RU2090912C1 - Process of geochemical search for accumulations of crude oil and gas and analyzer of composition of sample volatile components - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: search for fields of oil and gas, study of migrations of fluids in rocks by composition of gas and liquid inclusions. SUBSTANCE: samples of rock are taken, after mechanical or thermo-mechanical outgassing of each sample in vacuum plant mass spectrometric composition of liberated gases is determined by value of ratio of mass to charge. They are separated into groups of paleo-atmospheric, inorganic gases and organic compounds. Presence of structural elements characterized by accumulations of oil and gas is judged by positioning of zones of propagation of liberated gases and by values of concentrations of gases. ANALYZER of composition of sample volatile components includes vacuum chamber which houses whirligig holder of samples, two strikers as minimum to execute strikes on samples for their destruction and liberation of gases from gas and liquid inclusions. Vacuum chamber is connected to group of mass spectrometers including at least two of them and is fitted with drives to rotate whirligig holder and to deliver strikes on sample. ANALYZER is also provided with control unit. EFFECT: enhanced functional efficiency of ANALYZER, improved authenticity of method. 12 cl, 28 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the interpretation of the underground structure and history by analyzing the inclusion of fluids in samples of sedimentary rocks taken underground. On the one hand, the invention relates to a device and method for implementing and / or analyzing volatile components released from innumerable fluid inclusions in each of a plurality of sedimentary rock samples. Such samples of volatile components released from countless fluid inclusions in a sedimentary rock sample are referred to herein as total volatile components or total volatile components of gas-liquid inclusions. On the other hand, the invention relates to methods for oil and gas exploration by mapping the chemical regions of underground rocks, using the analysis of the composition of the total volatile components.

 The closest way to the proposed one is the method of geochemical search for oil and gas fields [1], including drilling wells, sampling, analyzing the composition of gas-liquid inclusions using a mass spectrometer, comparing the gas compositions of the reference and studied areas, judging by the anomalous values of these indicators about accumulations of oil and gas.

 However, for efficient mapping of the cross section of the earth, it is important to analyze gases in microinclusions, based on their location in the earth, and not on specific types of minerals and inclusions that are not present in all locations.

 It is also important to obtain a sufficient number of rock samples to identify strike cross sections. That is, the number of samples should be sufficient to identify cross-sectional stretches, despite the scatter or variation of data in the composition information.

Closest to the claimed device is a mass spectrometric installation with a vacuum electromagnetic mortar attachment [2]
A similar device acts to release and analyze some of the components of the volatile components of gas-liquid inclusions. However, due to the fact that the preparation and analysis of each sample must be carried out separately, the time required for analysis sharply limits the use of volatile components in compiling a section map.

 This implies the need for an improved device for determining the composition and volatile components of a large number of samples of sedimentary rocks, performing this simply and quickly, without resorting to complicated preparatory and working operations used in known methods.

 The basis of this invention is to create a method in which volatile components are continuously removed without contact with materials that can significantly change the composition of the released volatile components, and also to create a device for determining the composition of the total fluid inclusion of volatile components.

 The invention relates to a method for searching for accumulations of oil and gas. According to the invention, samples of sedimentary rocks are taken, a sample of the total volatile components of the gas-liquid inclusions is sequentially released from each individual rock sample by successive and individual impacts on each individual rock sample, the resulting sample of the total volatile components of the gas-liquid inclusions is further analyzed for oxygen, nitrogen, argon, neon, xenon, helium, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and hydrogen chloride, according to the results of the analysis, zones characterized by the relative prevalence of gases, and groups of paleo-atmospheric gases, inorganic gases and organic compounds, a map of the location of the selected zones and the distribution of the selected components of the selected groups are used to determine the presence of structural elements characterizing the accumulation of oil and gas by their values.

 According to one feature of the invention, the group of paleo-atmospheric gases includes oxygen, nitrogen, neon, argon, xenon and carbon dioxide, the group of inorganic gases include helium, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and hydrogen chloride, and the group of organic compounds include methane and heavy water-soluble hydrocarbons .

 According to another distinguishing feature, the background composition of the total volatile components in the evacuated chamber before hitting the sample and the composition of the total volatile components in the evacuated chamber after hitting the sample are analyzed on a mass spectrometer.

 According to another distinguishing feature, preliminary mathematical processing of the results of the analysis of the composition of the total volatile components of gas-liquid inclusions is carried out by subtracting from the values of the concentrations of the total volatile components present in the evacuated chamber after hitting the sample, the background concentrations of the total volatile components present in the evacuated chamber before hitting patterned.

 To solve the problem according to the invention, the device further comprises a control unit, at least one mass spectrometer, at least one striker, a carousel sample holder, bearing on the upper surface at least two concentrically arranged series of cells for placement of samples in them, and a device for moving the holder relative to strikers, while the control unit is connected in feedback with the drives of the strikers, a device for moving the sample holder and mass spectrometers, and the control unit is made with possibility by the action of at least two of the mass spectrometer to determine the composition of total volatile components in the evacuated chamber by determining the mass to charge ratio (OMZ) as the characteristics of the composition of total volatile components of gas-liquid inclusions.

The invention is further illustrated by a specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
in FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an automatic sampler system for automatically obtaining samples of volatile components of cumulative gas-liquid inclusions from each of a plurality of sedimentary rock samples;
in FIG. 2 illustrates the formation of inclusions in a thin section of a mineral, which can be obtained from a rock sample 38 in FIG. one;
in FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway view of part of the automatic sampler 10 of FIG. 1 mounted;
in FIG. 4 is an illustration of a system for mass spectroscopic analysis of samples of volatile components of cumulative fluid inclusions;
in FIG. 5 is an illustration, by means of a simplified control block diagram of the automatic analysis sampler system of FIG. 1 and 4;
in FIG. 6 illustration through a simplified block diagram of a system for summing the characteristics of the mass-to-charge (OMZ) ratios for each of a plurality of scans of the OMZ range for one sample of total volatile components to obtain cumulative OMZ values for the whole set of total volatile components scanned for one sample, which can be visualized on the display as an OMZ spectrogram;
in FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of measurements of the fundamental data of an automatic sampler and the fundamental data of an automatic sampler plus sample data of cumulative fluid gas-liquid inclusions;
in FIG. 8 illustrates the difference between inclusion gases from non-inclusion by subtracting the underlying data from the sample data;
in FIG. 9 illustration of the OMZ spectrogram on a logarithmic scale of the sample of volatile components of the total fluid inclusions;
in FIG. 10 is an illustration of the spectrogram of FIG. 9 OMZ, but on a linear scale;
in FIG. 11 is an illustration of a ternary graph of fluid inclusion composition data showing two zones having characteristic compositions of fluid inclusions, each zone representing a plurality of points in the subterranean formation;
in FIG. 12 illustrates a logging image as a function of depth changes with methane abundance in the volatile components of cumulative gas-liquid inclusions in a specific well and shows the identification of hydrocarbon migration zones and seals;
in FIG. 13 is an illustration of a logarithmic OMZ spectrogram of a sample of volatile components of cumulative gas-liquid inclusions in zone 150 of FIG. 12;
In FIG. 14 is an illustration of a log of fluid inclusion composition as a function of depth changes with argon abundance in a specific well and illustrates the identification of paleo-location zones;
in FIG. 15 and 16, an illustration of the image of fluid inclusion composition logs as a function of changes in CO ₂ content and shows in 162 and 164, respectively, the composition region of the gas-liquid inclusion in the underground formation, which is widely used as a stratigraphic time marker;
in FIG. 17 illustrates the image of the composition of the gas-liquid inclusion as a function of the depth variation in the helium content and shows another region of the composition of the gas-liquid inclusion in the underground formation, which is widely used as a stratigraphic time marker;
in FIG. 18 is an image of a simple false well test trap;
in FIG. 19 is a logging depicting a fluid inclusion composition region as a function of depth, characterized by an abundance of paraffins superimposed on the well in FIG. twenty;
in FIG. 20 illustration of the structure of the contour map of the following formation;
in FIG. 21 illustrates changes in CO ₂ // CO ₂ + methane / in inclusions of adjacent wells in FIG. twenty;
in FIG. 22 is an illustration of ternary diagrams of wells in FIG. 20, showing a relative change in methane, CO _2, and OMZ 41, representing heavier hydrocarbons;
in FIG. 23 illustrates changes in the compositions of the volatile components of cumulative fluid inclusions by depicting ternary plots in FIG. 22 on the map (Fig. 20) of the underground structure;
in FIG. 24 illustrates ternary plots in accordance with the invention with changes in CO ₂ / CH ₄ / H ₂ S volatile components of fluid inclusions in formations adjacent to the well;
in FIG. 25 is an illustration of a ternary graph according to the invention showing different characteristic populations of CO ₂ / CH ₄ / H ₂ S compositions of volatile components of inclusions of productive and non-productive pressures;
in FIG. 26 is an illustration of an H ₂ S log normalized to CO ₂ as a function of depth adjacent to a borehole;
in FIG. 27 is an illustration of a log of a CO ₂ change normalized to CH ₄ as a function of depth adjacent to the well.

 in FIG. 28 is an illustration of a log of helium changes normalized to hydrogen as a function of depth adjacent to a borehole.

 Fluid inclusions are trapped by fluids present in the rock matrix in very small cavities that do not contribute to the rock pore system in terms of both macroporosity and microporosity. Fluid inclusions are classified as hydrocarbon inclusions when liquid hydrocarbons prevail, as water inclusions when liquid water prevails, and gaseous when gases prevail. Inclusions can also be classified as liquid filled, gas filled, or mixed liquid and gas filled inclusions that are commonly found.

