RU2004438C1 - Method and line for making decorative building articles - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in the building materials industry for the manufacture of decorative gypsum plasterboards. Summary of the invention: the method consists in. that at least two differently colored layers of dry gypsum with the thickness of each layer in the range of 20 - 55 mm are successively applied to the horizontal support. Further, the dry layers are partially mixed with each other and wetted with an aqueous solution of glue to the entire thickness with the formation of a multi-colored solution layer on a support. Then, this solution is fed into the mold with simultaneous rotation in a vertical plane at an angle of 75 - 105 °, kept in the mold until fluidity is lost, the front layer is leveled, heat treatment and extraction of the molds from the mold are carried out. A hardened slab of building materials can be preliminarily placed into the mold mixtures, organic materials with a binder, fibrous materials, a metal plate or mesh Line for the implementation of the method includes a molding conveyor with molds of elastic material and mounted on top of it chamber with a receiving conveyor, boxes for pneumatic spraying of gypsum and an aqueous solution of glue and a funnel for supplying a multi-colored layer of mortar to the molding conveyor. The chamber is divided into compartments by vertical partitions with rotary combs. The molding conveyor contains a knife with a screw for leveling the face layer and removing waste, a heat treatment chamber, and polishing brushes and a receiving stop 2 s and 8 zaf-ly, 4 ill.

Description

The invention can be used in the building materials industry for the manufacture of decorative building products, mainly marble-like gypsum tiles. A known method for the manufacture of decorative building products, including applying to the bottom of the form portions of a finishing solution of various colors, mixing and densifying them with an air stream under a pressure of 0.7-4.0 atm and laying the main layer of concrete mixture.

Closest to the proposed known is a method of manufacturing decorative building products, mainly facing gypsum boards, including the preparation and sequential laying in the form of variously colored portions of gypsum mortar, leveling the face layer with vibration, holding in shape to yield strength, subsequent laying of the main layer , heat treatment and removal of products from 1 form.

The disadvantages of the known methods are the lack of decorativeness and strength of the finishing layer, which excludes the possibility of manufacturing decorative gypsum tiles without a main bearing layer.

In addition, the known methods involve a significant number of time-consuming, including manual operations, which reduces productivity and excludes the possibility of conveyor production of decorative gypsum tiles,

Conveyor plants for forming gypsum products are known, comprising pallets with partitions mounted on the conveyor, devices for feeding gypsum mixture with continuously moving forms and devices for tearing products from the pallet.

Closest to the known one is a line for the production of decorative gypsum boards with a relief layer, the method of continuous casting of gypsum mortar, containing a molding conveyor with forms of elastic material mounted on a conveyor belt with longitudinal and transverse partitions, units for grinding and preparing raw materials, dosing, preparation and laying gypsum mortar in continuously moving molds, a heat treatment chamber, and a receiving table.

Known conveyor lines cannot be used to make multi-color decorative gypsum boards or building boards with a multi-color marbled gypsum finish layer.

The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the decorative and strength properties of plaster multicolor tiles, as well as

reduction of labor input and ensuring the possibility of their continuous conveyor production,

The manufacture of decorative marble-like gypsum tiles according to the proposed method is carried out as follows.

To intermediate horizontal

a support, such as a turntable or tape

conveyor, applied by spraying at least two differently colored layers of dry gypsum with a thickness of each layer within 20-50 mm, for example, the main green layer with a thickness of 50 mm and an additional yellow and (or) brown layer with a thickness

20 mm. The layer is partially mixed with each other using a comb.

Further, the multi-colored layer on the support is wetted with an aqueous solution of glue, for example, bone, joiner, CMC, etc. (dry

glue is 1% of the mass of gypsum) with the addition of an antiseptic, moreover, wetting occurs over the entire thickness of the layer. The resulting cold-hardening mixture (CTS) is held on a support until the yield point is lost, then

by turning the support in a vertical plane at an angle of 75-105 °, the colored layer of the solution is discharged into a continuously moving form, where it is evenly distributed, forming a marble-like texture, front

surface. Then the excess solution is cut off, the front layer is smoothed, the mold with the thickened solution is heat-treated in the drying chamber at 35-45 ° С, then the front layer is polished with brushes

or polishing wheels and finished tiles are taken out of shape. The standard dimensions of gypsum tiles are 500 x 500 mm with a thickness in the range of 5-25 mm. Tiles have pronounced decorative properties with a beautiful combination of various colors and sufficient strength.

