KR20180016635A - 핵산 제조 방법 - Google Patents
핵산 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20180016635A KR20180016635A KR1020187003649A KR20187003649A KR20180016635A KR 20180016635 A KR20180016635 A KR 20180016635A KR 1020187003649 A KR1020187003649 A KR 1020187003649A KR 20187003649 A KR20187003649 A KR 20187003649A KR 20180016635 A KR20180016635 A KR 20180016635A
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Abstract
Description
도 2. pET_his_MLV_pD 플라스미드의 구조
도 3. 실시예 1 - CRD 선별 동안에 합성한 cDNA를 대상으로 실시한 1차 PCR의 아가로스 젤 전기영동. 사용 프라이머: RD_Nde(서열번호 9) 및 pD_55(서열번호 10). PCR 단편의 예상 길이는 MLV_pD가 2185 bp이고, del_pD가 2014 bp이었다. 증폭은, 웰 당 PCR 믹스 10 ㎕를 로딩한 1% 아가로스 젤에서 분석하였다.
도 4. 실시예 1 - 1차 PCR 산물을 대상으로 수행한 유전자 일부 증폭에 대한 네스티드 PCR의 아가로스 젤 전기영동. 사용 프라이머: M_F (서열번호 11) 및 M_2R (서열번호 12). PCR 단편의 예상 길이는 MLV_pD가 907 bp이고, del_pD가 736 bp이었다. 증폭은, 웰 당 PCR 믹스 10 ㎕를 로딩한 1% 아가로스 젤에서 분석하였다.
도 5. 실시예 1 - 1차 PCR 산물을 대상으로 수행한 전체 유전자 증폭에 대한 네스티드 PCR의 아가로스 젤 전기영동. 사용 프라이머: M_Esp (서열번호 13) 및 M_Eri (서열번호 14). PCR 단편의 예상 길이는 MLV_pD가 2077 bp이고, del_pD가 1906 bp이었다. 증폭은, 웰 당 PCR 믹스 10 ㎕를 로딩한 1% 아가로스 젤에서 분석하였다.
도 6. 실시예 2의 CRD 선별을 위한 실험 계획. 역전사 효소(단백질 D와 융합형) MLV_pD의 돌연변이 라이브러리를 코딩하는 PCR 단편을 이용하여 mRNA를 합성하였다. 정제한 mRNA를 시험관내 번역 반응에 사용하였다. mRNA-리보솜-MLV_pD(tRNA)의 3중 복합체(TC)를 번역 혼합물 중에서 형성시켰으며, 저온과 고농도의 Mg2 + 이온으로 안정화시켰다. TC의 혼합물은 슈크로스 완충 상에서 초원심분리로 정제하였다. 침전된 TC를 차가운 완충액(50mM Mg2 +)에 용해하고, 이를 이용하여 외부 dNTP 세트와 프라이머가 첨가된 RT 반응용 역전사 반응 믹스를 제조하였다. 차가운 RT 반응 혼합물은 에멀젼화되어, ~2 ㎛ 크기의 유중수 구획체 ~1 x 1010가 형성되었다. MLV RT의 최적 반응 온도는 ~42℃이다. 보다 높은 온도에서 더 잘 작동하는 역전사 효소 변이체를 선별하기 위해, 에멀젼화된 RT 반응 혼합물(구획체 당 TC(mRNA + MLV RT) 1개 이하)을 50℃에서 1시간 인큐베이션하였다. 이 온도에서, 전장 cDNA의 성공적인 합성은 활성이 보다 우수하거나 열 안정성이 우수한 MLV 역전사 효소 변이체가 포함된 구획내에서 잘 수행되었다. 후속적인 PCR을 실시하여 전장 cDNA를 증폭시키고, 활성이 보다 우수하고 열 안정적인 역전사 효소 유전자의 농화를 수행하였다. PCR 증폭시킨 유전자들을 CRD 포맷으로 다시 이동시켜, 라이게이션 PCR에 의해 온전한 5' (START 단편 - T7 중합효소 프로모터, SD 및 His-테그 코딩 서열) 및 3' (END 단편 - gs 링커, 단백질 D 및 제2 gs 링커) 서열을 복원하였다. 역전사 효소 유전자의 농화된 라이브러리가 포함된, 재구축한 PCR 단편을, 이후 mRNA 전사와 다음의 CRD 선별 과정에 사용하였다. 각 선별 과정은 보다 높은 온도의 RT 반응에서 수행하였다: 50℃ (1st 라운드); 52.5℃ (2nd 라운드); 55℃ (3rd 라운드); 57.5℃ (4th 라운드) 및 60℃ (5th 라운드).
