KR20160083001A - 기화기를 포함하는 액체 연료 개질 장치 및 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법 - Google Patents
기화기를 포함하는 액체 연료 개질 장치 및 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20160083001A KR20160083001A KR1020167012061A KR20167012061A KR20160083001A KR 20160083001 A KR20160083001 A KR 20160083001A KR 1020167012061 A KR1020167012061 A KR 1020167012061A KR 20167012061 A KR20167012061 A KR 20167012061A KR 20160083001 A KR20160083001 A KR 20160083001A
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- fuel
- liquid
- reforming
- conduit
- oxygen
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Abstract
Description
도 1A 및 1B는 본 발명에 따르는 개질장치 및 액체 연료 기화기의 두 구체예의 개략적인 블록도이다.
도 2A는 도 1A의 액체 연료 개질장치의 작동들을 관리하기 위한 예시적인 제어 시스템의 개략적인 블록도이다.
도 2B는 도 2A에 도시된 제어 시스템과 같은 제어기에 의해 실행되는 예시적인 제어 루틴의 플로우챠트이다.
도 3A는 본 발명의 하나의 구체예에 따르는 액체 개질장치의 종단면도이다.
도 3B는 도 4A에 도시된 액체 연료 개질장치의 액체 연료 기화기 시스템의 확대된 종단면도이다.
도 3C 및 3D는 각각 도 3A 및 3B에 도시된 액체 연료 개질장치의 액체 연료 기화기 시스템의 연료 스프레더 구성요소의 하나의 구체예의 확대된 사시도 및 종단면이다.
도 4A는 본 발명의 또 하나의 구체예에 따르는 액체 연료 개질장치의 종단면도이다.
도 4B는 도 4A에 도시된 액체 연료 개질장치의 변형예의 종단면도이다.
도 5는 정상-상태 모드 중에 산소-함유 기체 및/또는 액체 개질가능 연료의 외부 가열에 특징이 있는, 본 발명의 추가 구체예에 따르는 액체 연료 개질장치의 종단면도이다.
도 6A 및 6B는 각각 도 4A 및 5에 도시된 CPOX 반응기 유닛들의 CPOX 반응 구역들 내에서 온도를 제어하기 위한 열교환기 구조 구체예들의 종단면도 및 평면단면도이다.
도 7은 본 발명의 액체 연료 개질장치가 정상-상태 모드에서 작동하고 있을 때, 최대 연료(디젤) 전환 용량의 변화하는 백분율에서 상기 개질 장치 내에서 개질 반응 온도에 대한 개질 반응 혼합물의 산소 대 탄소 몰비 간의 관계를 보여주는 데이터 그래프를 제시한다.
Claims (35)
- 수소-풍부 리포메이트의 생산을 위한 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템에 있어서,
상기 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템은, 개질장치 유입구를 포함하여 구성되는 액체 연료 개질장치; 산소-함유 기체 유입구, 산소-함유 기체 유입구의 하류에 위치하는 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구, 및 상기 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구의 하류에 위치하는 기체 반응 혼합물 유출구를 포함하여 구성되는 도관; 전기 가열기를 포함하여 구성되는 제1 열원; 상기 액체 연료 개질장치 및/또는 액체 연료 개질장치 외부의 수소 리포메이트-소비 디바이스로부터의 발열 열을 포함하여 구성되는 제2 열원, 및 기화기를 포함하여 구성되고;
상기 도관은 상기 산소-함유 기체 유입구, 상기 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구 및 상기 기체 반응 혼합물 유출구 사이에서 유체 연통을 제공하며, 상기 기체 반응 혼합물 유출구는 상기 개질장치 유입구와 유체 연통하고;
상기 제1 열원은 산소-함유 기체 유입구의 하류이고 상기 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구의 상류인 위치에서 상기 도관에 배치되고;
상기 제2 열원은 상기 제1 열원의 하류이고 상기 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구의 상류인 위치에서 상기 도관과 열 연통하고;
상기 기화기는 상기 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구의 하류인 위치에서 상기 도관에 배치되거나, 또는 상기 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구를 구획하는.
