RU2068662C1 - Ultrasonic tool for curing myopia and glaucoma - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment; ophthalmology. SUBSTANCE: tool has cylindrical vibrator and waveguide tied together. Waveguide has working tip in form of a funnel with annular base and several grooves disposed uniformly at some angle to generating line. Vibrator and waveguide are hollow. Vibrator is provided with feedback element. Waveguide has a lintel between funnel and the rest part of waveguide. Length of funnel is equal to (1+2n/4)λ_кр, where is integral number, n=0, 1, 2...; λ_кр is torsional vibrations wavelength; length of the rest part of waveguide is equal to 1/41/4λ, where l_пр is length of longitudinal wave. Slope of grooves is equal to 30-45 deg. Distance between lintel and grooves is equal to 1/41/4λ_кр. Edge of waveguide at the side of vibrator is fitting and centering. Vibrator and waveguide are tightened by stud, mounted in threaded joints of waveguides lintel and fitting unit of vibrator. Calibration mass is placed at the side where fitting unit is disposed at free end of the stub at the distance of 1/41/4λ_кр. External diameter of funnel is equal to diameter of sclera projection of ciliary body or diameter of limb area. EFFECT: improved efficiency of conversion of longitudinal ultrasonic oscillations into complex ones. 3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medical equipment and can be used in ophthalmology.

 A known ultrasonic tool for influencing biological tissue, containing a source of excitation of longitudinal mechanical ultrasonic testing, an oscillating speed transformer and an waveguide tool of exponential shape with twisted grooves with a variable pitch decreasing towards the working tip, made in the form of a removable conical working bell with a ring-shaped base (a. S. N 1066583 dated 15. 01. 84 (bull. N 2, 1984).

 The complexity of the calculation and technological manufacturing of the twisted part of the waveguide, the use of ineffective ferromagnetic excitation sources, their connection with transformers of vibrational speed with glue, reduces the reliability of the tools and limits their scope. In addition, the low efficiency of converting longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations into complex ones, the complexity of the waveguide matching of the excitation source with the working waveguide tips due to the lack of the possibility of mechanical tuning ultimately reduces the effectiveness of the treatment.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of converting longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations into complex ones with a significant predominance of torsional (shear) component, expanding the functionality of the instrument by using it to treat not only glaucoma, but also myopia while simplifying the design, manufacturing technology and technical settings and is achieved by in an ultrasound instrument for the treatment of glaucoma and myopia, including bonded cylindrical vibrates the Ohr and the waveguide, containing a working tip in the form of a bell with an annular base and several evenly spaced from each other and placed at an angle to the generatrix of the grooves, are hollow, a vibrator with a feedback element and a waveguide with an element for converting longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations into torsional (shear), simultaneously performing the function of a hub with a jumper between the bell and the rest of the waveguide, while the length of the bell is (1/4 + 2n / 4) λ _cr , where n is an integer 0, 1, 2. λ _cr the wavelength of torsional vibrations, the length of the rest the part of the waveguide with inclined grooves is equal to (1/4) λ _pr , where λ _{pr the} length of the longitudinal elastic wave, the slope of the grooves is in the range from 30 ^o to 45 ^o , and the distance between the jumper and the grooves is (1/4) λ _cr , the end of the waveguide from the side of the vibrator is made landing and centering, and the vibrator and the waveguide are pulled together by a pin installed in the threaded connections of the jumper of the waveguide and the mount of the vibrator, while at the free end of the stud at a distance of (1/4) λ _cr from the side of the mount of the calibration mass . The external diameter of the annular working base of the socket for the treatment of myopia is equal to the diameter of the scleral projection of the ciliary body, and for the treatment of glaucoma it is equal to the diameter of the limbal region.

In FIG. 1 shows an ultrasound instrument for treating glaucoma without a protective body; FIG. 2 and 3 design features of tools for the treatment of myopia with a protective case mechanically fixed at a nodal point on the flange (in Fig. 2 with a stepless vibrator, and in Fig. 6 with a stepwise small diameter difference in length (1/4) λ _ave ; in Fig. 3 shows the distribution of nodes and antinodes of the shear (torsional) component of complex ultrasonic testing tools, in Fig. 4 the distribution of nodes and antinodes of the longitudinal component of complex ultrasonic testing; in Fig. 5 the distribution of nodes and antinodes on the tie-rod waveguide hairpin.

