KR20030071741A - Feed comprising waste foodstuff and process for the preparation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a livestock feed prepared by pelleting by mixing dry food waste in a conventional grain feed, according to the present invention by using a food waste obtained by hygienic safety by the heat treatment in accordance with the grain feed of the animal The economics of breeding can be significantly improved.

Description

Feed using food waste and its manufacturing method {FEED COMPRISING WASTE FOODSTUFF AND PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF}

The present invention relates to organic livestock feed, and more particularly to feed for ducks, pigs and dogs using food waste.

More than 90% of the blended feedstock used in livestock is now imported. However, as the international price of grain is increasing, the production costs of livestock companies are also increasing, and the international competitiveness of domestic livestock industry is gradually falling behind.

In order to enhance the international competitiveness of domestically produced livestock products, it is important to significantly lower the feed cost, which accounts for most of the livestock production costs, and the development of inexpensive feedstock is urgently needed.

Food waste, on the other hand, contains more than 80% moisture and is composed of organic substances that easily rot.

Water pollutants generated during the separate collection and treatment of food waste have a pollution concentration of about 60,000 to 100,000 ppm on a BOD basis.

Landfilling of food wastes causes odors caused by nitrogen and sulfur compounds, pest breeding such as flies and mosquitoes, and high concentration of leachate, which can lead to high disposal costs. Rather, it is linked to air, water, soil, and groundwater pollution problems, and the environmental impact is emerging as a big problem.

In addition, the incineration process lowers the incineration efficiency due to the low calorie content and high water content of the food itself, thereby increasing the possibility of the release of various harmful substances due to incomplete combustion, and the incineration cost is also economically lost due to the high cost of the country. This can be said to be large.

In order to dispose of the food wastes generated as above, environmental pollution and high costs are increasing, and it is urgent to recycle food wastes more effectively.

Therefore, the present invention develops such food waste as feed resources and provides organic livestock feed that can guarantee high quality meat at a low price, thereby improving the international competitiveness of domestic livestock farmers and increasing the risks day by day. It aims to be able to prevent environmental pollution.

According to the present invention for achieving the above object, there is provided an organic concentrated feed using a food waste produced by pelletizing the food waste dried to a conventional grain feed component.

So far, there is much interest in the use of food waste feed, but it is unstable to use food feed due to the lack of foot-and-mouth disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the hygienic stability of food waste. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the use conditions of hygienic safety feed for the remaining foods and to determine the appropriate salary level of food waste per animal.

Accordingly, the present invention provides an organic concentrated feed using food waste suitable for feeding to livestock animals, in particular ducks, pigs and dogs.

Feed using food waste according to the present invention can be prepared as follows. In brief, the collected food waste is crushed, dried, pulverized and sorted into pellets and cooled and dried, and then mixed with a conventional grain blended feed to pellets. Mold.

To explain this in detail, first, food waste collected from various sources such as catering establishments such as general restaurants, households, farmhouses, and food processing companies is brought into an input tank, and the pre-treatment process of crushing food particles to about 10 mm or less and removing foreign substances. ;

A main treatment step of drying food waste having a high water content of at least 90% to 30% or less of water content;

As a post-treatment process, the dried solid food waste is pulverized into fine particles, secondly sorted, and then secondly crushed, and then mixed with an excipient, which is a conventional formulated grain feed. And a post-treatment step of molding into pellets having hardness, and cooling and drying, sorting and packaging the pellets thus prepared.

