RU1790380C - Lactating cow feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in animal husbandry, namely in the feeding of highly productive lactating cows. Essence: a liquid preparation of bacteriophage Streptococcus bovis (streptophagin) is fed to cows in a mixture with concentrates at the rate of 3.5-109-146 1010 phage particles per head per day. Daily feeding of the bacteriophage preparation, regardless of the stage of lactation, increases the fat content in milk of high-fat dairy cows (3.88 - 4.17%) by 0.20.24% and reduces the cost of feed units and digestible protein by T kg of 4% milk by 5-8.9%, in low-fat cows (3.52%), dacha increases milk yield by 18%, milk fat content by 0.21% and reduces the cost of feed units and digestible protein by 1 kg of 4% milk by 20.7 and 20.4%, respectively. 4 tab. ate with

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, namely to feeding highly productive lactating cows, and can be used directly in farms.

In the feeding of highly productive dairy cows, diets are widely used in which concentrates account for up to 40-50% of the total nutritional value. Such high-energy diets contain a lot of starch and favor the development of amylolytic bacteria in the rumen, especially Streptococcus bovls. These bacteria are characterized by a high growth rate and form a lot of lactic acid, which induces the development of lactate-fermenting bacteria in the rumen and increases the formation of propionate. A similar metabolic situation in the pancreas is accompanied by a sharp decrease in pH in

content, worsens the conditions for the viability of bacteria hydrolyzing cellulose and hemicellulose, a change in the ratio of acetate and propionate. and can lead to the development of acidosis in animals and low milk fat syndrome.

Various feeding methods are known using feed additives to normalize milk fat in cows. In this case, both conventional feed products and various chemical additives and their combinations are used.

It has been established that optimal conditions for the metabolic activity of microflora in the rumen and high fat content in cows can be ensured by maintaining in a balanced diet the ratio of easily hydrolyzed energy sources to difficultly hydrolyzed within

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1.5-1.6. However, it should be noted that this method gives good results when milking cows up to 20 kg of milk per day and is difficult to achieve with higher animal productivity.

Of the chemical additives, sodium and magnesium bicarbonates, calcium carbonate, Methovin are used to maintain milk fat in cows; as well as certain minerals, such as sulfur, cobalt, magnesium. However, their use is not always effective and usually gives a short-term effect. The most biological known is the process wherein c. as a feed additive, sodium acetate is used. Being a salt of a strong base and a weak acid, it easily dissociates in the scar fluid to form sodium and acetic acid ions. Absorbed into the blood, acetic acid increases the concentration of milk fat precursors and, thus, provides an increase in milk fat content. When daily feeding sodium acetate to cows at a dose of 300 g per .1 head per day, milk fat content rises to 0.22% or more, but a positive effect is not always observed.

So, in experiments on cows with different initial fat content in milk, feeding 300 g of sodium acetate increased milk fat content only in animals, in which the initial fat content did not exceed 3.4%. With the initial milk fat content in the range of 3.41-3.60 and 3.61-3.80%, the sodium acetate supply, on the contrary, led to a decrease in milk fat content by 0.06 and 0.3-1%, respectively.

With high productivity of cows, the deficiency of milk fat precursors in the blood and, consequently, in the tissues of the udder increases significantly and higher doses of sodium acetate are required to compensate for it. However, experiments have shown that with an increase in the daily dose of sodium acetate from 300 to 500 g per head per day, already in the first three weeks of its use, many cows refuse to eat this supplement.

Other disadvantages of the sodium acetate method include its rather high cost and known environmental costs in its production.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method using a new, highly effective, environmentally friendly feed additive that increases the productivity of highly dairy cows, milk fat and efficiency of use

feed by controlling microbial processes in the rumen.

This goal is achieved by the fact that highly productive cows are fed in a mixture with concentrates, a liquid preparation of bacteriophages Streptococcus bovls (streptophagin) at a rate of 3.5-10 -146-10

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active phage particles per head per day.,

The essence and effectiveness of the invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.

PRI me R 1. In the preparation of the preparation of bacteriophages (streptophagin) using the bacterial strain streptocbcus bovls BT-28 and its bacteriophage streptococcus bovls BM 28/28, which are deposited in the All-Union collection of industrial microorganisms (VKPM) under Ns B-5386 and No. RN-689

respectively..

