RU2053330C1 - Excavating method applied for building covered pipeline, device for implementation the same, warm and throwing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building covered pipeline. SUBSTANCE: stacking layer of rich soil removed along the run and extracted from the trench is carried out on one side of the run being laid. Stacking soil is carried out in front of the trench and earlier placed bank of the rich soil. Trench filling and rich soil distributing are performed by the same device that develop those. Device for carrying out the method includes base motor vehicle with installed rotor to excavate the soil from the trench and a warm to remove rich soil. Conveying rich soil into the bank being stacked is performed by the warm. Throwing unit is installed on rotor frame to convey soil. The throwing unit is made in the form of concave plates of changeable curvature. Replaceable looseners with grid-type work surface are installed on both sides on rotor frame to compress the soil. EFFECT: high productivity. 6 cl, 24 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to earthworks, in particular during the construction of closed pipelines.

 A known accepted as a prototype method of excavation during the construction of a closed pipeline, including the removal of the vegetative layer of soil (humus) with bulldozers (from the future construction route), a fragment of the trench with a rotary excavator, backfilling of the trench with bulldozers, the restoration of the humus layer (returning the humus layer to its previous location, i.e., on the day surface of the route under construction and its distribution on this surface with a thickness equal to the thickness previously removed).

The disadvantages of the method are:
low accuracy (in thickness) of the work performed within not less than ± 5 cm, which is 30-60% with a thickness of the layer to be removed equal to 15-30 cm;
poor quality of earthmoving by bulldozers (inconsistency of the thickness of adjacent passages ± 3 cm with a layer thickness cut off in one pass of the machine equal to 10-15 cm), which causes mixing of a large amount of humus with inert (previously developed bedding layer of clay, sand, etc. n. soil);
the lack of compaction of the backfill soil and the reclaimed humus layer, which accompanies the development of erosion in rainy and spring periods of time, which accompanies the occurrence of ravines, since low-strength disturbed soil structures (humus layer) are quickly eroded by water on the slopes of the day surface, and the straightness of the previously opened trench and filled with not compacted soil helps to concentrate the water flow, helps to collect many small streams into a single powerful water stream, the width of which is limited it is called the vertical walls of the trench, which consists of a pillar of undisturbed soil, which has a higher strength in comparison with bulk not compacted soil;
low productivity of bulldozers on earthwork due to the small amount of soil being moved and the forced continuous operation of the engine in light conditions;
low efficiency of the method due to the use of a large number of inefficient machines and the complexity of the organization of work.

 Known adopted for the prototype continuous digging machine for digging trenches and channels, which includes a tractor, a working body of the rotary type, knives, slopes or screws and a conveyor belt. The rotor tears off a recess with vertical walls, knives-slopes or screws make the slope of the walls more gentle, a conveyor belt moves the soil beyond the boundaries of the developed recess.

 The disadvantage of the design of a continuous digging machine is its highly specialized purpose; it can only tear off a trench with steep or gentle walls, it cannot perform other earthwork. In addition, this machine has a complex design of the soil transfer device, made in the form of a conveyor belt, including a spatial structure frame, rubberized tape, drive and tension drums and a large number of support and supporting rollers, each of which, in addition to the housing and shaft, has at least two bearing units with mud and oil deflectors, gaskets and storage tanks for lubricant. The design drawback is also that the conveyor belt cannot be very short and cannot service the operation of a narrow trench machine developing a small face, with laying a small amount of soil in the immediate vicinity of the trench being developed. The long range of soil removal by a belt conveyor is a consequence of the long length of the conveyor and the high speed of its belt, and with it the soil, so the machine is used to develop a large cross-section of the face when the developed soil requires a large area of its placement, and therefore a large range of its removal .

 A common disadvantage of the machine is that it performs a highly specialized type of work only tears trenches. Other machines specified in the known method either perform auxiliary work on removing the vegetative soil layer or backfilling it, but do not perform both operations together, especially since they are one of the known earth-moving machines that cannot perform soil compaction operations. For these works, soil compaction machines are used, which also have only a highly specialized purpose for compaction of the soil, they do not perform other works.

 Known soil compaction machines, the working elements of which are rigid metal and pneumatic rollers.

