RU167434U1 - HIGH TEMPERATURE INVERTER TWO-WAY BURNER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices designed for highly efficient low-emission combustion of organically containing mixed fractions of high moisture content, including such as grinding dust of plywood and furniture and MDF production, sawdust, shavings, wood chips, peat, litter, silt sediments, as well as high hazard class waste . The technical result of the proposed utility model is a significant improvement in the characteristics of the high-temperature inverter two-way burner. The technical result is achieved by that in a high-temperature inverter two-way burner comprising a metal casing consisting of four sections, three sections are lined shells joined on the flanges, and the fourth section is a lined curved lid, the first section comprising a cylindrical firing body with a boron and lining, between the lining of the firing body and the body there is a conical-shaped combustion chamber, at the top of which a pinch is located, the combustion chamber is connected to the fuel auger and the ignition switch the final device, at the bottom of the firing cylindrical body placed horizontal slit cyclone primary blast connected to the blast fan of the primary blast. The second section includes a vertical slotted secondary blast cyclone connected to a secondary blast fan. The third section is a dome for complete afterburning of fuel. The first and third sections contain sight pipes. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to devices designed for highly efficient low-emission combustion of organically containing mixed fractions of high moisture content, including such as grinding dust of plywood and furniture and MDF production, sawdust, shavings, wood chips, peat, litter, silt sediments, as well as high hazard class waste .

There are various technical solutions in this area.

So, it is known invention RU No. 2350838, IPC F23C 5/24, publ. March 27, 2009. A high-temperature cyclone reactor for burning low-grade fuels, namely for burning fine coal fuels, wood waste, combustible secondary energy resources, etc., has a cylindrical vertical casing consisting of at least four cylindrical sections (steps), designed to separate the crushed fuel into fractions, the diameter of each subsequent section being 1.3-1.5 times larger than the diameter of the previous section, and the upper section is connected by ash pipes to a hopper for removing slag and ash. Fuel and oxidizer are tangentially fed to the lower stage of the reactor. The separation sections form shelves, and the shelf of the third stage contains vertical fuel recirculation channels connecting the shelves of the third and second stage. In the third separation section, secondary heated air is tangentially supplied, the flow rate of which is regulated by dampers. To remove ash from the upper section of the reactor, ash removal pipes connecting the upper stage with a hopper for slag and ash are provided.

A disadvantage of the known installation is the design complexity associated with the use of fuel recirculation channels and adjustable secondary air supply flaps. Testing of this design during the combustion of crushed coal and biomass showed low efficiency of these elements. The recirculation channels are clogged with coking fuel.

Known invention RU No. 2067724, IPC F23C 5/24, publ. 10.10.1996, "Low-emission vortex furnace". The furnace contains at least one burner made in the form of two channels arranged one above the other for supplying a fuel-air mixture. Each of the channels is equipped with a device for regulating the fuel-air ratio, which provides such a ratio of the amount of air to the amount of fuel in each of the channels that for the upstream channel this ratio is always greater than for the downstream channel. The longitudinal axes of the channels are inclined so that the angles between the longitudinal axes of the upstream and downstream channels (in the projections of these axes onto the furnace wall with respect to the vertical) for the downstream channel are smaller than for the upstream channel. The furnace can also be equipped with a device for supplying to each channel a predetermined fractional (particle size) composition of the fuel. During the operation of such a furnace, three functional zones are formed in the furnace volume: the ignition and active combustion zone, the recovery zone, and the afterburning zone. This causes a certain reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the furnace and at the same time high economic characteristics of the furnace.

The disadvantages of the known solution.

