RU2000361C1 - Filament loosening method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in the textile, chemical and light industries for loosening fibers of organic and inorganic origin. Purpose: improving the quality of cultivation, expanding the range of processing fiber. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a method of loosening fibers involves dividing the material in an air stream in 1-6 stages with reversing the direction of movement of the fibers at each stage, the total speed of changing the direction of movement of the fibers being 20-500 m / s and increases with each subsequent loosening stage 1.2-5 times. The loosening device comprises a casing, a blade cultivator with a wheel with blades fixed on it, an inlet and an outlet pipe, it further comprises a second wheel with blades mounted coaxially and parallel to the first, the blades on both wheels are made in the form of a trapezoid with an angle at the base 30-70 ° and are arranged in circular rows, the distance between adjacent rows on one wheel corresponds to the width of the circular row on the other wheel, the blades of each ring series are placed at the end of the blades of the other wheel with a gap of 20 mm, and the angle of inclination relative to the radius of the wheel is 0 -40 °, wherein the blades of adjacent annular rows of both wheels are directed towards each other, the number of pairs of parallel coaxial wheels with blades is 2-6, and the total number of annular rows for both wheels is 2-7. beat.

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry and can be used at the stage of loosening fibers prior to the production of yarn, non-woven and composite materials.

The invention can be used for loosening fibers of organic and inorganic origin (synthetic, artificial, natural and mixtures thereof) in the chemical, textile and light industries

In order to ensure high-quality fiber processing, it is necessary to create conditions under which the elementary fibers will be maximally separated, which is carried out at the stage of fiber loosening.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of cultivation, expanding the range of processed fiber and providing technological flexibility, creating a more economical process for processing fiber.

TO

WITH

with s

U

about

g

The goal is achieved in that the method of loosening fibers involves the separation of material in an air stream, wherein the separation of fibers is carried out by an air stream in 1-6 stages, reversing the direction of movement of the fibers at each stage, and the total speed of changing the direction of movement of the fiber is 20- 500 m / s and increases upon transition to each subsequent stage of loosening by 1.2-5 times.

The device for loosening fibers comprises a casing, a blade ripper with a wheel with blades fixed to it, an inlet and an outlet pipe. The device further comprises a second wheel with blades mounted coaxially and parallel to the first, the blades on both wheels are made in the form of a trapezoid with an angle at the base of 30-70 ° and are arranged in circular rows, the distance between adjacent rows on one wheel corresponds to the width an annular row on the other wheel, the blades of each annular row are placed at the end of the blades of the other wheel with a gap of 5-20 mm, and their angle of inclination relative to the radius of the wheel is 0-40 °, while the blades of the adjacent annular rows of both wheels on equal to meet one another. The number of pairs of parallel coaxial wheels with vanes is 2-6, and the total number of annular rows for both wheels is 2-7.

The fiber is fed by a stream of air into the ripper, where the fiber bundles, the passage of the stepwise different loosening zones, are separated into separate fibers due to a sharp change in the direction of the fiber movement in the opposite direction and intensification of the air flow turbulence. Loosening is carried out in 1-6 stages. The total velocity of the fibers is 20-500 m / s. In this case, the fiber speed increases by 1.2-5 times during the transition from one stage to the next.

The most optimal fiber loosening parameters are as follows.

The optimal number of steps is determined individually for each fiber assortment. The shorter the fiber length, the more brittle the fiber, the smaller the number of stages. The minimum number of stages in this case will be 1. The maximum number of stages does not exceed 6. With more stages, the energy consumption increases sharply and at the same time, positive loosening results are not achieved, even a deterioration in the quality of loosening is observed.

nor fiber (strength and fiber length are reduced).

At a total fiber velocity of less than 20 m / s at one stage, no

loosening and combining of individual fiber bundles into one larger one is noted, equipment downtimes increase. At a total fiber velocity of more than 500 m / s, a sharp deterioration in physicomechanical parameters (strength and fiber length) due to destruction of the fibers is again observed, and dust formation increases.

The limits of increase in the total fiber speeds in stages (1.2-5 times) are due to the fact. that when the speed increases by less than 1.2 times in the next stage, the fibers hang in the device, a sharp deterioration in the quality of loosening, and bundling of fiber bundles into one. At

An increase in the total fiber speed by more than 5 times in the next stages also shows a sharp deterioration in the quality of loosening (length, fiber strength, fiber clumping, and scrapability decrease), in addition, the energy consumption and the amount of dust generated due to fiber breakdown sharply increase.

Within the indicated limits (the number of stages, the limits of the total speeds in one and several stages), optimal loosening conditions are achieved, ensuring the creation of the necessary turbulent fiber flows for this.

