RU186829U1 - Sewer shredder - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of crushing of materials, namely to a device for grinding waste in gravity sewer systems. The sewer grinder comprises a housing (1), vertical shafts (2,3) installed in the housing with cutting mills (5) forming a grinding zone, a drive for rotating the shafts, and a separating means for selecting solid components from the sewer stream (17) and their feed into the grinding zone. The separating means comprises a filtering grate (9) installed in the housing (1) below the grinding zone for passing through it the lower part of the sewer flow, as well as a pendulum mechanism (10) for the vertical supply of solid components from the grating (9) into the grinding zone. EFFECT: reduced wear of chopper elements. 9 s.p. f-ly, 7 ill.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of crushing of materials, namely to a device for grinding waste in gravity sewer systems.

State of the art

Sewer shredders are designed to crush a variety of garbage and waste in wastewater in order to prevent clogging of pumping equipment and sewage lines and to ensure long-term and trouble-free operation of shut-off and control valves. Grinders are installed in the channels of gravity sewer systems and are capable of grinding fibrous materials (rags, napkins, textiles, hygiene products, ropes), wood, plastic, organic waste, the bodies of small animals and birds, paper, cardboard, glass, medium-sized metal wire, etc. up to 10% in sewage from sewage stream. Grinders are not intended for crushing large stones, a large number of small stones, metal products.

Currently used sewer shredders contain drive and driven shafts, onto which cutting mills are assembled, forming a grinding zone for passing a sewage stream through it, crushing and dragging solid debris through the device body (see, for example, publication of US applications US2003089806, 05.15.2003 , US2014084095, 03/27/2014, U.S. Patent US4961540, 10/09/1990).

This design has several disadvantages. In particular, the presence of a large amount of sand and stones passing in the lower layers of the wastewater stream leads to increased wear of the lower mechanical seals, as well as the edges of the cutting mills. The fibrous debris contained in the sewage stream ceases to be effectively torn by milling cutters and begins to be wound on the shafts, strongly compacting them, which leads to a significant increase in the load on the crusher, lower productivity and increased wear of the remaining elements of the grinder. In addition, the destruction of the bearings leads to an increase in the gap between the shredder shafts, which leads to additional winding of fibrous debris and a further increase in the distance, up to the loss of adhesion by the shaft gears and a complete stop of the rotation of the driven shaft.

To solve some of these problems in the design of the grinder, separating agents are used that select solid components from the sewer stream and supply them to the grinding zone.

In the publication of US application US2011084154, 04/14/2011 and European patent EP0704246, 04/03/1996 describes a sewer shredder containing separation means in the form of a rotating vertical drum.

In US patent US5061380, 10.29.1991, the feed member is a screen of rotating disks.

In US patent US4919346, 04.24.1990 (the closest analogue), a chopper design with a separating means in the form of a horizontally rotating grid is proposed.

When using these solutions, the cutting mills do not come into contact with the entire volume of the sewer flow, which partially reduces the load on the working elements and allows increasing the throughput of the grinder.

However, these solutions do not provide a significant reduction in the wear of structural elements. Thus, a rotating drum and a disk screen are subject to clogging with fibrous debris, which reduces the throughput of the grinder and increases the load on the drive of the crusher. The vertical arrangement of the separation means in all the described structures, providing horizontal material supply, does not protect the lower seals and bearings from the effects of abrasive elements (sand, stones, metal particles, etc.). Moreover, the configuration of the feed elements does not have sufficient reliability, which often leads to a significant decrease in efficiency or stop the operation of the device.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the claimed utility model is to eliminate the disadvantages of analogues and increase the service life of the sewer grinder.

The technical result of the utility model is to reduce the wear of the elements of the grinder.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the sewer grinder comprises a housing, vertical shafts installed in the housing with cutting mills forming the grinding zone, a drive for rotating the shafts, and also a separating means for selecting solid components from the sewage stream and feeding them into the grinding zone. The specified separating means includes a filter grate installed in the housing below the grinding zone for passing through it the lower part of the sewer stream, as well as a pendulum mechanism for the vertical supply of solid components from the grate to the grinding zone.

In addition, there are private options for implementing the utility model, according to which:

cutting mills are installed in the housing with the possibility of the passage of the upper part of the sewer stream through the grinding zone;

the filter grate has a lower vertical section and an upper inclined section;

vertical shafts comprise a drive shaft and an associated driven shaft;

the pendulum mechanism for vertical supply of solid components contains a feed comb mounted pivotally with the teeth between the elements of the filter grill, as well as a crank mechanism connected to the comb and the drive shaft with the possibility of periodically moving the free ends of the teeth in the direction of the grinding zone and in the opposite direction;

the crank mechanism is connected to the drive shaft via a spring-loaded ratchet mechanism;

the teeth of the comb are saber-shaped;

shafts are mounted in bearings, with lower bearings located above the level of the filter grill;

the lower shaft bearings are made in the form of bushings of antifriction material;

the shafts are hollow, with automatic grease nipples installed in the upper part of the shafts, which are capable of supplying grease to the lower bearings through holes in the shafts.

