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RU2018134197A - METHODS, COMPOSITIONS AND INFORMATION STORAGE DEVICES - Google Patents

METHODS, COMPOSITIONS AND INFORMATION STORAGE DEVICES Download PDF

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RU2018134197A
RU2018134197A RU2018134197A RU2018134197A RU2018134197A RU 2018134197 A RU2018134197 A RU 2018134197A RU 2018134197 A RU2018134197 A RU 2018134197A RU 2018134197 A RU2018134197 A RU 2018134197A RU 2018134197 A RU2018134197 A RU 2018134197A
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monomers
nanopore
nucleotide
charged polymer
chambers
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RU2018134197A
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RU2765308C2 (en
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Пол ПРЕДКИ
Майя КЭССИДИ
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Айридия, Инк.
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Claims (29)

1. Способ синтеза заряженного полимера, содержащего по меньшей мере два различных мономера, в наночипе, причем наночип содержит1. A method of synthesizing a charged polymer containing at least two different monomers in a nanochip, wherein the nanochip contains одну или более камер для присоединения, содержащих реагенты для присоединения одного или более мономеров или олигомеров к заряженному полимеру в буферном растворе в форме с защищенными концами, чтобы только один мономер или олигомер мог присоединяться за один цикл реакции; иone or more attachment chambers containing reagents for attaching one or more monomers or oligomers to the charged polymer in a buffer solution in a form with protected ends, so that only one monomer or oligomer can attach in one reaction cycle; and одну или более резервных камер, содержащих буферный раствор, но не все реагенты, необходимые для присоединения одного или более мономеров или олигомеров,one or more back-up chambers containing a buffer solution, but not all reagents required to attach one or more monomers or oligomers, где камеры разделены одной или более мембранами, содержащими одну или более нанопор, иwhere the chambers are separated by one or more membranes containing one or more nanopores, and где заряженный полимер может проходить через нанопору, и по меньшей мере один из реагентов для присоединения одного или более мономеров или олигомеров не может,where a charged polymer can pass through a nanopore, and at least one of the reagents for attaching one or more monomers or oligomers cannot, при этом способ включаетwherein the method includes a) перемещение первого конца заряженного полимера, имеющего первый конец и второй конец, под действием электрического притяжения в камеру для присоединения, причем мономеры и олигомеры присоединяются к указанному первому концу в блокированной форме,a) the movement of the first end of a charged polymer having a first end and a second end, under the action of electric attraction in the chamber for attachment, and the monomers and oligomers are attached to the specified first end in a blocked form, b) перемещение первого конца заряженного полимера с добавленным мономером или олигомером в блокированной форме в резервную камеру,b) moving the first end of the charged polymer with the added monomer or oligomer in a blocked form into a backup chamber, c) деблокирование присоединенного мономера или олигомера, иc) the release of the attached monomer or oligomer, and d) повторение стадий a-c, где мономеры или олигомеры, присоединенные на стадии a), являются такими же или отличаются, до тех пор, пока не получат желаемую последовательность полимера.d) repeating steps a-c, where the monomers or oligomers attached in step a) are the same or different, until the desired polymer sequence is obtained. 2. Способ по п.1, где заряженный полимер представляет собой ДНК.2. The method according to claim 1, where the charged polymer is DNA. 3. Способ синтеза нуклеиновой кислоты в наночипе, содержащем по меньшей мере первую камеру и вторую камеру, разделенные мембраной, содержащей по меньшей мере одну нанопору, причем синтез проводится в буферном растворе посредством цикла присоединения нуклеотида к первому концу нуклеиновой кислоты, имеющей первый конец и второй конец, где первый конец нуклеиновой кислоты перемещается под действием электрического притяжения между одной или более камерами для присоединения (которые содержат реагенты, способные присоединять нуклеотиды или олигомеры) и одной или более резервными камерами (которые не содержат реагенты, необходимые для присоединения нуклеотидов