RU2060964C1 - Apparatus for sewage biological purification - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: concentrated by biological impurities sewage complex purification. SUBSTANCE: tower type three stage sewage purification apparatus has vertical body-aerotank with aeration chamber and central guiding pipe. Chamber of secondary settling is made in the form of vertical column-aerotank with module of settling members in its upper part. During third stage of deep treatment of water in vertical tower-aerotank lower zone of clarification with settling members is combined with upper zone of third stage mineralization. Apparatus has following blocks of feeding sewage, air, aeration, recirculation and disinfection. Upper part of aeration chamber has coaxially mounted to body built-in bioreactor-settler with fiber-bristling biofiller and with located on axial air pipeline reactor aerator with distributor-deflector. Ring type space between body and bioreactor is filled with filtering grain-porous bioloading, mainly claydite. Settling members of module present tier set of sheet-type truncated cones, that are uniformly embracing ring-type collector of clarified water, formed by beadings and axial pipe of module with tubular water distributors in its upper end. EFFECT: increased productivity. 6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to combined modular installations intended for biochemical wastewater treatment of food, meat and dairy, chemical industries, canned fish production, and can also be used in municipal services for the treatment of domestic wastewater of small settlements and leisure industry facilities, for example, sanatoriums , rest houses, tourist camps, campsites, boarding houses, etc. The main field of application is the treatment of water effluents with a high content of hard-oxidizing fats and dissolved organic pollutants by the biochemical method in local water treatment plants of the column type.

 A known installation for wastewater treatment [1] containing a vertical column with a settler located under the aerotank-clarifier, equipped with tapered dividing walls. At the bottom of the column is a filter connected to the aeration tank, which, in turn, is connected to the sump by circulation pipelines. In addition, the column can be equipped with a storage tank mounted in its upper part, coaxial to it, in communication with the filter and with the outlet pipe for clarified waters.

 The disadvantages of the known installation are the impossibility of disinfecting biochemically treated wastewater, and, therefore, dumping them into open water, as well as the relatively low efficiency and cost-effectiveness of treatment.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a device for biological wastewater treatment, which contains a vertically mounted cylindrical body with an aeration chamber with a guiding pipe, a secondary sedimentation chamber with a module of precipitation elements, nodes for the supply of wastewater, air, aeration, recycling, removal of excess sludge and disinfection. The wastewater supply unit is equipped with a device for crushing coarse inclusions, and the aeration chamber has a depth of more than 10 m and is equipped with a sludge recirculation unit with a pump and a unit for supplying oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen. Secondary sedimentation chamber is set at an angle to the horizon and has made in the form of parallel plates settling elements disposed at an angle ^of 45-75 to the horizontal.

 The disadvantages of this device for biological wastewater treatment are the low efficiency of the two-stage treatment of highly concentrated fat-containing effluents and the difficulty in installing an inclined secondary settling chamber and sedimentation elements filling it. The use of a known device for the treatment of effluents with difficultly oxidized fat contaminants is ineffective due to the short mineralization period.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and quality of cleaning by intensifying the oxidation process and increasing the duration of mineralization, as well as increasing the operational life of the device.

 The goal is achieved in that in a device for biological wastewater treatment, containing a vertically mounted cylindrical aeration tank housing, an aeration chamber with a central guide tube placed therein, a secondary sedimentation chamber with a module of plate-like precipitation elements parallel to each other, wastewater, air supply units, aeration, recirculation, removal of excess sludge and disinfection, in the upper part of the aeration chamber, a cylindrical conical bioreactor-settler with fiber-wool is mounted coaxially to the body a polymer biofill of the cylindrical part, equipped with overflow windows on the top of the bioreactor, opposite which on the radial holders in the upper part of the inner reactor section of the central guide tube, a protective annular visor is fixed. The air duct of the air supply unit connected to the sewage supply unit and having a reactor aerator located in the outlet section of the guide pipe and equipped with an end biconical distributor-reflector of the air-water mixture flow, located along the lower section of the guide pipe, pass along the axis of the pipe to the boundary of the transition of the cylindrical part of the bioreactor to its conical bottom with a diameter of the common base of the cones 3-5 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the guide pipe. Moreover, the annular space between the body and the cylindrical part of the bioreactor is filled with a filtering mixture that flows through overflow windows, granular-porous bio-loading, mainly expanded clay. The secondary sedimentation chamber of the liquid coming from the drain pipe located at the bottom of the housing of the first cleaning stage into the bottom space hydraulically connected to it of the second stage is made in the form of a vertical aerotank column, in the upper part of which a precipitation element module is integrated. Precipitation elements are a tiered set of truncated leaf cones fixed by annular flanges of small bases on vertical struts concentrically and uniformly covering the annular clarified water receiver formed by the indicated flanges of the cones and the axial upward flow pipe. At the same time, the specified pipe has tubular water distributors extending beyond the outer circumference of the truncated cones located between the vertical posts at the level of the clarified water drain pipe in the flanging of the upper tier cone, and the distance between the tiers is half the internal diameter of the column and the diameter of the larger base of the mentioned cones.

 In addition, the device is equipped with a third stage of purification by a vertical deep-treatment tower aeration tank, coming from the drain pipe of clarified water of the second stage of purification to the upper intake level, hydraulically connected to it, of the third stage, divided into a clarification zone with a tertiary sedimentation chamber with a precipitation element module with a drain pipe of purified water in the flare of the cone of the upper tier in the lower part of the tower, and the tertiary mineralization zone located above the specified module with the loaded unit Ammonium fiber polymer bio-aggregate. Moreover, the nodes of basic aeration of the treated water are air-ejector and placed in the bottom spaces of the aeration tanks of each of the cleaning stages, and the working height of the aeration tanks and the contact reservoir of the treated water disinfection unit is gradually reduced in the direction of movement of the treated water.