The use in the claimed design of a separating means having a filter grate located below the grinding zone allows the passage of the lower part of the sewer stream containing small abrasive particles (sand, etc.) through the grinder without contact with cutting mills, reducing the load on the milling cutters, bearings and other structural elements and reducing their wear.

The use of a pendulum mechanism for vertical feeding of solid components prevents the abrasive from entering the lower cutters and bearings, as well as clogging the chopper with fibrous debris.

Thus, all of the features of the utility model are aimed at achieving the specified technical result.

The given private options for implementing the utility model are also aimed at reducing the wear of structural elements. In particular, the configuration of the pendulum mechanism of material supply prevents the chopper from clogging up with debris, as well as heavy stones and metal elements getting into the grinding zone, and the location of the lower bearings and the implementation of the lubrication system increases their working life and does not require maintenance. However, these particular cases are not the only possible options for implementing the utility model. Moreover, the technical result of the utility model is achieved without the use of these additional features.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where:

the figure 1 shows a General view of the inventive chopper in the lower (a) and upper (b) positions of the feed device,

figure 2 shows the configuration of the shredder shafts, as well as the design of the lubricant supply unit to the lower bearings;

figure 3 shows the design of a pendulum device for feeding material,

figure 4 shows a diagram of the operation of the feeding device in the lower (a) and upper (b) positions,

in figures 5 to 7 shows a diagram of the operation of the grinder in the sewer channel.

The elements of the device and are indicated in the figures by the following positions:

1 - housing

2 - drive shaft,

3 - driven shaft

4 - gear reduction gear,

5 - cutting mills,

6 - lower bearings

7 - nipples,

8 - holes in the shafts,

9 - filter grate,

9a is a vertical section of the grating;

9b is an inclined section of the lattice;

10 - pendulum device;

11 - feeding comb;

12 - crank mechanism;

13 - rotating element;

14 - ratchet mechanism;

15 - axle;

16 - housing of the pendulum device;

17 - sewer flow;

18 - light particles;

19 - heavy small particles;

20 - large stones and metal elements;

21 - heavy particles more than 5 mm.

Utility Model Implementation

The inventive shredder is a device for crushing material, comprising a housing (1), in which two or more vertical shafts (2,3) are installed. In this case, one of the shafts (2) is preferably a drive shaft, and the other shaft (3) is a driven shaft connected to the drive shaft (2) by a gear reduction gear (4) that implements a self-cleaning mechanism of the crusher shafts. Cutting mills (5) are placed on these shafts, the space between which forms a grinding zone. At the same time, these milling cutters alternate with spacer washers (not shown in the drawings) and are sequentially dialed on the drive and driven shafts with a minimum clearance (of the order of 0.3-0.5 mm) so that each cutting mill of one shaft is opposite the washer - spacers of another shaft (i.e. in a checkerboard pattern) to ensure rotation of the cutters on the shafts towards each other, splitting, crushing and tearing of solid material and its simultaneous dragging through the body.

The shafts (2,3) with cutting mills (5) are preferably raised above the lower part of the casing so that the grinding zone contacts only the upper part of the flow.

A drive for rotating the shafts (not shown in the drawings) is also installed in the grinder housing, which can be made in the form of a gear motor, including an electric motor and a planetary gear.

The body (1) of the grinder is made, as a rule, of cast iron, shafts (2,3), cutting mills (5) and washers-spacers - of alloyed heat-treated steel.

Leading (2) and driven (3) shafts are fixed on top and bottom by bearings. The lower plain bearings (6) are preferably not located at the lowest point of the grinder, which avoids the ingress of heavy particles on them, and, as a result, reduces abrasive wear. In this case, the lower bearings (6) are preferably made in the form of bushings of antifriction material. To lubricate these bearings (6), automatic grease nipples (7) are provided, for example, of the “Simalube 125 CC” type, which are screwed onto the upper ends of the shafts (2,3). These grease fittings (7) provide a metered amount of grease at a predetermined period of time to the lower bearings (6) through the holes (8) in the shafts (2,3).

In the lower part of the housing there is a separating means formed by a filter grate (9) and a pendulum device (10) for supplying solid components to the grinding zone.

The filter grate (9) is installed below the grinding zone with the passage of the lower part of the sewage stream through it and the selection of solid components (waste, garbage, etc.) from this stream. The grill (9) has gaps of about 4 mm. In a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the filter grate is L-shaped and contains a lower, essentially vertical section (9a), designed to filter the lower layer of the lower part of the sewer stream (at the very bottom of the channel), as well as the upper inclined section (9b) to filter the upper layer of the lower part of the sewer stream. This configuration allows you to delay in the vertical section (9a) in the lowest layer of the flow of heavy solid particles (stones, metal elements, etc.) and not to feed them into the grinding zone.