When burning highly reactive fuels with a fine particle size distribution, such as bituminous and brown coals with a high yield of volatiles (V ^daf = 30 ... 40%), a rather large amount of nitrogen oxides is formed in such a furnace. This is especially true for zones in the burner area. Small particles of highly reactive fuels fed through two channels located one above the other quickly ignite in the initial sections of the flame near the burners, which locally raises the process temperature. The presence in this zone of primary air supplied with the fuel-air mixture and secondary air supplied above the jet of the fuel-air mixture is excessive for the combustion of small particles. Due to a sharp rise in temperature and the presence of free oxygen, local intensive generation of nitrogen oxides occurs due to the recombination of fragments of nitrogen molecules, which appeared together with volatile substances, into nitrogen oxides. This is a consequence of the high intensity of mixing the fuel and air flows, the high intensity of ignition of small particles of fuel and a sharp rise in temperature in this combustion zone. Then, the concentration of nitrogen oxides decreases somewhat due to dilution by flue gases from the lower vortex zone, but it remains high enough to exit the furnace. This leads to a sufficiently large concentration of nitrogen oxides in flue gases and a deterioration in the environmental performance of the vortex furnace.

The closest set of essential features to the proposed utility model is a low-emission cyclone reactor (see patent RU for invention No. 2446350, IPC F23C 6/04; F23C 3/00; F23C 9/00, publ. 03/27/2012), which selected as a prototype.

The low-emission cyclone reactor contains a vertical casing comprising at least four stages of fuel separation into fractions, the first conical stage has an annular channel for mixing fuel and oxidizer with rectangular nozzles, and the third cylindrical stage has an annular channel for supplying secondary air with shutters, while the first stage is made conical, and the angle of inclination of the wall of the cone and rectangular nozzles β = 2.5 °. The dampers are made with a fixed angle of rotation φ = 78 ° -88 °.

The main disadvantages of the known solution compared to the proposed solution:

- restriction of the supplied fractional composition of the fuel in size up to 3 mm;

- the main disadvantage inherent in all direct-flow burners is spark-ignition and operation at low humidity of the fuel;

- coking fuel and melting ash on separation shelves.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to create a burner with improved characteristics, which will eliminate the disadvantages of known designs.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to improve the characteristics of a high-temperature inverter two-way burner.

The technical result is achieved in that in a high-temperature inverter two-way burner comprising a metal housing consisting of four sections, three sections are lined shells connected to the flanges, and the fourth section is a lined curved lid, the first section comprising a cylindrical firing body with boron and lining, between the linings of the firing body and the body there is a conical combustion chamber, at the top of which there is a pinch, the combustion chamber is connected Nena with fuel and seed-screw safety device at the bottom of the cylindrical body placed fire horizontal slit cyclone primary blast fan coupled to blow primary air blast. The second section includes a vertical slotted secondary blast cyclone connected to a secondary blast fan. The third section is a dome for complete afterburning of fuel. The first and third sections contain sight pipes.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated in FIG. 1, which shows a frontal section of the burner, where

1 - burner body;

2 - cover;

3 - a primary blast cyclone;

4 - cyclone secondary blast;

5 - sight pipes;

6 - fuel auger;

7 - ignition protection device;

8 - conical combustion chamber formed by the lining of the body and firing body;

9 - dome;

10 - primary blower fan;

11 - secondary blower fan;

12 - pinch;

13 - fire body with a fire hog;

14 - lining.

The high-temperature inverter two-way burner contains a metal casing 1, including four sections, sight pipes 5, allowing to observe the process of ignition and combustion.

The first section includes a horizontal primary cyclone slotted cyclone 3 connected to the primary blowing fan 10, a cylindrical firing body with a hog 13, a conical combustion chamber 8, the linings 14 of the housing 1, pinch (“pulp”) 12, the fuel screw 6, ignition-protective device 7.

The second section includes a vertical slotted cyclone 4 of the secondary blast connected to the fan 11 of the secondary blast.

The third section is a lined shell, forming a dome 9. There may be several, depending on the planned capacity of the burner.

The fourth section is a removable cover 2 curved shape.

Operating principle.

Fuel enters the burner through the fuel auger dispenser 6. A part of the screw blade is removed from the auger 6, the fuel is pressed in and a gas-tight “wad” is formed, preventing the fire from breaking into the fuel supply system.