PRI me R 1. The tangled wastes of nylon fiber with a linear density of 0.25-5.0 tex are pre-crushed on a VirM-1.8 machine to a length of sharply 25-160 mm and loosened on a cultivator in two stages (3

row of blade rings), the air flow velocity in the first stage is 75 m / s, in the second - 150 m / s (2 times higher). The inclination of the blades to a radius of / 10 °; end angles a - 30 °, distance between the blade of one wheel to other wheels h 10 mm. The mass exiting the cultivator is conveyed by a conveyor to a needle punching machine to form a nonwoven material from it. The quality of loosening - the content of non-loosened fibers - is checked by determining non-loosened fibers (fiber bundles) per 100 g of the primary disintegrated mass, and then in the fibrous material according to the physicomechanical parameters of the finished product and especially the deviation of surface density.

A nonwoven fabric is obtained with the following properties:

740 5.2

350 340

121 115

Surface density

g / m2

Surface deviation

density,%

The load at break, N

by lenght

in width

Elongation at break,%

by lenght

width115 10

The content of non-loosened

fibers after loosening,% 4.9

PRI me R 2. Similar to example 1, but the bark in the first stage of 50 m / s, in the second 60 m / s (increases by 1.2 times), ft - 0 °; a - 15 50 ° and h 5 mm.

Get non-woven material with the following properties:

Surface density

g / m2720 20

Surface deviation

density,% 6.1

The load at break, N

subline330

width325 25

Elongation at break,%

length 128

wide132

The content of non-leaven

fibers after loosening,% 7.2 30

Sample Similar to example 1, but the bark in the first stage of loosening is 50 / s, in the second - 150 m / s (increases in 3 basics), / 3 40 °, and - 70 ° and h 20 mm.

Received non-woven material with the following 35 properties:

Surface density

g / m2726

Surface deviation

density. % 4,3 40

The load at break, N

length360

wide 351

Elongation at break,%

by lenght. 123 45

width118

The content of non-loosened

fibers after loosening,% 5.1

PRI me R 4. Similar to example 1, on the bark in the first stage of 20 m / s, in the second - 50 00 m / s (increases 5 times).

The resulting non-woven material with the following properties:

Surface density

g / m2735 55

Surface deviation

density,% 4.7

The load at break, N

length 360

10

about - 15

twenty

25

thirty

- 35

40

45

fifty

55

wide 355

Elongation at break,% subline111

width117

The content of non-loosened fibers after loosening,% 4,5

PRI me R 5. Similar to example 1. but the speed in the first stage of 75 m / s, in the second - 255 m / s (increases 3 times).

Received non-woven material with the following properties:

Surface density, g / m2734

Deviation of density surfaces,% 3.9

The load at break, N length 370

width362

Removal at break,% subline107

width115

The content of non-loosened fibers after loosening,% 5,4

Example Similar to example 1. but the fiber is processed in 6 stages of loosening (7 rows). The speed in the first stage is 20 m / s, in the second stage - 50 m / s (increases 2.5 times), in the third stage - 75 m / s (increases 1.5 times), in the fourth stage - 110 m / s (increases 1.47 times), at the fifth stage 220 m / s (increases 2.2 times), at the sixth stage - 500 m / s (increases 2.3 times).

Received non-woven material with the following properties:

Surface density, g / m2724

The deviation of the surface density,% 3.8

The load at break, N subline: 430

width410

Elongation at break,% in length102

width109

The content of non-loosened fibers after loosening,% 0.9

Example. Similar to Example 1, but a mixture of fibers (lavsan, nylon, viscose) was loosened.

Received non-woven material with the following properties:

Surface density, g / m2733

The deviation of the surface density,% 5.9

Load at break, N subline 310

width298

Elongation at break,%

longline 124

wide119

The content of non-loosened fibers after loosening,% 5.1 Example. A basalt fiber with a diameter of 10–20 μm and a length of 40–50 mm is loosened in two stages.

After the formation of the canvas and compaction by rolls, a material with an unevenness by weight of 3.9% was obtained, the content of non-loosened fibers was 0.5%.

Example 9. It is similar to example 9, but the loosening is carried out in stage 1 and in two rows (see Fig. 3a) at a speed of 40 m / s.

After forming the canvas and compacting it with rolls, a material with an unevenness by weight of 4.5% is obtained. and the content of non-loosened fibers is 2.1%.

Example 10. Similar to example 8, but loosens carbon fiber with a length of 40-50 mm. After the canvas was formed and compacted with rolls, the material obtained was uneven by weight of 3.1%, and the content of non-loosened fibers was 1.4%.