Summarizing the feed manufacturing process of the present invention in a table as shown in Table 1:

Grand Fair Small process Contents Pretreatment process Input tank Bringing in food waste Fracture Screening Shredding / debris removal and discharge with food particles less than 10mm Main process dry Dry food waste with a high water content of 90% or less to a water content of 30% or less Post-treatment process Crushing / Selection Grinding dried foods (solid state) into fines Grinding / High Speed Blending Formulated after secondary grinding / excipient addition Magnetic screening Metal sorting / removal Pelletized Molded into pellets so that the powder feed has a certain size and hardness Cooling drying Maintain pellet strength / maintain strength / prevent re-aggregation Flour sorting High quality feed production / powdered feed removal Packing Zone packing, ton bag packing and bulk vehicle transportation

In the method for producing pellets formed by mixing the grain blended feed and food waste of the present invention, the drying step, which is a main treatment process, includes heating the food waste at about 100 ° C. or more for 30 minutes or more. As a result, the hygienic safety of food waste feed can be ensured by the heat treatment as described in the following experimental example.

Hygienic safety, characteristics of nutritional aspects of feed, and qualitative changes in meat of animals evaluated after feeding on livestock, ducks, pigs and dogs for food waste and feed using the same according to the present invention can be prepared in this way Evaluation of status, and economic benefit was performed in the following experimental example.

In summary, the test was carried out as follows.

1) Changes in nutrient content and hygiene safety of food waste according to heating temperature and heating time,

2) evaluation of feed value of food waste feed with safety,

3) feeding effect of food waste mixed pellet feed for ducks,

4) feeding effect of food waste mixed pellet feed for pigs, and

5) Food waste mixing pellet feed feeding effect for dogs.

Experimental Example 1

Hygienic Safety and Changes in Nutrient Content of Food Waste with Heating Temperature and Heating Time

A) How to perform

Test Materials: Food Haulage Collected to Processing Plant

Processing content:

Heating temperature: 100, 120, 140 ℃

Heating time: 0, 30, 60, 90 minutes

Test place

-National Institute of Animal Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as Animal Husbandry): Changes in nutrient content by treatment

-Chonnam National University: Survival of harmful microorganisms by treatment

B) Test score

(1) Changes in nutrient content with heating temperature and time (livestock)

The moisture content change with heating temperature and time is shown in Table 2 below (unit%):

Temperature (℃) Heating time (min) 0 30 60 90 100 80.63 76.94 66.04 52.05 120 80.63 70.94 47.75 41.39 140 80.63 55.23 36.16 8.49 * Heating method: heating in oven dryer

The crude protein content change with heating temperature and heating time is shown in Table 3 (unit:%, dry matter):

Temperature (℃) Heating time (min) 0 30 60 90 100 26.43 27.23 26.98 26.03 120 26.43 27.45 26.21 26.78 140 26.43 25.57 26.61 27.15

As can be seen from the above results, there was no significant difference in crude protein according to heating temperature and heating time.

The crude fat content change with heating time and heating temperature is shown in Table 4 (unit:%, dry matter):

Temperature (℃) Heating time (min) 0 30 60 90 100 16.73 16.52 16.54 17.00 120 16.73 16.88 16.93 17.20 140 16.73 16.24 16.04 16.76

As can be seen from the above results, there was no significant difference in crude fat according to the heating temperature and heating time.

The crude fiber content change with heating time and heating temperature is shown in Table 5 (unit:%, dry matter):

Temperature (℃) Heating time (min) 0 30 60 90 100 9.29 9.60 8.89 8.96 120 9.29 9.49 9.03 9.34 140 9.29 9.05 9.98 9.24

As can be seen from the above results, there was no significant difference of the crude fiber according to the heating temperature and heating time.

(2) Sanitary safety of food waste (Chonnam National University Veterinary University)

The microbial contamination test results in the food waste are shown in Table 6 below:

division Examination 1 time Episode 2 3rd time Total bacteria 42 x ^{10 8} 35 x ^{10 8} 64 x ^{10 8} Anaerobic bacteria Gram-positive cocci Gram-negative rod Gram-positive rod Gram-positive cocci Gram-negative rod Gram-positive rod Gram-positive cocci Gram-negative rod Gram-positive rod E. Coli O157 ND ND ND Salmonella ND ND ND Listeria ND ND ND Botulinum ND ND ND * ND: not detected.

As can be seen from the above results, the number of microorganisms in the food waste is 35 to 6.4 billion, pathogenic microorganisms were not found.

