RU2084256C1 - Training-modelling apparatus for sportsman - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: training equipment for wrestlers in classical and free styles. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has controlled mannequin, sensor unit and force setters, which set force during effectuating of wrestling processes and combination of them, units for measuring and representing of biomechanical and medical-biological characteristics of processes, which form feedbacks in the "training apparatus-sportsman" system. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 3 dwg , 1 tbl

Description

 The proposed simulator is designed to train highly qualified athletes in simulated specific conditions of a real wrestling match.

 A device for training wrestlers is known, containing a mannequin consisting of two pivotally mounted parts mounted one above the other by means of a kinematic pair, the links of which are fixed on the corresponding parts of the mannequin, while the movable link of the kinematic pair is connected to the drive, the fixed link of the kinematic pair is made in the form of a closed core an electromagnet mounted in the lower part of the manikin, and movable in the form of a coil of one of its windings, mounted in the upper part of the manikin first at the top of the dummy core portion is arcuate with the geometric center of the arc on the pivot shaft to allow free movement of the windings of the coil spring cushioning and carries. The known device allows you to simulate the attacking actions of an opponent and work out protective actions against him.

 The known device operates as follows. A trained athlete grabs the mannequin by the moving upper part, after which a current is passed through the electromagnet windings so that the same named magnetic poles appear on the side surfaces of the fixed windings directed to the movable winding. At the same time, the current passing through the movable winding causes the appearance of opposite poles on its lateral surfaces. As a result, the movable winding begins to move to one of the stationary ones. The indicated movement continues until it stops with a shock spring. Together with the movable winding, the upper part of the dummy’s body moves, and with it the athlete who has captured it. Thus, a change in the mutual orientation of the upper and lower parts of the dummy’s body, simulating the execution of an active attacking movement, tells the body of the training athlete the movement characteristic of the throw carried out against him and creates the conditions for training protective actions.

 The disadvantages of the known device include the following.

 1. Imitation of an active attacking movement by changing the mutual orientation of the upper and lower parts of the dummy’s body can be carried out only in one (lateral) plane (left to right), which, of course, is insufficient and differs from the opponent’s actual movement (action).

 2. The movement of the moving part of the mannequin is controlled manually, without the possibility of programming the amplitude and power of the simulated attacking movement.

3. There is no possibility of measuring the energy expended by the trainee (work) and the efforts being developed, that is, there are no feedbacks in the "simulator-athlete."
A device for training athletes is also known, comprising a bar mounted on racks and a mannequin with adjustable limbs connected to it via a belt, and means for reciprocating, rotational and radial movement of the bar, including a spring-loaded latch with grips, a spring-loaded U-shaped lever, an additional rack, software unit and control panel. The means for reciprocating and rotational movement of the rod is made in the form of solenoids and electromagnets fixed on the rack, and the means for radial movement of the rod in the form of drive kinematic pairs mounted on an additional drain, made in the form of mutually perpendicular rods freely installed on the rod, each of which ends carries screw pairs, the drive is made in the form of electric motors interacting with screw pairs, and the spring-loaded clamp has solenoids connected to the end ami captures.

 The known device operates as follows.

 The mannequin is installed in working position. Having installed the mannequin maneuvering program, the trainer presses the "Start" button on the control panel. Through means for reciprocating, rotational and radial movement of the bar, the mannequin can perform the following movements: moving forward backward (attacking and retreating movements), moving right, left, up down, going, jumping and squatting, tilting left and right.

 The disadvantages of the known device include the following.

 1. The large bulkiness and lack of reliability of the device in operation, due to the large number of mechanical joints, screw pairs, solenoids of electromagnets, etc. For the same reasons, the operation of such a device must inevitably be accompanied by significant noise interfering with the athletes.

 2. In the mannequin movements control unit, there are no feedbacks in the "athlete simulator" system, which does not allow for reliable, flexible change (regulation) of mannequin movements both in amplitude and in developed efforts, power, etc.

 3. There is no possibility of operational (automatic) control over the tolerance of the physical loads created by the device created by the trainee, and there is no possibility of measuring and recording the efforts and power developed by the athlete when interacting with the dummy.