PRI me R 11. The black lavsan fiber 0.09 tex with a length of 38 mm is processed as in the example, but the speed in the second stage is 75 m / s (increases 1.5 times).

The canvas after needle piercing has the following indicators:

Thickness, mm3.9

Tensile Strength, MPA

longitudinal 137.7

cross 134.1

Anisotropy 1.0: 0.97

Elongation,% longitudinal 103.5

transverse 101.7

anisotropy 1.0: 1.0,

Uneven by mass,% 3.4

The content of non-loosened fibers,% 3.9

Example 12. Similar to Example 11. but the white dacron fiber was loosened 0.05 tex. After the formation of the canvas and needle punching, the material has the following indicators:

Thickness, mm3.8

Tensile Strength, MPA

longitudinal120.1

transverse 118.1

anisotropy 1.0: 0.98

Elongation,% longitudinal 108.4

transverse 102.7

anisotropy 1.05

Uneven by mass,% 4.0

The content of non-loosened fibers. % 3,7

PRI me R 13. After the mechanical process of the white dacron fiber 0.12 tex with a cutting length of 38 mm, the formation of the canvas and needle-punched on a needle-punched machine, a fibrous material is obtained with the following parameters: Thickness, 4.0 mm

Tensile Strength, MPA

longitudinal 123.4

transverse 74.9

Anisotropy 1.0: 0.6

Elongation,%

longitudinal 110.1

transverse 128.4

Anisotropy 1.0: 1.17

Uneven by mass,% 4.1

The content of non-loosened fibers,% 6.5

PRI me R 14. Similar to example 1. but the speed in the first stage 15m / s, in the second -30m / s.

It was not possible to obtain material that meets the requirements of TU 6-06-C125-86: there are a lot of unbroken bundles of fibers and holes in the canvas, a very large unevenness in the mass of the material. The content of non-loosened fibers 23.1%,

Example 5. Similar to example 6, but the speed at the 6th stage of loosening is 520 m / s.

A material was obtained that did not meet the requirements of TU 6-06-C215-86, by the unevenness by weight (deviation by surface density 17.3%), the content of non-loosened fibers 13.5%.

Example 16. Similar to example 4, but the speed in the second stage is 110 m / s (increases 5.5 times).

A material is obtained that does not meet the requirements of TU 6-06-C215-86 in terms of unevenness by weight (deviation in surface density of 9.8%). The content of non-loosened fibers is 16.9%.

Example 17. After a mechanical process on an AIN-1800-M1 aggregate, nylon fiber with a linear density of 0.25-5.0 tex and a cutting length of 25-160 mm (grinding tangled threads on a VIRM-1.8 machine), the formation of the canvas and its needle-piercing was obtained fibrous material that meets the requirements of TU 606-S215-86 and having the following parameters: Breaking load, N Norm, not less than the length of 296.0294

in width 248.0240

Elongation at break. % subline 138.0150

wide 161.0170

+50

superficial

density, g / m2730.0 725-50

Deviation of surface density,% (unevenness by weight) 6.9 ± 8 EXAMPLE 18. On modern carding and canvas-forming equipment, processing of fibers with a linear density of 0.05 tex is not possible (tearing continuity and holes in the weaving), frequent shutdowns due to for winding fibers on rolls and drums and driving headsets. The content of non-loosened fibers 60%.

Figure 1 shows a schematically proposed device with three rows of blades on both wheels (two stages of loosening): figure 2 - section AA in figure 1; Fig. 3 - arrangement of the blades on the wheels (a - one row on a wheel with one loosening zone; b - three rows on each wheel with five loosening zones); Fig. 4 is a layout diagram of perforated shafts in an outlet; figure 5 - possible variants of the layout of pairs of coaxially arranged impeller wheels: in - 2 pairs, 6-6 pairs; Fig.6 is a diagram of the placement of oncoming blades and the impact of air on the fiber relative to the radius of the wheel - radially (a), parallel (b) and at an angle (c, d), one blade to another: in the negative region (c), in the positive region (g).

The device consists of a casing 1, input 2 and output 3 nozzles, impellers 4 and 5, blades 6, engines 7 and 8. Wheels 4 and 5 are placed coaxially and parallel to each other and form one working pair. The blades 6 on wheels 4 and 5 are made in the form of a trapezoid with an angle at the base of “30-70 ° and are placed on wheels with ring rows. The distance And between adjacent rows on one wheel corresponds to the width And of the annular series on the other wheel. The blades 6 of each annular row of one wheel are located at the end of the blades of the other wheel with a gap h of 5-20 mm, and the angle of inclination relative to the radius of the wheel is 0-40 °. In this case, the blades of adjacent annular rows of both wheels are directed towards one another. The total number of ring rows for both wheels is 2 7

The device may contain 1-6 pairs of coaxial parallel paddle wheels (1-6 working pairs). These pairs in the device can be located on one axis (see Fig. 5a), perpendicular to one another (see Fig. 56), or in some other way.