도 7. 새로운 CRD 선별 라운드를 수행하기 전 PCR 단편의 재구축 계획. 돌연변이된 MLV RT 라이브러리를 Esp3I(NcoI 상용가능한 말단)와 EcoRI으로 자르고, CRD 선별에 적합한 PCR 단편을 수득하기 위해, START(244 bp)와 END(398 bp) 단편을 연결하였다. START 단편(T7 중합효소 프로모터, SD 및 His-테그 코딩 서열 포함)은 처음 983 bp START 단편(타겟 - 플라스미드 pET_his_del_pD(서열번호 2), 프라이머 - pro-pIVEX(서열번호 3) 및 M_1R(서열번호 15))을 PCR 증폭한 다음, NcoI(인지 서열 C↓CATGG)으로 잘라, 244 bp DNA 단편으로 구축하였다. END 단편 (gs 링커, 단백질 D 및 제2 gs 링커 서열 포함)은, 처음 1039 bp END 단편(타겟 - 플라스미드 pET_his_del_pD(서열번호 2), 프라이머 - M_3F(서열번호 16) 및 pD-ter(서열번호 4))을 PCR 증폭한 다음, EcoRI(인지 서열 G↓AATTC)으로 잘라, 398 bp DNA 단편으로 구축하였다.
도 8. 37℃, 50℃에서 측정한 돌연변이 RT 변이체들의 역전사 효소 활성 및 50℃에서 5분 인큐베이션한 후 37℃에서의 잔류 활성. 37℃에서의 역전사 효소 활성은 항상 100%로 표준화하였고, 생략하였다. 따라서, 2가지 타입의 막대(50℃에서의 RT 활성% 및 50℃에서 5분 인큐베이션한 후 37℃에서의 잔류 RT 활성%)만 나타낸다. 대조군은 돌연변이 라이브러리 구축에 사용한 wt M-MuLV 역전사 효소이다. 이러한 일차 효소(primary enzyme)는 돌연변이 RT 변이체와 동일한 벡터에서 발현시키고 동일한 방식으로 정제하였다. 테스트한 모든 돌연변이의 50℃에서의 돌연변이 RT 활성의 평균값은 약 ~92%이었고, wt 효소(45%) 보다 2배 이상 높았다. 50℃에서 5분 인큐베이션한 후 37℃에서의 돌연변이 RT 변이체의 평균 잔류 활성은 12%(wt 효소 - 11%)였다.
도 9. 37℃에서 10분 측정한, 부분 정제된 wt 및 돌연변이 RT 변이체의 비활성도(U/mg(단백질)).
도 10. FACS를 이용한 CRD 선별의 제안된 실험 계획. 대상 단백질을 리보솜 디스플레이 포맷으로 나열한다. mRNA-리보솜-단백질(tRNA)을 포함하는, 정제된(또는 단순히 여러번 희석한) 3중 복합체를, 반응 완충액 중에서 비-형광 기질(S)과 혼합한 다음, 수중유중수의 이중 에멀젼으로 에멀젼화하였다. 구획화된 효소의 활성 변이체들은, 기질(S)을, FACS를 통해 형광(활성형 효소 내부) 및 "어둠"(비활성형 효소 내부) 액적을 구별할 수 있는, 형광성 산물(P)로 변환시킬 것이다.