After inoculation of the bacteria into the sterile food waste, the microbial change with heating temperature and heating time is shown in Table 7 below:

Temperature (℃) Heating time (min) 0 30 60 90 100 Death Death Death Death 120 Death Death Death Death 140 Death Death Death Death * Sterilization of food waste prior to testing: treatment for 15 minutes at 121 ° C. (autoclave) * Inoculation bacteria: E. coli O157, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes * Incubation time after inoculation: incubation at 37 ° C for 24 hours

Experimental Example 2

Feed value evaluation of food waste foods with safety

A) How to perform

-Animals to be tested: breeding pigs

-Test method: Breeding in cage

-Test feed: Pellet feed (food prepared under hygienic safety conditions, heated at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes or more) using food waste for farmhouses.

-Trial period: 15 days

-Test place: Livestock Research Institute

B) Test score

Nutrient digestibility of food waste pellets is shown in Table 8 (unit:%):

division ingredient building Crude protein Crude fat Crude fiber Component content 100 24.95 14.74 5.66 digestibility 58.48 46.49 53.90 38.16

Experimental Example 3

Feeding Effect of Food Waste Pellet Feed on Ducks

A) How to perform

-Test Animal: Peking Duck

-Test place: Chonnam National University Farm

-Test Ducks: 120 980g

Test feed: food waste processed pellet feed (prepared under hygienic safety conditions heated at 100 ° C for at least 30 minutes)

-Food waste mix levels in blended feed: 0, 25, 50, 75%

Feed composition (2-8 weeks of age) (unit:%) (see Table 9 below)

division Level of Food Waste Mix in Blended Feed (%) 0 25 50 75 Corn soybean lime lime phosphate calcium methionine 50 lysine vitamin mineral salt 75.2022.001.050.750.100.050.600.25 62.0011.300.650.300.100.050.60- 40.608.000.450.200.100.050.60- 22.001.950.200.100.100.050.60- Food waste - 25.00 50.00 75.00 Metabolic Energy (ME) (Kcal / kg) CP (%) 3,11116.2 3,15016.2 6,11616.3 3,12416.2

B) Test score

Body weight change was shown in Table 10 (unit: g):

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 Starting weight (19 days old) 980 986 978 978 Body weight at end (52 days of age) 3,149 3,425 3,358 3,025 Total weight gain 2,169 2,439 2,380 2,048 Weight gain per day 67.8 76.2 74.4 64.0

The weight gain per day was not different even when the food waste was mixed up to 75% of the compounded feed compared to the case where the compounded feed was not mixed (0%).

Feed availability is shown in Table 11 (unit: g / number):

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 Total feed intake (g / number) 7,424 7,744 8,032 7,904 Daily feed intake (g / water) 232 242 251 247 Feed requirement 3.44 3.18 3.37 3.87

There was no difference in feed demand between the food wastes and mixed food wastes up to 75% compared to the non-food wastes (0%).

Conductor grades are shown in Table 12 (unit: g,%):

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 Alopecia Weight 2,811 3,110 2,853 2,706 Conductor weight 2,189 2,432 2,216 2,033 Conductor rate 69.7 71.0 66.0 67.2

The carcass ratio was no difference compared to the case of not using food waste (0%) even when mixed with food waste up to 75%.

Analyzing the general composition of breast meat is shown in Table 13 (unit:%):

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 moisture 77.42 77.00 78.14 78.34 Crude fat 1.23 1.32 1.03 0.76 Crude protein 19.84 20.15 19.27 19.48 View minutes 1.51 1.52 1.56 1.42

As can be seen in the table, the moisture, crude fat, crude protein content of the breast meat was no difference compared to the case of not using the food waste (0%) even if the mixed food waste up to 50% level of the blended feed.

