RU176276U1 - SOLID BOILER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for burning solid fuel, mainly with a lower combustion zone, and can be used in the power industry, chemical and other industries. The technical task is to prevent the possibility of jamming of the movable plate due to solid fireproof particles while simultaneously forcing the ash and slag into the ash box without opening the furnace door. The problem is solved by a solid fuel boiler containing the furnace itself in the lower part of the fuel hopper, a chamber for burning the flue gases attached to it on the side, a heat exchanger with a chimney and two grates located on top of one another having ash boxes, characterized in that that the upper grate is made with holes 2-8 times larger than in the lower grate, and between the grates there is a movable rectangular box-shaped adjusting piston, one end of which is open to the side well, afterburning chamber, and the opposite end is closed with a perforated cover, while the piston is equipped with a rod with a handle brought out of the boiler, for the movement of the piston.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for burning solid fuel, mainly with a lower combustion zone, and can be used in the power industry, chemical and other industries.

A solid fuel boiler selected for the prototype is known (patent for IZ No. 2611079, 2017), which contains the furnace itself, a chamber for a heat exchanger with a chimney attached to it, and a grate located in the lower part of the furnace with slots for removing ash into it located under an ash-drawer with a grate, characterized in that the grate consists of a fixed metal plate inclined towards the exit of gases from the furnace, in the middle of which there is a movable plate on top of it, and attached to the walls of the furnace on top of the furnace on a fixed cover plate, while on top of the grate at a distance of 2-4 cm from the grate with the grate, protective corners are made, which serve to prevent the passage of air in the slit of the grate. Such boilers work well only on wood and wood derivatives - shavings, sawdust, wood chips, pellets and briquettes. When using lump coal with interspersed rocks or firewood with metal inclusions or stones in the described boiler, solid particles fall between the movable stove and the fixed grate and jam the stove, thereby stopping the adjustment of the burning power of the boiler.

The disadvantage of the boiler according to patent No. 2611079 is also manifested in the possible jamming of the combustion power adjustment mechanism and the need for periodic cleaning, which makes the use of such a boiler not convenient when working on fuel with the inclusion of solid non-combustible particles.

The technical task is to prevent the possibility of jamming of the movable plate due to solid fireproof particles while simultaneously forcing ash and slag into the ash box without opening the furnace door.

The problem is solved by a solid fuel boiler containing the furnace itself in the lower part of the fuel hopper, a chamber attached to it for surviving the flue gases, a heat exchanger with a chimney, and two grates arranged on top of the furnace and having ash drawers, characterized in that that the upper grate is made with holes 2-8 times larger than in the lower grate, and between the grates there is a movable rectangular box-shaped piston, one end of which is open towards the chamber And the opposite end being closed by a perforated lid, the piston rod is equipped with a handle outputted outside the boiler, for the piston movement.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a boiler with a double grate and a piston, where

1 - loading window with a lid,

2 - fuel hopper,

3 - the outer walls of the boiler,

4 - top plate with a grate in the middle part,

5 - movable rectangular box-shaped piston,

6 - perforated piston cover,

7 - bottom plate with a grate,

8 - air damper

9 - the main ash box,

10 - ash box for unburned fragments of fuel,

11 - trellised support for fuel for the initial ignition of the boiler,

12 - chimney with air damper,

13 - heat exchanger,

14 - an internal partition separating the hopper from the afterburner with a heat exchanger,

15 - bypass damper for gases from the hopper into the gas afterburner,

16 - afterburner,

17 - the door of the furnace with an air damper,

18 - rod with a handle for moving the control piston.

Under the grates there is the main ash box and next to it through the wall there is an additional ash box for unburned fragments of fuel.