 Volatile components are released from gas-liquid inclusions and combined, for example, by summing during analysis data from a large number of fluid inclusions in each sample of sedimentary rocks. Released volatile components represent a heterogeneous mixture released from all different generations and all different types of inclusions in each rock sample. Molecules having different molecular weights move through the analytical system at different speeds and require an analytical operation that accurately and accurately reflects the original composition of the mixture. Different samples have different heterogeneous mixtures of fluid inclusions depending on their respective geological histories. By analyzing the composition of different heterogeneous samples in an effective way to obtain registration of all the molecules present, changes in compositions can be identified that indicate different fluid inclusions in the population (accumulation) from region to region in the earth.

 Turning now to FIG. 2, it shows inclusions that can be observed in the mineral thin section of the rock sample 38 in FIG. one.

 Under 310, a portion of the sample taken is generally taken from a naturally occurring mineral formation that can be made from a rock sample 38 in FIG. 1. Sample 310 consists of a cut-off section having a thickness of about 0.03 to 1 millimeter, which is polished on both sides and which is mounted on a glass slide (not shown in Fig. 1). The view of FIG. 2 is a view of a polished section when viewed through a microscope and is therefore greatly enlarged. An approximate scale can be indicated by the fact that essentially all fluid inclusions, like inclusion 312, formed in different mineral formations in sample 310, are about 10 microns in diameter. Sample 310 includes many mineral formations like minerals 314, 316, 318, 320, 322 and 324. Minerals 316 and 318 each include fused minerals 326 and 328, which act and are referred to as cement.

 Mineral 324 includes many primary inclusions, such as inclusions 330 and 332. These inclusions were formed during the initial growth of mineral 324. A hidden crack 334 was formed in mineral 324 and a hidden crack 336 was formed in mineral 322 and in mineral 324. Crack 334 was formed in mineral 324 after the initial growth of mineral 324 and thus after primary inclusions, like inclusions 330 and 332 that were formed. Crack 336 was also formed in minerals 322 and 324 after the formation of primary inclusions in both minerals 322 and 324. Each of cracks 334 and 336 has many secondary inclusions, as shown later formed. These secondary inclusions were formed during the shelter of cracks 334 and 336, when mineral growth developed in the cracks. It should be noted that secondary inclusions in fracture 334 retain ambient fluids at a later time than primary inclusions in mineral 324, and secondary inclusions along fracture 336 capture such fields at a later time than when surrounding fields were captured in primary inclusions in minerals 322 and 324. In addition, the secondary inclusions in the cracks 334 can also be formed over a time sufficiently distant from the formation in the crack 336, and thus the secondary formations in the crack 334 can be different eniya than formation in fractures 336. Similarly, the primary inclusions formed in the various minerals and cements in sample 310 may be formed in substantially different positions relative to each other, thus grasping the surrounding fluids present at the time of formation.

 According to the invention, these different classes and generations of fluid inclusions randomly open and fluid inclusions are freed. Preferably, all or substantially all, or at least the predominant fluid inclusions, are opened and volatile components are released.

 The sample typically contains only a fraction of a gram, and since inclusions are formed on an ongoing basis, they represent the integration of the history of burials (minerals) over time, which however can significantly differ from each other in their samples literally a few inches away from each other.

 Each sample is compared with many and other samples to obtain reliable information regarding hydrocarbon exploration. Thus, each region of the composition of fluid inclusions has a characteristic composition of fluid inclusion in comparison with many locations in the earth. Comparison of only a few samples leaves too much uncertainty as to whether or not individual observations are a typical formation. References to FIG. 11, 12, and 13 below show that there is significant scatter in the data and therefore large numbers of samples are required to reliably identify trends. In FIG. 11, 12, and 13, underground sampling rates are approximately every 60-90 feet. From 50 to 10,000 or more, samples are analyzed for each stratigraphic study, preferably 100 to 500 or more, to obtain statistically and stratigraphically reliable data groups. Samples are preferably taken at least every 200, 100, 50 or less feet. An interval of 60 feet gives excellent results in many cases. More frequent sampling can also be beneficial. Referring again to FIG. 11, 12 and 14, it can be noted that each zone represents many samples (see table. 1).

 In general, experience shows that zones can be reliably identified when each zone is characterized by at least 5 samples, and of course more samples improve reliability, and fewer samples can also be used in cases where data scattering allows.

 Data on the composition of the volatile components of the aggregate fluid inclusions can be checked against trends across the domain that is mapped out. For stratigraphic mapping, samples are selected with domain coverage in the sedimentary basin. Each well in the domain can then be examined as described in the preceding paragraph, and the results can be displayed in cross section of the domain and even a specific formation in the domain.

 Samples can be washed with drill cuttings, cores, samples of exposed rocks, samples of soil and the like. Drill cuttings are widely available and provide the opportunity to explore essentially the entire length of the borehole. Drill cuttings are then collected from many existing boreholes, so new wells or samples are often not required. A rock sample of about 10 cubic centimeters or even less allows multiple measurements if required, since only a fraction of a cubic centimeter is required for each measurement.

 To study the domain from many spaced wells, samples can be taken essentially along the entire length or along the zone of particular interest, for example a particular formation, in several wells. These analysis domains are located in the sedimentary basin and provide information on geological formations adjacent to each of the wells studied in the zone. Between 50 and 100 or more samples covering a domain or interest are selected and analyzed to determine the composition of the fluid inclusion.

 According to the invention, the total fluid components are preferably recovered by applying a blow to each rock sample, as described in detail below, since this releases both liquid and gaseous inclusions. Other methods can be used, for example, heating, using, for example, a heating robe on one of the heads 50, described below, or using a laser. Due to the relatively small number of moles of gas present, such methods are generally ineffective for opening gas inclusions, although such methods work well in the case of inclusions filled with liquid. Heating can also lead to entrainment or entrainment of gases not related to inclusions.

 Turning now to FIG. 1, it shows an exploded view of a system including a controller for releasing, delivering and analyzing the composition of a plurality of samples of volatile components of gas-liquid inclusions. The device includes release means 10 for sequentially and individually striking and deforming each of the plurality of sedimentary rock samples, effective for releasing a sample of volatile components of cumulative fluid inclusions from each analytical tool 12 to determine the composition of each sample of volatile components of fluid inclusions when they are released; delivery and delivery means 11, 27, 28 for transporting each sample of volatile components of fluid inclusions from the releasing means to the analytical means when they are released, and controller means 16 for initiating sequential and individual release of samples of volatile components of the total fluid inclusions by means of the releasing means 10 and for initiating a sequential and individual analysis of each sample of volatile components of the total fluid inclusions using analytical tools 1 2 when they are released.

In FIG. 1 shows an automatic sampler 10 controlled by a controller 16 and providing samples of the volatile components of the aggregate fluid inclusions for each of a plurality of rock samples for the mass spectrometer 12. The vacuum pump 14 sets the vacuum stage 10 under vacuum at the beginning of the analysis sequence. After that, the system is maintained under vacuum using pumps 15 ¹ interacting with the mass spectrometer system, see FIG. 4.

 The system 10 includes an upper housing 27 and a lower housing 28 having a sealing seal 30 therebetween to form an evacuated chamber 60 (see FIG. 3) when the housings 27 and 28 are aligned and connected. The seal 30 may be a gasket of highly conductive copper without oxygen. The housings 27 and 28 can be adapted with knife edges for sealing when in contact with gasket 30. A new gasket is used for each measurement. The evacuated chamber has an outlet 11 with a valve and functions to supply released volatile components for analysis when they are released.

 The upper housing 27 has many linear vacuum through cavities 19, 21, 23 and 25 to allow shafts from pneumatic plungers 18, 20, 22 and the engine 24 to pass into the chamber 60 (see Fig. 2) without loss of vacuum. Each plunger 18, 20, 22 and engine 24 have housings with flanges 18f, 20f, 22f, 25f, respectively, for tight connection with flanges 19f, 21f, 22f, 25f of linear through cavities. The motor 24 may be a stepper motor or a servomotor with an encoder of angular position or any motor capable of having a controlled angular position of the shaft. The controller 16 may include systems that are well known for generating signals and driving forces for the movement of the plungers 18, 20 and 22.

 The lower housing 28 comprises flanges 28f, a side wall 28c, and a base 28b. The base 28b has a groove 32 in which a plurality of bearings 34 can be placed. A round carousel 26 is provided with a plurality of sample cells 36 and a centered slot 46 for receiving the shaft key 44 on the shaft 42 of the stepper motor. The carousel 26 has a groove 32b for contacting the bearings 34 in the groove 32a in the base 28b. As a result, when the carousel 26 is mounted in the lower housing 28, the grooves 32b and 32a cooperate axially to align the carousel 26, and the bearings 34 rotate the carousel 26 in response to the rotation of the shaft 42 of the engine 24 by connecting the key 44 to the slot (keyway) 46.

 Cells 36 for samples are each effective for receiving a sample 38 of the rock and for keeping it in a confined space during the release of volatile components between the walls and the base of the chamber and the impact agent.

 As shown, there are three pneumatic plungers 18, 20 and 22 extending into the upper housing 27. More or less plungers may be used. The carousel 26 shown has three concentric rings of sample cells 36, and each pneumatic plunger aligns coaxially with a corresponding concentric ring of sample cells. The plunger 19 is shown with a plunger 52 and the tip of the plunger 54. The plunger 19 is aligned coaxially with the outer ring 36o; the plunger 20 is aligned coaxially with the intermediate ring 36i and the plunger 22 is aligned coaxially with the center ring 36c. Thus, when the cell 36 for the sample is aligned aligned with the corresponding plunger, the plunger can be actuated to strike the sample 38 in the cell, effective to release the sample of total volatile components. Preferably, each sample cell is also formed with an insert 40 of the sample cell to prevent cross-contamination of the samples during impact. The insert 40 may be considered part of the impact agent. Sample 38 and insert 40 are shown enlarged in circle 39 for clarity. However, insert 40 is adapted to close sample 38 in cell 36, while allowing volatile components to escape through the annular gap between insert 40 and cell wall 36. Although only one insert 40 and sample 38 are shown, usually inserts 40 and samples 38 have as many cells 36 .