 The known device is closest in its technical solution to the proposed one. Therefore, we took it as a prototype.

 The aim of the proposed training device is to increase the effectiveness of training for wrestlers by creating (simulating) the opposing opposing forces specific for a wrestling match, capturing the moment and gripping force, introducing biological feedback in the simulator-athlete system, as well as through training training semiautomatic control (programming) modes.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed training device has (see Fig. 1): 1 mannequin imitating a rival wrestler, made of elastic material and having a metal base-pad (see Fig. 2,3) 2 electromagnets, on the upper part of which is installed mannequin 1; 3 strain gauge force grab manikin training wrestler, built into the side surface of the manikin; 4 setter forces on the mannequin in the frontal direction, made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder; 5 - setter forces on a mannequin in the vertical direction, also made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder; 6, 7 membrane sensors of the force exerted by the training fighter on the mannequin in the vertical direction (up-sensor -6, down-sensor-7); 8 membrane force sensor applied to the mannequin in the frontal direction; 9 loading element for the hands of a training wrestler, made in the form of a manual ergometer having two drive handles and a body; 10 photometric sensor of the rate of rotation of the handles of the ergometer-9; 11 force adjuster on the handles of the ergometer 9, made in the form of an electromagnetic coupling, the resistance value of which is regulated by changing the current in the excitation winding of the electromagnetic coupling, with the possibility of installing the handle and the body of the ergometer in different predetermined positions in height relative to the mannequin, for example: "at the level of the hips" , "at chest level", "at shoulder level"; 12 - membrane sensor of the magnitude of the force exerted by the trainee to the handles of the ergometer 9; 13 control unit for pressure in hydraulic cylinders 4, 5, 11; 14 a block for converting signals from sensors 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, made in the form of a multi-channel ADC interface; 15 information display unit, made in the form of a digital display with a printer; 16 personal computer for controlling the elements of the training device; 17 remote control; 18 block removal of emergency and blood pressure.

 In this case, the mannequin body 1 due to electromagnetic force is connected by its metal base to the core of the electromagnet 2, the input (winding) of which is electrically connected to the first output of the computer 16, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the display unit 15, and the third to the input of the hydraulic cylinder control unit 13 the first output of which is connected to the input of the hydraulic cylinder 4, the second output of block 13 is connected to the input of the hydraulic cylinder 5, and the third output to the input of the hydraulic cylinder 11, the output of which is connected to the input of the load element 9, the first the output of the force adjuster 4 is connected to the base of the dummy 1, the second output of the adjuster 4 is connected to the input of the sensor 8, the output of which is connected to the first input of the measuring unit 14, the first output of the force adjuster 5 is connected to the base of the dummy 1, the second output of the adjuster 5 is connected to the input of the force sensor 6, the output of which is connected to the third input of unit 14, the output of the load element 9 is connected to the input of the force sensor 12, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the unit 14, the second output of the setter 5 is connected to the input of the force sensor 7, the output of which is connected with the second input of block 14, the input of the photosensor 10 is connected to the output of the load element 9, and the output of the photosensor-10 is connected to the fifth input of the block 14, the sixth input of which is connected to the output of the force sensor 3 mounted in the side surface of the mannequin-1 body, the output of block 14 connected to the second input by the display unit 15, the fourth output of the computer 16 is connected to the seventh input of the unit 14, the second input of the computer 16 is connected to the output of the control panel 17, and the third to the output of the block 18.

 The proposed simulator works as follows.

где:
ЧП частота пульса (уд/мин);
СД/ДД артериальное давление крови (ед. рт. ст.);
В возраст тренирующегося (лет);
MT масса тела (или вес) (кг);
P рост (см).After the greatest warm-up of a wrestler, his functional status index IFS is calculated using the following algorithm:

Where:
PE heart rate (bpm);
DM / DD arterial blood pressure (units of mercury);
In the age of the trainee (years);
MT body weight (or weight) (kg);
P height (cm).