도 11. CRD를 이용한 열 안정적인 DNA 중합효소의 선별 및 진화에 대한 제안된 실험 계획. 대상 중합효소는 리보솜 디스플레이 포맷으로 나열되어야 한다. mRNA-리보솜-중합효소를 포함하는, 선택적으로 정제된 (또는 단순히 여러번 희석된) 3중 복합체를 이용하여, PCR 완충액 중에 역전사 효소(헬퍼 효소), dNTP 및 프라이머 세트와 함께 반응 혼합물을 제조할 수 있다. 반응 용액은 에멀젼화되어 유중수 에멀젼이 형성된다. 1차 RT 단계에서 - 역전사 효소는 cDNA를 합성하여야 하며, 그 후 제2 PCR 단계의 타겟으로서 제공될 것이다 - 리보솜에 나열된 DNA 중합효소에 의한 cDNA 증폭. PCR에 사용되는 프라이머 중 한가지는, 스트렙타비딘 비드와 비-상보적인 5' 말단을 이용한 이후의 선택적인 정제를 위한 바이오틴을 함유할 수 있다. RT-PCR 수행 후, 에멀젼을 파괴시키고, 새롭게 합성된 DNA 단편은 바이오틴을 통해 정제할 수 있으며, cDNA에 비상보적이지만 1차 증폭 반응에 사용된 프라이머의 5' 부분과는 동일한 서열을 가진 프라이머가 포함된 새로운 프라이머 세트를 이용하여 다시 증폭시킬 수 있다(cDNA 백그라운드 상에서 DNA의 선별적인 증폭). 활성이 보다 강한 DNA 중합효소 변이체들은 활성이 보다 낮은 변이체들 보다 농화될 것이며, 이것은 추가적인 분석이나 다음 번의 선별 라운드에 사용할 수 있다.
도 12. 실시예 4의 실험 계획. 본 실험 설계에서는, M-MuLV 역전사 효소를 DNA 의존성 DNA 중합효소로 사용한다. 2가지 플라스미드 pET_his_MLV_D583N_pD (RNase H 생략된 M-MLV(Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus) 역전사 효소 및 단백질 D 스페이서 융합형) 및 pET_his_del_pD (비활성 역전사 효소 및 단백질 D 스페이서 융합형 - pol 도메인에 아미노산 57개 결손 및 RNase H 도메인에 점 돌연변이 D583N)를 이용하여 PCR 단편들을 합성하였다. 나아가, PCR 단편들을 전사 반응에 이용한다. 정제된 mRNA를, 비율 1 : 20 = MLV_D583N_pD (활성형 RT) : del_pD (비활성형 RT)로 혼합하고, 이를 이용하여 T4 DNA 라이게이즈를 이용한 mRNA 믹스에 대한 dsDNA 라이게이션에 의해 mRNA/dsDNA 복합체를 제조한다. mRNA/dsDNA 복합체는 시험관내 번역 반응에 사용한다. 번역 반응이 진행되는 동안에, 리보솜 복합체는 단백질을 합성하며, mRNA의 말단(mRNA/DNA 하이브리드 시작부)에서 정지한다. 3중 복합체(TC)의 혼합물은, 슈크로스 완충물 상에서의 초원심분리에 의해 정제한다. 정제된 3중 복합체(<3 x 109개의 분자가 수득됨)는 이미 시험관내 번역된 중합효소(M-MuLV 역전사 효소)가 연결된 mRNA/dsDNA를 포함하고 있으며, 이것을 이용하여, 외래 바이오틴-dUTP이 첨가된 연장 반응 믹스를 준비한다. 차가운 반응 혼합물은 에멀젼화되어, ~2 ㎛ 크기의 유중수 구획체 ~1 x 1010를 형성한다. 에멀젼화된 연장 반응 혼합물(구획 당 TC(mRNA/dsDNA + 중합효소) 1개 이하)은 바이오틴화된 뉴클레오티드를 병합하기 위해 37℃에서 30분간 인큐베이션한다. 구획화된 반응 혼합물의 온도를 승온시킨 후, 대부분의 TC는 해리되어, mRNA/dsDNA 복합체와 중합효소는 방출된다. dsDNA 기질에 대한 성공적인 병합 반응은, 활성형 중합효소(역전사 효소 - MLV_D583N_pD)가 포함된 구획에서만 이루어지며, 비활성형 중합효소(del_pD)가 포함된 구획에서는 cDNA는 합성되지 않는다. 에멀젼이 파괴된 후, 젤 여과 미니-컬럼을 이용하여 과잉의 바이오틴-dUTP를 제거한다. 바이오틴화된 mRNA/dsDNA 복합체는 스트렙타비딘 비드 상에서 정제하며, 이를 이용하여 cDNA를 합성한다. 이후의 PCR을 통해 cDNA를 합성하며, 비활성형 중합효소(del_pD) 대비 활성형 중합효소(역전사 효소 - MLV_D583N_pD)의 농화가 관찰된다.