 An example of the construction of a stepped piezoelectric vibrator with feedback elements 14 and 15 is shown in FIG. 7a (top), where the black bold line indicates the location (insulation) of surface spraying when applying a conductive layer on the outer surface of the vibrator 1. The inner part of the conductive layer of the vibrator 1 remains unchanged.

 The conductive strip 14 along the length of the vibrator 1 together with the conductive rim 15 in the upper part of the vibrator together with the common internal conductive surface (lining) form a feedback sensor for recording the resonant frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibrations.

. Волновод 2, выполняющий одновременно функции трансформатора колебательной скорости и преобразователя продольных колебаний в крутильные, включающий в себя и конструктивно выполненный, как одно целое: рабочий наконечник с кольцевидным основанием, выполненный в виде полого цилиндра 3 или раструба 4 длиной

торсион 5 с наклонными пазами 6 под углом 30^o-45^o к образующей и длиной

, перемычку (фланец) 7, расположенный в узловой точке с внешней резьбой (М16•0,75) для крепления корпуса 8 и внутренней - (М3•0,75) для стяжной шпильки 9. Инструмент содержит также шайбу 10 и стяжную гайку 11, а также тарированную массу, выполненную в виде диска 12 с контргайкой 13 и установленную на расстоянии

, где

;

;
где С_сд скорость распространения упругой волны сдвига,
С_cж скорость распространения волны сжатия в материале,
F резонансная частота пьезоэлектрического источника возбуждения продольных УЗ колебаний (вибратора 1).An ultrasound instrument for the physicotherapeutic treatment of glaucoma and myopia contains (see Fig. 1, Figs. 2 and 6) a piezoelectric excitation source, a vibrator 1 of longitudinal ultrasonic inspection, made in the form of a hollow cylinder measuring 10 • 6 • 37 waveguide length

. A waveguide 2, which simultaneously performs the functions of a transformer of vibrational velocity and a transducer of longitudinal vibrations into torsional vibrations, which includes and is structurally made as one unit: a working tip with an annular base, made in the form of a hollow cylinder 3 or a bell 4 with a length

torsion 5 with inclined grooves 6 at an angle of 30 ^o -45 ^o to the generatrix and length

a jumper (flange) 7 located at a nodal point with an external thread (M16 • 0.75) for fixing the housing 8 and an internal one (M3 • 0.75) for the tie pin 9. The tool also contains a washer 10 and a tie nut 11, as well as a calibrated mass made in the form of a disk 12 with a lock nut 13 and installed at a distance

where

;

;
where C _{sd is} the propagation velocity of the elastic shear wave,
_{Cf the} velocity of propagation of the compression wave in the material,
F resonant frequency of the piezoelectric source of excitation of longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations (vibrator 1).

, где С_сж скорость распространения упругой волны сжатия в материале пьезоэлектрического вибратора, λ_пр длина упругой волны сжатия в данном материале, преобразовывая энергию электрических колебаний УЗ генератора в энергию механических продольных УХ колебаний вибратора 1. Продольные механические колебания УЗ частоты от вибратора 1 передаются для усиления и преобразования волновода 2 в комплексные, включающий в себя: волноводный рабочий наконечник с кольцевидным основанием, выполненный в виде полого цилиндра 3 (см. фиг. 1) для лечения глаукомы или раструба 4 (фиг. 2) для лечения близорукости, торсион 5 с наклонными пазами 6 под углом 30^o-45^o к образующей, преобразующий продольные колебания вибраторов в крутильные (сдвиговые) колебания на рабочих наконечниках, перемычку фланец 7, расположенный в узловой точке для обеспечения механического резьбового соединения всех элементов УЗ инструмента в единую электромеханическую систему с помощью стяжной шпильки 9 и шайбы 10 и гайки 11, заключенную в корпус 8. Механическое крепление с помощью стяжной шпильки 9, шайбы 10 и гайки 11 к перемычке 7 волновода 2 обеспечивает надежный акустический контакт в переходных зонах между вибратором 1 и торсионом 5 как для крутильной (фиг. 3), так и для продольной (фиг. 4) компонент, составляющих комплексных УЗ колебаний кольцевидного основания рабочих наконечников. Резьбовые соединения с помощью стяжной шпильки 9 и механизма крепления 10, 11 обеспечивают необходимый натяг в указанных зонах стыка (в отличие от клеевого соединения), а также упрощают инструмент в техническом исполнении и сам процесс его настройки, ремонта, что имеет немаловажное значение при серийном выпуске и в процессе их эксплуатации.The operation of the ultrasonic tool is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1 5) and consists in the following: when applying an alternating output voltage of the ultrasonic generator to the external and internal plates of the piezoelectric excitation source of the vibrator 1, the latter is excited at its own resonant frequency