или олигомеров), причем камеры разделены одной или более мембранами, каждая из которых содержит одну или более нанопор, где нанопора является достаточно крупной, чтобы позволить прохождение нуклеиновой кислоты, но слишком малой, чтобы позволить прохождение по меньшей мере одного реагента, необходимого для присоединения нуклеотида.3. A method for synthesizing a nucleic acid in a nanochip containing at least a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a membrane containing at least one nanopore, the synthesis being carried out in a buffer solution through a nucleotide attachment cycle to the first end of the nucleic acid having a first end and a second an end where the first end of the nucleic acid is moved by electrical attraction between one or more attachment chambers (which contain reagents capable of attaching nucleotides or oligomers) and one or more backup chambers (which do not contain the reagents necessary to attach the nucleotides or oligomers), the chambers being separated by one or more membranes, each of which contains one or more nanopores, where the nanopore is large enough to allow the passage of nucleic acid but too small to allow the passage of at least one reagent necessary for the attachment of the nucleotide. 4. Способ по п.3, где реагенты для присоединения нуклеотидов к нуклеиновой кислоте включают полимеразу.4. The method according to claim 3, where the reagents for attaching nucleotides to nucleic acid include polymerase. 5. Способ по п.3 или 4, где нуклеотид присоединяется в 3'-защищенной форме и где резервная камера содержит реагенты, способные удалять защитную группу из присоединенного нуклеотида.5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, where the nucleotide is attached in a 3'-protected form and where the backup chamber contains reagents capable of removing the protective group from the attached nucleotide. 6. Способ синтеза ДНК в наночипе, содержащем одну или более камер для присоединения, содержащих нагруженный топоизомеразой нуклеотид или олигонуклеотид, и одну или более резервных камер, содержащих фермент рестрикции или фосфатазу, причем указанные камеры также содержат совместимый буферный раствор и разделены мембраной, содержащей по меньшей мере одну нанопору, где нанопора является достаточно малой, чтобы топоизомераза и фермент рестрикции или фосфатаза, были неспособны пройти через нанопору, при этом синтез проводят посредством цикла присоединения нуклеотидов или олигонуклеотидных блоков к первому концу нуклеиновой кислоты, имеющей первый конец и второй конец, где первый конец нуклеиновой кислоты перемещается под действием электрического притяжения между одной или более камерами для присоединения и одной или более резервными камерами.6. A method for synthesizing DNA in a nanochip containing one or more chambers for attachment containing a nucleotide or oligonucleotide loaded with topoisomerase, and one or more backup chambers containing a restriction enzyme or phosphatase, said chambers also containing a compatible buffer solution and separated by a membrane containing at least one nanopore, where the nanopore is small enough so that topoisomerase and the restriction enzyme or phosphatase are unable to pass through the nanopore, and the synthesis is carried out by and nucleotide or oligonucleotide attachment blocks to the first end of the nucleic acid having a first end and a second end wherein the first end of the nucleic acid is moved under the action of electrical attraction between one or more chambers for connection and one or more standby chambers. 7. Способ по п.6, где на каждом цикле присоединяется один нуклеотид.7. The method according to claim 6, where one nucleotide is attached to each cycle. 8. Способ синтеза молекулы ДНК с использованием опосредуемого топоизомеразой лигирования путем присоединения единичных нуклеотидов или олигомеров к цепи ДНК в направлении от 3' к 5', включающий (i) реакцию молекулы ДНК с топоизомеразой, нагруженной желаемым нуклеотидом или олигомером, где нуклеотид или олигомер блокирован от дальнейшего присоединения на 5'-конце, затем (ii) деблокирование 5'-конца ДНК, полученной таким образом, и повторение стадий (i) и (ii) до тех пор, пока не будет получена желаемая нуклеотидная последовательность.8. A method for synthesizing a DNA molecule using topoisomerase-mediated ligation by attaching single nucleotides or oligomers to a DNA strand from 3 'to 5', comprising (i) reacting the DNA molecule with a topoisomerase loaded with the desired nucleotide or oligomer, where the nucleotide or oligomer is blocked from further attachment at the 5'-end, then (ii) the release of the 5'-end of the DNA thus obtained and the repetition of steps (i) and (ii) until the desired nucleotide sequence is obtained. 