액체 연료 개질장치 시스템. - 제1항에 있어서, 전기가열기를 포함하여 구성되는 제3열원을 포함하여 구성되고, 상기 제3 열원은 상기 제1 및 제2 열원의 하류이고 상기 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구의 상류인 위치에서 상기 도관에 배치되는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 전기 가열기들이 전기저항 가열기들인, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 개질장치와 열방산(heat-dissipating) 연통하는 열교환기를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제1항 내지 제4항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 제어기를 포함하여 구성되며, 상기 제어기는 상기 도관에 또는 상기 기화기의 유출구의 하류에 위치하는 열전대, 상기 기화기의 상류에서 상기 도관에 위치하는 열전대, 상기 기화기의 상류에서 상기 도관에 위치하는 산소-함유 기체 유량계, 상기 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구에 또는 그 상류에 위치하는 액체 개질가능 연료 유량계, 산소-함유 기체 공급원, 액체 개질가능 연료 공급원, 상기 제1 열원, 상기 제2 열원, 및 상기 제3 열원과 연동(operable communication)하는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제1항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 수소 리포메이트-소비 디바이스는 연료 전지 유닛을 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 제3 열원은 연료 전지 스택 및/또는 연료 전지 유닛의 애프터버너로부터의 발열 열을 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 기화기는 액체 연료 라인을 포함하여 구성되고, 상기 액체 연료 라인은 상기 기화기와 액체연료 공급원 사이에 유체 연통을 제공하는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 도관에 위치하는 상기 액체 연료 라인의 말단 섹션이 연료 스프레더를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제8항 또는 제9항에 있어서, 상기 액체 연료 라인은 열전달부를 포함하여 구성되고, 상기 액체 연료 라인의 상기 열전달부는 상기 제1 열원, 상기 제2 열원, 및 상기 제3 열원 중의 적어도 하나와 또는 인접하여 열 연통하는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 기화기가 연료 스프레더를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제9항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 연료 스프레더가 윅(wick) 또는 분무기인, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 액체 연료 개질장치가 자기열 개질장치인, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제1항 내지 12항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 산소-함유 기체 유입구가 물/스팀 유입구로 대체되고, 상기 액체 연료 개질장치가 스팀 개질장치인, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제1항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 제2 열원이 상기 기화기에 근접하여 상기 기화기의 상류에 위치하는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제1항 내지 제16항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 도관에 연결된 분지도관을 더 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제16항에 있어서, 상기 분지 도관이 메인 도관 내에 배치되는 산소-함유 기체 유입구와 상기 메인 도관에 연결되는 산소-함유 기체 유출구를 포함하여 구성되고, 액체 연료 기화 구역의 하류에 배치되는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 제16항에 있어서, 상기 분지 도관이 상기 메인 도관 외부에 배치되는 산소-함유 기체 유입구와 상기 메인 도관에 연결된 산소-함유 기체 유출구를 포함하여 구성되고, 액체 연료 기화 구역의 하류에 배치되는, 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
- 개질장치의 유입구 쪽으로 유체들을 전송하기 위한 도관으로 산소-함유 기체를 도입하는 단계;
상기 도관에 배치된 전기 가열기를 포함하여 구성되는 제1 열원, 및 상기 도관에 배치되며 액체 연료 개질장치 및/또는 상기 액체 연료 개질장치 외부의 수소 리포메이트-소비 디바이스로부터의 발열 열을 포함하여 구성되는 제2 열원 중의 적어도 하나로 상기 산소-함유 기체의 스트림을 가열하여 가열된 산소-함유 기체의 스트림을 제공하는 단계;
기화기를 통해 또는 기화기에 근접하여 액체 개질가능 연료를 상기 가열된 산소-함유 기체 스트림에 도입하여, 가열된 기체 개질 반응 혼합물을 제공하는 단계; 및
상기 가열된 기체 개질 반응 혼합물을 개질하여 수소-풍부 리포메이트를 생산하는 단계를 포함하여 구성되는,
액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법. - 제19항에 있어서, 상기 산소-함유 기체 스트림 및/또는 상기 가열된 산소-함유 기체 스트림을 제1 및 제2 열원 하류이고 기화기 상류인 위치에서 상기 도관에 배치되는 전기 가열기를 포함하여 구성되는 제3 열원으로 가열하는 단계를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법.
- 제20항에 있어서, 상기 산소-함유 기체 스트림을 상기 제1 열원으로 가열하는 것을 중단하는 단계; 및 산소-함유 기체 스트림을 제2 및 제3 열원으로 가열하는 단계를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법.
- 제19항 내지 제21항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 제2 열원 및/또는 제3 열원에 의해 공급되는 열을 조절하는 단계를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법.
- 제19항 내지 제22항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 액체 액체 개질가능 연료를 기화기로 도입하기 전에, 제2 열원 및/또는 존재하는 경우 제3 열원을 사용하여 액체 개질가능 연료를 가열하는 단계를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법.
- 제19항 내지 23항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 가열된 산소-함유 기체 스트림으로 도입되는 상기 액체 개질가능 연료가 상기 가열된 산소-함유 기체와 접촉시 기화하는, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법.
