KR20030071741A - 음식물 쓰레기를 이용한 사료 및 그 제조 방법 - Google Patents
음식물 쓰레기를 이용한 사료 및 그 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20030071741A KR20030071741A KR1020030058165A KR20030058165A KR20030071741A KR 20030071741 A KR20030071741 A KR 20030071741A KR 1020030058165 A KR1020030058165 A KR 1020030058165A KR 20030058165 A KR20030058165 A KR 20030058165A KR 20030071741 A KR20030071741 A KR 20030071741A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/20—Dehydration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| 대공정 | 소공정 | 내용 |
| 전처리 공정 | 투입조 | 음식물 쓰레기 반입 |
| 파쇄선별 | 10mm 이하의 음식물 입자로 파쇄/이물질 제거 및 배출 | |
| 주처리 공정 | 건조 | 고함수량 90% 이상의 음식물 쓰레기를 함수량 30% 이하로 건조 |
| 후처리 공정 | 분쇄/선별 | 건조된 음식물(고체 상태)을 미립자로 분쇄/2차 선별 |
| 분쇄/고속배합 | 2차 분쇄/부형제 첨가후 배합 | |
| 자력선별 | 금속류 선별/제거 | |
| 펠렛화 | 가루사료가 일정한 크기 및 경도를 가지도록 펠렛으로 성형 | |
| 냉각건조 | 펠렛 성형을 유지/강도 유지/재뭉침 방지 | |
| 가루 선별 | 고품질 사료 생산/가루 사료 제거 | |
| 포장 | 지대 포장, 톤백 포장 및 벌크 차량 운송 |
| 온도(℃) | 가열 시간(분) | |||
| 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | |
| 100 | 80.63 | 76.94 | 66.04 | 52.05 |
| 120 | 80.63 | 70.94 | 47.75 | 41.39 |
| 140 | 80.63 | 55.23 | 36.16 | 8.49 |
| * 가열 방법: 오븐 건조기에서 가열 |
| 온도(℃) | 가열 시간(분) | |||
| 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | |
| 100 | 26.43 | 27.23 | 26.98 | 26.03 |
| 120 | 26.43 | 27.45 | 26.21 | 26.78 |
| 140 | 26.43 | 25.57 | 26.61 | 27.15 |
| 온도(℃) | 가열 시간(분) | |||
| 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | |
| 100 | 16.73 | 16.52 | 16.54 | 17.00 |
| 120 | 16.73 | 16.88 | 16.93 | 17.20 |
| 140 | 16.73 | 16.24 | 16.04 | 16.76 |
| 온도(℃) | 가열 시간(분) | |||
| 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | |
| 100 | 9.29 | 9.60 | 8.89 | 8.96 |
| 120 | 9.29 | 9.49 | 9.03 | 9.34 |
| 140 | 9.29 | 9.05 | 9.98 | 9.24 |
| 구분 | 시험회수 | ||
| 1회 | 2회 | 3회 | |
| 총 세균수 | 42x108 | 35x108 | 64x108 |
| 혐기성 세균 | 그람 양성 구균(cocci)그람 음성 간균(rod)그람 양성 간균(rod) | 그람 양성 구균(cocci)그람 음성 간균(rod)그람 양성 간균(rod) | 그람 양성 구균(cocci)그람 음성 간균(rod)그람 양성 간균(rod) |
| 대장균(E. Coli) O157 | ND | ND | ND |
| 살모넬라(Salmonella) | ND | ND | ND |
| 리스테리아(Listeria) | ND | ND | ND |
| 보툴리늄(Botulinum) | ND | ND | ND |
| * ND: 검출되지 않음. |
| 온도(℃) | 가열 시간(분) | |||
| 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | |
| 100 | 사멸 | 사멸 | 사멸 | 사멸 |
| 120 | 사멸 | 사멸 | 사멸 | 사멸 |
| 140 | 사멸 | 사멸 | 사멸 | 사멸 |
| * 시험전 음식물 쓰레기의 멸균 처리: 121℃에서 15분동안 처리(오토클레이브)* 접종균: 대장균(E. coli) O157, 살모넬라 타이피뮤리움(Salmonella typhimurium), 살모넬라 엔테리티디스(Salmonella enteritidis), 리스테리아 모노사이토게네스(Listeria monocytogenes)* 인공접종후 배양 시간: 37℃에서 24시간동안 배양 |
| 구분 | 성분 | |||
| 건물 | 조단백질 | 조지방 | 조섬유 | |
| 성분 함량 | 100 | 24.95 | 14.74 | 5.66 |