도 13. mRNA/dsDNA 복합체 및 자가 개시된(primed) mRNA로의 바이오틴-dUTP 병합율 측정. dTTP 또는 바이오틴-dUTP를 병합한 후, mRNA/dsDNA(MLV_D583N_pD) 및 mRNA(del_pD)의 샘플에 대해 수행한 RT-PCR 사진. 앰플리콘의 예상 크기는 MLV_D583N_pD가 907 bp, del_pD cDNA가 736 bp이다. PCR 산물은, 웰 당 PCR 믹스 10 ㎕를 로딩한 1% 아가로스 젤에서 분석하였다.
도 14. dTTP(바이오틴-dUTP) 및 [α-P33]dATP의 병합에 의한 mRNA/dsDNA 복합체의 일반적인 컨트롤. 방사성 dATP는 초기 dTTP 또는 바이오틴-dUTP에 병합된 다음 dsDNA 기질에 도입되어야 한다. A - 에티듐 브로마이드로 가시화된 아가로스 젤(mRNA 또는 mRNA/dsDNA 밴드 ~2.5 kb). B - A와 동일한 샘플로서, 필터지 상에서 건조시키고 사이클론 포스포르 이미저로 가시화함(Perkin-Elmer, Wellesley, MA). 표지된 mRNA/dsDNA 복합체 및/또는 dsDNA 밴드가 관찰된다. C - mRNA/dsDNA 복합체에서 DsDNA 구조 및 서열.
도 15. 실시예 4의 최종 제조된 RT-PCR 단편의 분석. 앰플리콘의 예상 크기는 MLV_D583N_pD가 907 bp이고 del_pD cDNA가 736 bp이다. PCR 산물은, 웰 당 PCR 믹스 10 ㎕를 로딩한 1% 아가로스 젤에서 분석하였다. 스트렙타비딘 비드로 정제하기 전의 RT-PCR 샘플은 활성형과 비활성형 중합효소 유전자의 비율이 1:20 (거의 del_pD 단편 ~736 bp만 육안으로 확인됨)이다. 스트렙타비딘 비드 상에서의 정제한 후, RT-PCR 샘플에서의, 1회 선별 라운드 후 활성형 및 비활성형 중합효소 유전자의 비율은 1:1이다. 이러한 선별에서의 농화 차수는 ~20으로 관찰된다.
도 16. 1 kb 및 4.5 kb cDNA 합성 반응의 최고 온도를 결정하기 위해 사용한 알칼리 아가로스 젤의 일부 예. PCR 장비 - Eppendor Mastercycle Gradient. A-D - 1 kb cDNA 합성 (M-MuLV (wt), D200N, L603W 및 Q221R); 온도 구배 41.9℃, 43.6℃, 45.5℃, 47.8℃, 50.4℃, 53.1℃, 55.8℃, 58.1℃, 60.1℃, 62.1℃; 크기 표준 - DNA Fast Ruler Middle Range(Fermentas). E-G - 4.5 kb cDNA 합성(M2, M3 및 M4); 온도 구배 49.8℃, 51.5℃, 53.4℃, 55.7℃, 58.3℃, 61.0℃, 63.7℃, 66.1℃, 68.0℃, 70.0℃; 크기 표준 - Zip Ruler Express DNA ladder 2(Fermentas).