 Depending on the obtained value of the IFS index, the computer gives out the permissible training modes (programs) of this athlete. The table shows the 5 main training modes chosen by the coach and the athlete depending on the current functional state of the wrestler (i.e., the value of the IFS).

 Then, depending on the IFC value, the set resistance force on the ergometer handles 9 is set using the electromagnetic clutch 11. The resistance forces on the ergometer handles are set to 20, 40, 60, 80% of the maximum. At the same time, the value of this resistance force, depending on whether the athlete copes or fails with the given training program, automatically decreases or increases by 10 in each minute cycle of the computer polling all the sensors.

Moreover, the proposed training modulating device allows you to implement the following specific motor actions and techniques of a fighter:
upward movement of the mannequin (separation);
downward movement of the mannequin (landing);
movement from oneself (shvung);
movement (jerk) towards oneself (schwung);
multidirectional movements of the mannequin:
down-up (landing-separation);
up and down (separation-landing);
back and forth (schwung-schwung);
back and forth (schwung-schwung).

 After presetting the set value of the resistance force on the handles of the ergometer 9 using the electromagnetic clutch 11 and the control panel of the computer 16, the training wrestler, rotating the handles of the ergometer 9, imitates the specific work with the opposing hands of the rival fighter (the struggle for capture). In this case, the magnitude and pace of the efforts developed by the trainee on the handles of the ergometer 9 are measured and converted using sensors 10, 12 and block 14. The measurement results are displayed on the screen of the display unit 15 for express information of the training fighter on the correspondence of the efforts and pace developed by him on the handles ergomenra 9 set by the training program (trainer) the values of pace and effort, i.e. the first feedback loop circuit (visual) is implemented in the "simulator-athlete" system. Moreover, in the case when the athlete can not cope with the programmed motor mode, the magnitude and pace of the load on the handles of the ergometer 9 is adjusted (reduced) by the computer promptly by 10% using blocks 11 and 16, and if the trainee exceeds the programmed motor mode, the magnitude and pace of the load, respectively using the same blocks 11, 16 also increase by 10% in the minute cycle of operation (implementation) of the first feedback loop.

 At the same time, simultaneously with the rotation of the handles of the ergometer 9, the training wrestler with his body creates a frontal force on the body of the mannequin 1, the value of which is regulated (set) by means of a setter (hydraulic cylinder) 4 and block 16. In this case, the value of the actually developed frontal force applied by the wrestler to dummy, is measured using the sensor 8 and block 14 and displayed on the screen of the display block express information 15, i.e. Thus, the second feedback loop circuit is realized in the "simulator-athlete" system.

 In addition, the proposed training device allows you to practice such important techniques as “landing”, “separation”, etc. When carrying out these techniques, the training wrestler, capturing the mannequin body 1, exerts an impulsive force to it, directed either vertically downward “landing”, or vertically upward “separation” of the opponent when performing the “throw through chest” technique. The magnitude of this effort is set using the hydraulic cylinder 5, and the magnitude of the force exerted by the trainee on the dummy body along its vertical axis is measured by sensors 6, 7 and block 14, and the measurement results are displayed as express information on the screen of block 15. The magnitude of the “capture” force trainees dummy body 1 is measured using a sensor 3 and block 14.

 The proposed simulator allows you to simulate (simulate) the mode of active actions of an opponent-wrestler on a training fighter, for example: “response onslaught”, “upsetting”, “throwing through the chest”, etc. Moreover, the corresponding motor actions of the mannequin 1 are provided by hydraulic drives (hydraulic cylinders) 4, 5 by an electromagnet 2 and blocks 13, 16.

 In addition, with the help of sensors 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 and blocks 14, 15, it is possible to measure and record the time of a specific reaction of a training wrestler switching from one technical action (reception) to another, for example: “grabbing an opponent’s hands” (handles) ergometer 9), then “grabbing the opponent’s body” (grabbing the mannequin’s body), then “landing” and “throwing through the chest”. In this case, with the help of electromagnet 2, the dummy is rigidly fixed on the base plate and during the throw through the chest with the help of block 16, the electromagnet is disconnected in the final phase of separation from the power supply (not shown in Fig. 2) and frees the dummy from fixation, which ensures a free throw mannequin training fighter.