 Turning now to FIG. 3, it shows in more detail the operation of pneumatic plungers. In FIG. 3 shows a pneumatic plunger 19, which, as shown, is axially aligned with the outer row 36 of sample cells on the carousel 26. In response to a signal from the controller 16 (see FIG. 1), the bellows 48 of the pneumatic plunger expand, driving the shaft 50 and a pusher 52 for contacting the insert 40, striking a sample 38 (see FIG. 1) in cell 36. Striking a sample may be performed one or more times, preferably several times, under the control of controller 16 to ensure that substantially all volatile fluid components incl teachings. The released gases of fluid gas-liquid inclusions are then transported to the chamber 60 through the space between the lower surface of the upper housing 27 and the upper surface of the carousel 26 to the mass spectrometer 12 for analysis.

 The impact on the sample is preferably carried out while the sample is tightly surrounded by insert 40 in cell 36. The impact can be any impact sufficient to release the sample of the volatile component of the aggregate fluid inclusions, for example, by grinding, pulverization and the like. Preferably, the impact is effective to cause deformation or shaking of the sample, effective to release the sample of the total volatile components essentially without crumbling or grinding the sample into powder. For most drill cuttings measurements, an impact of around 400 psi is effective. Due to this, the formation of new surfaces on which the adsorption of released volatile components can occur is reduced. The result of the crushing is preferably a deformed rock sample molded by the sample cell and crushing means into a compact combined mass.

 Striking can be done virtually instantly lasting up to 10 seconds and even more. Ten seconds give very satisfactory results. In this case, the pusher strikes the rock sample and maintains the deforming pressure on the fluid inclusion for 10 seconds, for example, when iterative impact is used, all iterations can be performed in 10 seconds or less, if necessary. Striking can be for a period of time effective to release the volume of gases of fluid inclusions. It is preferred that substantially all or at least preferred volatile components of a fluid inclusion be released.

 As shown, the invention includes a controller 16 for controlling a sampler 10, for example, by controlling an engine 24, plungers 18, 20, 22 to sequentially release mass from each of a plurality of rock samples of fluid inclusion components and to control a mass spectrometer 12 for transporting and analysis of released fluids.

 Controller 16 is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 5.

 The controller 16 may be, for example, a personal computer programmed to control an automatic sampler and load the composition data received from the mass spectrometer 12 onto a disk, together with a device for driving plungers, an engine, controlling the mass spectrometer and the like. Such equipment is well known and can be easily mounted by those skilled in the art to which the invention relates. The use of a personal computer for such control is described here, but any suitable computer may be used.

 As indicated by 220 in FIG. 5, some preliminary operations can be controlled by controller 16. So, for example, controller 16 can generate signals to format the data disk in controller 16 to calibrate the mass spectrometer system 12 and to position the carousel 26 to analyze a given first rock sample.

 For each breed, controller 16 generates signals that initiate measurements and registration (recording) of fundamental data, initiating an impact on a rock sample, initiating measurement and registration of fundamental data, plus volatile components of fluid inclusions, initiating the loading of pre-recorded data to disk and determining whether samples were measured. If all samples have been measured, the controller 16 generates a signal that controls the engine 24 to move the carousel 26 to the position for crushing the next rock sample. When all the samples have been measured, the controller 16 may perform the end of the measurement operation, such as removing a vacuum in the system, transmitting data, and the like. The operation of the controller 16 is shown in more detail in FIG. 5 described below.

 Samples of rocks.

Washed sludge, core, exposed rock samples, even soil samples collected at different places in or on the ground, can be analyzed. Impact type lateral soil core cores are currently not preferred due to grain fracture, which leads to rupture of inclusions during coring. As described with reference to FIG. 7 and 8 below, the method according to the invention distinguishes inclusion gases from gases not contained in the inclusion, and it often does not matter whether drill cuttings are from a well drilled with an oil-based or water-based solution. However, sometimes the fundamental levels obtained from some sludge from wells drilled with an oil-based wash solution are so high that they mask or obscure the response from opening of inclusions. Drilling fluids and other fluids present in pores or adsorbed on the rock, such as formation fluids occurring in the rock pore system, can be removed before releasing fluids to reduce background levels. Removing drilling fluid residues in a solvent obviously removes the problem, but is expensive and can take weeks or months for several hundred samples that can be used in a single inclusion study. However, the preferred method for opening inclusions, described below, distinguishes inclusion gases from non-inclusion gases in most cases. Further, heating, for example, at 200 ^° C. in air overnight before analysis often lowers the background to the desired level.

 The method can be used in relation to carbonates, plastic rocks and sandstones.

A typical rock sample is less than 10 cm ³ in volume, which provides enough material for several measurements, if necessary. Samples in the form of core and exposed rocks are usually broken before analysis, while samples from drill cuttings can be injected directly into the sample cells. Individual assays for analysis generally range from about 1/100 to 1/2 cm ³ , typically from about 1/25 to 1/2 cm ³ .

 For single well profiles, drill cuttings samples for every 60-90 feet can be analyzed. More frequent sampling across areas of special importance may be used. Samples are preferably not combined, i.e. drill cuttings from different depths are not combined, although combined samples can be used if necessary. The frequency of samples from exposed rocks or cores, for example, every 10-20 feet, depends on the scale of the problem that is posed and the means available. Generally, intervals between 1 and 200 feet are preferred.

 Analyzes.

 Samples are analyzed using an automatic fluid inclusion sampler. Samples 38 are loaded into a carousel 26 containing holes or sample cells 36. Steel inserts 40 are placed in cells 36 on top of the samples. During the analysis, the inserts 40 are pushed by pushers 50 having plunger tips 52. The inserts 40 ensure that the entire sample is impacted and prevents inter-sample contamination (i.e., mutual contamination of the samples from each other) due to scattered chips and pieces. Depths are recorded by input into a computer, such as controller 16, when samples are loaded into predetermined sample cells on a carousel. Depths can later be transferred to another computer, such as the main computer, to analyze the received data, if necessary.

The loaded carousel 26 can be heated at 200 ^° C. overnight before analysis to eliminate most of the absorbed water and other volatile components, reducing the vacuum time in the vacuum system. The loaded carousels 26 can then be removed from the drying oven and loaded into the lower housing 28. With the pressure reduction configuration, the value 13b opens and the value 11b closes; in automatic configuration, sampling 11b closes and 13b opens. The automatic sampler 10 may be heated to maintain samples at a temperature of about 150 ^° C. during the operation. The inlet and outlet lines to the mass spectrometer system 12 can also be heated to 150 ^o C.

In general, the analysis temperature can be any temperature effective to vaporize specific molecules of interest to a temperature less than the temperature at which thermal cracking releases the volatile components of the fluid inclusions. For oil and gas exploration, temperatures in the range of 150 to 200 ^° C. are particularly advantageous for the evaporation of hydrocarbons.

 The automatic sampler 10 is then evacuated, for example, first to a very high vacuum, using a turbomolecular pump, such as pump 14, which does not open into mass spectrometers. The entire system can then be evacuated in its analytical configuration, for example, for a period of three hours before the start of the analytical measurement. When the system is in an analytical configuration, the released volatile components of the inclusions from the automatic sampler 10 can be pumped directly into the mass spectrometers 12 (see Fig. 4). In other words, the one used during the analysis must be pumped through the ionization chambers of the mass spectrometers in order to be pumped to the side. This can be seen more clearly in FIG. 4.

The system maintains a vacuum of the order of 10 ^-8 to 10 ^-6 torr. Even during the release of volatile components, the pressure will not drop below 10 ^-6 torr. In general, pumps that evacuate the system during an analytical configuration maintain low pressures to provide substantially all released volatile components or passed through mass spectrometers for analysis.

 An automatic sampler 10 is shown in FIG. 1 and 3. The circular groove 32 at the base of the carousel 26 rests on ball bearings 34, which are mounted in a circular groove in the lower plate of the lower housing 28. The asymmetrical eye 44 fits into the groove 46 in the carousel. The asymmetry of the eye and the groove ensures that the sample tray is correctly installed in the automatic sampler, so that each sample has a unique position relative to the sampler. The upper and lower bodies 27 and 28 of the automatic sampler 10 are fastened together. High conductivity oxygen-free copper gasket 30 is inserted between the two halves before being connected. Vacuum sealing is achieved with knife edges in the upper and lower halves, cutting into the gasket. Preferably, no hydrocarbon components are used in any part of the system.

 The motor 24, under the control of the controller 16, drives the shaft 42 along the line 12c, which rotates the asymmetric groove 44, which rotates the carousel 26. As shown, there are three impact sites, one for each of the three sample rows. Each sample, in turn, is set under one of the percussion instruments.

 In FIG. 3 shows, in partial section, a percussion means installed above the sample in a sealed automatic sampler 10. The percussion device may be in the form of stainless steel bellows 48, which transmit linear motion generated outside the vacuum chamber to the shaft 50 inside the vacuum chamber 60. The bellows 48 may be driven into action from the above by means of an air piston, which can be included in the controller 16 for lowering and raising the bellows 48. The plunger tip 52 covers the end of the shaft 50. The shaft 50 is not installed osredstvenno over the insert 40 which is located on the upper surface of the rock sample 38, as shown in FIG. 1. The sample is now ready for analysis.

 In FIG. 4 shows a mass spectrometric analysis of samples of cumulative fluid inclusions according to the invention.