부록 1. 처음 MLV RT 라이브러리에서 발견된 전체 돌연변이 도표(NcoI와 EcoRI 제한효소 부위 사이의 서열 - 서열번호 24). 23개의 뉴클레오티드 돌연변이들이, 서열분석한 10개의 유전자들에서 확인되었고(변위 1개, 전이 20개 - 돌연변이된 위치들은 밑줄 침, 서열 위에 돌연변이 서열 나타냄, 결손 2개 - 밑줄 표시하고 서열 위에 점선 표시), 아미노산 교체 15개, 침묵 돌연변이 6개, 정지 코돈 1개 및 코딩 프래임의 프래임 이동 2건이 확인되었으며, 평균적으로 유전자 1개 당 아미노산 치환율은 1-2개이다.
부록 2. 문헌들에서 일반적으로 사용된 바와 동일하게 아미노산 번호를 매기기 위해 N 말단에 His 테그가 없는, 전체 104개 단백질 서열의 CLUSTALW 정렬. 야생형 서열인 MLV(서열번호 25)는 늘 첫번째 서열로 둔다(돌연변이 서열들은, 나타낸 순서대로 서열번호 26 - 128로 기재함). 돌연변이는 역상의 백색 글씨로 표시된다. 어떠한 방식으로도 M-MuLV 역전사 효소 특성을 개선시키고 다른 특허 출원에서도 언급된 돌연변이의 아미노산 위치는, 회색으로 강조한 아미노산(백색 글자) 행 열로 표시되어 있다. 본 발명에서 선별되었으며 회색 줄로 표시되는 돌연변이는, 본 선별 방법이 유익한 주요 부위(hot spot)나 도처에 언급된 실제 아미노산 돌연변이를 정확하게 조준하고 있음을 시사한다. 50℃에서의 활성인 최초 wt M-MuLV(wt 활성 70%, 특히 45%) 보다 실질적으로 우수한 것으로 분석된 단백질의 서열은 회색으로 강조되어 있다.
부록 3. 선별된 모든 RT 변이체들에서 확인된 돌연변이 리스트. 단백질은 돌연변이 갯수의 내림차순으로 정렬되어 있다.
부록 4. 선별된 RT 변이체의 돌연변이 빈도(내림차수). 50℃에서의 활성이 최초 wt M-MuLV(wt 활성 70%, 특히 45%) 보다 실질적으로 우수한 것으로 분석된 단백질의 서열은 회색으로 강조되어 있다.
부록 5. M-MuLV (wt) 역전사 효소 및 단일 돌연변이에 대한 총괄 표로서, 단백질 명칭, 선별 빈도(실제 돌연변이가 있는 서열분석한 돌연변이의 수, 괄호 안 숫자는 본 설별에서 확인딘 특정 아미노산 돌연변이의 총 수를 나타냄), 단백질 농도(mg/ml), 37℃에서의 역전사 효소 특이적인 활성(U/mg), 50℃에서의 상대적인 활성(%), 효소를 50℃에서 5분간 인큐베이션한 후 37℃에서의 상대적인 잔류 활성(%), 단백질의 특이적인 RNase H 활성(U/mol), 상대적인 RNase H 활성(%) 및 1 kb DNA 합성 반응의 최고 온도가 열거되어 있다.
부록 6. M-MuLV (wt) 역전사 효소 및 단일 돌연변이에 대한 총괄 표로서, 단백질 명칭, 단백질 농도(mg/ml), 37℃에서의 역전사 효소 특이적인 활성(U/mg), 50℃에서의 상대적인 활성(%), 1 kb 및 4.5 kb cDNA 합성 반응의 최고 온도가 열거되어 있다.