 In addition, during training, i.e. during the rotation of the ergometer rivers 9 by a wrestler, information about the pulse rate (heart rate) and blood pressure of the wrestler is simultaneously taken into it, which is carried out using the PE and BP 18 removal unit placed on the athlete. Information about the value of the heart rate and blood pressure of the wrestler is supplied to the computer 16, which compares the set (allowable) values of the heart rate of the wrestler with the current values of emergency and blood pressure, which characterize the athlete's tolerance of training loads. Moreover, if the current measured values of the emergency and blood pressure of the wrestler exceed their permissible values, then the computer 16 will reduce the load and the resistance value on the handles of the ergometer 9 by 10% and in emergency cases may block the simulator. In case of exceeding the measured fluid values of emergency and blood pressure on the display screen 15, an alarm is displayed (light red and audible).

 Thus, the third biofeedback circuit is formed in the "transporter-athlete" system according to criteria characterizing the functional state of the trainee.

 Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the proposed simulator allows, on the one hand, to carry out comprehensive testing of special performance, strength endurance, speed-strength fitness of wrestlers, and on the other hand, to train (improve) the special motor and physical qualities of wrestlers in modulated situations of a real wrestling match.

Claims (1)

 A simulator for athletes comprising a mannequin, an electromagnet connected to a control unit connected to a control panel, characterized in that the mannequin is made of elastic material, in the lower inner part of which there is a metallized cavity in the form of a truncated cone in which an electromagnet is installed, and a strain gauge force-grip mannequin built into its lateral surface, force adjusters applied to the training mannequin in frontal and vertical direction, made in the form of hydraulic cylinders, two membrane sensors of the force applied to the mannequin in the vertical direction, a membrane sensor of the force applied to the mannequin in the frontal direction, a load element for the hands of the trainee, made in the form of a manual ergometer having two drive handles and a body, a photometric sensor for the rotation rate of the ergometer handles, a force adjuster on the ergometer handles, made in the form of an electromagnetic coupling with the possibility of installing the handles and the ergometer case in various the given height positions relative to the mannequin, a membrane sensor of the amount of effort applied by the trainees to the ergometer handles, a control unit for the pressure value in the hydraulic cylinders, a signal conversion unit made in the form of a multi-channel interface, an information display unit made in the form of a display panel with a printer, a heart rate measuring unit and blood pressure, and the control unit is made in the form of a personal computer, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the information display unit, and the third output with the input of the hydraulic cylinder control unit, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the force adjusters on the mannequin in the frontal plane, in the vertical plane and on the ergometer handles, the output of which is connected to the input of the load element for the trainee’s hands, the first output of the force adjuster on the mannequin in the frontal plane is mechanically connected to the base of the dummy, the second output of this setter is connected to the input of the membrane force sensor applied by the trainee to the dummy in the frontal plane, the output of which connected to the first input of the signal conversion unit, the first output of the force setter on the dummy in the vertical direction is connected to the base of the dummy, the second output of this setter is connected to the input of the force sensor applied by the trainee to the dummy in the vertical direction, the output of which is connected to the third input of the signal conversion unit, the output of the load element for the hands of the trainee is connected to the input of the force sensor on the handles of the ergometer, the output of this sensor is connected to the fourth input of the conversion unit s signal, the second output of the force setter on the mannequin in the vertical direction is connected to the input of the force sensor applied by the trainee vertically down to the mannequin, the output of which is connected to the second input of the signal conversion unit, the input of the photometric sensor for the rotation speed of the ergometer handles is connected to the output of the load element for the hands, and the output of the photometric sensor is connected to the fifth input of the signal conversion unit, the sixth input of which is connected to the output of the sensor of the mannequin's gripping force by the trainee, mounted nnogo in the side surface of the dummy body, the output signal conversion unit is connected to a second input of the mapping information, a fourth output of a personal computer connected to the seventh input signal converting unit, a second input connected to the output computer block measuring pulse rate and blood pressure.

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