JP7749695B2 - 周方向アブレーションデバイス及び方法 - Google Patents
周方向アブレーションデバイス及び方法Info
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Description
本特許出願は、2021年4月26日に出願された「CIRCUMFERENTIAL ABLATION CATHETER DEVICES AND METHODS」と題する米国特許仮出願第63/180,022号、及び2021年10月6日に出願された「CIRCUMFERENTIAL ABLATION CATHETER DEVICES AND METHODS」と題する米国特許仮出願第63/253,119号の優先権を主張するものであり、これらの各々は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書に記載されている全ての公開物及び特許出願は、個々の公開物又は特許出願ごとに参照により組み込まれることが具体的かつ個別に示されている場合と同程度に、それらの全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書に記載される装置は、上述のように、ポイントバイポイント治療に使用することができる。例えば、これらの装置のうちのいずれも、例えば、図3A又は図3B(中心電極を示す)を参照して、より小さい電極、又は図3B及び図7を参照して説明されるようなアプリケータ領域のサブセクションを含んでもよい。図22A~図22Cに示す装置などの一部の例では、異なる極性の単一対のリブが、組織のより小さい領域に治療を適用するために使用され得る。したがって、周方向電極のより大きいセットのサブセクション又はサブ領域が使用され得る。例えば、本明細書に記載される装置は、種々の問題、例えば、心房細動、心室性頻拍、心室壁の肥厚などに対処するための心臓アブレーション、並びに他の器官、例えば、食道(例えば、バレット食道)、気管支(例えば、慢性気管支炎、喘息など)などにおけるアブレーションを行うために使用されてもよい。同じ装置が、例えば、アプリケータ領域全体を使用して、治療のより大きい領域を適用するように構成されてもよく、アプリケータ領域のサブセクションを使用して、ポイントバイポイント治療に適切な小さい治療領域を適用してもよい。
本明細書に記載の装置のいずれもまた、組織内での装置の位置決めを補助するために、センタリングガイド(センタリング特徴)も含み得る。したがって、これらの装置のうちのいずれも、(例えば、シングルショット構成の)電極が組織に対して配向されるように、装置の位置決めを補助するためのセンタリングガイドを含み得る。一部の例では、装置は、肺静脈隔離(PVI:Pulmonary Vein Isolation)を達成しながら、適切な位置決め及びより効率的なアブレーションを可能にする、心臓の肺静脈などの様々な脈管の洞/小孔領域に対して装置の電極を位置決めするためのセンタリングガイドを含み得る。
概して、本明細書に記載の方法及び装置は、パルス電気エネルギー(例えば、マイクロ秒、サブマイクロ秒、ナノ秒などのパルス電気エネルギー)を使用して、心房細動、心室性頻拍、及び他の心臓関連アブレーションを治療することができる。本明細書に記載されるアプリケータは、低侵襲性処置の間、又は心臓手術中などの手術中に、パルス電気エネルギーを所望の治療面積に送達するために使用することができる。
上述したように、これらの装置及び方法のいずれも、心臓マッピングシステムとともに使用することができる。例えば、これらの装置及び方法のうちのいずれかは、限定ではないが、肺静脈(又は肺静脈と関連付けられる洞)などを含む、心臓領域の治療のためのアブレーション方法の一部であってもよく、また、アプリケータのエネルギー印加(例えば、サブマイクロ秒パルスエネルギー印加)電極の位置を、関連組織の3D電気解剖学的マッピング/マップなどのマッピングと調整することを含んでもよい。
本明細書に記載される方法及び装置のうちのいずれも、細い(小外形)ワイヤを使用して形成される電極を使用する双極サブマイクロ秒(例えば、ナノ秒)パルス印加のためのものであり得る。これらの小外形ワイヤは、0.015インチ(例えば、0.38mm)又はそれ未満(例えば、0.35mm、0.30mm、0.25mm、0.20mm、0.15mm、0.13mm、0.12mm、0.10mmなど、又はそれ未満)の最大直径を有し得る。ワイヤは、任意の導電性材料で形成することができる。より小さい外形のワイヤは、本明細書に記載される電磁場を放出するために特に適切である。典型的には、かかる小外形ワイヤは、外形が薄いほどアブレーション領域が制限され、破損しやすい可能性があるため、熱エネルギーを発生させるシステムでの使用は回避されている。
本明細書に記載される装置は、低侵襲処置中に使用されるカテーテルの一部、又は手術中に利用されるデバイスの一部を含むか、又はその一部として含まれることができる。前述のように、図22A~図22C、図23A~図23F、図25、及び図26に示すものを含む(が、それらに限定されない)、本明細書に記載される装置を使用して、パルスサブマイクロ秒(例えば、ナノ秒)エネルギーを印加することによって、身体管腔を治療することができる。例えば、これらの装置を使用して、動脈狭窄又は再狭窄を治療することができる。一部の例では、これらの装置を使用して、バレット食道を治療することができる。
Claims (26)
- パルス電界を送達するための装置であって、
細長い本体と、
第1の小外形ワイヤから形成された第1のワイヤ電極であって、当該第1のワイヤ電極が、前記細長い本体から延在するように構成された第1のループを備え、前記第1のワイヤ電極が、前記第1のループの長さの少なくとも一部分に沿って延在する非絶縁の第1の電気的活性領域およびこれに隣接する第1の絶縁領域を有する、第1のワイヤ電極と、
第2の小外形ワイヤから形成された第2のワイヤ電極であって、当該第2のワイヤ電極が、前記細長い本体から延在するように構成された第2のループを備え、前記第2のワイヤ電極が、前記第2のループの長さの少なくとも一部分に沿って延在する非絶縁の第2の電気的活性領域およびこれに隣接する第2の絶縁領域を有する、第2のワイヤ電極と、を備え、
前記第1のワイヤ電極が、前記第2のワイヤ電極から、前記細長い本体の軸方向にオフセットされているか、前記細長い本体の軸方向に垂直な方向にオフセットされているか、又は前記細長い本体の軸方向および前記細長い本体の軸方向に垂直な方向の両方にオフセットされていて、
