RU2092998C1 - Soil crust drill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, sowing of cereal cultures in zones with arid climate and high winds. SUBSTANCE: drill is used for sowing cereal crop seeds into soil crust, which is formed by covering field with wet soil. Soil crust protects soil from wind erosion. Drill has shares and toothed disks. Teeth are staggered at both sides of disks. During operation of drill teeth punch openings in soil crust, with openings being arranged in two lines. Disk rim rests upon soil crust between two lines of openings to press through it and form furrow for passage of shares. EFFECT: increased efficiency, wider operational capabilities and enhanced reliability in operation. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for sowing crops on the soil crust in areas with an arid climate and strong winds.

 Seeders are known in which disc legs or wedge-shaped discs are installed in front of the coulters. Disc legs cut through the soil, large clods and plant debris found in the depths, thereby reducing traction resistance. The wedge-shaped discs, copying the relief of the field, spread the soil, forming a furrow, along the trail of which the opener moves. (A.S. N 532354 A 01 C 7/20, N 316407, A 01 C 7/20).

 The closest solution in technical essence to the invention is a seeder, including a frame on which are mounted supporting wheels, gear disc knives and double disc coulters mounted on the saddle of the disk knives, when viewed in the direction of translational movement of the seeder. Rotary movement through chain transmissions from the supporting-drive wheel is brought to gear circular knives. The gear ratio of the knife drive is selected so that the disk knives operate in the braking mode (A.S. N 1230481, A 01 C 7/00).

 The disadvantage of the above analogues and prototype is that they can work on soils where the soil crust is artificially created by rolling the fields with rollers after or before the autumn rains. Even if the working process is carried out by the indicated seeders, traction resistance will be created to cut the soil edge and considerable vertical pressure on the knives will be required to hold them in the soil at a given depth.

 The purpose of the invention is the reduction of forces acting on circular knives, and improving the quality of the drill.

 This is achieved by the fact that teeth are set on staggered knives on both sides, the ends of which protrude beyond the circumference of the disc by the thickness of the soil edge and the distance between the teeth and the plane perpendicular to the blade of the knife is equal to the width of the groove for a double-disc opener.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed seeder in section, a view from the side, in FIG. 2 is a side view of a circular knife, in FIG. 3 front view of a circular knife.

 The seeder includes a frame 1, on which the supporting-drive wheels 2, disk knives 3, double-disc coulters 4 mounted on the trail of the disk knives are installed. Disk knives 3 are attached to the frame 1 using leashes 5 and pressure rods 6 with springs 7. Pressure rods 6 are connected to the mechanism 8 for raising and lowering the double disc coulters 4, on the disk knives 3 the teeth 9 are staggered on both sides of the disk.

 The seeder works as follows.

 When the sowing unit moves, the teeth 9 of the disk knife 3 pierce the soil crust in two rows over its entire thickness. Moreover, due to the installation of the teeth on the disk in a staggered manner, the soil edge between the teeth does not jam. The circumference of the disk knife destroys the soil crust between two rows of holes made by the teeth 9. The openers 4 pass along the track of the disk knives and the seeds pass through the vas deferens into the resulting furrow.

 The installation of teeth on circular knives reduces the force required to destroy the soil edge, since a smaller vertical load is required on the piercing holes of the teeth on circular knives than on circular knives without teeth, in addition, the soil edge is destroyed strictly inside the strip formed by the teeth of the disk, due to which leaves the crust intact between the rows sown. As a result, the evaporation of soil moisture is less, the soil does not undergo wind erosion, weeds in the aisle do not germinate because they cannot break through the soil crust.

 The creation of the soil crust in the fall in the fallow year by rolling the field with rollers protects the soil from wind erosion in the winter and spring of next year. In addition, the crust protects the soil moisture from evaporation. Due to the greater thermal conductivity of the crust, the soil temperature rises. All this makes it possible to increase the yield of grain crops when sowing it on the soil crust.

Claims (2)

 1. The seeder for sowing on the soil crust, containing a frame with support drive wheels, circular knives, double-disc coulters mounted on the trail of circular knives, characterized in that the teeth are staggered on both sides of the circular knives, the ends of which extend beyond disk circumference to the thickness of the soil crust.  2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the teeth in the plane perpendicular to the blade of the knife is equal to the width of the grooves for the double-disc coulter.

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