 Turning now to FIG. 4, it shows a source 10 ′ of samples of volatile components of cumulative fluid inclusions, such as the autosampler 10 in FIG. 1, connected via a line 11 'having a valve 11'v, to a preferred embodiment of mass spectrometers 12'. During the analytical configuration, valve 11'v is open and samples are removed as soon as they are freed by crumbling. Thus, the system shown in FIG. 4 is dynamic, i.e. 10 'open to the sampler during sample release. As shown, the mass spectrometers are made in two groups of three, each group has a pump 15 'for pumping samples from line 11' to each of the mass spectrometers 12 'along the output line 13'. Each mass spectrometer is configured to test a specific set of OMZ characteristics using the optimal gain for each, for example, as follows.

Mass Spectrometer Tested Mass to Charge Ratio (OMZ)
1 2, 16, 17, 18, 28, 44
2 3, 4, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19-27, 29-43, 45-60
3 61-120
4 121-180
5 181-240
6 241-300
In general, there are no peaks with OMZ from 5 to 11. Specialists in the use of mass spectrometers can see that by distributing specific mass spectrometers among samples, a set of characteristics of OMZ, which have comparable amplitudes, time losses when switching amplifiers for mass spectrometers can be reduced . Thus, the samples of mass spectrometer 1, which it measures, are the most abundant OMZ 61, and mass spectrometer 2 measures the samples, the least abundant OMZ 61.

The signal line 0-10 V of each mass spectrometer 12 'is operatively connected to a group of five signal conditioners 17', each with a configuration for different optimal amplifications, for example, of the following type:
Signal Conditioner Gain Configuration
1 0-10 B
2 0-5 B
3 0-1 B
4 0-0.5 B
5 0-0.1 B
The outputs of the signal conditioners 17 are connected to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 17 'and then to the computer controller 16'. For simplicity, only the output of one mass spectrometer 12 'is shown, the other mass spectrometer 12' has the same configuration.

 As shown, the mass spectrometer system of FIG. 4 is open to the 10 'sampler during sample measurement. This reduces the time of presence of volatile components in the sampler 10 ', but means that volatile components are passed through a mass spectrometer system over a period of time depending on the relative molecular weight of the volatile components and the time period when the volatile components are released from a particular sample. For example, the travel speed of volatile components depends on molecular weight, so that lighter volatile components are analyzed to heavier volatile components. Also, when the sampler 10 ′ is an automatic sampler 10 according to another feature of the invention, striking a sample to release volatile components takes a discrete amount of time, and if multiple impacts are applied, a series of volatile component releases may take place to analyze a single rock sample.

 According to the distinguishing features of the invention, it is necessary to have an OMZ record for a rock sample that reliably compares compounds represented by one or more OMZ with one or more other compounds.

 According to one feature of the invention, a mass spectrometer system is provided to provide such a reliable record. The mass spectrometer system is designed and controlled to scan the OMZ range, which are of interest many times during the period of release of volatile components from each rock sample, and the results from the whole set of scans are summarized on the basis of OMZ for OMZ for each rock sample.

 As described here, the range of OMZs of interest is the range of 2-300 OMZ to cover the preferred range for analysis. A smaller or larger range may be used. As shown, the mass spectrometer system was designed to measure the samples of the most common OMZ using a single mass spectrometer in order to avoid time loss due to switching the amplifier. As described herein, a plurality of scans is 256. Less or more scans may be used. However, reducing the number of scans leads to a loss of accuracy and correctness. Therefore, more scans are needed rather than fewer.

 Turning now to FIG. 5, it shows the control of the mass spectrometer system of FIG. 4, integral with the control of the automatic sampler 10 in FIG. 1. In general, the system scans the sampler 10 'many times during the time when the sample is not released, and summarizes the results based on OMZ for OMZ. The system then scans the sampler 10 'many times during the time when the sample of volatile components is released from a specific rock sample and summarizes the results based on OMZ for OMZ. The system repeats the previous two steps until a lot of samples are measured. At the stage of editing the preliminary data, the fundamental readings taken before reading each sample can be removed from the readings of the sample. Editing preliminary data is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 7 and 8.

 Turning now to FIG. 5 in detail, it shows a system for controlling a sampler 10 and a mass spectrometer system in FIG. 4, using a personal computer in which data is recorded on the memory disk, and they are transferred to another computer for analysis. It is clear that other controller systems are possible for use with the invention, and the invention is not limited to the particular computer device described.

 Step 220 is intended to perform some preliminary operations, such as formatting a data disk, calibrating mass spectrometers, and positioning carousel 26 to crush the first sample.

 Stage 222 is intended to establish the beginning of the OMZ range (OMZ = 2). Stage 224 is for controller 16 measuring the output of the mass spectrometer configured for OMZ 2, and stage 226 is for a computer selecting a signal conditioner for optimal signal amplification OMZ 2, and initiating the output of the selected driver to appear on the ADC output line 17 'when the computer selects it (step 228). Stage 230 is designed to supply a mass spectrometer to the next test OMZ. This can be achieved, for example, by using a digital-to-analog converter in controller 16 (see the additional table for a specific distribution of OMZ over mass spectrometers). Stage 232 is designed to load the selected ADCs into the appropriate adder. The computer then, through steps 234 and 236, which are intended for the computer, likewise selects, through circuit 244, the mass spectrometer prescribed for the next OMZ until the entire OMZ range is scanned, as shown by OMZ 2-300.

 The step of supplying the appropriate mass spectrometer to the next OMZ is shown in FIG. 4 by line 121 and in FIG. 5 by step 230. This can be achieved by using a controller 16 containing a DAC (digital-to-analog converter). Thus, a personal computer can provide a signal selecting the next mass spectrometer for the next OMZ for the DAC in relation to a particular mass spectrometer. The DAC can then initiate the appropriate mass spectrometer to accept the configuration for the next OMZ to be read.

 At step 238, the entire range of OMZs of interest is scanned multiple times for each rock sample and data for each OMZ summed on the basis of OMZ for OMZ for multiple scans. After 256 scans, the computer checks to see if it was a scan of background or sample data at step 240. This can be a simple definition of a set of 256 scans as the second set from the moment of striking the previous rock sample. After determining that the readings were background readings, at stage 242, background data is loaded for the sampler into the computer memory and a signal is generated for the automatic sampler 10, prompting to strike the first sample and return to stage 244.

 Steps 224 through 240 are then repeated, and when step 240 is now responding, it indicates that the sample data has been measured and step 246 downloads the sample data to disk. Step 248 determines whether all samples have been measured, and if not, then, using step 250 and circuit 252, sends a signal along line 12c (see FIG. 1) to sampler 10 to establish the next breed sample for analysis. After step 248 indicates that all samples have been measured, step 254 ends the measurement and then the data can be transferred (see step 256) to another computer to edit the preliminary data. All of the steps described above can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art of computer-controlled control from the description given here using equipment manufactured by the industry.

 Turning now to FIG. 6, it shows a program for automatically switching measurement ranges to select the optimal signal shaper for each OMZ reading and to summarize the readings based on OMZ for OMZ. For each OMZ indication, a specific signal driver is selected, for example, by means of a control device 200 with a gain of 0-5B. Then, each OMZ characteristic is sent to the corresponding memory to summarize stages 202, 204, 206 and 208. Thus, if stage 202 shows that the signal S for this OMZ is greater than 5 B, the characteristic is tested on channel 0-10 B and summed using an adder 203, designed for 0-10 B. If 1 <S <5, stage 204 tests and sums the characteristic using the adder 205 by 0-5 B. If 0.5 <S <1, stage 206 tests and sums the characteristic using the adder 207 by 0-1 B. If 0.1 <S <0.5, step 208 tests and summarizes the characteristic using an adder 209; if less than 0.1, using the adder 211. After, for example, 256 mass scans are summed for each mass characteristic in the range of 2-300 results of the mass to charge ratio, computer 16 can summarize the OMZ characteristics for each OMZ in all scans and can generate a mass spectrogram of the type shown at 220 for each sample of volatile components of cumulative fluid inclusions. Mass spectrograms for the basic data of the automatic sampler and for the sample are also shown in simplified form under tions 132 and 136 respectively in FIG. 7 and 8.

 During operation, the controller 16 reads the output of the mass spectrometers 12 '256 times for about 10 seconds when a sample of volatile components is released from an individual rock sample to collect the full 256 OMZ spectrum from OMZ 2 to 300, i.e. 256 samples of OMZ 2-300 are performed for each sample of volatile components. The adder 213, for example, in the computer 16 summarizes 256 characteristics from each OMZ from the entire set of scans that accumulate. A 0-10 V signal from each mass spectrometer is sent to a group of five signal conditioners adjusted to different amplifications. The amplifiers of the 30 signal conditioners are calibrated using the standards of the National Bureau of Standards. The computer uses an automatic range switching program such as that shown in FIG. 6 to select the optimal signal driver for each OMZ scan.

 For each OMZ, after selecting the optimal signal shaper, collecting data, adding them as a whole for this OMZ and loading the results and the memory, the controller 16 excites the corresponding mass spectrometer system to proceed with the next OMZ. Then the computer reads the signal from the mass spectrometers in the configuration for sampling this OMZ, etc. until 256 OMZ scans are summarized. About 100 microseconds flow between each tested OMZ.

 Many mass spectrometers are used to test the OMZ range of interest in oil or gas exploration. Preferably, substantially all or at least preferred ranges, such as 2-60, 2-120, 2-180, 2-240, 2-300 and the like, are scanned multiple times when a sample of volatile components is released from each rock sample.

 For each rock sample, the summarized data from the first set of scans represent an analysis of the background gases in the system (see 130 of Fig. 7). These gases result from the fracture of aqueous minerals, as well as the release of volatile components adsorbed on the rocks, as well as residual gases remaining from previous samples. All rock samples, as well as the automatic sampler and the rest of the vacuum system, contribute to the background of the system.