- 제19항 내지 제24항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 전기 가열기들이 전기저항 가열기들인, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법.
- 제20항 내지 제25항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 수소 리포메이트-소비 디바이스는 연료 전지 유닛을 포함하여 구성되고, 상기 발열 열은 연료 전지 스택 및/또는 연료 전지 유닛의 애프터버너로부터의 열을 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법.
- 제19항 내지 제24항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
가열된 산소-함유 기체 스트림의 유량, 액체 개질가능 연료의 유량, 기화기의 온도, 가열된 산소-함유 기체 스트림의 온도 및 액체 개질가능 연료의 온도를 모니터링하는 단계; 및
상기 모니터링의 결과에 응답하여 상기 액체 개질가능 연료의 기화를 제어하는 단계를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법. - 제27항에 있어서, 상기 기화 제어 단계는 상기 제2 열원 및 상기 제3 열원에 의해 공급되는 열을 조절하는 단계를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법.
- 제19항 내지 제27항에 있어서, 상기 가열된 기체 개질 반응 혼합물을 개질하는 단계는 자기열 개질을 포함하여 구성되고, 상기 방법은 상기 도관 내로 스팀을 도입하여 기체 액체 개질가능 연료, 산소-함유 기체 및 스팀을 포함하여 구성되는가열된 기체 개질 반응 혼합물을 제공하는 단계를 더 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법.
- 제29항에 있어서, 도관으로 스팀을 도입하는 단계는 기화기를 통해 스팀을 도입하는 단계를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법.
- 제30항에 있어서, 상기 기화기는 연료 스프레더를 포함하여 구성되고, 기화기를 통해 스팀을 도입하는 단계는 상기 연료 스프레더를 통해 스팀을 도입하는 단계를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 개질가능 연료 개질 방법.
- 전기 가열기, 개질 반응의 발열 열, 및 수소 리포네이트 소비 디바이스로부터의 열에서 선택되는 열원으로 스팀을 발생시키는 단계;
상기 스팀의 스트림을 액체 개질가능 연료 기화기를 통해 또는 근접하게 도입하여 가열된 기체 스팀 개질 반응 혼합물을 제공하는 단계; 및
상기 가열된 기체 개질 반응 혼합물을 개질하여 수소-풍부 리포메이트를 생산하는 단계를 포함하여 구성되는
액체 개질가능 연료의 스팀 개질 방법. - 제32항에 있어서, 스팀을 기화기의 연료 스프레더를 통해 도입하는 단계를 포함하여 구성되는, 액체 개질가능 연료의 스팀 개질 방법.
- 제19항 내지 제33항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 기체 개질 반응 혼합물을 포함하는 공기의 부분이 상기 기화의 하류에서 도관에 도입되는, 액체 개질가능 연료의 스팀 개질 방법.
- 수소-풍부 리포메이트의 생산을 위한 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템에 있어서,
상기 액체 연료 개질장치 시스템은, 개질장치 유입구를 포함하여 구성되는 액체 연료 개질장치; 기화기 유닛 산소-함유 기체 유입구, 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구, 기화기 및 기화기 유닛 기체 반응 혼합물 유출구를 포함하는 기화기 유닛; 산소-함유 기체 유입구와, 상기 산소-함유 기체 유입구의 하류에 위치하는 기체 반응 혼합물 유출구를 포함하여 구성되는 도관; 전기 가열기를 포함하여 구성되는 제1 열원; 액체 연료 개질장치 및/또는 상기 액체 연료 개질장치 외부의 수소 리포메이트-소비 디바이스로부터의 발열 열을 포함하여 구성되는 제2 열원을 포함하여 구성되고;
상기 도관은 상기 산소-함유 기체 유입구, 상기 기화기 유닛 기체 반응 혼합물 유출구 및 상기 기체 반응 혼합물 유출구 사이에서 유체 연통을 제공하고, 상기 기체 반응 혼합물 유출구는 상기 개질장치 유입구와 유체 연통하며,
상기 제1 열원은 상기 산소-함유 기체 유입구의 하류이고 상기 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구의 상류인 위치에서 상기 도관에 배치되고;
상기 제2 열원은 도관과 열 연통하며, 상기 제1 열원의 하류이고 상기 액체 개질가능 연료 유입구의 상류인 위치에 있는,
액체 연료 개질장치 시스템.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20230065380A (ko) * | 2018-06-29 | 2023-05-11 | 어플라이드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 액체 리튬 공급 및 조절 |
| US11987489B2 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2024-05-21 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Liquid lithium supply and regulation |
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