The boiler is ignited with the help of a combusted combustible material placed on the grate support 11 in the main ash box 9 with the ajar box open for access of air for burning fuel and to fully open the entire area of the grate by moving the adjusting piston 5 as close as possible to the rear wall of the hopper. After ignition of the main fuel at the bottom of the hopper above the grid-irons, the ash box door closes, and the adjustment piston moves to the position corresponding to the required burning power. If it is necessary to stop combustion in the boiler, the entire area of the grid-irons is blocked by an adjusting box-type piston, thereby stopping the access of air to the furnace.

The fuel loaded through the cover of the loading hatch 1 into the hopper 2 is located on top of the top plate with grates 4 and as it burns below the fuel it is lowered through the grates 4 into the space between the grates, not occupied by the adjustment piston 5. Since the openings of the upper grate are 2-8 more holes of the lower grate, the burning fuel remains on the lower grate until it turns into ash and only then falls into the main ash box 9.

The lower grate does not reach the back wall 3 of the hopper, and through the internal partition 14 both plates with grates go through to the afterburner 16 and to the heat exchanger 13.

Between the upper and lower grates, close to the walls of the hopper (furnace, boiler), an adjustment piston 5 is placed with a grate 6 at the end closer to the rear wall of the fuel hopper.

The lower grate 7 does not reach the rear wall 3 and primary air for burning fuel from the ash box for unburned fragments of fuel with an air damper 8, insulated by the wall from the main ash box 9, can enter through the open opening.

Primary air passes through a layer of fuel that has fallen through the upper grate with wide gaps and lying on the lower grate with narrow gaps, and oxidizes it, when heated, enters through the perforated cover 6 of the adjusting piston 5 into the afterburner 16, where it is mixed with secondary air from the combustion door with an air damper 17 and rises into the heat exchanger 13. Then air enters through the chimney with a damper 12 into the atmosphere.

Fuel is not allowed inside the box with a perforated cover at the end of the adjustment box closest to the rear wall of the hopper.

The control box is driven by a rod with a handle at the end 18 of the outward-facing boiler.

As close to the rear wall as possible, this box with its upper and lower planes completely covers the open space of the upper and lower grates, thereby completely stopping the access of fuel to the space between the grates. Air access is regulated and blocked by a shutter 8.

If you move the adjustment piston as close as possible to the rear wall, open gaps appear in the grates, and from above through the large openings the fuel enters the lower grate, where it is oxidized by air (burns).

If the adjusting piston is completely moved away from the rear wall, then the area of open grates will be maximum, and accordingly, the thermal power of the boiler will also be maximum.

With the extension and retraction of the box, both the area of the open grates and the burning power are adjusted.

Possible unburned chunks of fuel (rock, stones, metal parts, etc.) that enter through the wide gaps of the upper grate and do not fall through the narrow gaps of the lower grate are removed by the maximum movement of the adjusting piston 5 with the grate 6, thereby unburned fragments are pushed out by the grate the grate of the box into a separate ash box 10. The lower grate is freed from unburned fragments, and the box returns to the appropriate position for the required burning power.

Large unburned fragments of fuel at the top of the upper grate are removed through the bypass flap 15 and then through the door of the furnace 17.

The technical result consists in the guaranteed prevention of jamming of the movable plate and the forced removal of unburned fuel fragments, thereby, the possibility of using any solid fuel, even with the inclusion of non-combustible particles, in creating optimal combustion conditions while reducing the burning power by reducing the combustion volume and the amount of incoming air , which reduces the total combustion power without compromising its quality and improving the usability of the boiler for the consumer.

Claims (1)

A solid fuel boiler containing the furnace itself in the lower part of the fuel hopper, a chamber for burning the flue gases attached to it on the side, a heat exchanger with a chimney, and two grates located on top of one another having ash boxes, characterized in that the upper grate made with holes 2-8 times larger than in the lower grate, and between the grates there is a movable rectangular box-shaped adjusting piston, one end of which is open towards the afterburner, and opposite the other end is closed by a perforated cover, while the piston is equipped with a rod with a handle brought out of the boiler, for the movement of the piston.

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