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

55

(combination of the first two methods, chaotically).

The impellers 4 and 5 are driven in rotation in mutually opposite directions by engines 7 and 8, or from one engine 7 through a transmission system.

The outlet pipe may be equipped with perforated pressure rollers 9.

The angle of inclination a at the base of the trapezoid is selected within the range of 30-70 °.

With an end angle of inclination of the blades less. 30 °, the dimensions of the device, metal and energy consumption are significantly increased, the quality of loosening and the productivity of the installation are deteriorated. This is due to the fact that the descent and capture of bundles and fibers is extremely inefficient.

At an end angle of inclination of the blades of more than 70 °, there is a hang of the fibers and their bundles at the ends, their accumulation and, as a result, a sharp deterioration in the quality of loosening, simple to remove these hangs and reduce productivity.

The angle of inclination / 5 blades relative to the radius of the wheel is selected in the range of 0-40 °.

At 0 °, the blades are placed along the radii of the wheels (see fig. Ba). When the angle ft. as can be seen from Figs. 6b-d, the angles of changing the direction and speed of the fibers change.

At an angle of / 40 °, accumulation of the beams, their coiling and accumulation between the blades of the same wheel are observed. This leads to reduced productivity and poor quality loosening.

The blades 6 of each annular row of one wheel are placed with a gap h of 5-20 mm with respect to the ends of the blades of the other wheel. With a gap of h 5 mm, the destruction of the fibers, the formation of dust, a decrease in productivity, as well as the breaking of fibers and bundles into larger ones are observed. With a gap of h of 20 mm, there is an accumulation of fibers and bundles outside the blades, their freezing in the dead zone due to the loss of movement speed and, as a result, a sharp deterioration in the quality of loosening.

The number of annular rows on both impeller wheels (the number of rows of vanes) is less than two in principle impossible (see Figs. 1-5), because in this case loosening is not observed. When the number of annular rows of blades on a pair of coaxial and parallel wheels is more than 7, the technical and economic performance of the device deteriorates sharply (the blades collapse. The wheels increase sharply in energy and metal costs, there are many downtimes, it’s impossible to provide

stable operation) and physicomechanical parameters of the fiber (breaking of the fibers, twisting them into bundles).

The number of pairs of parallel coaxial wheels can be not only equal to 1, but also 2-6. If the number of pairs of wheels is 2, then the diameter of the wheels can be reduced, which reduces the technical and economic costs. When the number of pairs of parallel wheels is more than 6, for example 7, the cost of loosening again increases sharply (metal, energy, the design of the device is complicated and, most importantly, the quality of loosening is deteriorating, twisting and entangling of the fibers due to transition ducts is observed). When the number of pairs of wheels is not more than 6 this is not observed).

The length Z of the blades in each row can be determined from the formula

7 VKOH Unam

ft COS / where w is the angular speed of the wheel;

ft - angle between radius and blade

UKON and UHF are the linear velocities of the end and beginning of the blades.

The device operates as follows.

The fiber bundles are fed in an air stream through the inlet pipe 2 into the casing 1, where they fall onto the blades 6 of the first annular row of the wheel 4. These blades accelerate the air-fibrous flow onto the wheels 4 and are thrown onto the blades of the wheel 5, which rotates in the opposite direction direction. At this point, the first loosening step is carried out.

The loosening process is based on the fact that, as can be seen from Fig. 6. the fibers first come off the blade of the wheel 4 at an angle to the radius of the wheel + ft and the speed vp, and then they are captured by the air flow from the wheel 5, lose speed to 0 and regains speed uv, but already at an angle / 3 to the radius of the wheel. In this case, the angle of change in the direction of fiber motion y is equal to the sum of the absolute angles + D).

It should also be noted that along the wheel row the fiber moves along the blades 6. while increasing the speed of the fiber to UV. It is at the moment the fiber bundle descends from one blade of one wheel in one direction and the subsequent direction of movement changes through 0 to the opposite and the loosening of the fiber bundles is based.