 However, the movement of these elements on loose soil, sprinkled with a large layer, is difficult, since in this case compaction occurs as a continuous continuous strip under the action of large vertical forces and the soil, being compressed, greatly decreases in volume, as a result, a large difference in the height of the soil and the movement of the machine are formed in front of the rollers very difficult. In addition, the continuous contact of the working surface of the sealant with the soil does not allow the creation of high contact stresses on the soil surface, which will be transmitted to a greater depth and will allow compaction at a greater depth. In addition, a continuous strip of dense soil does not allow plants to give good shoots on the road under construction and to fix its daily surface with roots.

 Known cam rollers, which are widely used for compaction of cohesive soil. They consist of a smooth hard roller with fixed working elements made in the form of cams. During operation, the gravity of the entire roller is transmitted only by one adjacent cam to the ground, so the roller is made durable with a high degree of rigidity, and this increases the weight of its structure.

 The focusing of large gravity on a small supporting surface of the cam allows you to create high contact stresses on the soil surface, while the cam is embedded in loose soil and compacts the volume in its lower part. As the seal densifies, the cam “pops up” since the thickness of the densified layer increases rather than the densified one. The upper (day) surface of the soil (5-6 cm) after performing soil compaction works remains loose.

 The disadvantage of cam rollers is their large weight, and therefore the high metal consumption of their design due to the need to manufacture a roller in the form of a continuous cylinder with a high degree of rigidity so that its body does not deform under the action of compressive and bending forces on the peripheral part of the cams, which are consoles having a small fixing surface only the end face of the cam and receiving large bending forces when hitting a stone or lump of hard ground. The biggest drawback of cam rollers is that they work only on compaction of cohesive soils of low and medium humidity, with greater humidity of loose soil, it sticks between the cams and the solid surface of the roller, the cylindrical shape of the roller changes, and the quality of the seal deteriorates. At the same time, the surface of the drum is very difficult to clear of adhering soil.

 The closest solution is the design of lattice rollers, the rollers of which are made of a steel lattice, it is cast by individual links or welded from bar material. The roller of the roller is at the same time its supporting body and working element. The presence of windows in the grate reduces the metal consumption of the drum structure and creates good conditions for cleaning the rollers from adhering soil. After compaction of the soil with the roller grill, the upper (day) surface of the soil remains loose.

 Lattice rollers are used for cohesive and incoherent soils of various humidity, loose and containing lumps, which are crushed by the lattice of the roller, which significantly improves the quality of compaction. Compared to cam rollers of the same weight, trellised rollers work the soil to a somewhat greater depth.

 The disadvantage of trellised rollers is that their metal construction is light and therefore, when operating, the rollers are usually loaded with ballast, since the gravity of the roller is insufficient for effective soil compaction. In addition, the disadvantages include the fact that the lattice rollers being manufactured by trailers, semi-trailers and self-propelled must necessarily have an independent frame, tractor and towing device, otherwise they are not functional.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of the process, improving the quality of work performed, protecting the construction route from water erosion.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of conducting earthworks during the construction of a closed pipeline, including removing vegetable soil from the construction route, storing it in the form of a roller along the route, excavating and storing soil along the trench, backfilling the trench and distributing the vegetable soil on the surface, the following changes have been introduced: the removal and storage of vegetable soil and soil from the trench are performed simultaneously using one machine.

 Backfilling of the trench and reclamation of the plant layer is also carried out simultaneously with layer-by-layer compaction of the soil to be filled with one machine. Moreover, the upper (day) surface of the backfill of the soil is not compacted and left loose, and the seal is maintained so that the sealant contacts only the top of the soil roller without transferring pressure forces to the previously compacted layer or the whole of the soil.

 The method is implemented by a device including a traction means, a rotor with buckets, slopes, an organ for transporting and storing soil into which a working element is again introduced in the form of a horizontal screw located in front of the traction means, removable grids mounted on rotor buckets, removable cylindrical seals, hinged on the rotor frame, and the body for transporting and storing soil is made in the form of a thrower and is mounted above the axis of rotation of the rotor perpendicular to this axis.

 The screw contains racks mounted on the shaft with cutting elements and transporting blades mounted on racks at an angle to the axis of rotation of the screw. To ensure the formation of the roller when storing the soil, one of the ends of the screw is made with high feedability, and the blades at this end are installed with a smaller angle of inclination to the axis of rotation of the screw. To ensure backfilling of the trench, the average auger posts are removable.