The amino acid content of the duck ring is analyzed and shown in Table 14 below:

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 Cystine 0.228 0.222 0.222 0.224 Methionine 0.545 0.567 0.541 0.545 Aspartic acid 1.682 1.769 1.762 1.695 Threonine 0.832 0.877 0.882 0.848 Serine 0.747 0.788 0.785 0.758 Glutamic acid 2.851 3.024 2.998 2.889 Glycine 0.860 0.875 0.849 0.854 Alanine 1.104 1.154 1.123 1.110 Valine 0.855 0.898 0.855 0.867 Iso-leucine 0.829 0.860 0.797 0.826 Leucine 1.543 1.626 1.551 1.532 Tyrosine 0.661 0.674 0.661 0.649 Phenylalanine 0.729 0.766 0.726 0.714 Lysine 1.582 1.674 1.614 1.572 Histidine 0.613 0.645 0.571 0.556 Arginine 1.195 1.201 1.190 1.160 Proline 0.698 0.714 0.690 0.692

As described above, the amino acid composition of the duck meat was almost no difference when feeding the food waste according to the present invention.

The color and cholesterol content of breast meat were evaluated and shown in Table 15 below:

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 Chromaticity-Brightness-Redness-Yellowness 45.2314.133.98 43.7114.143.12 42.3314.223.48 42.2712.783.52 Cholesterol (mg / 100g) 75.81 70.81 71.39 71.06

As shown in the table, the chromaticity showed a tendency similar to 0% to 75% mixing level of food waste in the compound feed.

Cholesterol content was significantly lowered by mixing food waste into the blended feed.

The change in pH (acidity) of duck meat with storage period is measured and is shown in Table 16 below.

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 0 days 5.85 5.80 5.81 5.99 3 days 5.76 5.76 5.76 5.88 6 days 5.72 5.78 5.78 5.74

The pH of duck meat was all slightly acidic.

The heavy metal content in duck meat is evaluated and shown in Table 17 below:

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 Lead (ppm) 0.69 0.59 0.64 0.57 Cadmium (ppm) 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 Arsenic (ppm) 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 Mercury (ppb) 1.21 5.14 8.25 11.73

As shown in the table, there was no significant change in the heavy metal content of the meat, there was no problem according to the animal feed standards.

Site-specific lesions of duck carcasses were examined and shown in Table 18 below:

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 Skin, subcutaneous muscle No lesion No lesion No lesion No lesion Esophagus, stomach No lesion No lesion No lesion No lesion Small intestine No lesion No lesion No lesion No lesion Bronchus, lungs No lesion No lesion No lesion No lesion Heart, liver, kidney, spleen No lesion No lesion No lesion No lesion Abdomen, genitals No lesion No lesion No lesion No lesion

As shown in the table above, lesions of the skin and organs after slaughter did not find abnormal lesions in all the test zones.

The color of the duck meat (chest) was evaluated and shown in Table 19 below:

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 CIE L 42.55 42.04 44.85 43.09 a 19.61 18.82 17.82 19.16 b 6.03 6.32 6.32 6.37 Hunter L 35.86 35.41 38.31 36.36 a 15.80 15.06 14.53 15.48 b 4.23 4.40 4.53 4.49 * L: Brightness, a: Redness, b: Yellowness

As can be seen from the table, both methods showed a tendency to increase the brightness and yellowness slightly but to decrease the redness by feeding food waste mixed.

The physical properties of duck meat are evaluated and shown in Table 20 below:

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 Shear force 1.71 1.91 1.91 1.86 Heating loss 34.55 36.15 37.12 37.49 Conservative 50.09 53.46 48.23 47.69

As can be seen from the table, by feeding the food waste by mixing the meat shear force and heating loss tended to be somewhat higher, but the water holding power tended to be lowered.