| 소화율 | 58.48 | 46.49 | 53.90 | 38.16 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 수준(%) | |||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | |
| 옥수수대두박석회석인산 칼슘메치오닌 50라이신비타민 미네랄식염 | 75.2022.001.050.750.100.050.600.25 | 62.0011.300.650.300.100.050.60- | 40.608.000.450.200.100.050.60- | 22.001.950.200.100.100.050.60- |
| 음식물 쓰레기 | - | 25.00 | 50.00 | 75.00 |
| 대사에너지(ME)(Kcal/kg)CP(%) | 3,11116.2 | 3,15016.2 | 6,11616.3 | 3,12416.2 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | |
| 개시시 체중(19일령) | 980 | 986 | 978 | 978 |
| 종료시 체중(52일령) | 3,149 | 3,425 | 3,358 | 3,025 |
| 총 체중증가량 | 2,169 | 2,439 | 2,380 | 2,048 |
| 일당 체중증가량 | 67.8 | 76.2 | 74.4 | 64.0 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | |
| 총 사료섭취량(g/수) | 7,424 | 7,744 | 8,032 | 7,904 |
| 1일 사료섭취량(g/수) | 232 | 242 | 251 | 247 |
| 사료 요구율 | 3.44 | 3.18 | 3.37 | 3.87 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | |
| 탈모체중 | 2,811 | 3,110 | 2,853 | 2,706 |
| 도체중 | 2,189 | 2,432 | 2,216 | 2,033 |
| 도체율 | 69.7 | 71.0 | 66.0 | 67.2 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | |
| 수분 | 77.42 | 77.00 | 78.14 | 78.34 |
| 조지방 | 1.23 | 1.32 | 1.03 | 0.76 |
| 조단백질 | 19.84 | 20.15 | 19.27 | 19.48 |
| 조회분 | 1.51 | 1.52 | 1.56 | 1.42 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | |
| 시스틴 | 0.228 | 0.222 | 0.222 | 0.224 |
| 메치오닌 | 0.545 | 0.567 | 0.541 | 0.545 |
| 아스파트산 | 1.682 | 1.769 | 1.762 | 1.695 |
| 트레오닌 | 0.832 | 0.877 | 0.882 | 0.848 |
| 세린 | 0.747 | 0.788 | 0.785 | 0.758 |
| 글루탐산 | 2.851 | 3.024 | 2.998 | 2.889 |
| 글라이신 | 0.860 | 0.875 | 0.849 | 0.854 |
| 알라닌 | 1.104 | 1.154 | 1.123 | 1.110 |
| 발린 | 0.855 | 0.898 | 0.855 | 0.867 |
| 이소-류신 | 0.829 | 0.860 | 0.797 | 0.826 |
| 류신 | 1.543 | 1.626 | 1.551 | 1.532 |
| 타이로신 | 0.661 | 0.674 | 0.661 | 0.649 |
| 페닐알라닌 | 0.729 | 0.766 | 0.726 | 0.714 |
| 라이신 | 1.582 | 1.674 | 1.614 | 1.572 |
| 히스티딘 | 0.613 | 0.645 | 0.571 | 0.556 |
| 아르기닌 | 1.195 | 1.201 | 1.190 | 1.160 |
| 프롤린 | 0.698 | 0.714 | 0.690 | 0.692 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | |
| 색도-명도-적색도-황색도 | 45.2314.133.98 | 43.7114.143.12 | 42.3314.223.48 | 42.2712.783.52 |
| 콜레스테롤(mg/100g) | 75.81 | 70.81 | 71.39 | 71.06 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | |
| 0일 | 5.85 | 5.80 | 5.81 | 5.99 |
| 3일 | 5.76 | 5.76 | 5.76 | 5.88 |
| 6일 | 5.72 | 5.78 | 5.78 | 5.74 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | |
| 납(ppm) | 0.69 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.57 |
| 카드뮴(ppm) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 비소(ppm) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
| 수은(ppb) | 1.21 | 5.14 | 8.25 | 11.73 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | |
| 피부, 피하근육 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 |