 The goal is also achieved by the fact that a flotation foam collector made in the form of an annular chamber of two coaxial sheet cylinders connected at the lower ends by a common annular bottom is mounted above the upper cut of the bioreactor-settler of the housing of the first cleaning stage, the height of the inner cylinder being made smaller than the height of the outer one, which has the lower part of the drainage nozzle of the flotation station, located above the superfilter filling level of the housing and communicated with the fluid supply unit to the second cleaning stage.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that on the aeration tank bottoms of the device around the base aeration units, air-water mixture distributors are installed made in the form of a reverse truncated cone, a small base of which is located on these bottoms, and the diameter of the larger base is equal to the inner diameter of the corresponding aeration tank.

 The goal is also achieved by the fact that the walls of the aeration tanks and the contact reservoir of the device disinfection unit are made of winding fiberglass.

 The goal is also achieved by the fact that the sheet truncated cones of the precipitating elements of the modules of the settling chamber of the device are made of biostable polymer-composite material.

 The goal is also achieved by the fact that on the surface of the truncated sheet cones of the precipitation elements of the modules of the settling chamber of the device, a biostable polymer coating is applied.

 In FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a biological wastewater treatment apparatus having three purification steps and a treated water disinfection unit; in FIG. 2 first step of cleaning a vertically mounted cylindrical housing-aeration tank with a cylinder-conical bioreactor-settler in the upper part of the aeration chamber; in FIG. 3 second stage of cleaning a vertical aeration tank column with a secondary sedimentation chamber with a precipitation element module in the upper part of the column; in FIG. 4 third step of cleaning vertical tower-aeration tank of deep water treatment with the upper zone of mineralization and the lower zone of clarification; in FIG. 5 flotation foam collector mounted above the upper cut of the bioreactor-settler of the housing of the first cleaning stage.

 The proposed device for biological wastewater treatment (Fig. 1) is a treatment plant unit comprising a vertical aeration tank 1, aeration tank 2, aeration tank 3, a treated water disinfection unit 4, and relates to installations with aeration of the treated media in ascending air stream.

 The device includes a wastewater supply unit 5, a receiving chamber 6, a sand trap 7. The aeration tank 1 comprises an aeration chamber 8 (the aeration tank itself) with a central guide tube 9 passing coaxially into the bioreactor-settler body 10 mounted in the upper part of the aeration chamber.

 The secondary sedimentation chamber 11 with the precipitation element module 12 is located in the upper part of the aerotank column 2.

 Tower-aeration tank 3 of the third stage of purification (deep water treatment) is divided into a mineralization zone 13 and a clarification zone 14.

 The nodes of the basic (main) aeration 15 are air-ejector and placed in the bottom spaces of the aeration tanks of each of the cleaning stages: building 1, columns 2, towers 3.

In FIG. 2, the aeration tank 1 with a cylindrical conical bioreactor-settler 10 with a fiber-reinforced polymer aggregate 16 of a cylindrical part 17 provided with overflow windows 18 on top of the bioreactor 18, opposite which a protective annular visor 20 from large particles is fixed, is opposite to which on the radial holders 19 of the inner guide tube 9 water drains. The duct 22 of the aeration reactor of the wastewater entering the bioreactor from the air supply 23 passes along the axis of the guide pipe 9 to the boundary of the transition of the cylindrical part 17 of the bioreactor to its conical bottom 21. The duct 22 has a reactor aerator 24 located in the outlet section of the guide tube 9, equipped with a below the lower cut end of said tube-reflector biconical distributor 25 the flow of water-air mixture, the total diameter of the base of which the cones (D _o) of 3-5 mm less than the inner diameter cent cial guide tube 9 (D _n).

 The annular space 26 between the housing 1 and the cylindrical part 17 of the bioreactor 10 is filled with filtering granular-porous bio-loading 27, mainly expanded clay, as one of the most affordable and cheap materials.

 In the lower part of the housing 1 there is a drain pipe 28, through which the liquid purified in the first stage enters the bottom space hydraulically connected to the first, second stage (communicating vessels). The first stage of cleaning is also equipped with a circulation pump 29, which feeds the working sludge mixture into the aeration chamber 8 and the bioreactor 10.

Аналогично первой ступени вторая ступень очистки комплектуется циркуляционным насосом 37 подачи рабочей жидкости в придонное пространство колонны-аэротенка 2. Осветленная вода из сливного патрубка 36 поступает на верхний уровень гидравлически связанной со второй ступенью очистки башни-аэротенка 3, предназначенной для глубокой обработки воды и укрупненно изображенной на фиг. 4.In FIG. 3 shows the design of the aerotank column 2 of the second cleaning stage. In its upper part, a precipitation element module 12 is built-in, consisting of tiered sheet truncated cones 30, fixed by annular flanges 31 of small bases on vertical struts 32, concentrically and evenly covering the annular clarified water receiver 33, formed by the indicated flanges of the cones and the axial pipe 34 of the ascending feed from the bottom of the column of water-air flow. The axial tube 34 has tubular water distributors 35 extending beyond the outer circumference of the truncated cones 30 located between the vertical posts 32 at the level of the drain pipe 36 of the clarified water in the flare of the upper tier cone. Moreover, the distance between the tiers (h _i ) is the half-difference of the inner diameter of the aerotank column 2 (D _a ) and the diameter of the larger base of the mentioned cones (D _k ), i.e. the equality h _i

Similarly to the first stage, the second cleaning stage is equipped with a circulating pump 37 for supplying working fluid to the bottom space of the aeration tank column 2. The clarified water from the drain pipe 36 enters the upper level of the aeration tank 3 hydraulically connected to the second cleaning stage, designed for deep water treatment and enlarged in FIG. 4.