 The thrower consists of plates fixed along the edges of a regular polygonal prism with a gap between them, and the axis of rotation of the thrower coincides with the axis of the prism.

 Cylindrical seals are made in the form of a steel bar grill, which are mounted on the rotor frame with the possibility of transmitting the rotor gravity to the ground and moving the working surface of the seals along a path perpendicular to the supporting surface of the traction means.

 Thus, the common distinguishing features of the method is the simultaneous execution of all operations when excavating a trench or when it is backfilled with one machine in one pass, and when filling the trench, the soil is also compacted.

 The introduction of a separate compaction of inert soil, as well as its compaction along the top of the roller, and then compaction of the plant soil with simultaneous loosening of the upper layer of the compaction of plant soil, can further improve the quality of the introduction of work and the degree of protection against erosion.

 The introduction of a horizontal screw and thrower with a concave surface, as well as removable seals and removable grilles on the buckets, allows to expand technological capabilities and significantly increase labor productivity. In addition, the auger and thrower can be used in other devices.

 The fastening of removable lattice cylindrical seals pivotally on the rotor frame improves the quality of the seal.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the removal of the plant soil layer from the construction route; figure 2 diagram of excerpts of the trench; figure 3 diagram of the laying of the pipeline; figure 4 diagram of the backfilling of soil in the trench and its compaction in the trench; in FIG. 5 scheme of backfilling and compaction of the plant layer (reclamation of the humus layer); figure 6 diagram of the completed construction; figure 7 shows a General view of a digging machine, side view; Fig. 8 is the same, view A; Fig.9 is the same, view B; figure 10 auger working body for removing the vegetable soil layer (humus layer); figure 11 is the same, view B; in FIG. 12 the same, view G; on Fig working body for backfilling the trench (auger with blades removed in the middle part); on Fig soil compacting working body, rear view; in FIG. 15 the same installed behind the earth moving machine; in FIG. 16 soil thrower; on Fig diagram of the removal of the plant layer of soil with a screw working body of the digging machine during its first pass; on Fig a diagram of excerpts of the trench by the rotary working body during the first passage of the digging machine; on Fig scheme of filling the trench with a screw working body during the second (return) passage of the digging machine; in Fig.20 diagram of the compaction of the soil backfilling trenches in the second pass of the digging machine, equipped with interchangeable working elements of the seal; on Fig and 22 schemes IV and VI of the passages of the digging machine with backfilling of vegetable soil; in FIG. 23 scheme of compaction of the plant soil layer with an earth moving machine equipped with interchangeable working elements of the seal; on Fig scheme of transportation of the device by road.

 The device consists of a traction means 1, a screw 2 with a drive 3 and blades 4, mounted on racks 5, a rotor 6 with buckets 7 and sealing elements 8, removable cylindrical seals 9, a soil thrower 10.

 The method of excavation during the construction of a closed pipeline of small cross section includes the following construction operations.

 To preserve the vegetation layer of the soil during all construction operations, the vegetation layer from the future construction route of the closed pipeline is removed and moved to the side outside the developed excavation, where it is stored in a temporary dump in the form of a continuous roller (Fig. 1).

The trench opens in the middle part of the strip of the removed vegetative soil layer (Fig. 2) to the depth of seasonal freezing of the soil, the size of which includes the thickness of the removed vegetative layer. The size of the width of the trench exceeds the diameter of the pipeline by at least 20 cm, which will ensure free laying of pipes. Inert soil is stored in the form of a continuous roller along the trench from the side of the previously laid vegetable soil and is poured in the immediate vicinity of it to a site free of vegetable soil. This will allow you to compactly place on a small area two types of soil that cannot be mixed and which should be stored separately and laid at their previous location also separately. The size of the upper part of the trench is increased by 25% compared with the size of the height of the trench, which will increase the resistance of the walls of the trench to collapse. The expansion of the trench begins at a distance of 50 cm from its bottom, which will determine the angle of inclination of the expanding part of the trench within the angle of natural collapse of the soil equal to 75 ^about .

 The removal of plant soil and a fragment of the trench with the simultaneous formation of steep slopes is performed simultaneously by one machine.