 After the background is characterized, the computer sends a signal and controls the corresponding air piston one or more times to push the corresponding steel insert, thereby striking the sample (the flow time is shown in Fig. 7 by arrow 134). 256 new scans of OMZ 2-300 are initiated each time a rock sample is impacted or when a rock sample crumbles many times. Most fluid inclusions in the sample break / break as a result of this process and release their gases into the vacuum system. The sum of the second and subsequent sets of 256 scans represents an analysis of fluid inclusions plus a background, as shown under 136 in FIG. 7.

 Turning now to FIG. 8, it shows the stage of editing (reduction) of preliminary data, in which a portion of 132 background gas, characterized immediately before striking each rock sample, is subtracted from data 136 based on OMZ for OMZ for each sample of volatile components of total fluid inclusions plus background . This method is effective for discriminating inclusion gases from non-inclusion gases, so that the final record of volatile components represents inclusion gases.

This is a gas analysis, there is no carrier fluid. Analysis of each sample takes about 25 seconds. A short period of time, for example ninety seconds, may be allowed between samples for the system to pump out (release) as many released inclusion gases as possible. Many substances that are liquid at room temperature and pressure are gases at ultrahigh vacuum and 150 ^o C, such as water and gasoline hydrocarbons. However, very long chain hydrocarbons remain liquid even under these conditions and therefore are not typically analyzed.

 Mass spectrometry.

 Data from the composition used for stratigraphic mapping of the subterranean structure is preferably the result of mass spectrographic analyzes of the contents of the volatile components of fluid inclusions liberated in bulk from rock samples. A device and methods for quickly and efficiently obtaining samples of cumulative volatile components are described above.

 In a mass spectrometer, molecules in each bulk sample are ionized, accelerated, separated by OMZ and measured. Ionization is usually accompanied by partial fragmentation of molecules, which is characteristic of specific molecules and operating conditions. Although fragmentation complicates the interpretation, this fragment of molecular weight can come from different molecules, it also makes it possible to distinguish between isomers and provides information about the molecular structure. The output may be of different forms of OMZ depending on the records of the relative compositions of the mass spectrograms and the like.

 Although mass spectrometry is preferred, other methods, such as chromatographic (GC) and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC / MS), can be used for analysis.

 Compared to MS, GC and GC / MS analyzes are relatively slow, requiring an hour per sample. MS analyzes take only 24 seconds per sample with 90 second pumping time between samples. Stratigraphically and statistically large groups of data are needed when using fluid inclusions to help identify thin trap sites that have hydrocarbon pools and map the paths and barriers of hydrocarbon migration.

Mass spectrometry analyzes many gases that do not analyze GC and GC / MS. In particular, the diagnostics of surface nude paleozone gases, such as O ₂ , N ₂ , Ar, Ne, and Xe, are not analyzed by these other methods. This information may also be critical in underground correlation and reconstructions of underground histories. Other gases that are not typically analyzed by GC and GC / MS are CO ₂ and H ₂ , the two most common gases in fluid inclusions. Ammonia, sulfate, HCl (a possible indicator of salinity), methane and other light hydrocarbons, and H ₂ S are usually not analyzed. In some overlying basins, the only identifying components are methane, CO ₂ and H ₂ S, and H ₂ S is a useful indicator of pressure defects in some basins and a marker of stratigraphic correlation in others.

 Water inclusions may contain water-soluble hydrocarbons, which can be indicators of the proximity of oil. These inclusions would not be considered if fluid inclusion studies were limited to samples having large inclusions of common oil.

 MS also distinguishes non-inclusion gases from inclusion gases. Such discrimination is not possible using GC or GC / MS. Samples of fluid inclusions analyzed using the other named methods should be virtually absolutely clean in order to avoid the analysis of pollutants requiring significantly more sample preparation.

 One reason why previous fluid inclusion efforts were unsuccessful in creating significant and profitable subsurface exploration is because these efforts were often based on methods such as GC / MS and UV-laser fluorescence microscopy that are applicable only to a small number of samples and useful only for samples that have large and abundant oil inclusions. All samples contain fluid inclusions that can be analyzed using a mass spectrometer, and stratigraphic analyzes of the mass spectrum of fluid inclusions provide useful information regardless of the presence of abundant oil inclusions.

 The mass values of some of the fragments found in the analysis of fluid inclusions and the source molecule are given below.

 Signatures OMZ inorganic gases, gas-liquid inclusions, see below.

Inorganic gases OMZ signature
H 2
He 4
H ₂ O 18
CO ₂ 22.44
Ar 40
N ₂ 28.14
NH ₃ 17
CO 28
H ₂ S 34
O ₂ 32
SO (1-3) 48
Cos 60
CS ₂ 76
Ne 20, 22
HCl 35, 36, 37, 38
Xe 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134
The mass signatures of the organic gases of gas-liquid inclusions, see below.

Organic gases Mass signature
Methane 15
Ethan 30
Propane 44
Bhutan 58
Benzene 78
Toluene 91
Xylene 105
Triterpenes 191
Strany 217
Mass spectra for higher masses of organic compounds become very complex with many overlapping peaks of mass spectra, making it difficult and impossible to identify certain compounds with certainty. However, classes of organic compounds share common fragments.

 Signatures OMZ organic compounds of higher mass, see below.

Organic gases OMZ signature
Paraffins 57
Naphthenes 55
Scented 77
Toluene 91
Alkylated Naphthenes 97
In addition to these peaks (maxima), these hydrocarbon families tend to respond to every 14 mass numbers due to the repetition of CH ₂ in organic polymers.

Signatures OMZ organic compounds of higher mass with a repeating CH ₂ see below.

Organic Gases OMZ Signatures
Paraffins 57, 71, 85, 99, 113, 127, etc.

 Naphthenes 55, 69, 83, 97, 111, 125, etc.

 In the case of organic compounds with a higher mass, quantitative analyzes of individual compounds are not as important as the identification of characteristic regions or zones of composition of fluid inclusions (obtaining fingerprints of regions) using data on the composition of fluid inclusions. Such identification of areas below ground requires multiple samples from the corresponding multiple locations in the earth to characterize each area. After the inclusion class has given its fingerprints, its distribution in the ground can be mapped.

Turning now to FIG. 9, it shows the results of the analysis of the sample after the background of the automatic sampler is removed. In FIG. 10 shows the mass spectrum of the total sample, consisting of many peaks with different peaks of OMZ. This is not only the result of the presence of a large number of compounds in the inclusions, but also because the compounds decay or “crack” during ionization by electron bombardment in a mass spectrometer. For example, the molecular weight of water, H ₂ O, is 18. However, water has its own characteristic cracking pattern, leading to the participation of masses 17 (OH), 16 (O) and 2 (H ₂ ). CO ₂ main participation are 28 (CO), 16 (O) and 12 (C), as well as 22 (CO _{2 ++} ). Methane, CH ₄ , has a molecular weight of 16, and the main peak of methane is at 16, but water and CO ₂ also have a major participation of 16 in oxygen. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the methane content directly from mass 16, especially in a situation with a small amount of methane in the presence of large quantities of H ₂ O or CO ₂ . However, methane also has a peak at 15 (CH ₃ ), which is free from oxygen. Although higher alkanes also have their participation at 15, their participation in relation to this peak is insignificant, so 15 is considered pure, i.e. free from interference, methane peak.

 In FIG. Figure 9 also shows the appearance of peak repetition at approximately 14 OMZ as unit intervals. Such repeated peaks are not observed in the linear image in FIG. 10, but are useful for exploring underground formations (see example 1 below).

 FIG. 9, as said, is a logarithmic image of the prevalence of OMZ in a sample of cumulative fluid components resulting from the summation of a plurality of (256) OMZ scans of 2-300 for each sample. Logarithmic recording and multiple scanning of each sample facilitate identification of the prevalence of trace elements and compounds useful according to the invention for inclusion in the mapping of underground fractions.

This can be shown with reference to FIG. 10, which shows the data of FIG. 9, depicted using a linear scale. In FIG. 10 shows that OMZ at 16 (represents oxygen), 17 (represents ammonia NH ₃ ), 18 (represents H ₂ O), 14, 28 (represents N ₂ ), 22, 44 (represents CO ₂ ) are the most common inorganic volatiles components in sedimentary fluid inclusions. The methane peak at OMZ 15 and other small peaks of hydrocarbons can be seen in the image. It should be noted that according to the invention it is useful to use the non-linear, for example, logarithmic scale of OMZ data to enhance the characteristics of OMZ in molecular organic and inorganic volatile components relative to the more predominant components in fluid inclusions.

 According to a further feature of the invention, composition data resulting from an analysis of the volatile components of the cumulative fluid inclusions are depicted as a function of depth along a borehole in the ground. Since the composition data are heterogeneous fluid inclusions, OMZ can be selected as representing specific compounds of interest and depicted relative to another OMZ. Such images may be referred to as fluid inclusion composition logs.

 When comparing one or more types of molecules with one or more other types of molecules, such as A with B, it is preferable to determine the ratio A / (A + B). This provides a semi-quantitative assessment from well to well. A is normalized to B. Any A or B may represent one or more OMZ.

 Different images are useful for different purposes, as described in more detail below. In general, double images in which one OMZ or OMZ group is compared with another OMZ or OMZ group are useful for images of fluid inclusions. Such double images are useful as depicting the relative abundance of one or more compounds relative to one or more other compounds. Turning to FIG. 1, by measuring and integrating the pressure change during the release of volatile components, for example, using a pressure gauge P, the measurement of the absolute prevalence of different OMZ can also be obtained using the ideal gas law.

 Table 2 shows some useful binary images, however, many other samples of images of the relative or absolute abundances of elements and compounds in fluid inclusions can be used according to the invention. The use of mapping as an example is also shown in table 2, however, all measurements can be used as markers of chemical isolation in appropriate cases.

 Turning now to FIG. 12. It is provided here to illustrate a double depth logging image.