 The aeration tank 3, the upper part of which is a mineralization zone with loaded blocks of fiber-borne polymer aggregate 38, has a tertiary settling chamber in the lower clarification zone with a precipitation element module 39, which is structurally similar to the second cleaning stage module 12. Module 39 is also a multi-tiered set of truncated leaf cones fixed by annular flanges of small bases on vertical racks placed around an annular receiver of clarified water formed by flanges of small bases of cones and an axial pipe for supplying the air flow ascending from the bottom of the tower. The inter-tier distance also makes up the half-difference of the inner diameter of the tower and the diameter of the larger base of the cones. In the flanging of the cone of the upper tier, a drain pipe 40 of clarified water is made. The water taken from the upper level of the tower by a circulation pump 41 is supplied to the base aeration unit 15. The deeply processed water at the third stage of treatment is supplied from the pipe 40 to the disinfection unit 4, where it is mixed with the disinfectant pump 43 supplied from the supply tank 42 in the mixer 44 and then enters the contact tank 45, which is equipped with a drain pipe 46 of purified and disinfected water.

The working height of the aeration tanks 1-3 and contact tank 45 is successively reduced in the direction of movement of the treated water, i.e. we have the inequalities h ₁ > h ₂ > h ₃ > h ₄ .

In FIG. 5 shows a flotation foam collector 47 mounted above the upper cut of the bioreactor-settler 10. The foam collector 47 is made in the form of an annular chamber 48 of two coaxial sheet cylinders 49 and 50 connected at the lower ends by a common annular bottom 51. The height of the inner cylinder 49 (h _int ) is less the height of the outer cylinder 50 (h _bunk ), having in the lower part of the drain pipe 52 float. The pipe 52 is located above the superfilter filling level of the housing 1 (indicated by level symbols), that is, above the “mirror” of the liquid above the granular-porous bio-loading 27, and is in communication with the wastewater supply unit to the second cleaning stage, which ensures the supply of a photofluid for further processing by gravity.

 The distributors of the air-water mixture 53 (Fig. 1-4), made in the form of a reverse truncated cone, a small base of which is located on the bottoms of the aeration tanks, and the diameter of the larger base is equal to the inner diameter of the corresponding aeration tank, and placed around the base aeration nodes 15.

 In line with the conversion processes, in order to improve the economic performance and operational durability of the device, fiberglass sections dismantled from mine installations can be used as part of the disarmament of missile transport and launch containers to obtain aeration tanks 1-3 and contact tank 45 of the disinfection unit 4 of treated water. The sections of these containers manufactured by a mechanized winding method have high corrosion and biological resistance, which is very important, since the walls of aeration tanks in contact with chemically aggressive and bioactive compounds of wastewater and microorganism waste products. In addition, the positive aspects of the use of these sections are their full readiness for vertical docking in columns, towers, etc. high-rise buildings and environmentally friendly disposal of a number of military equipment units that were not previously used in the national economy. Typical main material of the walls of the sections of fiberglass IF-ED-6KG according to the industry standard OST 92-0956-74.

 To equalize the service life of the structures included in the treatment device, it is advisable to perform truncated sheet cones of the precipitation elements of the settling chamber modules from a biostable polymer-composite material, for example, from fiberglass AF-10VO according to the industry standard OST 92-0956-74. It is possible to produce cones of precipitation elements and sheet metal stamping, but in this case it is necessary to apply a bioresistant polymer coating on their surface, for example, a polyethylene terephthalate film or a fluoroplastic suspension.

 A device for biological wastewater treatment works as follows.

 Water to be treated comes from the wastewater supply unit 5 to the receiving chamber 6, pass through line 1a to the sand trap 7, and by gravity along line 1b enter the central guide tube 9 to the bioreactor-settler 10 of the aeration chamber 8. In the sand trap 7, sand is removed periodically, which after unloading, it is sent along line 1b to sand pads for drying. Bioreactor 10 is designed to detain and concentrate suspensions, prepare wastewater for biological treatment and stabilize sediment. Leaving the central pipe 9, the wastewater is evenly distributed along the conical bottom 21 of the bioreactor with an end bioconical distributor-reflector 25, mounted on the reactor aerator 24 under the lower cut of the specified pipe. In the cylindrical part 17 of the bioreactor-settler 10 loaded containers with a nozzle for attaching microflora, delaying suspended solids. Polymeric fiber-haired elements according to technical specifications TU40.207.0792.001-89 ("Fiber elements of the ruff" type) can be recommended as a bio-filler. The primary biological wastewater treatment, consisting in the biochemical destruction (mineralization) of organic pollutants by microorganisms, takes place in the bioreactor, dissolved and emulsified in drains.

 In the proposed type of treatment plant, aerobic bacteria are used, for the vital activity of which oxygen dissolved in water is required, which implies that the facilities for the mineralization treatment of wastewater should be called aerotanks.