The preparation of a bacteriophage preparation is as follows. Sensitive to phage culture Str.bovis BT-28 is grown on a nutrient medium of the following composition, g / l: K2HP04 0.5; KH2R04 0.2; NaCl 1.0; (MNf5040.5; .I; CaClzOJ; NOHCO3.0; glucose 5.0; maltose 3.0; peptone 10.0; casein hydrolyzate 5.0; hydrochloric cysteine 0.7. The pH of the medium is adjusted to 6.8-7.2 are poured into test tubes, flasks or heat-resistant bottles and sterilized at 0.5 atm for 30 minutes, Cultivation is carried out under rubber stoppers, into which when preparing phage in a volume of 0.1-5 l or more

install reflux condensers filled with water.

The daily culture of Str.bovis BT-28 was used as seed, which was added at a rate of 2.5-5% to the volume of medium. Crops are grown at 39 ° C. 0.5-1 ml of the bacteriophage Str.bovls BM 28/28 per 100 ml of culture (multiplicity of infection 0.11, 0) is added to the culture in the early logarithmic growth phase and the infected culture is incubated until lysis occurs for 4 -5 h. Lysis of culture is observed visually. The phage titer in the thus obtained lysates usually varies in the range of 1 109-1 -1011

active phage particles / ml. The indicator culture of the Str.bovis BT-28 strain and the bacteriophage Str.bovis BM 28/28 are not pathogenic for animals.

The effectiveness of the method using bacteriophages in feeding lactating cows is illustrated by a series of 4 scientific and economic experiments conducted on highly productive animals.

PRI me R 2. The first experiment was performed in the farm Ermolino Borovsky district of the Kaluga region on Kholmogory cows. According to the principle of paired analogues, taking into account productivity for the previous lactation of daily milk yield and fat content of milk, before setting up an experiment, 3 groups of cows were formed that were 1-2 months old. The first (control) group (10 animals) received a diet consisting of 3.5 kg of cereal hay, 5 kg of perennial grass hay, -20 kg of corn silage, 23 kg of beetroot, 8 kg of compound feed, 1.5 kg of molasses .and 1.5 kg of grass granules. Animals of the second (10 animals) and third (9 animals) groups were kept under similar conditions and in addition to the main diet, daily feeding (14 hours) mixed with mixed feed received a bacteriophage preparation of 15.2 10 10 particles (head) daily and once a week, respectively. The experiment lasted 93 days. The productivity and fat content of milk were taken into account 3-4 times a month using the control milking method.

. Feeding the bacteriophage preparation did not significantly affect the milk yield of cows, but significantly increased milk fat by 0.2 and 0.16 absolute percentages, which increased the total milk production of 4% fat in animals of groups 2 and 3 by 9.8 and 4 , 5%, respectively (Table 1).

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The costs of fodder units and digestible protein for the production of 1 kg4% milk with daily feeding of phages decreased by 8.9 and 8.9%, and with weekly feeding - only 4.1 and 3.4%, respectively. Consequently, in terms of the impact on productivity, the daily supply of phages is more economically effective than weekly. In terms of 4% milk, daily and weekly giving of bacteriophages for 93 days of experience increased the productivity of cows by 188 and 86 kg, and the profit from the sale of additional products of basic fat content (3.6%) increased.

PRI me R 3. The second experiment was conducted in the farm Ermolino Borovsky district of the Kaluga region on highly productive Kholmogory cows. According to the principle of paired analogues, taking into account the productivity of the previous lactation, daily milk yield and fat content of milk, 3 groups of cows, which are 2-3 months of lactation, were formed before the test. The first (control) group of 11 cows received a diet consisting of 2.5 kg of cereal hay, 10 kg of corn, silage, 10 kg of haylage from perennial grasses, 20 kg of feed

beets, 1 kg of beet molasses and compound feed at the rate of 400 g per 1 kg of milk milk. The mineral part of the diet was supplemented with 80 g of chalk and a mixture of 5 micronutrients for cows. Animals of the second (12 animals) and the third (12 animals) groups were kept under similar conditions and, in addition to the main diet, received daily medication during the daily feeding (14 h) in a mixture with animal feed

0 bacteriophages at the rate of 3.5 10 particles (head) daily and once every five days, respectively. The experiment lasted 77 days. Accounting for milk yield and fat content of milk was carried out by the method of control milk 2 times in

5 months with c. J - -: -; Studies have shown that feeding cows with the bacteriophage milk yield did not change, but had a positive effect on milk fat. Thus, in animals of the 2nd group, the fat content in milk increased by 0.24 absolute percent (Table 2). Over the period of the experiment, 131 kg of basic fat milk were additionally obtained per cow.

5 units and digestible protein per 1 kg of 4% milk decreased by 5%. In cows of the 3rd group, the fat content in milk increased only by 0.09 absolute percent. Thus, giving phages 1 time in 5

0 days It turned out to be less effective than their daily use.