In FIG. 12 shows the change in mass 15 (methane) relative to the sum of masses 15 and 44 (methane plus CO ₂ ) as a function of location along the borehole. The reference to Table 2 above will indicate that this ratio indicates a change in methane abundance, especially methane abundance relative to CO ₂ , the most prevalent inorganic gas in fluid inclusions.

 Another useful triple image is a graph in which three OMZ or OMZ groups with respect to a plurality of fluid inclusion samples are depicted relative to each other. Useful triple images are shown below, however, many other shapes can be selected according to the image.

 Triple weight / mass / mass graphs.

Mass / Mass / Mass Compound / Compound / Compound
12/28/44 / N ₂ / CO ₂
91/97/15 Toluene / alkylated naphthan / methane
34/44/15 H ₂ S / CO ₂ / methane
Turning now to FIG. 11, it shows a triple image of the mass / mass / mass of samples of cumulative fluid inclusions along the borehole. Triple charts are useful, in particular, for recognizing chemical components or “fingerprints”, as they are easily recognizable visually. Side 180 represents the ratio of OMZ representing paraffins to OMZ representing toluene / paraffin / / paraffin plus toluene /; side 182 represents the ratio of OMZ representing methane to OMZ representing methane plus toluene; and side 184 represents the ratio of OMZ representing methane to OMZ representing methane plus paraffins.

 Each of the symbols 186, 188 represents a sample at a depth along the borehole of the location of the components of methane, paraffin, toluene relative to the prevalence in the image on a triple graph.

 Symbols 186 indicate groupings shown by dashed lines 190 having characteristic detectable ranges on a ternary graph, while symbols 188 represent groupings shown by dashed lines on a ternary graph shown by dashed lines 192.

 Group 188 differs in its triple range from group 192. Group 188 is associated with a deeper formation adjacent to the borehole whose levels are being investigated, and group 192 is associated with smaller levels. Thus, groups 188 and 192 represent areas of characteristic inclusions of different chemical compositions underground and point to different geological histories in relation to the two areas.

 Once such groups have been identified based on multiple samples of volatile components from multiple locations in one or more wells in the area, the groups can be mapped for distribution in the ground, for example, as a function of extent over depth or area, or both at the same time. In addition, the respective groups can be identified in other wells in the area and are used as indicators of chemical components from well to well by area. This is referred to herein as mapping the extent of the zones below ground, with each zone having a characteristic inclusion composition and each zone based on multiple samples of volatile components from multiple locations.

 Zones having characteristic compositions of fluid inclusions can be identified using different images when changing the composition of the inclusion as a function of location in the ground. Such zones can be identified by using double, triple or other graphs showing the change in the composition of the inclusion from a variety of samples of fluid inclusions taken from multiple locations in the earth.

 In a double plot, each zone can be recognized by considering depth intervals in the subterranean formation characterized by the relative prevalence or lack of prevalence of one or more elements or compounds of interest. The sequence of zones, such as a function of depth, is also important and useful in the mating regions from well to well across the field or basin. For example, if a characteristic pattern of alternating areas such as the prevalence or lack of prevalence of a compound occurs across the field, this indicates a shared sequence of geological history across the field. Alternatively, if part of the recording sample is repeated from well to well and the other part is not repeated, this indicates that there is a shared history before or after some geological event, such as a discharge, which can often be identified and used in oil and gas exploration. Finally, if no part of the recording sample is shared with two or more wells, this indicates different formation histories.

 Mapping on inclusions of underground formations shows that different parts of the same geological formation often have regions of inclusions of very different compositions that are useful for oil and gas exploration (see Example VI below). In addition, mapping the composition of the inclusion can show common patterns across different formations, such as hydrocarbon migration. Therefore, the mapping of fluid (gas-liquid) inclusions underground provides very important information for oil and gas exploration, which is not provided by traditional stratigraphic information indicating which areas in the formation or across formations jointly participated in events in geological history.

 Once areas of characteristic fluid inclusions underground have been identified, such areas can be used as stratigraphic temporary markers of different fluid environments. Such temporary markers can divide across the geological formation in the same or different historical periods (ages).

 Three distinguishing features of the invention are shown in Examples I-IV below, representing single well assays using the invention.

 To summarize Examples I-IV, analyzes of fluid inclusions in drill cuttings from one well indicate hydrocarbon migration zones, indicate the presence of a bridge, limit the timing of hydrocarbon migration, form two horizons of stratigraphic time markers that are useful on a local scale, and illustrate two horizons of widely occurring stratigraphic fluid inclusions that may be useful internationally.

 Examples I-IV present the result of an analysis in accordance with the invention of 90 samples of drill cuttings within 3.5 hours.

 Example I jumpers and hydrocarbon migration zones.

The interaction of the fluid and the rock that is of most interest for oil and gas exploration is hydrocarbon migration. In FIG. 12 is an example of a typical fluid inclusion log showing depth with respect to some aspect of the composition of the fluid inclusion, in this case, the prevalence of methane, especially methane to CO ₂ , i.e. methane / (methane + CO ₂ ). This ratio is multiplied by 100 and is therefore plotted as a percentage. The highest possible value along the X axis in the graph of this example will be 100 and the lowest 0. This graph contains a lot of information about the migration of hydrocarbons in the rocks drilled by the well. Methane and carbon dioxide are the two most common gases underground. Moreover, methane is the most reduced compound, and CO _{2 the} most oxidized compound. Compared to water, CO ₂ is the next most common compound of inclusions underground, but easier to analyze. Therefore, the ratio of CH ₄ to CO ₂ gives a relative assumption about the prevalence of methane underground, which can also be used to compare different wells in the zone.

Very high methane values with respect to CO _{2 were} found at altitudes from 14,500 to 17,000 feet, as indicated by numeral 150. The presence of methane and other hydrocarbons in the inclusions in this section of the rock indicates that the phase of the flowing hydrocarbons migrated to these rocks, some of which were captured like fluid inclusions. As indicated by numeral 152, there is a very low methane area between 13,000 and 14,500 feet. The lack of hydrocarbon inclusions in the rock section 152, immediately overlapping zone 150, suggests that zone 152 is a jumper. This interpretation, based on these inclusions, is supported by the fact that only the gas presence appeared in this well and occurred in zone 150, which has methane-rich inclusions, indicates the capture of hydrocarbons by zone 152. The gas presence, of course, indicates the fluids of the porous system, and not about inclusion fluids. An intermediate value of methane / (methane + CO ₂ ) is between 3000 and 13000 feet, indicated by numeral 154. The methane content in the area 156 from the surface of the earth to about 3000 feet is very low.

 The intermediate methane content of inclusions in zone 154 between 3,000 and 13,000 feet indicates hydrocarbon migration to these depths, as well as in zone 150 between 15,000 and 17,000 feet. The lack of a significant amount of methane in zone 156 between the surface of the earth and 3,000 feet says that hydrocarbons did not migrate through this zone. A 3,000-foot gap between zones 154 and 156 corresponds to the Cambrian-Pre-Cambrian stratigraphic disagreement. Sandstones have been discovered on both sides of this stratigraphic disagreement and there is no petrophysical evidence that this surface is a jumper. Taken together, these data suggest that hydrocarbon migration, at least through zone 154, between about 3,000 and 13,000 feet, occurred before the Cambrian sands precipitated in zone 156.

 Turning now to FIG. 13, it shows a mass spectrum of volatile components of cumulative inclusions at a depth of 16,000 feet. in the well shown in FIG. 12. Hydrocarbons that are observed are at least far from the gasoline range. Since inclusion gases are subjected to the same thermal stresses acting in an open porous system, non-gasoline hydrocarbons are observed, indicating the absence of thermal cracking, and the data in FIG. 13 indicate that the rocks in zone 150 did not reach catagenetic or destructive temperatures. It should be noted that this interpretation would be difficult or impossible using such an image as in FIG. ten.

 Example II subaerial nude zones.

 The paleo-upper zones and therefore pale-exposed zones can be quickly identified using automatic analyzes of the volatile components of fluid inclusions in accordance with the invention. Sediments of the upper zone include all sediments above the water horizon during the formation of minerals. The pores in the sediment in the upper zone are occupied by a mixture of atmospheric air and water.

 Paleo-upper zones are usually recognized through a combination of petrology and chemical stratiography of stable isotopes. The carbonates that form the upper zones have characteristic cements called “meniscus” and “suspension”. The petrographic identification of these cements is positive evidence of a paleo-upper environment.

 The upper zones also have characteristic light isotopic carbon signatures. The isotopically light carbon found in the upper zone comes from rotting vegetation. These data are used to determine the paleo-upper zones. Although these methods may be specific, they are time consuming and include the preparation of a significant sample.

 Cements that form around and between minerals in the upper zone capture variable amounts of air and water into fluid inclusions. The petrographic identification of inclusions having variable amounts of air and water can therefore also be used to identify pale-upper zones. However, this method also consumes a lot of time and requires the preparation of a significant sample of the sample.

 A quick way to identify the paleo-upper zones is represented by automatic analyzes of volatile components in fluid inclusions according to the invention.

The inclusions that form the upper enclosing rocks capture small amounts of air. A characteristic gas in the air that is not found in the underground environment is molecular oxygen, argon, xenon, and the like, i.e., O ₂ , Ar, Xe. The automatic sampler / mass spectrometer system of the invention quickly identifies these samples that contain these molecules in the inclusions. The upper zones that have been identified in this way, i.e. based on the presence of oxygen, argon or xenon in fluid inclusions, were confirmed by petrographic and isotopic studies.

 Documentation of the paleo-upper zones is important in the exploration of oil and gas, as it documents paleo-exposed zones. A regional study of paleo-outcrops can give delimitation (delimitation) of the coastal lines, as well as paleotopography, since the water horizons follow the topography. The knowledge of paleotopography can be used for exploration of hydrocarbon pools along dissenting beds. Further, pale-exposed zones are often either zones of increasing porosity or zones of destruction of porosity. Zones of increasing porosity are potential pools, and zones of destruction of porosity are potential bridges. Therefore, the method for quick and easy identification of paleo-exposed zones underground provides a great advantage to oil and gas scouts.