Reflecting from the conical bottom 21, the effluent in the upward flow passes a fiber-brushed biofill 16, attached to which microorganisms oxidize organic pollution. Sludge that accumulates in the bottom 21 and contains slag, dead microorganisms and mineralization sludge is periodically discharged along line 1g for processing to a special sludge treatment unit (not shown) and then to sludge sites. On the axis of the central guide pipe 9, an air duct 22 of the air supply unit 23 is arranged, connected to the line 1b of the wastewater supply unit 5 and / or to the recirculation line 1e of the working fluid supply by the pump 29. The air duct 22 has a reactor aerator 24 s in the outlet section of the guide pipe 9 located under the lower cut of the specified pipe end biconical distributor-reflector 25 of the flow generated in the bioreactor of the water-air mixture. The air duct 22 reaches the lower end to the boundary of the transition of the cylindrical part 17 to the conical bottom 21, which ensures complete and uniform bubbling of wastewater throughout the volume of the named bottom by the reactor aerator 24. The distributor-reflector 25 cuts the water flow down the central pipe 9, and on the other hand, it prevents the upward flow of the air-water mixture formed at the bottom to the lower end of the guide tube. The biconical shape of the distributor-reflector 25 provides the dual nature of the functional purpose of this node and the greatest laminarization of the reactor flows. The diameter of the common base of the cones (D _o ) is 3-5 mm less than the inner diameter of the central guide tube (D _c ), since this ensures, firstly, the possibility of periodically dismantling the duct for cleaning and regulating the aeration system, and, secondly, practically complete overlap of the cross section of the central pipe from the ascending air flow. A decrease in the above value of the difference (D _c -D _o ) will make it difficult to remove the duct with an aerator from the central guide pipe, and the increase will violate the operation of the aeration system due to the uncontrolled flow of the rising air-air mixture into the pipe. Therefore, the experimentally tested dependence D _c -D _o = (3-5) mm is optimal for the type of structure under consideration.

 The wastewater bioreactor aeration system can operate both continuously and periodically. The choice is determined by the degree of contamination of the effluent. In the case of the treatment of highly concentrated fat-containing wastewater with difficultly oxidized organic pollutants, the reactor aeration system should work continuously, which will increase the duration of oxidative mineralization and increase the degree of purification. At relatively low levels of wastewater pollution, it is economically feasible to operate the reactor aerator only periodically in the regeneration mode of the fiber-based polymer biofiller of the cylindrical part of the settler bioreactor, which consists in cleaning the "ruff" from the resulting pollution by an ejector blowing, which works like an air jet pump, which pumps atmospheric air due to nozzle depression. The working fluid for the reactor aerator can be either wastewater from line 1c or a sludge mixture of the aeration tank of the first cleaning stage, pumped by pump 29 through pipeline 1e, which is also determined by the initial degree of contamination of the effluents.

Aerated water at the reactor bottom 21 rises to overflow windows 18 made along the top of the bioreactor, opposite which a protective annular visor 20 is mounted on the radial holders 19, reflecting large inclusions that are potentially present in the bubbling aerator 24 of the ascending mixture. The liquid coming from the overflow windows 18 enters the biogoot 27 filling the annular space 26 between the housing 1 and the cylindrical part 17 of the bioreactor 10. For uniformity of filtration of the treated water, it is advisable to coaxial install a bioreactor-settler inside the housing. After passing the biofilter, the liquid flows into the aeration chamber 8, where the main aeration of the first stage of wastewater treatment takes place using ejector units of basic aeration 15. The sludge mixture formed in the aeration chamber rises to the drain pipe at a height of h ₁ (the upper level of the building, the working height of the body is aeration tank), from which overflow enters through a pipe 1e to a pump 29, which feeds the sludge mixture to the base aeration unit 15, where it is mixed from the 23th air intake unit due to the rarefaction formed in the ejector nozzle Fernie air. Part of the sludge mixture can be used for feeding into the bioreactor-settler 10 for the intensification of reactor mineralization or regeneration of fiber-based biofiller.

 The air-water mixture leaving the base aeration unit 15 enters the aeration chamber 8, while the dispersed air provides the microorganisms with oxygen necessary for their vital functions, as well as mixing the wastewater in the aeration chamber. With the appearance of dissolved oxygen in the air and in the presence of organic contaminants in the aeration chamber, the development of aerobic bacteria begins, which form a suspended layer of activated sludge. In the lower part of the aeration chamber, the accumulated activated sludge accumulates.

 The part of the sludge sent to the bioreactor 10 is aerated by the reactor aerator 24, while the bubbles of ejected air are dispersed and mixed with the liquid supplied through the central guide pipe 9, and due to the circulation of the sludge mixture, the waste water is distributed throughout the volume of the bioreactor and mixed with activated sludge, which accelerates and intensifies the process of mineralization of effluents.

 Thus, the resulting streams of the water-air mixture saturate and oxidize the sludge, and maintain the sludge mixture in suspension. During the circulation of the sludge mixture by the pump 29, part of it is discharged along line 1e to remove excess sludge from the system using an adjustable damper (not shown), which is usually installed behind the circulation pump.

