RU1821092C - Planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: agriculture and forestry, in particular the creation of forest plantations in the winter. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Landing is made by drilling holes in the soil to the size of frozen and briquetted root systems. At the same time, the area and soil for planting can not be prepared. 1 zpf

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and forestry, in particular, the creation of forest crops by planting planting material.

About 80% of forest crops are created by planting, which has advantages over sowing: seed consumption is reduced 4–7 times; uniform distribution and higher survival rate of seedlings and seedlings; the number of plant cares is reduced and the time for growing forest crops is shortened. Planting includes the following processes and operations: preparation of planting material and its delivery to the forest and cultural area, preparation of the area, crafts of seats, planting and care. Moreover, it was assumed that the best time for planting is early spring, before the start of vegetation of the transplanted plants, and also in the fall 2 to 3 weeks before the onset of frost. When digging,

transportation and storage of planting material is not allowed to injure plants, dry their root systems, etc. When planting, it is necessary to ensure a tight seal of the root systems to prevent their bends.

Planting by these methods is carried out on a previously prepared or at the same time prepared area and also on treated soil. The extremely short planting dates (in the spring of 5-10 days and in the fall of 15-20 days, depending on the region and weather) and significant areas pose the industry a task on its own, without damaging agricultural work to cultivate clearings and other land in a timely manner. At present, two directions have been identified in solving this issue: increasing the level of mechanization and automation of work with the aim of increasing productivity (ha / cm) and extending the term for planting crops,

(/

with

with

go

oh oh

N

those. carry out spring planting until July. This extension is ensured by briquetting of the root systems and providing the plant with vital conditions irrespective of their vegetative state, as well as by prolongation of the resting state.

There is a known method of planting forest crops with planting material of the Brik type, in which the root systems of seedlings or seedlings are reinforced - placed between two tiles of poorly decomposed sphagum peat, which are fastened with a perforated plastic film. Such planting material is used in machine or manual (under a hoe, Liliput device, etc.) planting, as a rule, on drained, unreinforced clearings. This method using planting material with a closed root system allows extending the planting season and automating the planting process. However, such planting material is quite expensive, both due to the greater complexity of manufacturing and the materials used. The selection of material for root closure is multifaceted: to create conditions for growth; protection against mechanical damage; protection ot drained and disease infections. Inconsistency of the composition of the briquette with the soil conditions of mestroisotaniz leads to the death of crops due to undeveloped roots. The disadvantages of this method include the huge volume of land transported together with planting material, the fragility of these briquettes is sufficient, which requires additional material and physical costs. The disadvantage associated with the presence of the briquette itself (volume, weight, labor costs for briquetting, transportation, etc.) is eliminated by scientists from Belarus, replacing the briquette with a half-dimensional root coating. Such a coating protects the roots from drying out, infection by diseases, easy to use, coating is inexpensive, small in volume. However, seedlings in this case are practically not protected from mechanical damage, negative temperature influence.

The second way of lengthening the time — lengthening the rest period is achieved, in particular, by keeping snow out on the plots with seedlings by, for example, mulching the snow cover, keeping seedlings, seedlings in refrigerators, glaciers.

However, in a number of cases, none of the application methods is possible. This is primarily true.

to permafrost zones or close to them. These zones are characterized by the fact that the operation of any equipment, and in particular, forestry, is possible only with freezing swamps, soils, and the presence of snow. Planting crops at this time is also determined by the concentration of technology, people, the ability to more accurately determine the technology for laying crops.

For reforestation under permafrost conditions, a method for planting plants, mainly conifers in winter, is proposed in which the preparation of planting material consists in briquetting and keeping it close to the temperature of the planting medium at a temperature below the temperature of the planting medium for the time of leveling in the briquette; Seats are prepared on openings that are not uprooted if there is snow cover and frozen ground by drilling mok; at the same time, they are predominantly positioned in a straight-line and uniform manner with an orientation to obstacles that are visually determined with a tractor-covered snow cover, and the readiness of the sites for carrying out these works is determined by the sufficient bearing capacity of the soil - the tractor's patency at the clearings of the past or current year without damage to the surface of the soil; landing is carried out by placing briquettes with a lump of earth; with plant root systems in drilled holes that are as close as possible to the size of the lumps from the seal, they are compacted in the hole and sprinkled with snow.

Unlike the Brikka system, the proposed method, providing winter planting, uses a frozen block of soil on the plant root system (as a briquette), whose temperature corresponds to the temperature of the environment; landing is carried out in drilled landing pits, the sizes of which correspond to the size of a coma; planting is carried out by a dormant plant. and another briquetted root system.

An analysis of the features of the proposed method, not only with the features of the prototype, shows that the method of winter transplantation of plants is known, for example, in landscape gardening and communal services. Transplanted plants are dug in winter from frozen ground, usually in a circular trench. The lump on the roots is protected from destruction by shields from boards or burlap, tarpaulin. Planting mu is prepared at any time of the year (usually in the fall) in size and shape close to a block

0

5

0

5

0

5

0

5

5

transplanted tree. This method uses naturally grown trees, the roots of which must be cut when digging. The placement of the block in the landing mu involves the subsequent falling asleep of the channel intervals with blocks of frozen earth, and after thawing and subsidence, the ordinary one, with appropriate correction of the trunks, if necessary.

Tulip-type devices are known for transplanting naturally renewed plants into or in addition to crops.