前記非絶縁の第1の電気的活性領域が、前記非絶縁の第2の電気的活性領域から最小の距離dだけ分離され、当該最小の距離dが前記非絶縁第1の電気的活性領域の全体の長さにわたってほぼ一定に維持されることにより、アブレーションされる組織に均一なエネルギー密度を付与するように構成され、前記非絶縁の第1の電気的活性領域が第1の極性を有するとともに、前記非絶縁の第2の電気的活性領域が第2の極性を有するように構成されていることを特徴とする装置。 - 前記第1のループおよび前記第2のループの両方が、前記細長い本体の遠位端領域の周囲にペタルとして配置されている複数のループを有する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記第2のワイヤ電極が、前記第1のワイヤ電極に対して同心円状に配置されている、請求項1又は2に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のワイヤ電極及び前記第2のワイヤ電極が、解剖学的構造の壁に可撓的に適合するように構成されている、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のループの前記非絶縁の第1の電気的活性領域が、部分的な円、ほぼ部分的な円、又は完全な円で解剖学的構造の壁を囲むように構成されている、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のワイヤ電極及び前記第2のワイヤ電極は、中で前記細長い本体が軸方向に移動可能である外側送達カテーテル内に引き込まれると、折り畳まれるように構成されている、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のワイヤ電極及び前記第2のワイヤ電極が、異なるサイズの円周を有する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1及び第2のワイヤ電極に対して同心円状に配置されており、前記第1及び第2の電極とは異なる円周を有する1つ以上の追加の電極を更に備える、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1、第2、及び前記1つ以上の追加の電極が異なるサイズの組織領域を治療するように構成されている、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のワイヤ電極及び前記第2のワイヤ電極のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記細長い本体の長手方向軸に対して角度がついて交差している平面上に配置されている、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1の絶縁領域および/または前記細長い本体が屈曲部を有しており、前記第1のワイヤ電極及び前記第2のワイヤ電極が、前記細長い本体の長手方向軸に対して角度がついて延在している、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 非熱的なパルスを送達するように構成されている、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のワイヤ電極及び前記第2のワイヤ電極が、拡張可能フレーム又は拡張可能バルーン上に配置されている、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のワイヤ電極及び前記第2のワイヤ電極が、各々、0.38mm以下の直径または厚みを有するワイヤから形成されている、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記最小距離dが、0.5mmから40mmの間である、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のワイヤ電極が、前記第2のワイヤ電極に対して軸方向において近位又は遠位に摺動するように構成されている、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記細長い本体のシャフト上に及び/又は前記装置の遠位端に、複数のマッピング及び/又は感知電極を更に備える、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のループ及び/又は前記第2のループが、少なくとも3つのループを含む、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のワイヤ電極及び前記第2のワイヤ電極が、同一平面上にある、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記非絶縁の第1の電気的活性領域および前記非絶縁の第2の電気的活性領域の少なくとも一方が、約1mmから3cmの間の長さである、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 中心電極を更に備える、請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記装置の遠位端から遠位に延在するセンタリングガイドを更に備える、請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記センタリングガイドが、追加の治療電極として機能するか、又は追加の治療電極を含む、請求項22に記載の装置。
- 前記装置が、心房細動、心室性頻拍、及び他の心臓関連状態の治療、または静脈洞、肺静脈小孔、及び/又は他の心臓組織への電気エネルギーの付与に使用するために構成されている、請求項1~23のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のワイヤ電極および前記第2のワイヤ電極がオールまたはパドルのような形状を形成している、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記装置がパルス発生器に接続され、当該パルス発生器が、0.1kVより大きい振幅およびマイクロ秒またはサブマイクロ秒の範囲の持続時間を有する電気パルスを提供するように構成されている、請求項1~25のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
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| PCT/US2022/020887 WO2022231726A1 (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2022-03-18 | Circumferential ablation devices and methods |
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| KR20230161488A (ko) | 2023-11-27 |
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| CA3215962A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
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