 Turning now to FIG. 14, it shows the change in argon content in the mass ratio of inclusions 40/41 + 40 as a function of depth. Argon has a mass of 40 and is sometimes masked by the presence of adjacent hydrocarbon fragments. Therefore, one of these fragments, such as the ratio of 41 OMZ fragments, is selected for comparison to remove to some extent the effects of hydrocarbons from the argon reaction at 40. Two positive anomalies should be noted: zone 158 between 13000 and 15000 feet and zone 160 between 8500 and 9500 feet. These zones also show a high prevalence of nitrogen and molecular oxygen (logging not shown). Molecular oxygen is a gas found only on the surface of the earth, and as such is a direct indicator of subaerial exposure. Nitrogen is the most common atmospheric gas and argon is a diagnostic labeled atmospheric gas. The contents of dissolved argon, nitrogen, and oxygen in surface waters are very low, especially when compared to atmospheric contents. These two argon-rich inclusion zones are therefore considered indicators of paleosubaeral exposed surfaces. The lower exposed zone 158 corresponds to the hydrocarbon jumper (zone 152) shown in FIG. 12. Therefore, this surface is shown as an insulating exposed zone. Zone 160 of argon-rich inclusions at a depth of about 9,000 feet has a methane content that differs slightly from the stratigraphically higher and lower precambrian sands (see FIG. 12). This zone is shown as a non-insulating bare zone.

 Independent confirmation that has been obtained indicates that zones 158 and 160 are subaerial exposed surfaces. The lower zone 158 consists of red fine-grained sandstone with a predominance of mud sediments in it. The red color of this sandstone indicates oxidized nature, consistent with the exposed zone. The fine-grained nature of this sandstone is also consistent with the isolation hypothesis. The core from the upper zone 160 was investigated and described as an ash sequence, which by definition is a subaerial exposed zone. If these exposed zones in the transverse direction are extended, then the signature of their inclusions forms a stratigraphic time marker in the pool.

 Example III is a stratigraphic marker of Cambrian / Pre-Cambrian and consonant bedding.

Turning now to FIG. 15, it shows a change in nitrogen content with respect to CO ₂ in the well. A gap or transition between the two zones is indicated at 162 at a depth of about 3,000 feet in the Cambrian-Pre-Cambrian dissenting formation. Pre-Cambrian rocks in the zone below fracture 162 are enriched with nitrogen compared to Cambrian rocks above fracture 164. This behavior is repeatedly detected in Paleozoic-Precambrian unconformal formations. In FIG. 16 shows the same sample in another well under numeral 164.

 Analysis of gas-liquid inclusions in drill cuttings indicates a Paleozoic-Precambrian unconformable bedding based on nitrogen content: Precambrian sediments have nitrogen-rich inclusions, and Paleozoic inclusions are nitrogen-depleted and therefore form a Precambrian stratigraphic marker. Without limiting the invention, this hypothetical sample should be caused by an explosion of life at the beginning of the pleozoic. The accumulation of extremely large amounts of boimass led to the removal of nitrogen from the atmosphere and, consequently, to a decrease in dissolved nitrogen in the waters trapped in fluid inclusions. This could be a global stratigraphic horizon.

 Example IV Pre-Cambrian stratigraphic marker helium.

 In FIG. 17 shows the change in the helium content of inclusions in the well. Helium measurement underground is achieved by using the 4/4 + 2 ratio. Helium and deuterium both contribute to a peak at 4, but only hydrogen contributes to a peak at 2. The prevalence of deuterium varies with the prevalence of hydrogen. Therefore, the 4/4 + 2 ratio can be used to eliminate to some extent the effect of deuterium on the peak at 4. It should be noted that the helium content increases very rapidly in the 166 zone below 13,000 feet. Similar changes are occurring in the wells that were tested in relation to the upper Pre-Cambrian formation in other wells of the world. Helium content of this magnitude was not observed in analyzes of younger breeds. In younger rocks that have helium in some inclusions, such stratigraphically thick helium-enriched sections were not observed. Detailed petrographic analyzes of sandstones from the well do not show noticeable petrographic changes close to a sharp increase in helium content. Red sandstones with hematite cement are located above and below this helium transition. Therefore, this helium marker is a precambrian stratigraphic temporary marker.

 Without limiting the invention, this change in the helium content of fluid inclusions is contemplated as a result of a change in the oxidation states of the earth's atmosphere. Helium-rich inclusions are thought to form in sedimentary rocks that settled at a time when the earth's atmosphere was sufficiently restored, so that the valence state of uranium was such as to make it relatively insoluble in water. Under these conditions, uranium would have to settle as a scattering of supporting rocks. Uranium, altered by the initial sediment, could form helium over time as a result of radioactive decay. This helium could be captured when fluid inclusions were once released, or if small amounts of uranium were captured as solid inclusions, helium could be captured by the same inclusion. Under more oxidizing atmospheric conditions, uranium could dissolve in water and would not settle like a scattering of supporting rocks. Therefore, helium-rich inclusions are not expected.

 Example V trap identification and migration.

 This example illustrates the use of stratigraphy of gas-liquid inclusions to identify trapping and non-trapping traps (here, a “trap” is a cavity in a formation for oil and gas accumulation due to the presence of a discharge of a comment by a translator).

 Turning now to FIG. 18, there is shown a well 350 for testing a simple trap. As shown, the well has transverse traps A and B (shown by arrows 352 showing the relative motion of different rocks 354), dropping oil trapped in reservoirs R reaching trap A. It is not known whether trap A is a trapping trap.

 Turning now to FIG. 21, it shows an image of a log 356 of the prevalence of paraffins in fluid inclusions as a function of the depth of an adjacent borehole 350. The invention of the log is smoothed and generalized to simplify.

 Between traps A and B, curve 356 indicates that there is a relatively high paraffin zone. A return to low paraffin levels above trap A indicates that trap A is an exciting trap. A return to low paraffins below trap B indicates that trap B may be a migration path along which oil migrated to trap R.

 Example VI is difficult to distinguish stratigraphic traps.

This example shows that stratigraphy of gas-liquid inclusions can be used to locate hard-to-see stratigraphic traps in a formation. FIG. 20 is a contour map of the structure of the topographic top of the production formation. Productive wells NN 3, 4, and 5 are located in the area. Triple graphs showing changes in fluid inclusion compositions in different wells and around the field in FIG. 20 are shown in FIG. 22. These triple plots show relative mass changes of 15 (methane), 44 (CO ₂ ) and 41 (oil fragment). The intensity of the mass 41 is multiplied by a factor of 10 before plotting. It should be noted that all production wells N 3, N 4, N 5 in the field show very similar fluid inclusion compositions. Well 6, which is inconclusive in fall, shows compositions of fluid inclusions, which are also very similar to those in the field. Wells N 1, N 2 for rising the barrier to the hydrocarbon migration line 238 have inclusion compositions that are clearly different from the inclusion compositions of production wells N 3, N 4, N 5 in the field, but are similar to each other. One of these two wells supplied water to the oil.

 The field could be discovered by using fluid inclusion analyzes of the three inconclusive wells mentioned above. The similarity of data on inclusions in wells N 1 and N 2 does not create confidence in the continuation of exploration of subsoil in them. However, a noticeable difference in the composition of inclusions in the field between two wells and well No. 6 shows some type of underground chemical isolation, indicating the possibility of a trap, which indicates a difference between these types of wells. Unlike well N 6, exploration of wells N 1 and N 2 led to the discovery of the field.

Turning now to FIG. 21, it shows the percentage of CO ₂ to CO ₂ plus methane in inclusions in wells N 1 to N 6. Wells N 1 and N 2 are similar to each other, but differ from wells N 3, N 4, N 5, which semi-similar, and from well N 6. If during the time before the discovery of the field, wells N 1, N 2 and N 6 were drilled and recognized as unproductive (as shown by the dotted line in Fig. 21), analysis of fluid inclusions according to the invention showed that the potential trap existed as a difference between the wells based on contrasting CO ₂ content in incl cheniyah. Subsequent drilling of wells N 2 and N 6 led to the discovery of a field in well N 2.

 In FIG. 23 shows triple plots of FIG. 22 depicted relative to a formation map 15a.

 Example VII stratigraphy of fluid (gas-liquid) inclusions.

 Thirty completed wells were analyzed in the zone. Repeated stratigraphy of fluid inclusions, i.e. different zones having characteristic compositions of fluid inclusions were visible in many of these wells. For example, by considering the change in paraffins relative to methane, the zones with low paraffin content turned out to be shallow and deep, while the zone with the predominant paraffins appeared at intermediate depths. The paraffin-rich zone was several thousand feet thick. Porous sands were generally located in, above and below these zones, rich in paraffins. Thus, paraffin-rich zones did not coincide with normal stratigraphy from well to well. The upper parts and lower parts of these paraffin-rich zones were usually limited by discharges. In wells with signs of oil, the zones of oil inclusion were located thousands of feet below the deepest reported sign of oil.

The similarity of these samples of inclusions in general from well to well indicates a general genetic process. The lower part of these zones is defined as the marker of the basal hydrocarbon migration path in this well and the upper part
as a barrier label for hydrocarbon migration. It is assumed that vertical migration can occur within these zones.

 Preliminary data show that the trajectory of basal migration becomes smaller both east and west of the field. These data suggest that specific rock discharge systems may be the main paths in the field. The basal migration trajectory can be used to predict the maximum productive depth in the zone.

 Example VIII determination of the direction of accumulations of oil by measuring diffused aromatic hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions.