| 식도, 위 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 |
| 소장, 대장 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 |
| 기관지, 폐 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 |
| 심장, 간장, 신장, 비장 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 |
| 복부, 생식기 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 | 병변없음 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | ||||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | ||
| CIE | L | 42.55 | 42.04 | 44.85 | 43.09 |
| a | 19.61 | 18.82 | 17.82 | 19.16 | |
| b | 6.03 | 6.32 | 6.32 | 6.37 | |
| 헌터(Hunter) | L | 35.86 | 35.41 | 38.31 | 36.36 |
| a | 15.80 | 15.06 | 14.53 | 15.48 | |
| b | 4.23 | 4.40 | 4.53 | 4.49 | |
| * L: 명도, a: 적색도, b: 황색도 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | |
| 전단력 | 1.71 | 1.91 | 1.91 | 1.86 |
| 가열감량 | 34.55 | 36.15 | 37.12 | 37.49 |
| 보수력 | 50.09 | 53.46 | 48.23 | 47.69 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | ||||
| 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | ||
| 조수입(A) | 4,409 | 4,795 | 4,701 | 4,235 | |
| 경영비(B) | 시험축비 | 720 | 720 | 720 | 720 |
| 사료비 | 2,102 | 1,626 | 1,687 | 1,660 | |
| 기타 | 558 | 558 | 558 | 558 | |
| 계 | 3,380 | 2,904 | 2,965 | 2,938 | |
| 자본이자 | 568 | 544 | 547 | 545 | |
| 생산비(C) | 3,948 | 3,448 | 3,512 | 3,483 | |
| 소득(A-B) | 1,029 | 1,891 | 1,736 | 1,297 | |
| 순이익(A-C) | 461 | 1,347 | 1,189 | 752 | |
| * 기타, 자본이익: 특수가축의 사육실태와 경영성과, 2000. 농업경영관실* 오리가격: 농장 생체 판매가격 1,400원/kg(전남대, 2002.1)* 대조군 사료는 시중 판매 사료 가격 283.11원/kg(20021.12)* 시험구 사료 공급가격 210원/kg |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 수준(%) | |||
| 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | |
| 음식물 쓰레기 | 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
| 옥수수소맥대두박채종박라이신우지그로빅 S/W석회석소금인산칼슘당밀 | 43.7634.0015.454.000.010.110.501.200.250.420.30 | 40.6330.0011.814.000.071.850.500.59-0.250.30 | 41.6925.0010.214.000.102.740.500.29-0.160.30 | 47.7614.858.914.000.133.490.50--0.070.30 |
| * CP(%) 15.5%, DE(kcal/kg) 3.350, Ca(%) 0.70, P(%) 0.45, 라이신(%) 0.77, 메치오닌(%) 0.28 |
| 사료★\성분 | 성분함량(%) | |||||||
| 수분 | 조단백질 | 조지방 | 조섬유 | 조회분 | Ca | P | kcal/kg | |
| 0% | 14.26 | 15.05 | 2.64 | 2.41 | 4.07 | 0.71 | 0.48 | 4,000 |
| 10% | 15.19 | 16.39 | 5.00 | 3.52 | 5.11 | 1.74 | 0.63 | 4,106 |
| 15% | 13.56 | 15.68 | 5.81 | 3.30 | 4.88 | 1.04 | 0.54 | 4,148 |
| 20% | 14.33 | 15.50 | 6.88 | 2.30 | 5.44 | 1.25 | 0.54 | 4,203 |
| ★ 배합사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | ||
| 0 | 10 | 20 | |
| 개시시 체중(kg) | 57.00 | 56.80 | 56.30 |
| 종료시 체중(kg) | 111.50 | 109.80 | 107.80 |
| 사육기간(일) | 70 | 70 | 70 |
| 총 체중증가량(kg) | 54.50 | 53.00 | 51.50 |