 The wastewater initially mineralized in the bioreactor flows through its overflow window 18 into the annular space 26. Passing through the granular-porous bio-loading 27, the water undergoes further biochemical treatment under the influence of microorganisms of the biocenosis of the fouling of the loading material, forming a biologically active mineralization film on the latter. The saturation of the biomass with oxygen occurs in the process of upward movement of the sludge mixture aerated in the bottom space. The movement of water in the pores of the granular load initially from top to bottom (overflow), and then from bottom to top (rise of the aerated stream) eliminates clogging of the interelement space with the excess biomass generated on the loading material and contributes to its free transfer to the subreactor part of the aeration chamber. Wetting the load by completely filling the inter-element space with water ensures maximum use of the biofilter volume, which increases its efficiency in the "fluidized bed" (fluidization) mode. To prevent the formation of low-flow stagnant zones in the bottom space of the housing 1, a water-air mixture distributor 53 can be placed in the form of a reflective cone, the use of which is also advisable in the subsequent stages of wastewater treatment in the structures of the column 2 and tower 3. When the ejector aerator 15 is in operation, the mixture is reflected from of the bottom cone and rises, thus saturating the entire lower volume of the aeration tank with atmospheric oxygen and maintaining the sludge mixture in suspension. As the sewage body enters the body, excess sludge is displaced from it through the drain pipe 28 along line 1k into the secondary settling chamber 11, hydraulically connected to the body. The second stage of wastewater treatment includes a two-stage treatment in the aeration tank and in the secondary settling tank, aeration system and circulation of the return sludge from the clarification zone to the aeration zone. In the secondary thin-layer sump, the sludge mixture is divided into sediment and clarified water. The module of precipitation elements 12 of the second cleaning stage, which is a tiered set of leaf truncated cones with an outlet to the axial tubular shell in the form of a ring into which clarified waste water is collected, is built into the upper part of the column 2. The tier construction of the module of precipitation elements increases their useful area, reduces hydraulic resistance by laminarizing the flow and improves the hydrodynamics of the settling chamber. When water passes through the tiers of a thin-layer module, the separation of liquid, silt particles and biofilm occurs. The activated sludge settling on the plates of cone-shaped precipitation elements slides down towards the upward flow of the water-air mixture supplied by the base aeration unit 15, mixes with the liquid aerated by it and is carried away by it, as a result of which sorption, oxidation and clarification are intensified. Similarly to the first stage of purification, the working sludge mixture formed in the aeration tank is taken from the upper level of the structure and is circulated by a circulation pump 37 through line 2e to the base aeration unit 15, where atmospheric air is mixed from the line 2z due to nozzle rarefaction. In the process of circulating the working fluid with the pump 37, the excess sludge through line 2e is periodically removed for further processing. The clarified water from the drain pipe 36 in the flanging of the cone of the upper tier flows by gravity through the 2k pipeline to the upper level of the third stage of hydraulically connected with the tower column.

 We will separately touch upon the question of the design of the module of precipitation elements. The proposed module design prevents the formation of stagnant zones, a high degree of sedimentation of silt particles and dying microorganisms, stable hydrodynamic performance of the sump. The upward flow of the air-water mixture passes through the axial pipe 34 and flows onto the outer lateral surface of the upper tier cone through the tubular water distributors 35. The tubular water distributors 35 are located at the level of the clarified water drain pipe 36 fixed in the flanging of the upper tier cone and located approximately at the upper level of liquid intake from columns to the circulation pump 37, which provides continuous mixing of the working mixture of the second stage throughout the volume of the structure. Vertical struts 32, to which flanges 31 of the small bases of the cones are attached, cover the annular receiver 33 concentrically and evenly, as this guarantees uniform strength of the structure and stability of the process of flow over the precipitation elements. As the column is filled with drains from the first purification stage, the rising liquid passes into the inter-tier spaces, where silt particles and biofilm precipitate, sliding down the side surfaces of the precipitation cones, and clarified water is drained through flanges 31 into the annular receiver 33. Suspended silt particles reaching small bases of truncated cones 30, settle on the shelves of the sump with the accumulation of fluid, overcoming the high-altitude barrier of annular flanges 31, which provides a high degree of purification of water from suspension to her. The geometric parameters of the module of precipitation elements are selected from the conditions for achieving stable hydrodynamics of the processes occurring in the column, the quality of cleaning and the possibility of installing the module in the aeration tank.

Таким образом, назначая диаметр D_к на 200-300 мм меньшим диаметра D_a, будем обеспечивать оптимальное значение величины h_я, составляющее 100-150 мм.It is known that the optimal size of the distance between the plate sedimentary elements of the settling chambers is the interval of 40-200 mm, and for cone-shaped structures 100-150 mm. It is known that the recommended conditional cylinder lateral surface, the generatrix describing its outer perimeter collecting cones perform similar in cross-sectional area construction, which is mounted in the deposition module and the vertex of said cone angle ^of 50-70. In the proposed design of the module of precipitation elements, which are a set of truncated cones with annular flanges of small bases, the conditional cylinder for calculating the thin-layer space will be a cylinder with a generatrix along the outer contour of the said flanges, since this zone has the smallest bore that determines the performance of the module. Based on the given range of diameters of the aeration tanks of the proposed device (reuse of fiberglass assemblies that have undergone basic operation), the need to install 31 cones 30 in the annular flanges, the fasteners of the latter to be connected to the vertical posts 32, and taking into account the above recommendations on the size of the vertex angle of the cones, we obtain that their diameter large bases should be 200-300 mm less than the inner diameter of the aerotank column 2. Since the optimal size of the inter-tier distance for the cone-shaped x clarifiers is 100-150 mm, and in providing uplink transmission unstressed monopotokov liquid advisable to have equal flow areas of the annular space between the large base of the cone and the wall of the column-aeration tank and mezhyarusnogo (thin layer) of the space, we obtain the general dependence for calculation of the distance h between the decks _I for a given diameter of the aeration tank D _a and the assigned diameter of the larger base of the truncated cones D _to

Thus, assigning the diameter D _to 200-300 mm smaller than the diameter D _a , we will provide the optimal value of the value of h _i , comprising 100-150 mm.