 Transportation, layout and laying of pipes in a trench are performed by known methods. Welding of lashes is carried out on the site, free from the vegetative layer of soil (figure 3). At the same time, to facilitate welding, underlays are installed under the pipes. Pipes are lowered by route pipe layers equipped with grippers (towels). All machines (pipe trucks, stackers, welding machines) move along the clean side of the trench.

 Backfilling of the trench is carried out by moving inert soil from its temporary dump into the trench (figure 4). Moreover, in order to place all the soil in the volume of the open trench, in order to exclude subsidence during the long-term operation of the structure and to exclude the subsequent decrease in the thickness of the vegetative soil layer, over the trench when leveling it, the soil not placed in the trench is laid over the upper surface of the trench in the form of a roller, which It is leveled to the surface of the rear pillar of the soil by the method of compaction.

 To improve the accuracy and quality of the work performed, the backfilling of the trench and compaction of the backfill soil are performed in one step, by one machine (Fig. 4).

 Backfilling of the plant layer (reclamation) is carried out by moving from the temporary dump of the plant soil and its simultaneous leveling over the area of previously removed plant soil (humus layer) (figure 5).

 According to agrotechnical requirements, the thickness of the plant soil layer after all pipe laying and filling it with an inert layer must be no less than the initial thickness, i.e. it should be equal to the thickness of the soil layer, which was before the start of construction (Fig.6). The density of the plant layer should correspond to its initial density i.e. the one that was before the start of construction. Otherwise, erosion processes will progress in the future.

 To perform the above agricultural requirements, the plant layer simultaneously with the leveling is compacted by the same machine (figure 5). The combination of two works in one machine will improve the quality and speed up the process of their implementation, since the soil developed by the rotor and auger and just moved to the track has a one-dimensional structure, which is more compact and easier to compact.

 A device for conducting earthworks during the construction of a closed pipeline contains a traction means 1 (Fig. 7), a screw 2 with a drive 3 (Fig. 8), blades 4 and 5, mounted with racks 6 on the shaft 7 (Fig. 10, 11, 12 and 13), a rotor 8 with buckets 9 (Figs. 7 and 9), sealing elements 10 and soil compactors 11 (Figs. 14 and 15), a soil transfer device (thrower) 12 (Fig. 7) of drum type.

 Soil-moving blades 4 (10 and 12) of the screw 2 (7 and 8) are made of plates curved in the form of a sickle with a smaller radius of curvature from the side of the screw shaft and installed at an angle to its axis of rotation, the numerical value of which is greater angle of internal friction of the moved material. The middle auger blades are removable (Fig.13). On the unloading side, the auger has double entry and hard-propelled throwing blades 5 (FIGS. 10 and 11), differing from the soil-moving blades 4 by the location of a small radius of curvature on their peripheral part and a smaller installation angle to the axis of rotation of the screw, the numerical value of which is less than the angle internal friction of the transported material. On the peripheral part of the uprights 6 of the blades 4 and 5 there are cutting elements in the form of teeth 13 (Fig.10). Soil-moving blades 4 located in the middle part of the screw 2 (Fig. 8) are attached to its shaft 7 by means of a flange connection 14 (Fig. 10) and, if necessary, can be removed from the screw shaft (Fig. 13). The rotor has soil-forming elements made in the form of buckets 9 with teeth and removable soil-sealing elements 10 made of rods, some of which are curved along the radius, the numerical value of which is equal to the outer radius of the rotor, the other part has a straight shape. They are fixed at a distance of 4-5 sizes of the diameter of the rod on curved rods, which in turn are also fixed at a certain distance on the rotor buckets with the possibility of their easy installation.

 The soil compactors 11 consist of a shaft 15 (Fig. 14) interacting through the seal struts 16 with the working elements of the seal, which are the rings 17 and the transverse generatrices 18. Both of them are made of bar material and are rigidly fixed to each other in such a way that they form a lattice with a window size of 4-5 bar diameter sizes. The seals interact with the rotor frame through cylindrical hinges 19 and flange connectors 20 (Fig. 14).

 The thrower 12 (Fig. 7) for transporting and laying soil consists of narrow plates 27 (Fig. 16) located along the generatrix of the body of revolution at an equidistant distance from one another and rigidly mounted on the shaft 22, pivotally mounted on the rotor frame perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor . The outer surface of the body of revolution has a concave (corset-like) shape of variable curvature with a smaller size on the side of the soil intake.

 The device operates as follows (arrows without indices indicate the direction of movement of the device elements and ground masses).