Figs. Ba-r show various options for the location of the blades on the wheels (at different angles in the form of projections and vector diagrams for each variant)

5

0

5

0

5

0

5

0

5

we directions and velocities of elementary fibers in the air ceiling). Fig. B is a variant of the radial arrangement of oncoming blades relative to the radius of the wheel. In this case, the fiber moves on one side along the plane of the blade due to a constant increase in speed with an increase in the radius of rotation of the blade part (v W R) - the VF and VF vectors. On the other hand, it experiences a centripetal force and moves in a direction perpendicular to the radius -Vector UL and st. The resulting motion velocity vectors are UV and UV. This leads to the fact that the fiber tearing off the blade of the first row has a UV speed and moves at an angle D (to the radius of the wheel), experiencing a powerful opposite effect of the air flow from the side of the other row, begins to lose speed and direction of movement. The fiber is captured by the blades of the other wheel and again, moving along the plane of the blade in the outer direction of the wheel, acquires a high speed, higher than on the first wheel. The total angle of change of direction of motion of the fiber is y in this

case is equal to the sum of the angles of the DI. The larger the angle y and the sharper the change in speed, the more efficient the loosening process is.

Similarly, the explanation for the arrangement of the blades on the wheels for figbb-d.

On Fig blades are placed mutually parallel, but at an angle of 90 ° to the radius. In this case, the angle yi y (Fig. B).

The lengths of the blades and the angular velocities of the blades are the same in all cases in fig. When the blades are arranged in parallel, the fiber moves along them with the same angles, which leads to the fact that in the second row of blades the resulting UV velocity vector will be much smaller than UV1. and the angle At. AT

As a result, the total angle y Dt + D1 will be less than the angle y. Loosening in this case is significantly worse than in the first case. In Fig. Bb, the blades are placed at an angle to one another and their angle with respect to the radius is not 0 (this is the variant of Fig. B), but not more than 40 °. If the blades are arranged as shown in FIG. then the resulting motion velocity vector in the first row of UV2 Ul2-s in the second row

UV2 UCH2

This is due to the fact that the nolo.- but should be on the blades m disd 11 i in the direction of P ROTIVOPOL O m and 1P11 NII

blades (vectors v and v). In this case, the change in fiber speed in opposite directions will be less than in the embodiment of FIG.

When placing the blades according to FIG.

UFZ and UFZ movements are maximal due to the coincidence of the direction of fiber movement along the blade (vector v43 and UFZ) and the blade (vector ULZIUYAZ). In this case, the speed difference is maximum. At the same time, the angle is maximum

Uz Dz + Az. This arrangement of the blades (see Fig. Bg) is optimal from the point of view of loosening and gives the best results.

After the fiber acquires UV speed, it is fed to the second stage of loosening. If the desired degree of loosening is achieved, the fiber is sent for further processing, for example, into yarn or nonwoven material, through the outlet 3. If the desired degree of loosening is not achieved after the first stage, the fiber bundles pass through several wheel rows. If necessary, perforated rollers 9 can be placed in the nozzle 3, which makes it possible to obtain fibrous material for making the canvas therefrom.

The proposed method and device can improve the quality of loosening the fiber while reducing the size, metal and energy intensity of the ripper (compared with the prototype, because the ripper on the prototype to achieve acceptable uniformity for subsequent processing of loosening, although the fiber was passed through prototype model more than 5 times): expand the range of processed raw materials; samples of nonwoven materials were obtained that meet the requirements of the customer and technical specifications from fiber wastes crushed at VIRM-1.8 (nylon, lavsan, viscose); from super-coarse

0 fiber lavsan 10 tex. from ultrafine lavsan 0.05 tex fibers (black and white); on the same equipment it is possible to process a wide variety of flocks and with different cutting lengths, in

5 including unextracted fibers.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A fiber loosening apparatus comprising a helical casing with a coaxially mounted pneumatic feed nozzle 0 fibers and a tangentially located pipe for pneumatic removal of the fiber, mounted coaxially with the supply pipe with the possibility of counter rotation of at least two impeller wheels, the blades of which are located at the ends of the respective wheels in circular rows, the distance between which on one wheel corresponds to the width of the ring series on the other wheel, and installed with a clearance relative to 0 of the end of the opposite wheel, characterized in that the blades are made in the shape of a trapezoid with an angle at the base of 30-70 °, and the gap value of the blades relative to the end of the opposite wheel 5 corresponds to 5-20 mm, with the blades located at an angle to the radial planes not exceeding 40 °. to n o o o o CM GI / V- / H T / TT / 7  V 0 fe "Oh L I ffT S- / t J-Jd I-V h h J-and. /// // / f F && 3 . In "5 6 /// // / f At F && 3 pts & 4 vj ,, k ;, L At & thirteen