JP7325341B2 - 非天然ヌクレオチドの組み込み及びその方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、2017年7月11日出願の米国仮特許出願62/531,325号の利益を主張するものであり、当該文献は参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。
別段の定めのない限り、本明細書で使用される技術用語と科学用語は全て、主張される主題が属する当該技術分野の当業者により一般に理解されるのと同じ意味を持っている。前述の一般的な説明及び以下の詳細な説明は、典型的且つ例示的なものにすぎず、請求された主題の内容を限定するものではないことを理解されたい。本出願において、単数形の使用は、特に別記しない限り複数を含む。明細書と添付の特許請求の範囲で使用されるように、単数形「a」、「an」、及び「the」は、他にその内容が明確に指示しない限り、複数の指示対象を含むということに留意しなければならない。本出願において、「又は」の使用は、特に明記しない限り、「及び/又は」を意味する。更に、用語「含むこと(including)」の使用は、「含む(include)」、「含む(includes)」、及び「含まれる(included)」といった他の形態と同じく、制限はない。
生命の情報は、4文字の遺伝子アルファベットによってコードされ、これは2つの塩基対の選択的な形成によって可能とされる:(d)G-(d)C及び(d)A-dT/U。2つの合成ヌクレオチド間に形成される第3の非天然塩基対(UBP)はこのシステムを拡張し、それにより情報記憶の可能性を増大させ、潜在的な学術的意味及び実用的意味を持つ。報告されている種々様々な合成ヌクレオチドアナログの中で幾つかは、他の天然DNA二重螺旋内で互いに安定して対になるが、ポリメラーゼによって認識されず、このことは、二重螺旋DNAにおいて安定した対を管理する力が、ポリメラーゼで媒介された複製を管理する力と同じではないことを示している。その結果、様々な手法が、複製可能なUBP、例えば、天然ヌクレオチドにより利用されない相補的な水素結合(H結合)パターンを介して相互作用するように設計されるUBP、を発達させるために取られている。天然塩基対はH結合を介して形成されるが、H結合が遺伝子情報の記憶(又は回収)の基礎となるのに十分な唯一の力であると演繹的に仮定する理由は存在しない。例えば、大腸菌DNAポリメラーゼI(Kf)のクレノウ断片が、非天然ヌクレオチドdFによりdAと対になり、そのジフルオロトルエン核酸塩基は、有意なH結合が可能でないチミンの模倣形状であることが、実証されている。このことは、DNA複製の「幾何学的な選択」機構を支持し、且つ、H結合以外の力も複製に起因することを示唆している。
核酸(例えば、本明細書では、標的核酸、標的ヌクレオチド配列、所望の核酸配列、あるいは所望の核酸領域とも呼ばれる)は、例えば、DNA、cDNA、gDNA(ゲノムDNA)、RNA、siRNA(短い阻害RNA)、RNAi、tRNA、あるいはmRNAなどの任意のソースあるいは組成物であり得、及び、任意の形態(例えば、線形、円形、スーパーコイル、一本鎖、二本鎖など)であり得る。核酸はヌクレオチド、ヌクレオシド、又はポリヌクレオチドを含み得る。核酸は天然及び非天然の核酸を含み得る。核酸はさらに、DNA又はRNAのアナログ(例えば、塩基アナログ、糖アナログ、及び/又は、非天然骨格など)などの非天然核酸を含み得る。「核酸」との用語は、ポリヌクレオチド鎖の特定の長さを指すか意味するものと理解され、したがって、ポリヌクレオチドとオリゴヌクレオチドもその定義に含まれる。典型的な天然ヌクレオチドとしては、限定されないが、ATP、UTP、CTP、GTP、ADP、UDP、CDP、GDP、AMP、UMP、CMP、GMP、dATP、dTTP、dCTP、dGTP、dADP、dTDP、dCDP、dGDP、dAMP、dTMP、dCMP、及びdGMPが挙げられる。