PRI me R 4. The third scientific and economic experience was carried out in the Pervomaiskoye GPZ of the Narofominsky district of the Moscow Region on cows of black and motley breed. According to the principle of paired analogues, taking into account the calving time, daily milk yield and fat content of milk, two groups of 26 animals each were formed. During the experiment lasting 0 from 74 days, the control group was kept on the main diet, which consisted of 10 kg of perennial grass , 20 kg of corn silage, 10 kg of fodder beets, 0.5 kg of molasses, 6.6 kg of mixed feed and 1.1 kg of sunflower seed cake. The cows of the experimental group were kept on the same diet and received daily bacteriophage preparation at a dose of 146 10 particles (head) per day. which was asked in the morning feeding in

0 mixes with compound feed.

A test of the bacteriophage preparation in feeding low-fat dairy black-and-white cows in the first half of lactation confirmed its high efficiency.

5 The phage dacha increased the milk yield of cows by 18%, and the milk fat content by 0.21 absolute percent (Table 3). During the experiment, this made it possible to additionally obtain 361 kg for each cow

basic milk (3.4%) fat and reduce the cost of feed units and digestible protein for the production of 1 kg of 4% milk by 20.7 and 20.4%, respectively. PRI me R 5, The fourth scientific and economic experience was carried out in OPH Ermolino. Borovsk district of Kaluga region using the method of periods. A production group of 43 Kholmogorsk cows located at different stages of lactation was taken in the experiment. In the preliminary period (34 days)

 the cows received a diet consisting of 2.5 kg of grass hay, 10 kg of mixed grass hay, 10. kg of corn silage, 20 kg of fodder beets, T kg of molasses, 8 kg of compound feed, m 80 g of chalk / The ration contained 17, 6 kg of feed units, and 1737 grams of protein, protein. In the experimental period (70 days), the feed of the cows remained the same, but daily for the day; feeding in a mixture. bacteriophage preparation was fed with compound feed at a dose of 7.5-10 11 particles (head) per day. The milk yield and fat content of milk were recorded using the control milking method once in the pre-preliminary period and 4 times in the experimental period. Everyday feeding of cows with bacteriophages did not have a significant effect on milk yield, but increased milk fat content by 0.19% (Table 4).

The positive effect of feeding bacteriophages on milk fat cows is also confirmed by the fact that 10 days later. after the phage preparation was stopped under the same conditions of feeding and content, the fat level in milk decreased to 3.6%, or 0.36%.

Thus, the data obtained indicate that daily feeding of bacteriophages to cows in doses of 3.5-10 9-14b-10 10 particles (head)

a day, regardless of the stage of lactation, it increases the fat content of milk e by 0.19- 0.24 absolute percent and reduces the cost of feed units and digestible protein for the production of 1 kg of 4% milk by 2.2-20.7 and 1.9- 20.4%, respectively. When giving the drug with an interval of 5 and 7 days, its effectiveness decreases ...

. A comparative analysis of the data presented in examples 2-5 with the results of experiments on feeding sodium acetate unequivocally indicates that the proposed method of feeding significantly exceeds the prototype. Thus, feeding with sodium acetate is effective only on cedars, the content / fat in milk of which does not exceed 3.4-3.8%. Using the pre-proposed method allows increasing the fat content of milk in high-fat milk by feeding the bacteriophage preparation. dairy cows (3.88: 4.17%) by 0.2-0.24% and reduce the cost of feed units and digestible protein per 1 milk per

5-8.9%. In relatively low-fat dairy cows (3.52% fat in milk), giving the bacteriophage preparation increases milk yield by 18%, milk fat content by 0.21.% And reduces the cost of feed units and digestible

protein per 1 kg of 4% milk milk at 20.7 and 20.4%, respectively.

F. about rm u-l and zobreten and

A method of feeding lactating cows, comprising introducing a biologically active additive into standard compound feed and feeding the resulting mixture to animals, characterized in that, in order to increase the dairy product

cows, milk fat and reduced feeding costs, Streptococcus liquid bacteriophage preparation is used as a biologically active additive

bovis BM 28/28-streptophagin, take it at a dose of 3.5 -10-146 -10 10 active particles per 1 head per day, and mix it with animal feed before feeding.

TABLE 1 Productivity of cows OPH Ermolino when feeding bacteriophage preparation

Example h-a ni e. A - P 0.05.

Table 2

Productivity of cows when feeding bacteriophage preparation

Tab 3

Productivity of cows of the black-motley breed of the Pervomaisky GPZ when giving the preparation of bacteriophages

The productivity of cows OPH Yormolino when feeding the drug

bacteriophages

Continuation of Table 3

Table 4