where C _{sr is} the propagation velocity of the elastic compression wave in the material of the piezoelectric vibrator, λ _{pr is the} length of the elastic compression wave in this material, converting the energy of electrical vibrations of the ultrasonic generator into the energy of mechanical longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations of the vibrator 1. Longitudinal mechanical vibrations of the ultrasonic frequency from vibrator 1 are transmitted to amplify and transforming the waveguide 2 into complex ones, including: a waveguide working tip with an annular base made in the form of a hollow cylinder 3 (see Fig. 1) for treating glau ohms or socket 4 (FIG. 2) for the treatment of myopia, the torsion bar 5, with the inclined grooves 6 at an angle of 30 ^o -45 ^o to the generator, which converts longitudinal vibrations in the vibrator torsional (shear) oscillations on the tool tip, jumper flange 7, located at the nodal point to ensure the mechanical threaded connection of all elements of the ultrasonic tool into a single electromechanical system using the tie pin 9 and the washer 10 and nut 11 enclosed in the housing 8. Mechanical fastening with the tie pin 9, the washer 10 and nut 11 to the jumper 7 in novoda 2 provides a reliable acoustic coupling in transition zones between the vibrator 1 and the torsion bar 5 for both torsion (FIG. 3), and for the longitudinal (Fig. 4) components that make up the complex ultrasonic vibrations of the annular base of the working tips. Threaded connections using a tie pin 9 and a fastening mechanism 10, 11 provide the necessary tightness in the indicated areas of the joint (unlike adhesive joints), and also simplify the technical performance of the tool and the process of its adjustment, repair, which is important for serial production and in the process of their operation.

 To increase the effectiveness of treatment, the exclusion of cavitation phenomena in the physiotherapeutic treatment of glaucoma, myopia, fluctuations on the ring-shaped base of the working tool 3 (Fig. 1) and 4 (Fig. 2 and 6) should be in different vector directions with a predominance of torsion component.

 The specified conversion of longitudinal ultrasonic testing from vibrator 1 to complex is carried out by torsion 5 with inclined grooves 6 located on the waveguide 2 from the mounting side. The more inclined slots, the more efficient the conversion process. However, an increase in the number of grooves leads to a decrease in resistance to bending vibrations, dynamic stiffness and strength of jumpers. Therefore, 6-8 grooves are taken for the optimal value, depending on the diameter and "live" section of the walls of the waveguide 2.

, где n=0, 1, 2 целое число, λ_кр длина волны сдвиговых упругих волн,

, т.е.

,

, где Сcд. скорость распространения упругой волны сдвига в материале, например, из титана для K_т-7, у которого Сож 4,9•10⁶ мм/с и Ссд 2,83•10⁶ мм/с, тогда при n=0 на частоте возбуждения F=44,5 кГц, l₁=15,8 мм, а при n=1 на той же частоте F= 44,5 кГц l₁=47,6 мм. В обоих случаях длину l₁ цилиндрической части торсиона 5 выбирают равной

, являющейся входной частью волновода 2, одновременно выполняющей функции трансформатора колебательной скорости сдвиговых волн. Для обеспечения условия согласования продольной компоненты комплексных УЗК общую длину l₂ волновода 2 и входной части трансформатора сдвиговых волн выбирают равными:

;

. Для приведенного примера на частоте возбуждения 44,5 кГц, l₂=26 мм,

.For the convenience of the tool, the waveguide length l _{1 of the} working tip 3 and 4 is chosen equal to

where n = 0, 1, 2 is an integer, λ _cr the wavelength of the shear elastic waves,

, i.e.