 All of the various distinguishing features of the invention relate to at least partially stratigraphic mapping of subterranean formations using data on the composition of volatile components of cumulative fluid inclusions. Heterogeneous gas mixtures have been shown to be a fashionable tool for mapping and interpreting an underground formation, a tool that allows you to map chemical concentrations regardless of knowledge of the geological structure underground, which greatly facilitates the interpretation of the geological structure.

 Aromatic hydrocarbons are known for their ability to diffuse outward from oil accumulations forming a gradient with respect to the content. Fluid inclusions are formed on an available basis. This suggests that the measurement of aromatic hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions can be used to identify the direction of accumulation of oil.

With respect to the analysis of a known oil accumulation using the invention, the ratios of toluene to toluene plus CO _{2 were} determined (representing the prevalence of toluene). The resulting data show an increase in the ratio of toluene // toluene plus CO ₂ / in the direction of the accumulation of oil.

 This example shows the usefulness of the invention for identifying the direction of oil accumulations.

 Example IX detection of a trap and a pool based on the composition of gas-liquid inclusions.

 This example shows the use of gas-liquid inclusion composition zones for mapping specific fields.

 Data on the composition of gas-liquid inclusions obtained from core samples and drill cuttings from five wells in the zone were used to map the field in accordance with the present invention.

A detailed measurement of core samples (one sample per foot) from productive and non-productive pressure reservoirs makes it possible to graph the data on the composition of gas-liquid inclusions, where changes in lithology and porosity are well known. Turning to FIG. 24, there is shown a ternary graph according to the invention of CO ₂ / CH ₄ / H ₂ S showing samples of characteristic compositions in porous sandstones, shales and non-porous sandstones.

In FIG. 25 is a triple graph of CO ₂ / CH ₄ / H ₂ S showing characteristic compositions of inclusions in productive and non-productive pressures. These data indicate an adequate chemical concentration of fluid inclusions in relation to the use of fluid inclusion analysis in this field to distinguish between these geological features.

Turning now to FIG. 26, it shows a log image according to the invention of H ₂ S (normalized to CO ₂ ) as a function of depth. Areas with a high content of H ₂ S 270, 272, 274 were found in thrust beds with good features or productive gas pools. H ₂ S graphs do not distinguish between economic and non-economic gas accumulations in this field.

Turning now to FIG. 27, it shows the change in the ratio of CO ₂ / CO ₂ plus CH ₄ in the well. Anomalies of CO ₂ in 276, 278, 280, 284 are negative in the intervals of sandstones containing porous zones. By identifying by raising the porous zones, new zones were identified for testing. This shows the use of the invention to locate porosity zones.

 Turning now to FIG. 28, it shows changes in the ratio of helium // helium plus hydrogen /. Positive helium anomalies in 286, 288, 290, 292, and 294 were detected by comparison with seismic data that appear in the zones of basin traps. This shows the use of the invention to facilitate the identification of pressure zones.

 Positive helium anomalies occurring in the zones of the basin traps occur regardless of whether the field traps are productive or not.

 This example shows that in relation to this deposit, anomalies of hydrogen sulfide occur in productive layers, anomalies of carbon dioxide occur in porous sandstones and anomalies of helium occur in overburden salts.

 These characteristic fluid inclusion signatures can be used to map these zones in other wells in the field and can be generalized to other fields.

 Example X mapping structural features based on data on the composition of gas-liquid inclusions.

 This example shows the use of gas-liquid inclusion composition zones to identify structural features in a field.

 Seven wells in the study area were selected for analysis and triple plots of different elements were made to distinguish from each other the ascending platform, descending lagoon limestone and porous rock (filled with gas or water).

 Fluid inclusions in the rocks of the ascending platform have relatively high methane saturations.

 Fluid inclusions in inclined facies filled with bitumen can easily be distinguished by enrichment with toluene and hydrogen sulfide.

 Fluid inclusions in lagoon limestones are rich in carbon dioxide and poor in methane.

 Fluid inclusions in late stage calcite are poor in methane and rich in hydrogen sulfide or HCl plus (more salt).

 Using these characteristic compositions, the field can be mapped as a function of the identified zones.

 During the implementation of the invention in its various aspects, many problems were solved.

 The system was developed for individual crushing and analysis of the content of inclusions of multiple samples. The crushing of samples is carried out in a continuously maintained vacuum to speed up processing and to ensure that newly released volatile components are absorbed as little as possible by the surfaces formed during crushing. A tool has been developed for holding multiple samples isolated from each other during crumbling of each of them separately under vacuum. For efficiency, the system is designed to use fewer crushing means for crumbling samples than the number of samples, and also a means for moving samples to crumbling positions. The system is robust enough for reuse. Released volatile components are quickly transferred to the analyzer to obtain an adequate record of most of the elements and compounds present for mapping the zones of chemical inclusions of the underground formation. The analytical instruments themselves were designed to detect low trace amounts of elements and compounds present in fluid inclusions, which, as shown above, offer many advantages to oil and gas scouts. Large amounts of resulting composition data are loaded into memory in a searchable form. The resulting data, representing heterogeneous mixtures of elements and compounds liberated from numerous inclusions in each sample, are processed and interpreted, and different images in depth and aerial location were formed to facilitate the interpretation and use of the data.

 The use of the invention in its various aspects makes it possible to analyze and interpret the compositions of fluid inclusions in three dimensions in the earth formation, i.e. in vertical and horizontal directions. The stratigraphy of gas-liquid inclusions of sedimentation formations was associated with difficulties in obtaining adequate data regarding the numerous microscopic (typically less than 10 microns) fluid inclusions present that other developers had not tried to seriously solve or consider.

 The use of mapping chemical compositions of gas-liquid inclusions of underground formations provides mapping of oil / gas migration paths, setting time limits for oil / gas migration, demonstrating many episodes of oil and gas migration, location of jumpers (barriers), location of traps, demonstrating fluid migration along traps, the location of disagreements, the location of pale exposed surfaces (pale upper zones), prediction of thermal exposure (maturation katogenez hydrocarbons) and creation time horizons (stratigraphic time markers) in various sediments. Many other benefits can be gained.

 Fluid inclusion stratigraphy according to the invention is a high-speed method based on the analysis of hundreds or thousands of samples per day of the composition of volatile components of fluid inclusions. This speed and ease of data acquisition makes this type of research possible.

 The invention is described in the form of preferred embodiments and specific applications, but it is not limited to this, but is limited only by the claims appended here and covers the entire range of equivalent technical solutions allowed by law.

Claims (11)

 1. The method of geochemical searches for accumulations of oil and gas, including drilling wells, sampling rocks, their degassing, followed by analysis of the extracted gas on a mass spectrometer for the content of carbon dioxide, methane and heavy hydrocarbons and judging by the data obtained on the presence of accumulations of oil and gas, characterized in that sedimentary rock samples are taken, a sample of the total volatile components of gas-liquid inclusions is sequentially released from each individual rock sample by means of a sequential and individual impact for each individual rock sample, the resulting sample of the total volatile components of gas-liquid inclusions is additionally analyzed for the content of oxygen, nitrogen, argon, neon, xenon, helium, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and hydrogen chloride, according to the results of the analysis, zones characterized by the relative prevalence of gases are distinguished, and groups of paleo-atmospheric gases, inorganic gases and organic compounds, a map of the location of the selected zones and the distribution of the selected components of the selected groups are used to determine the presence of structural elements characterizing the accumulation of oil and gas by their values.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the group of paleo-atmospheric gases includes oxygen, nitrogen, neon, argon, xenon and carbon dioxide, the group of inorganic gases include helium, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and hydrogen chloride, and the group of organic compounds include methane and heavy water soluble hydrocarbons.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the background composition of the total volatile components in the evacuated chamber before hitting the sample and the composition of the total volatile components in the evacuated chamber after hitting the sample are analyzed on a mass spectrometer.  4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they carry out preliminary mathematical processing of the results of the analysis of the composition of the total volatile components of gas-liquid inclusions by subtracting from the concentration values of the total volatile components present in the evacuated chamber after hitting the sample, the background concentrations of the total volatile components, present in the evacuated chamber before hitting the sample.  5. A device for analyzing the composition of samples of volatile components of gas-liquid inclusions contained inside rock samples, containing a mass spectrometer connected to an evacuated chamber with a striker equipped with a drive located outside the chamber, characterized in that the device further comprises a control unit, at least one mass spectrometers, at least one striker, a carousel sample holder, carrying on the upper surface at least two concentrically arranged series of cells for placement of samples in them, and a device for moving the holder relative to the strikers, while the control unit is connected in feedback with the drives of the strikers, the device for moving the sample holder and mass spectrometers, and the control unit is configured to determine the composition of the total volatile components in the evacuated chamber by acting on at least two mass spectrometers determination of the mass to charge ratio (OMZ) as a characteristic of the composition of the total volatile components of gas-liquid inclusions.  6. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that at least one of the mass spectrometers is configured to determine the most common OMZ, characterizing the content of at least carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen, and the second mass spectrometer is configured to determine the remaining OMZ, presented in the analyzed samples.  7. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the mass spectrometer contains a number of signal conditioners with different input ranges and means for selecting a signal conditioner for each value of OMZ.  8. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that it contains a group of mass spectrometers made with the possibility of measuring the values of OMZ in the range from 2 to 60.  9. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that it contains a group of mass spectrometers made with the possibility of measuring OMZ values in the range from 2 to 120.  10. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that it contains a group of mass spectrometers made with the possibility of measuring OMZ values in the range from 2 to 300.  11. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that each mass spectrometer contains a number of signal conditioners, each row generating an output signal in one of a series of amplitude ranges for each specific value of OMZ measured by this mass spectrometer, an analog-to-digital converter, connected to a number of signal generators from analog to digital, a computer for receiving digitized OMZ signals and for summing each OMZ in the corresponding memory area for OMZ based on OMZ for multiple scans and with COROLLARY recording the total number of signals as a function OMZ OMZ during multiple scanning.

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