9. Способ по п.8, включающий присоединение единичных нуклеотидов в направлении от 3' к 5', где на стадии i) топоизомераза нагружается желаемым нуклеотидом в 5'-фосфорилированной форме, так что желаемый нуклеотид в 5'-защищенной форме присоединяется к 5'-концу ДНК, и на стадии ii) 5'-конец ДНК, таким образом, образуется путем дефосфорилирования присоединенного нуклеотида.9. The method of claim 8, comprising attaching single nucleotides in a direction from 3 ′ to 5 ′, where in step i) the topoisomerase is loaded with the desired nucleotide in 5′-phosphorylated form, so that the desired nucleotide in the 5′-protected form is attached to 5 the 'end of DNA, and in step ii) the 5'-end of DNA is thus formed by dephosphorylation of the attached nucleotide. 10. Олигонуклеотид, содержащий участок связывания топоизомеразы, информационную последовательность и участок рестрикции, который при расщеплении ферментом рестрикции обеспечивает участок лигирования топоизомеразой.10. An oligonucleotide containing a topoisomerase binding site, an information sequence and a restriction site, which upon digestion with a restriction enzyme provides a topoisomerase ligation site. 11. Топоизомераза, конъюгированная с единичным нуклеотидом, где топоизомераза конъюгирована через 3'-фосфат нуклеотида, и нуклеотид является фосфорилированным в 5'-положении.11. The topoisomerase conjugated to a single nucleotide, where the topoisomerase is conjugated via 3'-nucleotide phosphate, and the nucleotide is phosphorylated at the 5'-position. 12. Одноцепочечная или двухцепочечная молекула ДНК, где единичная цепь или кодирующая последовательность по существу состоит из негибридизующихся оснований.12. A single-stranded or double-stranded DNA molecule, where a single chain or coding sequence essentially consists of non-hybridizable bases. 13. Способ хранения информации, включающий синтез заряженного полимера, содержащего по меньшей мере два различных мономера или олигомера (включая нуклеиновую кислоту или ДНК) в соответствии со способом по любому из пп.1-9, где последовательность мономеров соответствует машинносчитываемому коду.13. A method of storing information, including the synthesis of a charged polymer containing at least two different monomers or oligomers (including nucleic acid or DNA) in accordance with the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, where the sequence of monomers corresponds to a machine-readable code. 14. Способ по п.13, где заряженный полимер или копия заряженного полимера извлекается из наночипа после завершения синтеза.14. The method according to item 13, where the charged polymer or a copy of the charged polymer is removed from the nanochip after completion of the synthesis. 15. Способ по п.13, где заряженный полимер остается в наночипе после завершения синтеза.15. The method according to item 13, where the charged polymer remains in the nanochip after completion of the synthesis. 16. Наночип для синтеза электрически заряженного полимера, например ДНК, содержащего по меньшей мере два различных мономера, причем наночип содержит по меньшей мере первую и вторую реакционные камеры, разделенные мембраной, содержащей одну или более нанопор, где каждая реакционная камера содержит один или более электродов для втягивания электрически заряженного полимера в камеру и где указанная первая реакционная камера дополнительно содержит электролитную среду и реагенты для присоединения мономеров или олигомеров к полимеру, где указанные мономеры или олигомеры являются защищенными, так что только один может присоединяться за один раз, и где указанная реакционная камера дополнительно содержит электролитную среду и реагенты для удаления защитной группы из мономера или олигомера, присоединенного таким образом, где нанопора является достаточно крупной, чтобы позволить прохождение полимера, но слишком малой, чтобы позволить прохождение по меньшей мере одного из реагентов для присоединения мономеров или олигомеров к полимеру и по меньшей мере одного из реагентов для удаления защитной группы из мономера или олигомера, присоединенного таким образом.16. A nanochip for the synthesis of an electrically charged polymer, for example DNA, containing at least two different monomers, the nanochip containing at least the first and second reaction chambers, separated by a membrane containing one or more nanopores, where each reaction chamber