 With the rotation of the rotor 8 (Fig. 7), the shaft of the screw 2 and the translational movement of the traction device 1 towards the screw 2, the soil is destroyed by the teeth 13 of the screw 2, captured by its blades 4 (Figs. 10 and 12) and glides along their curved inclined surface to the side the axis of rotation of the screw shaft, where, due to a decrease in the distance from the axis of rotation of the shaft to the center of gravity of the soil, its centrifugal forces, and with it the lifting forces, decrease, while the vertical velocity of the soil is lost and the sliding speed along the blade surface increases, t. e. horizon linear movement and the soil slides along the working surface of the blade in the direction of the axis of rotation, i.e. in the direction of unloading (Fig. 17), gradually accumulating on the working surfaces of the blades, and due to gravity it freely pours out with little resistance to movement from one blade to another, not reaching the height of the screw shaft, not pouring through it and not coming into contact with ground slaughter. At the end of the screw, the soil enters the throwing blades 5 (Fig. 11), where due to the smaller angle of inclination of their working surface with respect to the axis of rotation of the screw shaft (when they are horizontal) and the greater eccentricity of the location of the greatest curvature since it is more distant from the axis rotation of the screw shaft, the movement of the soil is inhibited due to the presence of an end face, its direction changes (Fig. 17) and begins to move upward, concentrating on the more distant outer end of the blade, where it is thrown onto it centrifugal forces, where it is delayed until the region of the blade 5 with the soil on it, comes out of contact with the side face soil, while the direction of action of the centrifugal forces and gravity of the soil changes. As a result, the force that presses the soil to the blade (it also holds it by the friction forces on the blade) will decrease and cause a decrease in the friction forces of the soil against the blade; the reactive force of the ground pressure of the pillar on the soil lying on the blade will be absent and the soil will begin to slide into the side of the slope of the working surface of the auger blades, and since the blades are located at the discharge end of the auger, the soil slides off the blade and receives the lateral direction of movement from the slope of the blade, slides along it, leaves the contact with the working surface NOSTA blade and fall in free flight moves beyond the dimensions of the end part of the conveyor 2 (Figure 8), being formed with a roller.

 The running equipment of the excavator moves along the surface of the recess that the screw has formed, since the length of the screw has a size slightly larger than the width of the caterpillar stroke of the excavator (Figs. 8 and 17).

 The auger operation process described above allows performing the operation of the proposed method to remove the vegetative (humus) soil layer (Fig. 1) and fold the displaced soil in the form of a roller along the track.

 The soil of the trench is torn off by the rotor, the slopes are formed by the slope formers 23 (Figs. 9 and 18), the soil destroyed by the teeth is taken by the buckets 9 of the rotor 8 and moves up, where under the influence of gravity it falls out of the buckets and falls onto the rotating thrower 12 (Figs. 7 and 18 ) Upon contact with the surface of the conveyor, the soil changes the direction of movement (Figs. 7, 9 and 18) and is carried away by the forces of friction of the soil against the surface of the thrower (reinforced by the ridges of the working surface), while receiving an energy impulse in the horizontal direction, by centrifugal forces it is torn off from the working surface of the conveyor and freely falls outside the trench to the surface of the pipeline under construction, previously cleaned with a screw from plant soil (Fig. 18).

 The ground particles scattered in space, falling from the bucket under the action of the forces of its own gravity, in contact with the working surface of the thrower tend to slide (Fig. 16) along it towards the smaller transverse size (small diameter) of the thrower, where the right and left streams should be connected, in as a result, a concentrated soil flow is formed, which is moved by the friction forces reinforced by the clamping effect of the two cones towards the laying. Scattered particles that are not connected to the flow on the surface of the thrower will do this a little later in flight space.

 The small size of one side of the thrower accompanies better reception of the soil moving with the bucket at a low speed, the large size of the other side of the thrower stops the soil and accompanies its lesser spillage through the thrower and increases its useful working surface.

 Thus, the corset-shaped cell form of the thrower stimulates the formation of concentrated soil flow, enhances the forces of instant adhesion of the soil to the surface of the thrower and allows to increase its productivity, and the direction of the plates along the radius (in the opposite direction from the axis of rotation) allows to obtain a trapezoidal cross-section of the interplate space forming the working cells thrower (Fig.16), and since centrifugal forces act in the direction from the axis of rotation, the trapezoidal shape of the working cells, character It is characterized by the absence of clamping forces, which accompanies self-cleaning of the cells.

