RU2009638C1 - Hydroponic plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: hydroponic plant has multitier pallets formed as vertical poles carrying illumination equipment, ultraviolet (bactericidal) equipment and pipelines with nozzles for watering plants. Poles are interconnected by ribs so that a tunnel defined by transparent walls is formed. Pallets are provided with equalized pressure ventilation, automatic control devices and water heaters. Pallets are mounted above drain reservoir. Multitier carts with plant-growing trays are movable within the pallets by means of pushing conveyor. A collapsible platform with extendable doors is counted in front of each row of pallets to carry heating devices, watering and ventilation devices, as well as ultraviolet (bactericidal) radiation devices. Cross conveyor and disposed in the vicinity of pallet and platform ends and longitudinal conveyor is extending along side of one of pallets. Hydroponic plant is provided with switch control instruments. Control is effectuated from remote control station. Final green product is delivered onto distributing conveyor. EFFECT: increased efficiency by providing growing of vegetables and forage all the year around. 5 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the food and feed industry, in medicine and in public catering.

 The purpose of the invention is improving the reliability, improving the quality of green crops and expanding the technical capabilities of hydroponic plants.

 In FIG. 1 shows a hydroponic installation, plan; in FIG. 2 - multi-tiered rack, general view; in FIG. 3 - the same, transverse section; in FIG. 4 - station for the preparation of planting material, side view; in FIG. 5 - trolley, side view; in FIG. 6 - lighting device, general view; in FIG. 7 - a pallet-germination, view of the grid with large cells; in FIG. 8 - the same, view of the grid with small cells.

 The hydroponic installation is formed by rows of multi-tiered racks 1, made in the form of vertical frame racks 2, on which horizontal brackets 3 are mounted with an interval of height, carrying lighting devices and ultraviolet emitters 4 and pipelines with nozzles 5 for watering plants. Above and below, the vertical racks are connected by longitudinal ribs 6, they are closed on the sides by transparent walls 7, equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation 8, means for automatically controlling the microclimate parameters and are equipped with a water heater 9.

 The rack is mounted above a rectangular sewage tank 10, which is closed on top of the filter material 11, and inside the shelves are multi-tier carts 12, carrying pallets and grinders 13 with planting material 14 or grown green products 15.

 Carts have the ability to move inside multi-tiered racks using a pushing chain conveyor 16.

 In front of each row of racks a sliding vestibule 17 is installed, equipped with sliding doors 18, as well as heating, irrigation, ventilation and ultraviolet (bactericidal) radiation devices.

 Transverse chain conveyors 19 are installed from the ends of the racks and tambours, supporting platforms 20, and on the side of one of the racks there is a longitudinal chain conveyor 21 carrying a similar platform 20.

 For watering plants and preparing nutrient solutions, the installation is equipped with a reservoir 22, which contains clean water, a water heater 23, nutritious electric pumps 24, which supply clean water for irrigation, with a capacity of 25 for preparing concentrated liquid solutions, a chemical electric pump 26 for supplying concentrated solutions, pressure head mixing tank 27, electromagnetic valves 28 for controlling plant irrigation, distribution manifolds 29, pipelines 30, shut-off and control valves 31, counter flax instrumentation and automation means.

 To prepare the planting material, the installation is equipped with a station 32 containing a receiving hopper 33, a screw conveyor 34, a metering device 35, a two-stage retractable conveyor 36, a bactericidal irradiator 37, a drainage bath 38 equipped with a mesh tray 39 and nozzles 40, a vibrating stand 41, and a loading pallet 42, as well as a disinfection bathtub, a transplanting machine, and means for automatically controlling station parameters (not shown in the drawings).

 Lighting devices and ultraviolet (bactericidal) emitters 4 are made in the form of a rectangular frame formed by two cylindrical tubes 43 with short tubes 44, which are connected by two rigid ribs 45 from the ends. Luminescent and ultraviolet (bactericidal) are installed between the tubes using tubes and hermetic seals tubular emitters. In this case, the wires 47 are laid inside the tubes 43, and ballasts are carried out on the outside of the connecting ribs 45.

 The tiered trolleys 12 are made in the form of a platform 48 on four wheels 49 carrying vertical racks 50 with horizontal brackets 51 fastened to them at intervals with height.

 Sumps 13 are made in the form of a rectangular frame to which a mesh 52 with small cells for planting seed material is attached on one side, and a mesh 53 with large cells for planting bulb plants and seedlings on the other hand, and porous material is laid between the grids to retain moisture.

 The installation is controlled from a remote station 54 in automatic mode or by an operator.

 The finished product enters the dispensing conveyor 55, equipped with a pallet tipper 56, a green pulverizer 57 and a lifting device 58.

 Hydroponic installation works as follows.