| 일당 체중증가량(kg) | 0.78±0.16 | 0.76±0.15 | 0.74±0.10 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | ||
| 0 | 10 | 20 | |
| 총 사료섭취량(kg/수) | 163.0 | 179.5 | 183.1 |
| 1일 사료섭취량(kg/수) | 2.32 | 2.56 | 2.61 |
| kg증체당 사료 요구량(kg) | 2.99 | 3.28 | 3.55 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 10 | 20 | ||
| CIE | L | 53.94 | 54.72 | 54.11 |
| a | 7.01 | 9.96 | 8.34 | |
| b | 4.10 | 6.77 | 4.49 | |
| 헌터(Hunter) | L | 46.85 | 47.66 | 47.04 |
| a | 5.84 | 8.44 | 7.00 | |
| b | 3.24 | 5.25 | 3.53 | |
| * L: 명도, a: 적색도, b: 황색도 |
| 구분 | 배합사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | ||
| 0 | 10 | 20 | |
| 전단력 | 2.93 | 2.87 | 2.74 |
| 가열감량 | 36.29 | 37.65 | 36.46 |
| pH(산도) | 5.51 | 5.57 | 5.58 |
| 보수력 | 57.99 | 58.31 | 56.28 |
| 지방 함량 | 2.51 | 2.33 | 2.57 |
| 구분 | 배합 사료중 음식물 쓰레기 혼합 비율(%) | |||
| 0 | 10 | 20 | ||
| 조수입(A) | 185,090 | 182,268 | 178,948 | |
| 경영비(B) | 시험축비 | 47,223 | 47,223 | 47,223 |
| 사료비 | 77,454 | 68,368 | 69,124 | |
| 기타 | 22,501 | 22,501 | 22,501 | |
| 계 | 147,178 | 138,092 | 138,848 | |
| 자본이자 | 13,158 | 12,704 | 12,741 | |
| 생산비(C) | 160,336 | 150,795 | 151,589 | |
| 소득(A-B) | 37,912 | 44,176 | 40,100 | |
| 순이익(A-C) | 24,754 | 31,473 | 27,359 | |
| * 기타, 자본이자: 생산비 조사 보고자료(2001년, 농림부)* 돼지 가격: 생체 1,660원/kg)* 대조구 사료 시중 판매 가격: 287원/kg* 시험구 사료 공급가격: 210원/kg |
| 자견 | 육성견 | 성견 | |||
| 양호 | 중간 | 불량 | |||
| 음식물 쓰레기 | 20.1 | 41.0 | 52.1 | 51.8 | 51.1 |
| 옥수수 | 36.3 | 33.1 | 32.3 | 38.0 | 40.0 |
| 소맥피 | - | - | - | - | 4.9 |
| 대두박 | 22.6 | 10.0 | 7.2 | 0.7 | - |
| 육골분 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | - |
| 옥글루텐밀 | 0.3 | - | - | - | - |
| 혈분 | 0.7 | - | - | - | - |
| 육분 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | - |
| 우지 | 6.9 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 5 | 1.9 |
| 라이신 | - | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.32 | - |
| 메치오닌 | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.06 |
| 그로빅 SW | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 기타-마늘 분말 0.05-항산화제 0.05-향미제 0.50-유카 추출물 0.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 사료 단가(원/kg) | 344 | 281 | 241 | 228 | 216 |
| 예정 판매가(원/kg) | 472 | 405 | 388 | 370 | 314 |
Claims (5)
- 통상의 곡물 배합사료 성분 및 건조한 음식물 쓰레기를 혼합한 후, 펠렛으로 성형하여 제조한 가축용 사료.
- 제1항에 있어서,건조물 기준으로 통상의 오리 사육용 곡물 배합사료 성분 25 내지 75중량% 및 음식물 쓰레기 사료 25 내지 75중량%로 구성된 오리 사육용 사료.
- 제1항에 있어서,건조물 기준으로 통상의 돼지 사육용 곡물 배합사료 성분 75 내지 95중량% 및 음식물 쓰레기 사료 5 내지 25중량%로 구성된 돼지 사육용 사료.
- 제1항에 있어서,건조물 기준으로 통상의 개 사육용 곡물 배합사료 35 내지 85중량% 및 음식물 쓰레기 사료 15 내지 65중량%로 구성된 개 사육용 사료.
- 수거된 음식물 쓰레기를 10mm이하로 파쇄,선별하고, 100℃에서 30분 이상 가열처리하여 함수량 30% 이하로 건조하고, 건조된 음식물을 밀입자로 분쇄하여 곡물배합 사료와 혼합한 후 이를 펠렛으로 성형하고, 냉각 건조함을 특징으로 하는 음식물 쓰레기 펠렛 사료의 제조 방법.
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