부록 7. 서열번호 1 내지 23에 대한 서열과 정보
Claims (17)
- 몰로니 뮤라인 백혈병 바이러스 (Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus) 역전사 효소로서,
서열번호 25의 아미노산 서열을 포함하며,
42℃ 내지 60℃의 온도에서 최적의 활성을 가지며,
상기 아미노산 서열이
(a) D200N, A 또는 G를 포함하거나, 또는
(b) (i) D200N, A 또는 G 및 (ii) 하기 돌연변이들 중 하나 이상의 조합을 포함하는, 역전사 효소:
L603W 또는 M; L139P; T330P; E607K, G 또는 A; T287A;
Q221R; I49V 또는 T; N479D; H594K, R 또는 Q; H634Y; D524A, N 또는 G;
A502V; D653G, A, H 또는 V; K658R 또는 Q; P130S; Q237R;
A307V; Y344H; Q430R; D449G 또는 A; A644V 또는 T; N649S;
L671P; E673G 또는 K; M39V 또는 L; Q91R 또는 L; M66L; W388R;
I179T 또는 V; L333Q; R390W; Q374R; 및 E5K. - 제1항에 있어서,
대응되는 야생형 효소에 비해 50℃ 이상의 온도에서 더 높은 활성을 가지는, 역전사 효소. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,
대응되는 야생형 효소에 비해 50℃에서 더 높은 활성을 가지는, 역전사 효소. - 제1항에 있어서,
50℃에서 대응되는 야생형 효소에 비해 110% 이상의 비활성(specific activity)을 가지는, 역전사 효소. - 제1항에 있어서,
47.8℃의 온도에서 cDNA를 합성하는 능력을 가진, 역전사 효소. - 제1항에 있어서,
2 이상의 돌연변이를 포함하는, 역전사 효소. - 제6항에 있어서,
상기 2 이상의 돌연변이가 D200N, A 또는 G 및 L139P인, 역전사 효소. - 제7항에 있어서,
상기 2 이상의 돌연변이가 D200N 및 L139P인, 역전사 효소. - 제6항에 있어서,
상기 2 이상의 돌연변이가 D200N, A 또는 G 및 T330P인, 역전사 효소. - 제9항에 있어서,
상기 2 이상의 돌연변이가 D200N 및 T330P인, 역전사 효소. - 제6항에 있어서,
상기 2 이상의 돌연변이가 D200N, A 또는 G 및 N479D인, 역전사 효소. - 제11항에 있어서,
상기 2 이상의 돌연변이가 D200N 및 N479D인, 역전사 효소. - 제6항에 있어서,
상기 2 이상의 돌연변이가 D200N, A 또는 G 및 L603W 또는 M인, 역전사 효소. - 제13항에 있어서,
상기 2 이상의 돌연변이가 D200N 및 L603W인, 역전사 효소. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 돌연변이가 D653G, A, H 또는 V인, 역전사 효소. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 돌연변이가 H594K, R 또는 Q인, 역전사 효소. - 제1항에 따른 역전사 효소를 코딩하는 폴리뉴클레오티드.
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| CA2401417A1 (en) | 2000-03-15 | 2001-09-20 | Invitrogen Corporation | High fidelity reverse transcriptases and uses thereof |
| CA2402452A1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-11 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited | Improvements to ribosome display |
| US20040209276A1 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2004-10-21 | Smith Michael D. | Thermostable reverse transcriptases and uses thereof |
| US7078208B2 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2006-07-18 | Invitrogen Corporation | Thermostable reverse transcriptases and uses thereof |
| CN1430670A (zh) * | 2000-05-26 | 2003-07-16 | 茵维特罗根公司 | 热稳定逆转录酶及其用途 |
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| GB0221053D0 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2002-10-23 | Medical Res Council | Single-molecule in vitro evolution |
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| WO2005071072A1 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-08-04 | The Institute Of Biophysics Chinese Academy Of Sciences | The recombinant murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase, the gene encoding it and the method for expressing it |
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| JPWO2007011045A1 (ja) * | 2005-07-20 | 2009-02-05 | 株式会社クラレ | パージング剤 |
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| WO2007022045A2 (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2007-02-22 | Stratagene California | Mutant reverse transcriptase and methods of use |
| KR101653775B1 (ko) * | 2008-04-10 | 2016-09-05 | 써모 피셔 사이언티픽 발틱스 유에이비 | 핵산 제조 방법 |
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