The method also includes the possibility of manufacturing products with a decorative finishing layer. In this case, before applying the multi-colored layer of gypsum mortar, the hardened slab of building mixtures, for example, concrete or gypsum waste, from organic

materials with a binder, for example from foam, from a fibrous material, such as drywall. Metal plates or nets can also be used as a base.

The proposed method can be used both in the stand and continuous conveyor production, a possible solution of which is the proposed line for the manufacture of decorative building products.

In FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a line for the manufacture of decorative building products; in FIG. 2 - molding conveyor; in FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a line; in FIG. 4 - a box of pneumatic application of dry gypsum.

The line comprises a molding conveyor 1 with dividing transverse partitions fixed to the conveyor belt and longitudinal partitions (not shown), forming jointly closed around the perimeter of the form 2 of elastic material. Above the molding conveyor 1 at an angle of 25-35 ° in the plan (see Fig. 3, 1), a multi-section chamber 3 for preparing the mortar with a receiving conveyor 4 passing along its length and sequentially installed boxes 5 of pneumatic deposition on the receiving conveyor belt 4 of different colored layers is fixed dry gypsum, box b for spraying an aqueous solution of glue and a funnel 7 for supplying a multi-colored layer of solution to the molding conveyor 1, formed by the inclined end wall of the chamber 3 and adjacent to it with a gap at an angle of 75-105 ° inclined section lump of the receiving conveyor 4. The distance from the bottom edge of the funnel 7 to the bottom of the mold is 150-250 mm, which is optimal for uniform filling of the mold 2 with the solution at the accepted ratios of the speeds of the receiving and forming conveyors. Experimentally, the optimal angle of the solution from the funnel 7. was also determined within 75–105 °, which ensures the effective redistribution of the differently colored layers during their discharge into the mold.

The camera 3 is divided into compartments fixed between the boxes 5 vertical partitions 8 with rotary combs 9 in the lower part. The chamber 3 is also equipped with nozzles 10 in each section for collecting and discharging dry gypsum (one nozzle is conventionally shown in Fig. 1) and a funnel 11 for draining excess aqueous adhesive.

The molding conveyor 1 contains a chamber 12 for lubricating the aerosol forms with a receiver 13 for supplying air to the nozzles, a knife 14 with a screw 15 for cutting the hump, leveling the front layer and removing waste through the pipe 16, a heat treatment chamber 17 with electric heaters 18 and a fan 19, polishing brushes or grinding wheels 20 and a receiving table 21. 5Pipes 10 and 16 are connected by material pipelines 22 to a waste drying oven 23, which is connected in series to the grinding and preparation unit, including, for example, mill 24. vib-10 is grown 25, a screw mixer 26 and storage mixers 27 for each color of gypsum, equipped with pigment dispensers 28. The accumulators 27 are connected by pipelines to the corresponding boxes 5. The roller 11 is connected by a pipeline to the pump 29. which is connected to the filter 30, which in turn is connected to box 6.

Each of the boxes 5 is equipped with a nozzle 31 with air supply nozzles 32 and inclined shutters 33 installed in several rows along the height of the box. A receiver 34 for supplying compressed air to storage mixers 27 and other line components.

5 Line operation is carried out in the following sequence.

Dry crushed gypsum is supplied from the warehouse to the screw mixer 26, 20-40% by weight of gypsum waste is supplied there,

0 pre-dried in a furnace 23, crushed in a ball mill 24 and cleaned of unmilled pieces of gypsum and pigment using a vibrating screen 25. Thoroughly mixed mixture from the mixer

5 26 flows by gravity to the drive-mixer 27, each of which dispensers 28 serves the required amount of dry water-soluble pigments of different colors, in the amount of 0.3-1% by weight of dry

0 gypsum, e.g. green (malachite) color for the base layer, yellow and brown for the additional layers. Compressed air is supplied to accumulators 27 from receiver 34, which contributes to more thorough mixing of gypsum with pigments and ensures the supply of dry mixture under pressure into boxes 5 through nozzles 31. Compressed air supplied through nozzles 32 provides aeration of the mixture, and inclined

The blinds 33 facilitate the uniform application of a layer of dry gypsum on the moving belt of the conveyor 4.

As the conveyor 4 moves, the main and additional layers of different colors are laid on it sequentially, while the combs 9 partially mix the layers together. The passage under the box 6, the multi-colored layer of gypsum is wetted to the entire thickness of the layer with water

a solution of glue supplied under air pressure from the filter 30 and sprayed in the box 6 nozzles.