Analyzing the economics of the mixed food waste mixing pellet according to the present invention to ducks are shown in Table 21 (unit: won / number):

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 25 50 75 Extra income (A) 4,409 4,795 4,701 4,235 Operating expenses (B) Examination Fee 720 720 720 720 Feed cost 2,102 1,626 1,687 1,660 Etc 558 558 558 558 system 3,380 2,904 2,965 2,938 Interest 568 544 547 545 Production cost (C) 3,948 3,448 3,512 3,483 Income (A-B) 1,029 1,891 1,736 1,297 Net Income (A-C) 461 1,347 1,189 752 * Others, Capital Income: Breeding Status and Management Performance of Special Livestock, 2000. Agricultural Management Office * Duck Price: Farm Bio Sale Price 1,400 won / kg (Chonnam National University, 2002.1) 20021.12) * Feeding price of 210 won / kg

As can be seen from the table, the food waste mixed feed price is low and the weight gain is high, the income and net profit was found to be significantly higher in the food waste mixed feed.

Experimental Example 4

Feeding Effect of Food Waste Mixed Pellet Feed on Pigs

A) How to perform

-Test Site: Pig Farm

-Pigs to be tested: Land race species, weight of 60kg and 72 heads

-Test feed: food waste processing pellet feed (heat treatment at 100 ℃ or higher for 2 hours)

-Food waste mix levels in blended feeds: 0, 10, 15, 20%

-Shipment: around 110kg

Feed composition (see Table 22 below)

division Level of Food Waste Mix in Blended Feed (%) 0 10 15 20 Food waste 0 10 15 20 Corn Soybean Soybean Vegetable Soybean Paste Lysine Uji Grovic S / W Limestone Salt 43.7634.0015.454.000.010.110.501.200.250.420.30 40.6330.0011.814.000.071.850.500.59-0.250.30 41.6925.0010.214.000.102.740.500.29-0.160.30 47.7614.858.914.000.133.490.50--0.070.30 * CP (%) 15.5%, DE (kcal / kg) 3.350, Ca (%) 0.70, P (%) 0.45, Lysine (%) 0.77, Methionine (%) 0.28

B) Test score

The nutritional content of the test feed used is analyzed and shown in Table 23 below:

^★ ingredients of feed Ingredient Content (%) moisture Crude protein Crude fat Crude fiber View minutes Ca P kcal / kg 0% 14.26 15.05 2.64 2.41 4.07 0.71 0.48 4,000 10% 15.19 16.39 5.00 3.52 5.11 1.74 0.63 4,106 15% 13.56 15.68 5.81 3.30 4.88 1.04 0.54 4,148 20% 14.33 15.50 6.88 2.30 5.44 1.25 0.54 4,203 ★ Mixing ratio of food waste in compound feed

The weight change of the pigs is measured and shown in Table 24 below:

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 10 20 Weight at start (kg) 57.00 56.80 56.30 Weight at End (kg) 111.50 109.80 107.80 Breeding period (days) 70 70 70 Total weight gain (kg) 54.50 53.00 51.50 Weight gain per day (kg) 0.78 ± 0.16 0.76 ± 0.15 0.74 ± 0.10

The body weight of pigs tended to be lowered by feeding food waste mixed with compounded feed.

Feed availability is shown in Table 25 below:

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 10 20 Total feed intake (kg / number) 163.0 179.5 183.1 Daily feed intake (kg / number) 2.32 2.56 2.61 Feed requirement per kg increase (kg) 2.99 3.28 3.55

Feed intake tended to increase by feeding the food waste in the blended feed.

The color of the pork is evaluated and shown in Table 26 below:

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 10 20 CIE L 53.94 54.72 54.11 a 7.01 9.96 8.34 b 4.10 6.77 4.49 Hunter L 46.85 47.66 47.04 a 5.84 8.44 7.00 b 3.24 5.25 3.53 * L: Brightness, a: Redness, b: Yellowness

As can be seen from the table, the lightness, redness and yellowness all tended to be somewhat higher by feeding food waste.

The physical properties of the pork are evaluated and shown in Table 27 below:

division Food waste mixing ratio in compound feed (%) 0 10 20 Shear force 2.93 2.87 2.74 Heating loss 36.29 37.65 36.46 pH (acidity) 5.51 5.57 5.58 Conservative 57.99 58.31 56.28 Fat content 2.51 2.33 2.57

When feeding the food waste mixed feed according to the present invention, there was little difference in the physical properties of the meat.