 The third stage of cleaning is a unit for combining the aeration tank with bio-loading and a tertiary sump, providing deep processing of water coming from the secondary settling chamber. Blocks of fiber-coated polymer bio-aggregate 38, identical to those used in the bioreactor-settler 10 of the first purification stage, are used as bio-loading. The purpose of the load is the concentration of nutrients and microorganisms for deep purification of wastewater from organic contaminants, nitrogen of ammonium salts, phosphorus, as well as stabilization of activated sludge coming from the second stage of treatment in the form of residual suspensions in clarified water of precipitation elements 12. The aeration of the working fluid of the third stage of purification is carried out similarly to aeration in the aero walls of the first and second stages. Due to the lower placement of the precipitation element module 39 in the aeration tank 3, the basic aeration unit 15 of the third cleaning stage is structurally somewhat different from the ejectors inclinedly introduced into the bottom space of the housing 1 and the column 2. The air duct 3c of the basic aeration system is coaxially inserted into the axial tube of the precipitation element module 39 and the supply pipe 3e by the circulation pump 41 of the sludge mixture taken from the upper level of the tower passes along the periphery of the specified axial pipe and intersects with a radial elbow with the air duct 3z in the bottom of the module of precipitation elements 39. But the principle of operation of the liquid aeration system at the stage of deep water treatment and its type (air-ejector) coincide, and therefore all nodes of the basic aeration are indicated in the illustrations by one position 15. The third stage of cleaning of the proposed device is as it would be a combination of the two previous ones in a common vertical structure and provides final treatment of the treated wastewater by mineralization in zone 13 and clarification in the tertiary settling chamber in zone 14. Located at the bottom of Schnee collecting elements 3 module 39 is arranged similarly to modulo 12 of the second purification stage, but has a minimal number of tiers of truncated cones, as the third stage is treated much more pure, in column 2 the clarified water with a lower concentration of suspended particles.

 The water clarified in module 39 is discharged through pipe 40 in the flare of the upper tier cone and is fed through pipeline 3k to the upper level for receiving purified water from the contact tank 45 of the disinfection unit 4. It is supplied to the mixer 44 in front of the contact tank 45 from the metering pump 43 from the supply tank 42 along the line 3m disinfectant solution, which can be used chlorine, chlorine dioxide, calcium or sodium hypochlorites. The solution is prepared in a supply tank by supplying 3 l of water from a mains water supply via a pipeline.

 The mixture of water from the third stage of cleaning and the disinfecting solution formed in mixer 44 is kept in the contact tank 45 and then, at the upper level, pipe 46 is discharged into the reservoir by line 3n.

 Aerotanks 1-3 and contact tank 45 have nozzles at the bottoms for complete draining of working fluids along lines 1i, 2i, 3i, 4i, respectively, which must be carried out during routine inspections, periodic and emergency repairs.

 The module of precipitation elements 12 of the second cleaning stage is located in the upper part of the aerotank column 2, since this ensures a longer aeration, as well as the oxidation of effluents entering the lower part of the column from the first stage. The flow ascending from the bottom space is intensively mixed, turbulized by air and fills the inter-tier spaces of the sedimentation module with uniform distribution of suspensions throughout the volume, which ensures the stability of the particle deposition process and a high degree of clarification of the treated water. The lower part of column 2 is not filled with fiber-wool or any other bio-loading, since the working fluid of the second stage is dirty enough, the bio-filling will quickly clog, which will necessitate the introduction of a regeneration system, which is often economically unjustified. Thus, the mineralization lower part of the column 2 provides oxidative treatment of effluents treated in a settling bioreactor 10 and filtered by a granular-porous bioload 27, only due to aeration of the working fluid with atmospheric air.

 At the third stage of deep processing of clarified water in the secondary sedimentation chamber, it is advisable to first mineralize the liquid entering the upper level of the aeration tank tower 3 in zone 13, and then finally clarify it in zone 14. Regeneration of the bio-aggregate 38 is not required, since silt circulation is sufficient to clean it mixes on tower height. In the mineralization zone 13, biochemical oxidation in a downward flow is used, since the alternation of the directions of motion of the cleaned media allows to achieve a higher degree of saturation with oxidizing agents. The sequence of movement of mineralized streams along the stages of purification is as follows: ascending bioreactor-settler 10; granular-porous filtering load 27 downward; aeration chamber 8 ascending; the bottom space of the hull 1 is downward; secondary sedimentation chamber 11 ascending; mineralization zone 13 is downward; zone of tertiary sedimentation 14 ascending.

 Marked explains the layout of components for the treatment plant selected in the proposed device.

 In the case of using the proposed flotation foam collector 47 in the first stage of treatment, a higher degree of mineralization of the effluents will be achieved. During the circulation of the sludge mixture through the overflow windows 18 of the bioreactor-settler 10, activated sludge flotted into the foam layer will accumulate in its upper part, rise along the inner surface of the cylinder 49 and then flow into the annular chamber 48. Sludge flotation occurs due to air bubbles sticking to suspensions aeration of the working fluid of the first cleaning stage. Upon contact with atmospheric air, the foamed sludge entering the annular chamber 48 will be further aerated upon contact with atmospheric air and cleaned of suspended solids with a decrease in foaming ability due to partial removal of foaming agents. The flotation concentrate formed by the adhesion of the lightest particles of sludge and dead biofilm to air bubbles should be removed from the upper cut of the foam collector by any mechanized method, for example, with a scraper device (not shown), and the liquid phase (flotation residue) clarified from coarse impurities will come from drain pipe 52, located above the superfilter filling level of the housing 1, into the water supply line 1k to the second cleaning stage. The inclusion in the design of the proposed device for biological wastewater treatment of a flotation foam collector is justified only if it is necessary to treat effluents with emulsified fats that are prone to the formation of particle-bubble complexes, which is typical, first of all, of fish processing waste. Therefore, the introduction of the proposed device flotator made through the dependent claim.

 Industrial application of the proposed device solves the complex problem of deep biochemical treatment and disinfection of wastewater, allows the use of treated water in economic activities without the risk of epidemiological contamination of the environment.

 The calculated indicators of wastewater treated using the proposed device are as follows, mg / l: BODful. 3; suspended solids 3; nitrogen of ammonium salts 1-2; phosphates 1.5; Surfactant 0.5.