The pendulum device (10) provides the supply of solid components settled on an inclined section (9b) of the filter grate (9), vertically upward into the grinding zone (the space between the shafts). The specified device preferably contains a feed comb (11) having a set of concave down saber-shaped teeth placed between the lattice elements and recessed relative to them. One end of said comb (11) is pivotally mounted with the possibility of periodically raising the other end up in the direction of the grinding zone and then lowering the end in the opposite direction. To bring the comb (11) into motion, a crank mechanism (12) is provided, a rotating element (13), which forms a worm gear pair with a spring-loaded ratchet mechanism (14) connected to the pin (15) of the drive shaft (2). The indicated mechanisms (12.14) are placed in the housing (16) of the pendulum device. During operation of the pendulum device, the torque is transmitted to the worm gear pair through the drive (drive) shaft (2) of the chopper. Further, through the crank mechanism (12) and the lever system, the rotational movement is converted into motion along the arc of the feed comb (11) at an angle of 120 °. The spring-loaded ratchet mechanism (14) prevents the comb from returning during an incomplete cycle if the grinder reverse is turned on, which ensures the stability of the feed comb operation cycle.

The inventive chopper works as follows.

In urban sewage systems, the flow moves in pipelines at a speed of about 1 m / s. When sewage enters the sewage pumping station (SPS), the pipeline, as a rule, goes to the channel section into which the primary mechanical treatment of the sewage is installed (grates, grinder grinders, mechanical grills, etc.). After this, the effluent enters the receiving tank, from where it is pumped by sewage pumps further down the sewer system. When moving from the pipeline to the channel, the flow velocity slows down, heavy particles (stones, etc.) settle in the stream closer to the bottom of the channel under the influence of gravity. Lighter garbage (plastic, wood, etc.) moves throughout the stream and often floats to the surface.

When the stream (17) passes through the grinder, light garbage (18) from the upper part of the stream enters directly into the grinding zone and is crushed by milling cutters.

Heavy particles (19) with a size of less than 5 mm (sand, etc.) pass through the grate (9) in the lower part of the stream and are carried away without contact with cutting mills (5).

Large stones and metal products (20) (bolts, nuts) mostly settle on the vertical section (9a) of the grill (9) in front of the chopper and also do not feed into the grinding zone. Subsequently, these particles can be removed by station personnel during maintenance work.

Large particles (21) larger than 5 mm are deposited on the inclined part (9b) of the lattice (9). The comb (11) of the pendulum device (10) in direct motion captures the debris deposited on the grate (9) and lifts it into the grinding zone. During the reverse stroke, the comb (1) grinds soft debris that has settled on the grate (9). In this case, due to the concave shape of the teeth of the comb (11), heavy solid particles on the reverse move back from the inclined part (9b) of the grate (9) and then do not participate in the grinding process.

The process of the grinder is implemented continuously. With a large daily unevenness of the flow of wastewater, it is possible to set up operating periods to save energy and the device’s working life.

Thus, the design of the grinder prevents excessive wear of the elements. In addition, due to the absence of expensive and specific cartridge seals in the upper and lower parts, the cost is reduced and the technical maintenance procedures are simplified.

Claims (10)

1. A sewer grinder comprising a housing (1), vertical shafts (2, 3) installed in the housing with cutting mills (5) forming a grinding zone, a drive for rotating shafts and a separating means for collecting solid components from the sewer stream (17) and their supply to the grinding zone, characterized in that the separating means comprises a filter grate (9) installed in the housing (1) below the grinding zone for passing through it the lower part of the sewage stream, as well as a pendulum mechanism (10) for vertical feeding solid components from the grate (9) to the grinding zone. 2. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting mills (5) are installed in the housing with the possibility of passing the upper part of the sewer stream (17) through the grinding zone. 3. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter grate (9) has a lower vertical section (9a) and an upper inclined section (9b). 4. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical shafts comprise a drive shaft (2) and an associated driven shaft (3). 5. The chopper according to claim 4, characterized in that the pendulum mechanism (10) for the vertical supply of solid components contains a feed comb (11) mounted pivotally with the placement of teeth between the elements of the filter grill (9), as well as a crank mechanism (12 ) associated with the comb (11) and the drive shaft (2) with the possibility of periodically moving the free ends of the teeth of the comb (11) in the direction of the grinding zone and in the opposite direction. 6. The chopper according to claim 5, characterized in that the crank mechanism (12) is connected to the drive shaft (2) through a spring-loaded ratchet mechanism (14). 7. The chopper according to claim 5, characterized in that the teeth of the feed comb (9) are saber-shaped. 8. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the shafts (2, 3) are installed in the bearings, while the lower bearings (6) are located above the level of the filter grill (9). 9. The chopper according to claim 8, characterized in that the lower bearings (6) of the shafts are made in the form of bushings of antifriction material. 10. The chopper according to claim 9, characterized in that the shafts (2, 3) are hollow, while automatic grease nipples (7) are installed in the upper part of the shafts (2, 3), which are capable of supplying grease to the lower bearings ( 6) through the holes (8) in the shafts.

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