Analyzing the economics of administering the pellet feed mixed with food waste feed according to the present invention in pigs is shown in Table 28 (unit: two / two):

division Food waste mixing ratio in blended feed (%) 0 10 20 Extra income (A) 185,090 182,268 178,948 Operating expenses (B) Examination Fee 47,223 47,223 47,223 Feed cost 77,454 68,368 69,124 Etc 22,501 22,501 22,501 system 147,178 138,092 138,848 Interest 13,158 12,704 12,741 Production cost (C) 160,336 150,795 151,589 Income (A-B) 37,912 44,176 40,100 Net Income (A-C) 24,754 31,473 27,359 * Others, Capital Interest: Report on Production Cost Survey (2001, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry) * Price of pig: 1,660 won / kg living body * Commercial price for control feed: 287 won / kg * Feed for test feed: 210 won / kg

The food waste mixed feed was cheaper than the control and the weight gain was similar, indicating higher income and net profit.

Experimental Example 5

Dog food

Dog food using food waste mixed pellet feed according to the present invention can be prepared with the composition shown in Table 29 below:

Self Rearing dog Dog Good middle Bad Food waste 20.1 41.0 52.1 51.8 51.1 corn 36.3 33.1 32.3 38.0 40.0 Wheat Mace - - - - 4.9 Soybean meal 22.6 10.0 7.2 0.7 - Meat bone meal 6 5 One One - Jade gluten wheat 0.3 - - - - Blood powder 0.7 - - - - Six minutes 5 4 One One - Uji 6.9 4.8 4.1 5 1.9 Lysine - 0.02 0.15 0.32 - Methionine 0.30 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.06 Grovic SW One One One One One Other-Garlic Powder 0.05-Antioxidant 0.05-Flavor 0.50-Yucca Extract 0.4 One One One One One Feed unit price (KRW / kg) 344 281 241 228 216 Estimated selling price (KRW / kg) 472 405 388 370 314

Summary of results

end. As heating, the content of nutrients in the food waste was almost unchanged.

I. In order to ensure the hygienic safety of food waste, heat treatment at 100 ° C. for at least 30 minutes (however, pig feed is heated at 80 ° C. for at least 30 minutes).

All. Digestibility of nutrients in food waste tended to be somewhat lower.

la. Appropriate level of mixed use of food waste in duck feed was estimated to be 25 to 75% considering the weight gain and feed availability.

hemp. The optimal level of mixed use of food waste in the pig mix was estimated to be about 5 to 25% considering the weight gain and feed availability.

bar. The proper level of mixed use of food waste in dog foods was estimated to be about 15 to 60% depending on the stage of growth such as the dog, the dog, and the dog.

According to the present invention, by appropriately mixing and feeding food waste into the compound feed, the economic benefit of livestock raising is remarkably improved. In addition, the hygienic safety of the food waste is ensured by heating the food waste according to the present invention.

Claims (5)

Livestock feed prepared by molding a pellet and then mixing with the general grain compound feed ingredients and dry food waste. The method of claim 1, A duck breeding feed consisting of 25 to 75% by weight of conventional feed ingredients for duck breeding on a dry basis and 25 to 75% by weight of food waste feed. The method of claim 1, Pig breeding feed consisting of 75 to 95% by weight of a conventional pig breeding grain compounded feed ingredients and 5 to 25% by weight food waste feed on a dry basis. The method of claim 1, A dog breeding feed consisting of 35 to 85% by weight of conventional dog breeding grain compound feed and 15 to 65% by weight food waste feed on a dry basis. The collected food waste is shredded and sorted to less than 10mm, heated at 100 ℃ for 30 minutes or more, dried to 30% or less of water content, pulverized dried foods into wheat grains, mixed with grain blended feed, and then molded into pellets. And cooling and drying the food waste pellet feed.