 The described work of the rotor and the thrower allows you to perform the working operation of the proposed method (figure 2) to open the trench and lay the excavated soil along the developed trench. Since the screw, rotor and thrower are elements of the same device of the machine and work simultaneously, therefore, the described device allows you to perform two operations at the same time (Fig.1 and 2).

 Backfilling of the soil is carried out in the reverse order (Fig.19). In this case, before filling the trench, the middle blades (Fig. 13) are removed from the screw shaft 2 (Fig. 8), soil compaction elements 10 (Figs. 14 and 15) are mounted on the buckets 9 of the rotor 8 (Fig. 7), and on the rotor frame with using hinges 19 and flanges 20 mounted soil compactors 9 (Fig.14 and 15). The machine is positioned in such a way that when the material to be poured is located on the intake side of the screw, the running equipment is placed on the surface of the track free from the vegetative soil layer, and the trench between the tractor tracks (Fig. 19), the screw is lowered to the level of the lower part of the running equipment, and the valve lifting the rotor is placed in a floating (neutral) position. Since the sealing elements and the sealant have not a continuous working surface, but a lattice one, soil compaction occurs “from the bottom up” upon receipt of the outer surface of the soil being compacted with longitudinal and transverse dents.

 When the screw 2 rotates (Fig. 7) and the traction means 1 (Fig. 7) moves forward, the material is captured by the blades 4 and moves to the unloading side, reaching the trench, the soil moves under the influence of gravity into the trench and fills it, and the remaining part of the soil that didn’t fit in the trench (since the destroyed soil has a volume larger than that which it occupied in its natural occurrence before tearing off the trench) is poured (since there are no middle blades at the screw) in the form of a roller over the surface of the trench. The rotor, disconnected from the drive transmission, due to the friction forces of the sealing elements on the soil freely rolls over the surface of the roller and forces its gravity to compact the soil in the trench (Fig. 20). Moreover, the working surface of the soil compactors 11 is constantly parallel to the contact area of the running equipment with the soil and creates tension on the upper part of the sprinkled soil roller without touching its pillar, since the excavator frame interacts with the tractor frame using two flat hinges, which ensures a constant vertical arrangement of the rotor in relation to the supporting part of the running equipment, and with it the leveling of the working surface of cylindrical seals.

 The described work on filling the trench with a screw with removed middle blades and at the same time compaction of the soil in the trench with the rotor sealing elements meet the requirements of the operation of backfilling and compaction of the soil in the trench described in the proposed excavation method (Fig. 4).

 Reclamation of the plant layer (Fig. 5) is carried out with such an movement of the excavator, when the soil from the roller will be moved by the screw towards its laying (Figs. 21 and 22). For this, the auger, fully assembled (when it has working blades in full) and installed at the level of the supporting surface of the running equipment of the excavator (Figs. 21 and 22), rotates with a frequency lower than average. The humus layer of soil is captured from the roller of the temporary dump by the working blades of the screw and moved by them towards the unloading part of the screw.

 Due to the low frequency of rotation of the screw shaft 7, the process of moving the soil changes, since the soil does not have time to rise with the soil-moving blade 4, it slides from it in the lower part of the face at the time of its collection and as a result of the active pressure forces of the blade and the action of reactive friction forces about the face soil, the moved soil is shifted by the blade towards the unloading part of the screw without losing contact with the face soil. Therefore, when moving soil over a recess that was previously excavated as a result of removal of the plant layer, the soil falls into it under the action of gravity and, as the recess is filled, subsequent portions of soil continue to move further blades 4 further, filling other volumes of the recess. The casting blades 5 in this case form a roller from the residual soil from the side of the discharge part of the screw (Fig. 21).

 If one pass of the machine is not enough to completely equalize the recess, several passes are performed (Fig. 22).

 Simultaneously with the leveling of the recess, the soil moved by the screw is compacted by the working soil-sealing elements 10 of the rotor 8 and its side cylindrical seals 11 (Fig. 23). In this case, both of them have full contact with the soil, since the axis of rotation of the screw and the axis of rotation of the rotor are parallel, and therefore the plane formed by the screw will also be parallel to the plane of the compacted soil. With a small width of the side seals, not all the strip worked out by the screw is compacted, while part of the soil is compacted by the running equipment of the tractor (Fig. 23). And since the width of the auger and the width of the earth-moving machine do not differ much from each other, the entire strip of soil covered by the auger is compacted, which ensures high accuracy of the work.