contains one or more electrodes for drawing an electrically charged polymer into the chamber and where said first reaction chamber further comprises an electrolyte medium and reagents for attaching monomers or oligomers to the polymer, where These monomers or oligomers are protected, so that only one can be attached at a time, and where the specified reaction chamber further comprises an electrolyte medium and reagents to remove the protective group from the monomer or oligomer attached in such a way where the nanopore is large enough to allow passage polymer, but too small to allow the passage of at least one of the reagents for attaching monomers or oligomers to the polymer and at least one of the reagents for removing the protecting group from the monomer or oligomer thus attached. 17. Наночип для секвенирования электрически заряженного полимера, например ДНК, содержащего по меньшей мере два различных мономера, причем наночип содержит по меньшей мере первую и вторую реакционные камеры, содержащие электролитную среду и разделенные мембраной, содержащей одну или более нанопор, где каждая реакционная камера содержит по меньшей мере одну пару электродов, расположенных на противоположных сторонах мембраны, где электроды функционально соединены в емкостном контуре, способном обеспечивать радиочастотный пульсирующий прямой ток, например, с частотой от 1 МГц до 1 ГГц, например 50-200 МГц, например, приблизительно 100 МГц, через нанопору, например, где пульсирующий прямой ток может втягивать заряженный полимер через нанопору и последовательность мономеров может быть определена путем измерения изменения емкости через нанопору по мере прохождения через нанопору заряженного полимера.17. Nanochip for sequencing an electrically charged polymer, for example DNA, containing at least two different monomers, the nanochip containing at least the first and second reaction chambers containing an electrolyte medium and separated by a membrane containing one or more nanopores, where each reaction chamber contains at least one pair of electrodes located on opposite sides of the membrane, where the electrodes are functionally connected in a capacitive circuit capable of providing a radio frequency pulsating direct current, for example, with a frequency of 1 MHz to 1 GHz, for example 50-200 MHz, for example, approximately 100 MHz, through a nanopore, for example, where a pulsating direct current can draw a charged polymer through a nanopore and the sequence of monomers can be determined by measuring the change capacitance through a nanopore as a charged polymer passes through a nanopore. 18. Способ считывания последовательности мономеров заряженного полимера, содержащего по меньшей мере два различных типа мономеров, например молекулы ДНК, включающий применение радиочастотного импульсного прямого тока, например, с частотой от 1 МГц до 1 ГГц, например 50-200 МГц, например, приблизительно 100 МГц, через нанопору, где пульсирующий прямой ток втягивает заряженный полимер через нанопору и последовательность мономеров определяется путем измерения изменения емкости через нанопору по мере прохождения через нанопору заряженного полимера.18. A method of reading a sequence of monomers of a charged polymer containing at least two different types of monomers, for example a DNA molecule, comprising applying a radio frequency pulsed forward current, for example, with a frequency of 1 MHz to 1 GHz, for example 50-200 MHz, for example, approximately 100 MHz through a nanopore, where a pulsating direct current draws a charged polymer through the nanopore and the sequence of monomers is determined by measuring the change in capacitance through the nanopore as the charged poly passes through the nanopore EPA. 19. Способ по п.18, где изменение емкости измеряют путем измерения изменения импеданса радиочастотного сигнала, индуцированного изменением емкости по мере прохождения полимера через нанопору.19. The method according to p, where the change in capacitance is measured by measuring the change in the impedance of the radio frequency signal induced by the change in capacitance as the polymer passes through the nanopore. 20. Способ по п.18 или 19, который представляет собой способ считывания двоичного кода, закодированного в последовательности заряженного полимера, содержащего по меньшей мере два различных мономера.20. The method according to p. 18 or 19, which is a method of reading a binary code encoded in the sequence of a charged polymer containing at least two different monomers.
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