 The given characteristics correspond to the requirements for the water quality of reservoirs of fishery water use, which makes it possible to widely use the present treatment device for the processing of domestic wastewater with ensuring the reuse of water in economic activities.

 The proposed device for biological wastewater treatment has all the advantages of the prototype, as it also contains a vertically mounted cylindrical aeration tank, an aeration chamber with a central guide tube, a secondary sedimentation chamber with a module of plate-like precipitation elements parallel to each other, wastewater supply units, air, aeration, recirculation, removal of excess sludge and disinfection, while in the proposed device in the upper part of the aeration chamber coaxial to the housing mounted cylindric bioreactor-settler with voloknistoershovym polymer biozapolnitelem cylindrical portion fitted on the top of bioreactor overflow windows, opposite which on the radial holders at the top of the central segment-core guide tube fixed annular protective visor. The air duct of the air supply unit connected to the wastewater supply unit passes through the axis of the specified pipe to the boundary of the transition of the cylindrical part of the bioreactor to its conical bottom, having an air aerator located in the outlet section of the guide pipe, equipped with an end biconical distributor-reflector of the air-water flow located under the lower section of the pipe mixture with the diameter of the common base of the cones 3-5 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the guide pipe, and the annular space between the housing and of cylindrical portion bioreactor filled filter window entering through the overflow mixture biozagruzkoy granular porous, preferably expanded clay.

 The secondary sedimentation chamber of the liquid coming from the drain pipe located at the bottom of the housing of the first cleaning stage into the bottom space of the hydraulically connected second stage is made in the form of a vertical aerotank column, in the upper part of which there is a built-in sedimentation unit module, which is a tiered set of sheet truncated cones fixed by annular flanges of small bases on vertical uprights concentrically and evenly covering the annular receiver of clarified water, images nny said flange returns cones and the axial supply pipe upstream. At the same time, the specified pipe has tubular water distributors extending beyond the outer circumference of the truncated cones located between the vertical posts at the level of the clarified water drain pipe in the flanging of the upper tier cone, and the distance between the tiers is half the internal diameter of the column and the diameter of the larger base of the mentioned cones.

 In addition, the proposed device is equipped with a third stage of cleaning with a vertical tower-aeration tank for deep water treatment, coming from the drain pipe of clarified water of the second stage of treatment to the upper level of reception of the third stage hydraulically connected with it, divided into a clarification zone with a tertiary sedimentation chamber with a precipitation element module with a drain pipe of purified water in the flanging of the cone of the upper tier in the lower part of the tower, and the zone of tertiary mineralization located above the indicated module with female blocks of fiber-borne polymer biofill, and the basic aeration units of the treated waters are air-ejector and placed in the bottom spaces of the aeration tanks of each of the cleaning stages, and the working height of the aeration tanks and the contact tank of the treated water disinfection unit is gradually reduced in the direction of movement of the treated water.

 Also, a variant of the device is proposed in which a flotation foam collector mounted in the form of an annular chamber of two coaxial sheet cylinders connected at the lower ends by a common annular bottom is mounted above the upper cut of the bioreactor-settler of the housing of the first cleaning stage, the height of the inner cylinder being made smaller than the height of the outer one in the lower part of the drainage nozzle of the flooder, located above the superfilter filling level of the housing and communicated with the fluid supply unit to the second cleaning stage.

 A variant of the device is also proposed in which on the bottoms of its aeration tanks around the base aeration units there are installed air-water mixture distributors made in the form of a reverse truncated cone, the small base of which is located on the said bottoms, and the diameter of the larger base is equal to the inner diameter of the corresponding aeration tank.

 A variant of the device is also proposed in which the walls of its aero walls and the contact reservoir of the disinfection unit are made of winding fiberglass.

 And also a variant of the device is proposed in which the truncated sheet cones of the precipitating elements of the modules of the settling chambers are made of a biostable polymer-composite material.

 And finally, a variant of the device is proposed in which a biostable polymer coating is applied on the surface of sheet truncated cones of the precipitation elements of the modules of the settling chambers.

 Supply of the proposed device for biological treatment of wastewater at the first stage of their treatment with a settling bioreactor with a fiber-coated polymer aggregate and with its own aeration system having a biconical distributor-reflector of the air-water mixture flow, and an annular filter of granular-porous bio-loading, at the second stage with a sedimentation module made of long-drawn truncated sheet cones with tubular water distributors in the flanging of the upper tier cone, at the third stage, a tertiary sedimentation chamber with a module m of precipitation elements similar to the aforementioned and mineralizer with blocks of fiber-coated polymer biofiller, and also air-ejector units of basic aeration of the treated water and cone-shaped dispensers of the resulting air-water mixture in the bottom spaces of the aeration tanks of each of the cleaning stages, flotation retractor, as well as the implementation of the contact walls of the aeration tanks and nodes disinfection from winding fiberglass, and the cones of precipitation elements from biostable polymer-composite Nogo material or biostable polymeric coating to improve the efficiency and quality of treatment, increased operational durability.

Using the proposed device for biological wastewater treatment, containing the above distinguishing features, allows you to:
to increase the efficiency and quality of purification by intensifying the oxidation process and increasing the duration of mineralization through the use of three-stage wastewater treatment processes and a double aeration system: reactor plus basic (bottom);
to increase the operational durability of the device due to the implementation of the walls of the aeration tanks and the contact reservoir of the disinfection unit from winding fiberglass, and the truncated sheet cones of the precipitation elements of the settling chamber modules from a biostable polymer composite material, or with a biostable polymer coating;
to ensure the possibility of delivery to the installation site of treatment plants of tank facilities of full factory readiness, which simplifies the organization of installation works and improves the quality of assembly;
reduce labor requirements for the construction of treatment facilities in comparison with the construction of such structures from reinforced concrete;
increase the service life of aeration tanks and other capacitive equipment in comparison with the use of their steel counterparts;
to ensure the speed of vertical installation of tower structures, which have advantages in this design, compactness and improved use of oxygen in the air for aeration, reduce the amount of general construction work;
to bring the degree of wastewater treatment to the requirements for water quality in ponds of fish farms;
to provide the opportunity to reuse expensive fiberglass assemblies of dismantled rocket technology in economic activities, which significantly increases the economic indicators of treatment plants and helps to improve the environmental situation;
to provide easy blocking of prefabricated modules at the installation site in treatment plants with the possibility of increasing the productivity of the complex installation and varying the number of treatment steps, and therefore the quality of the water received.