 Planting materials 14 (seed, grain or bulbs) are prepared at station 32. To this end, they are poured into the hopper 33, from where they are fed into the metering device 35 using a screw conveyor 34, and then they are sown in a thin layer or delivered individually to the first stage of the retractable conveyor 36 where they are irradiated with bactericidal rays to destroy pathogenic bacteria, especially molds, and with the help of the second pull-out stage the conveyors are uniformly loaded into the mesh pan 39 and at the same time washed with water entering through nozzles and 40, which merges into the drainage bath 38. Depending on the degree of contamination of water is treated in the filters (not shown) and is used for steeping (swelling) of the receiving material for a predetermined period of time in the same bath.

 Before loading on the pallets-germinators 13 planting material is additionally disinfected in the bath in weak solutions of potassium permanganate or formalin. Sown on pallets-germinators mounted on a vibrating stand 41, the soaked planting material is distributed in a thin layer (germination and germination rate depend on this), and onion materials are sown on pallets-germinators on a grid with large cells, for which a seedling-planting machine is used ( not shown in the drawing).

 Vegetable pallets 13 with planting material are installed on a tiered trolley 12 using a pallet-loading device 42 and fed to tambours 17, in which, depending on the ratio of cycles: “germination in the dark” and “growing in the light” can be placed from one to several tiered trolleys 12.

 Initially, multi-tiered racks are filled in trolleys with pallets-germinators in series until the finished product comes out at the end of the tunnel. Then, regularly, without interrupting the flow, they are prepared and fed into the vestibules 17, one or several carts, where each subsequent pushes the previous one using the pushing conveyor 16.

 Cross chain conveyors 19, supporting platforms 20, are distributed among the racks or moved to the transfer conveyor 55 of the trolley 12.

 Regularly at predetermined time intervals, metered watering of planting material or plants with clean water from tank 22 is performed and feeding with nutrient solutions, which are prepared in concentrated liquid form in tank 25, and then using a chemical pump 26 are fed into a pressure-mixing tank 27, where they are diluted with clean water to predetermined concentrations, and fed to the distribution manifolds 29, and then through pipelines 30 to nozzles 5. The dosed flow of water and solutions is regulated by electromagnetic vents ilami 28.

 Excess irrigation water and nutrient solutions flow into the tank 10, are filtered, enriched with mineral salts and again fed to the plants, and if it is impossible to use them, they are discharged into the sewer system (after neutralization).

 The microclimate in the vestibule 17 is supported by heating devices, an irrigation system, supply and exhaust ventilation, ultraviolet emitters and thermal insulation fencing.

 The microclimate in the tunnels of multi-tiered racks is supported by heating devices, lighting devices, supply and exhaust ventilation, bactericidal and ultraviolet emitters, an irrigation system and heat-insulating barriers.

 Microclimate parameters are controlled and mechanisms and systems are controlled by automation equipment and instrumentation.

 Hydroponic installation control is provided from a remote station 54.

 Finished green products are sent to the dispensing conveyor 55 in the pallets, and in this form are sent to the consumer, or loaded into the shredder 57 of the green mass with the help of tippers pallets 56 and goes to feed the animals and birds.

 Hydroponic green food significantly reduces diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cures anemia in piglets and other animals, reduces the cost of acquiring expensive vitamin preparations and fish oil, improves the digestibility of feed of the main ration of animals and birds by an average of 20%. (56) Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1021437, cl. A 01 G 31/00, 1982.

Claims (5)

 1. HYDROPONIC INSTALLATION, containing parallel rows of racks, interconnected by tiered cross-links, distilleries, a container for a nutrient solution, connected by a piping with a pump, installed in the upper part of the racks and a distributor, distributive a tank installed in the lower part of the racks, placed between the adjacent rows of racks by a directional and pushing conveyor installed from one of the ends of the adjacent racks with a vestibule having an extension solid doors, walls made of corrugated material, and heating, irrigation, ventilation and ultraviolet (bactericidal) radiation placed inside it, installed on one of the sides and ends of the racks and from the ends of the tambour chains, with water temperature sensors, shut-off valves, distributor manifolds, control and measuring devices, automation equipment, station for preparing planting materials, sowing mechanism, green mass chopper, or At the same time, on the sides of each row of racks, translucent barriers are fastened, the upper and lower parts of the racks are interconnected by longitudinal bonds and the filter material is placed on top of the drain tank.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the station for the preparation of planting materials is equipped with a premium hopper, a screw conveyor, a metering device, a two-stage retractable conveyor, a bactericidal irradiator, a drainage bathtub equipped with a mesh pallet and a girder, a girder, disinfecting of planting material, transplanting machine, additional control and measuring instruments and automation equipment.  3. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with ballasts, wires, luminescent and ultraviolet (bactericidal) emitters and a frame made of two tubes connected by transverse connections, with pipe connectors installed in addition to each other, emitters are fixed, wires are placed inside the tube, and ballast equipment is located on the outer side of the transverse links.  4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the trolley is made in the form of a platform on four wheels, carrying vertical racks with horizontal brackets fixed to them by tiers.  5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the design is made in the form of a frame of a rectangular shape, on one side of which a grid with small cells is fixed, and on the other - a grid with large cells, and between them a porous material that holds moisture is placed.

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