The burner is ignited using a gas ignition-protective device 7 located below the level of the screw 6.

The ignition-protective device 7 is turned on, then the primary blower fan 10 for a small flow rate, which deflects the torch of the ignition-protection device 7 towards the screw 6.

The auger 6 is turned on, and the fuel enters the torch of the ignition protection device 7. The fuel ignites. This process is observed in the sight pipe 5.

Smoke from Fire Hog 13 appears.

After the formation of the fire ring at the surface of the cyclone 3 of the primary blast, the fuel supply and the air flow of the primary blast increase.

The ignition protection device 7 is turned off.

The secondary blower fan 11 is turned on.

A toroidal burning fuel vortex rises above the surface of the primary blast cyclone 3 and is located in a conical combustion chamber formed by the lining of the firing body 13 and the housing 1.

In a toroidal vortex, fuel is stratified by weight, light and burnt particles of a certain weight are ejected through pin 12 under the dome into the zone of operation of the secondary blast cyclone 4.

A fire vortex appears in dome 9, the temperature rises rapidly, the color of smoke disappears, the burner goes into a stable stationary mode.

The firing body 13 is heated to glow, after which the humidity of the fuel does not adversely affect the operation of the burner.

Advantages of the proposed utility model over known solutions

1. The design actively uses the force of gravity, which ensures the constancy of the angular and linear speeds of rotation of the toroidal body.

2. The design created a massive red-hot fire body and a conical space between the fire body and the inclined located lining of the body. The red-hot fire body and the voluminous lining of the hull, as well as the organized trajectory of burning particles, allow burning fuel with high humidity.

3. Created slotted cyclones in the design. The primary cyclone cyclone is horizontal slotted, which is the bottom of the burner and raises multifractional fuel in a whirlwind, preventing the fuel from dropping to its surface. As the cross section of the conical space increases, the pressure of the blast decreases proportionally, which leads to the formation of a toroidal vortex with a gradient of fuel particles inside it by weight and fractional composition. This design does not allow burning fuel particles to slip into the secondary blast zone through the pinch until they burn to a certain weight. A vertical slit secondary cyclone located above the pinch provides a circulating vortex under the dome and provides complete chemical and mechanical afterburning of the fuel.

4. Creating a dome allows you to organize a complete afterburning of fuel, regulating the position of the torch relative to the output of the fire pine forest, obtaining colorless smoke due to complete combustion of fuel, which allows the use of smoke by direct mixing without heat exchange surfaces in various thermal devices.

5. The design of the proposed device allows, by changing the volume of the dome, to provide work with a torch or without it just with colorless smoke.

6. The trajectory of the particles, the red-hot fire body and the dome space do not allow particles to slip through without igniting, preventing the flame from breaking off and preventing explosions with any fractional composition of the fuel.

7. The design of the proposed device allows you to achieve high temperatures necessary and sufficient for decomposition and complete safe combustion of wastes containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phenol-formaldehyde resins, and other hazardous wastes that require about 1250 degrees for utilization.

8. The absence of flue gas staining allows the device to be used in drying and other complexes, providing or restoring the temperature of the used gas media by direct mixing without transferring heat through heat exchange surfaces, reaching maximum efficiency.

Thus, the proposed device has improved characteristics compared with known designs.

Claims (1)

1. A high-temperature inverter two-way burner containing a metal housing consisting of four sections, characterized in that the three sections are lined shells connected to the flanges, and the fourth section is a lined curved lid, the first section comprising a cylindrical firing body with a hog and a lining, between the linings of the firing body and the body there is a conical combustion chamber, at the top of which a pinch is located, the combustion chamber is connected to the fuel auger ohm and ignition-protective device, at the bottom of the firing cylindrical body there is a horizontal primary slit cyclone cyclone connected to the primary blast fan, the second section includes a vertical secondary blast cyclone connected to the secondary blast fan, the third section is a dome for complete afterburning of fuel, wherein the first and third sections contain sight pipes.