When opening, a three-knife clamshell shovel is installed near the stem of a dug plant with coverage of the root system, pressing a shovel deepens with cutting the roots, etc., and closes them around a block of soil from the root. howling plant system. The shape of the block is spherical-conical, which allows it to be placed in the landing flap prepared in the right place with the same tool with the maximum fit of the block - without voids and root curls. However, such a tool does not prepare seedlings and does not prepare seats in winter conditions with snow cover and frozen ground due to the unsuitability of the structure, the inability to go under the snow and carefully dig out planting material.

The use in the proposed method of prepared (rather than naturally grown) seedlings from seedlings with a block of frozen soil on the roots, which are placed in a hole drilled on a forested area with snow cover and frozen ground, the size and shape of which corresponds to the block on the roots of the seedling differs from known methods and these differences should be considered significant.

The method is carried out as follows.

 Preparation of planting material consists in briquetting the roots of dug up seedlings or seedlings from the nursery and stored in a refrigerator (cellar, at t 0 ° C). Briquetting is done by placing the root system of each plant in a separate form in the form of a cylinder with drainage holes in bottom and bottom and filling it with pulp (earth + water). When the soil settles (humidity 30 - 40%). This Form is frozen (placed in a refrigerator with t S 0 ° C). The clump with the plant frozen on the root is removed from the mold - the briquetted planting material is ready. It is stored until planting at t S 0 ° C, practically on the street, under a layer of snow, or in a barn.

For afforestation, a site accessible for equipment is selected only in winter with frozen soils, lots, etc., in particular, a fresh cutting area, where with a gap of 2–5 days there is a forest cultivation team including a tractor of the type Belarus with

0 a bulldozer shovel with a mocope drill, a platform trailer for transporting planting material to any traction vehicle, and 2 to 3 workers.

The first row is usually planted

5 along some kind of landmark. For example, clearings, roads, banks, stream, forest edges. The tractor moves in the accepted direction as rectilinear as possible. Overcoming obstacles

0 occurs visually, for which a large snow cover is reduced by a dozer blade. In accordance with the accepted landing plan, the tractor stops and the drill is drilled, while the auger is working

5, the body overcomes the snow cover, possible fall and further, the root paws. The depth of the prepared landing hole is determined by the volume of land ejected by the screw working body. After deepening the working oran, a frozen block of earth with the root system of the seedling is inserted into this planting pit. This operation is performed by one of the workers. The setting of the planted plant, as a rule, involves 5 s in pressing, pressing in lumps and sprinkling it with snow. After the passage of the first rut with the landing of the first row, the tractor turns around and, according to the accepted scheme (after 4.5, b meters), plantes the second and next rows, About 1000 plants are planted per shift, which will be 1.5 - 2 in area. 0 ha. The carrying capacity of the trolley is also determined on the basis of the replacement needs of the planting material.

5 Planting stock is prepared at the base nursery. A team of 3 people prepares it, where the root systems of seedlings (seedlings) are placed in the form of a cylindrical pipe with a plugged bottom with small drainage holes and filled with pulp or sufficiently prepared with necessary fertilizer moist soil. In this case, the root systems are expanded in the form

5 excess moisture leaves through the drainage holes. Not allowing the soil to dry, the forms are taken out onto the street, in the cold, where they freeze for 3 to 10 days. The size of the mold is taken according to the established ratio of the diameter of the table to the diameter of the coma 1:

10, i.e. the diameter of the pipe — the mold is 70 mm, with the diameter of the stems 4–7 mm, the height of the coma is 25 cm. After freezing the coma (lumps) they remove their molds, for which the latter is briefly dipped in hot water — the mold heats up, expands and thaws out the soil. As such, the lump is very easily removed from the mold. This seedling is stored with a lump of earth on the roots at sub-zero temperatures, usually on the street under the snow, or in a cold room. From outside, the ground freezes again, forming a shell that eliminates to some extent the sublimation of moisture from the coma. The survival rate of plants planted in this way is very clearly manifested during the summer and crops are supplemented in the fall in any known way: under the Kolesov sword, Tulip, under the shovel, etc. without the use of tractors; The experience of using this method under the conditions of the Talitsky forestry of the Sverdlovsk FDA since 1978 has shown its vitality both from the point of view of survival of plants up to 79%) and social and economic feasibility: planting is carried out almost all winter (and not

only through the window), in parallel with logging; equipment is saved, labor and energy costs are reduced in particular due to the exclusion of operations such as clearing areas, uprooting, cultivating the soil; workers in spring and autumn carry out work related to household chores and other types of work; the movement of tractor units on frozen ground in the presence of snow cover exclude

soil compaction, cover destruction, destruction of annuals.

The economic effect of using this method only to replace clearing, rooting out, cultivating the soil, preparing drilling sites based on cost per hectare, depending on the conditions, is more appropriate for afforestation of 200-300 thousand ha / year, including radiation-infected areas.

Claims (2)

1. A method of planting plants, mainly coniferous crops, including briquetting the root systems of seed material, making crafts and planting, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the reforestation process by increasing the planting time, reducing labor costs, the root systems of the planted plants with a lump of soil are frozen in the form of a briquette, the seats are prepared on clear-cutting in frozen ground with a craft of mock, in which briquetted root systems of plants are placed. . 2. The method of pop. 1, characterized in that the plants are planted on the area without preliminary preparation with a tractor-covered snow cover, the readiness of the soil for planting is determined by the sufficient bearing capacity of the soil, without significant deformation of the surface soil layer receiving the tractor unit, and the size of the drilled planting m corresponds to the size of the briquette.