 With a large rotor width, cylindrical seals 11 can be made wide, in total with the width of the rotor 8 with elements 10 equal to the overall width of the screw 2, as a result, the strip worked by the screw will also be worked out by soil compaction tools 10 and 11 and throughout the width of the screw.

 The working elements 10, 17 and 18 of the soil sealing bodies do not contact the working medium (i.e., soil) with the entire continuous geometric surface of the cylinder, but only with their small supporting surface, limited by the cross-sectional area of the rod. When transferring the excavator’s gravity to the rods, they overcome low resistance to crushing loose soil, move to the soil together with the soil located directly below the contact area, until the strength of the deformed compacted soil becomes equal to the value of artificially created contact stresses in the soil.

 The voltage that arises under the rod by the sealing element increases with increasing depth, while the elementary volumes of soil located on the vertical axis of the window, although not located under the rods, are in a stressed state, the intensity of which depends on the distance from the surface. The zone stresses, as they move away from the surface, overlap each other, which increases the stress state of those volumes of soil that are located under the grating window and compact them, leaving traces of the action of elements in the form of depressions on the surface of the soil being compacted. In the upper zone of the inter-rod space, the stress state of the soil is completely absent and the soil on the compacted surface remains loose.

 The described work on leveling the plant soil layer and its compaction (Fig.21, 22 and 23) are performed simultaneously, since both working bodies are installed on the same machine and work simultaneously (Fig.15) and perform the last two (Fig.5) work operations (leveling and compaction of the vegetative soil layer) of the proposed method of conducting earthwork. In case of forced back passages after filling the trench (Figs. 19 and 20) and the first pass after the distribution of the vegetative soil layer (Fig. 21), the machine’s tracks move along the track of the previous pass, the auger is raised to the transport position, the rotor with seals is lowered to the ground and makes a seal soil.

 The machine is transported over a long distance by a trailer (Fig. 24), and a short distance under its own power with raised working bodies.

 The way to carry out excavation work to remove plant soil from the construction route, trench digging, storing soil in the form of a roller along the route, backfilling the soil and compacting it with one continuous digging machine is characterized by high productivity and quality of work, which are ensured by the continuity of the process, high the accuracy of the positioning of the working bodies in relation to the digging machine and to the developed soil, the absence of auxiliary x technological operations (idle driveways, floors passes turns, the centering machine and the like), high precision roller arrangement.

Claims (6)

 1. The method of excavation during the construction of a closed pipeline, including removing the fertile layer from the construction route, storing it in the form of a shaft along the route, excavating from the trench, storing it in the form of a roller along the route, backfilling the trench and distributing the fertile layer along the route , characterized in that, in order to increase productivity and improve the quality of work, the storage of the removed fertile layer and the storage of the soil removed from the trench is carried out in one direction from the wire my runs, wherein the roller excavated soil from the trench formed between the previously formed roll topsoil and trenching and backfilling the trench with soil and topsoil uniform distribution along the path are performed simultaneously and soil compaction and topsoil.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, with the aim of survival of plants of future crops, compaction of the distributed fertile layer is carried out with simultaneous loosening of its upper part.  3. A device for excavation during the construction of a closed pipeline, including a base machine with a rotor with a soil transporting mechanism and a working body for removing the fertile layer, characterized in that the body for removing the fertile layer is made in the form of a screw located in front of the base machine and the soil transporting mechanism is made in the form of a thrower mounted on the rotor frame perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor.  4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it is equipped with removable cylindrical seals, the working surface of which is made in the form of a lattice, while the seals are located on both sides of the rotor frame with the possibility of rotation around its axis.  5. A screw containing racks mounted on the shaft with destructive elements and mounted at an angle to the axis of rotation of the auger and transporting blades rigidly connected to the racks, characterized in that the blades are made in the form of sickle-shaped plates.  6. A thrower made of plates located along the generatrix of the body of revolution at an equidistant distance from one another, characterized in that the envelope surface of the body of revolution is made of variable curvature.

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