,

where ccd. the propagation velocity of an elastic shear wave in a material, for example, from titanium for K _t -7, for which Sozh 4.9 • 10 ⁶ mm / s and Ssd 2.83 • 10 ⁶ mm / s, then at n = 0 at the excitation frequency F = 44.5 kHz, l ₁ = 15.8 mm, and for n = 1 at the same frequency F = 44.5 kHz l ₁ = 47.6 mm. In both cases, the length l _{1 of the} cylindrical part of the torsion 5 is chosen equal

, which is the input part of the waveguide 2, simultaneously performing the functions of a transformer of the vibrational velocity of shear waves. To ensure conditions for matching the longitudinal components of complex ultrasonic testing, the total length l _{2 of the} waveguide 2 and the input part of the shear wave transformer is chosen equal to:

;

. For the above example, at an excitation frequency of 44.5 kHz, l ₂ = 26 mm,

.

 Figure 5 shows, by way of example, the nature of the distribution of nodes and antinodes on the tie rod 9 of the longitudinal ultrasonic testing device with respect to the excitation point 8 from the side of the mechanical attachment point of the vibrator 1.

, то входное акустическое сопротивление носит массовый характер или жесткостный при

Z_вх.мех.JW•M, если

Z_вх.мех.1/JWX•M если

, где М масса, W циклическая частота, K жесткость.Based on the nature of the distribution of nodes and antinodes along the length of the entire instrument (Fig. 3 5) for various components of complex Oscillations, as well as according to the laws of classical nonlinear acoustics, a change in the resonant length l ₁ ^o Cl _{4 of the} constituent elements of the instrument leads to a change in the nature of the source excitation 1 input acoustic impedance Z _I fur. If the change in length l lies in the region

, then the input acoustic impedance is massive or stiff at

Z _in. fur.JW • M if

Z _in. mech.1 / JWX • M if

where M is mass, W is cyclic frequency, K is stiffness.

с последующей фиксацией с помощью контргайки 13.In this regard, for a precise mechanical waveguide tuning, a calibrated mass is introduced, made in the form of a disk 12 moving along the thread of the stud 9 by the length

followed by fixing with a lock nut 13.

 Fine tuning by moving the calibrated mass 12 creates an additional moment of inertia, increasing the load capacity of the waveguide tool and its quality factor, as a mechanical selective circuit of one of the elements of a single electromechanical resonating system of an ultrasonic instrument as a whole.

 The invention allows to implement a physiotherapeutic method of treating open-angle glaucoma and childhood myopia, eliminating the invasiveness of eye tissues due to the automatic control of the acoustic mode of operation of an ultrasonic instrument and the exposure time of ultrasonic vibrations by feedback signal. YYY1 YYY2 YYY3 YYY4 YYY5 YYY6

Claims (3)

1. An ultrasonic instrument for treating glaucoma and myopia, including a fastened cylindrical vibrator and a waveguide, comprising a working tip in the form of a bell with an annular base and several grooves evenly spaced at an angle to the generatrix, characterized in that the vibrator is hollow with a feedback element, the waveguide is made hollow with a jumper between the bell and the rest of the waveguide, while the length of the bell is (1 + 2n / 4) λ _cr. where n 0, 1, 2, n is an integer; λ _cr - the wavelength of torsional vibrations, the length of the rest of the waveguide is 1 / 4λ, _etc. , where λ, _{etc. is the} length of the longitudinal wave, the slope of the grooves is in the range of 30 - 45 ^o , and the distance between the jumper and the grooves is 1 / 4λ _cr. , the end of the waveguide from the side of the vibrator is made landing and centering, and the vibrator and the waveguide are pulled together with a pin installed in the threaded connections of the jumper of the waveguide and the mount of the vibrator, while at the free end of the pin at a distance of 1 / 4λ _cr. , on the side of the attachment point there is a calibration mass.  2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter of the socket is equal to the diameter of the scleral projection of the ciliary body.  3. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter of the bell is equal to the diameter of the limbal region.

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