After holding on the conveyor belt 4 until the fluidity drops, the multi-colored layer of gypsum mortar is fed through the funnel 7 into the molds 2 of the conveyor 1, while in the process of feeding the multi-colored layer is rotated in a vertical plane at an angle of 75-105 °. With further movement of the conveyor 1, the excess mixture (cap) in the molds 2 is cut with a knife 14, the front layer of the product is evened out, and the waste is removed with the screw 15 and fed through the pipe 16 to the furnace 23 through a material pipe 22, The layer thickness in the molds is 5-25 mm.

Then the molds with the products pass through the heat treatment chamber 17. where the products are heated with hot air to 30-45 ° C, then the face side of the tiles is polished with round brushes or circles 20 with fine sandpaper. The tiles are removed from the molds and fed to the receiving table 21. Dry gypsum waste from the baskets 5 through the pipe 10 through the material pipe 22 is fed into the furnace 23. Excess glue from the funnel 11 is fed to the filter 30 by the pump 30. It should be noted that the molding conveyor 1 and the receiving conveyor 4 have a counter-directional movement and are located at an angle of 25-35 ° in the plan, which contributes to a more rational use of the production area. The free space between the conveyors is used to house the furnace, mill, and other equipment. (56) Copyright certificate of the USSR N: 627102, cl. B 28 B 11/00, 1976. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1694389, cl. At 28 At 11 / 00.1989. USSR copyright certificate No. 1399123, cl. At 28 at 5/00. 1986.

Handbook Building Materials

0 edited by A.S. Boldyrev et al. M, SI,

1989, p. 39.40, fig. 3.7 Conveyor line according to

production of gypsum decorative plates

(prototype line).

Claims (10)

1. A method of manufacturing decorative building products mainly from gypsum, including preparing a mixed-colored mortar and feeding it into a mold, holding it to yield strength, leveling the face layer, heat treating and removing the mold from the mold, characterized in that the mortar is prepared on a horizontal support by sequentially applying at least two layers of dry gypsum on it with each layer with a thickness of 20-50 mm. partially mixing the layers with each other and then wetting the adhesive with an aqueous solution to the entire thickness to form a multi-colored layer, and in the process of feeding into the mold, the multi-colored layer is rotated from a vertical plane by an angle of 75 -105. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before the multicolored layer of gypsum mortar is fed into the mold, a hardened slab of building mixtures is laid. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before the multicolored layer of gypsum mortar is fed into the mold, a hardened plate of organic materials with a binder is laid. 4. The method according to claim 1. characterized in that prior to the supply of the multi-colored layer of gypsum mortar, a hardened plate of fibrous material is laid in the mold. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to the filing of the multi-colored layer of gypsum mortar, a plate or mesh of metal is laid in the mold. 6. Lines for the manufacture of decorative building products 5 mainly from gypsum, comprising a molding conveyor with forms of elastic material fixed to the conveyor belt with longitudinal and transverse feathers. partitions, nodes for grinding and preparing raw materials, dosing, preparing and feeding the solution into the molds, a heat treatment chamber and a receiving table, characterized in that the node for preparing and feeding the solution into the molds is made in the form of a chamber fixed to the molding conveyor with an inclined end wall located along the length of the camera 5Q of the receiving conveyor, inclined at an angle of 75 - 105 output section. a drain located with a gap relative to the end wall of the chamber with the formation of a funnel, and sequentially 55 installed boxes of pneumatic application of different colored layers of dry gypsum and an aqueous solution of glue onto the conveyor belt, the camera being divided into compartments by vertical partitions fixed between the boxes with rotary combs in the bottom parts. 7. The line according to claim 6, characterized in that the camera is located in plan at an angle of 25 - 35 to the molding conveyor. § 8. The line according to claim 6, characterized in that the molding conveyor is equipped with a knife and a screw installed in front of the heat treatment chamber for cutting the hump, leveling the face layer and removing 10 waste. 9. The line according to claim 6, characterized in that it is equipped with a bypass drying oven connected via material pipelines to the grinding and preparation unit, the compartments of the chamber, and a knife with a screw. 10. The line according to claim 6, characterized in that each of the boxes for pneumatic application of dry gypsum is equipped with a nozzle with air supply nozzles and inclined shutters installed in the lower part of the box in several rows in height. 22 16 FIG. 2  Fig.Z /////// I 2 VJL Jj 77 fifteen 2 Jj