Currently, the company has developed design and directive technological documentation that allows to start industrial production of a full-sized water treatment plant of eight modules (three pairs of aeration tanks of the first, second and third stages of cleaning and a pair of contact tanks of the treated water disinfection unit) based on cylindrical glass-fiber composites with internal with a diameter of 3250 mm, the estimated discharge capacity is 700 m ³ / day. In order to verify the correctness of the proposed device of structural and technological solutions, an experimental treatment module with an average wastewater flow rate of 2.9 m ³ / h was designed and manufactured. Glass fiber "ruffles" according to the technical specifications of TU 40.207.0792.001-98 and expanded clay were used as bio-fillers. The precipitation module of the experimental setup was made of sheet steel. In the future, it is planned to obtain precipitation truncated cones by vacuum pressing from fiberglass. The indicators of wastewater treated in the pilot module are as follows, mg / l: BODful. 3-6; suspended solids 3-5; nitrogen of ammonium salts 1-2; phosphates 1-3; Surfactant 1-1.5.

 The degree of effluent purification in an industrial installation will be higher due to an increase in the volume of bio-loads and a greater saturation of the treated liquid with atmospheric oxygen.

 The noted testing of the experimental treatment module allows us to conclude on the industrial applicability of the proposed device for biological wastewater treatment.

Claims (6)

 1. A device for biological wastewater treatment, containing a vertically mounted cylindrical housing-aeration tank, an aeration chamber with a central guide tube, a secondary sedimentation chamber with a module of plate-like settling elements parallel to each other, wastewater, air, aeration, recirculation units, removal of excess sludge and disinfection, characterized in that a cylindrical conical bioreactor-settler with a fiber-brushed floor is mounted in the upper part of the aeration chamber coaxially to the body a measured biofill of its cylindrical part, equipped with overflow windows on the top of the bioreactor, opposite which on the radial holders in the upper part of the inner reactor segment of the central guide tube, a protective annular visor is fixed, and along the axis of the pipe to the transition border of the cylindrical part of the bioreactor into its conical bottom passes connected with the node wastewater supply duct air supply unit having a reactor aerator located in the outlet section of the guide tube, equipped with a under the lower section of the named pipe, the end bioconic distributor-reflector of the water-air mixture flow with the diameter of the common base of the cones is 3 5 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the guide pipe, and the annular space between the body and the cylindrical part of the bioreactor is filled with a granular-porous bio-loading mixture that flows through overflow windows , mainly expanded clay, and the chamber of the secondary sedimentation of the liquid coming from the drain pipe located at the bottom of the housing of the first stage of cleaning, in the bottom space of the second stage hydraulically connected with it, is made in the form of a vertical aeration tank column, in the upper part of which a module of precipitation elements is built up, which is a tiered set of sheet truncated cones fixed by ring flanges of small bases on vertical struts, concentrically and evenly covering them an annular clarified water receiver formed by said flanges of cones and an axial upward feed pipe, the latter having on the upper end There are tubular water distributors extending beyond the outer circumference of the truncated cones located between the vertical posts at the level of the clarified water drain pipe in the flanging of the upper tier cone, and the distance between the tiers is half the difference between the inner diameter of the column and the diameter of the larger base of the mentioned cones, the device is equipped with a third cleaning stage - a vertical tower - an aerotank of deep water treatment, coming from the drain pipe of clarified water of the second stage of treatment to the upper intake level hydraulically connected to it of the third stage, divided into a clarification zone with a tertiary sedimentation chamber with a precipitation element module, with a purified water drain pipe in the flare of the upper tier cone in the lower part of the tower and a tertiary mineralization zone located above the specified module with loaded fiber-brushed polymer bio-filler blocks moreover, the nodes of the basic aeration of the treated water are air-ejector and placed in the bottom spaces of the aeration tanks of each of the stages of treatment, and the working the height of the aeration tanks and the contact tank of the treated water disinfection unit is gradually reduced in the direction of movement of the treated water.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that over the upper cut of the bioreactor-settler of the housing of the first cleaning stage mounted flotation foam collector, made in the form of an annular chamber of two coaxial sheet cylinders connected at the lower ends of the common annular bottom, and the height of the inner cylinder is made smaller height of the outer one, having a drainage nozzle of the floatostot located in the lower part, located above the superfilter filling level of the housing and communicated with the fluid supply unit to the second cleaning stage.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the bottoms of its aeration tanks around the nodes of basic aeration, air-water mixture distributors are installed made in the form of a reverse truncated cone, a small base of which is located on these bottoms, and the diameter of the larger base is equal to the inner diameter of the corresponding aeration tank.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls of its aeration tanks and the contact reservoir of the disinfection unit are made of winding fiberglass.  5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheet truncated cones of the precipitating elements of the modules of the sedimentation chambers are made of a biostable polymer-composite material.  6. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that on the surface of the truncated sheet cones of the precipitation elements of the modules of the settling chambers, a biostable polymer coating is applied.

Images