典型的な天然デオキシリボヌクレオチドとしては、dATP、dTTP、dCTP、dGTP、dADP、dTDP、dCDP、dGDP、dAMP、dTMP、dCMP、及びdGMPが挙げられる。典型的な天然リボヌクレオチドとしては、ATP、UTP、CTP、GTP、ADP、UDP、CDP、GDP、AMP、UMP、CMP、及びGMPが挙げられる。RNAに関しては、ウラシル塩基がウリジンである。核酸はしばしば、ベクター、プラスミド、ファージ、自己複製配列(ARS)、セントロメア、人工染色体、酵母人工染色体(例えば、YAC)、又は複製するあるいは複製されることが可能な他の核酸である。非天然核酸は核酸アナログであり得る。
ヌクレオチドアナログ(すなわち、非天然ヌクレオチド)は、塩基、糖、又はリン酸塩部分のいずれかになんらかの修飾を含有するヌクレオチドを含む。修飾は化学的修飾を含み得る。修飾は、例えば、3’OΗ又は5’OΗの基、骨格、糖成分、又はヌクレオチド塩基の修飾であり得る。修飾は、非天然型リンカー分子及び/又は鎖間あるいは鎖内の架橋の追加を含み得る。一態様において、修飾された核酸は、3’OΗ又は5’OΗの基、骨格、糖成分、あるいはヌクレオチド塩基の1つ以上の修飾、及び/又は非天然型リンカー分子の追加を含む。一態様において、修飾された骨格は、ホスホジエステル骨格以外の骨格を含む。一態様において、修飾された糖は、(修飾されたDNA中の)デオキシリボース以外の、又はリボース(修飾されたRNA)以外の糖を含む。一態様において、修飾された塩基は、(修飾されたDNA中の)アデニン、グアニン、シトシン、又はチミンとは別の塩基、あるいは、(修飾されたRNA中の)アデニン、グアニン、シトシン、又はウラシルとは別の塩基を含む。
ポリメラーゼのとりわけ有益な機能は、既存の核酸を鋳型として使用して、核酸鎖の重合を触媒することである。有益な他の機能は本明細書の他の場所に記載される。有益なポリメラーゼの実施例はDNAポリメラー及びRNAポリメラーゼを含む。
Claims (56)
- 非天然アミノ酸を含有するタンパク質を産生する方法であって、該方法は、
突然変異体tRNAを調製する工程であって、該突然変異体tRNAは、
GGY、GYG、YGG、GAY、GYA、YGA、GCY、GYC、YGC、GUY、GYU、YGU、CAY、CYA、YCA、CGY、CYG、YCG、CUY、CYU、YCU、CCY、CYC、YCC、AAY、AYA、YAA、AGY、AYG、YAG、ACY、AYC、YAC、AUY、AYU、YAU、UUY、UYU、YUU、UAY、UYA、YUA、UGY、UYG、YUG、UCY、UYC、YUC、GYY、YGY、YYG、CYY、YCY、YYC、AYY、YAY、YYA、UYY、YUY、YYU、YYY、GGX、GXG、XGG、GAX、GXA、XGA、GCX、GXC、XGC、GUX、GXU、XGU、CAX、CXA、XCA、CGX、CXG、XCG、CUX、CXU、XCU、CCX、CXC、XCC、AAX、AXA、XAA、AGX、AXG、XAG、ACX、AXC、XAC、AUX、AXU、XAU、UUX、UXU、XUU、UAX、UXA、XUA、UGX、UXG、XUG、UCX、UXC、XUC、GXX、XGX、XXG、CXX、XCX、XXC、AXX、XAX、XXA、UXX、XUX、XXU、又はXXXから選択される突然変異体アンチコドン配列を含み、ここで、X及びYはそれぞれ、
から選択される非天然核酸塩基を含む非天然ヌクレオチドである、工程、
突然変異体mRNAを調製する工程であって、該突然変異体mRNAは、
GGY、GYG、YGG、GAY、GYA、YGA、GCY、GYC、YGC、GUY、GYU、YGU、CAY、CYA、YCA、CGY、CYG、YCG、CUY、CYU、YCU、CCY、CYC、YCC、AAY、AYA、YAA、AGY、AYG、YAG、ACY、AYC、YAC、AUY、AYU、YAU、UUY、UYU、YUU、UAY、UYA、YUA、UGY、UYG、YUG、UCY、UYC、YUC、GYY、YGY、YYG、CYY、YCY、YYC、AYY、YAY、YYA、UYY、YUY、YYU、YYY、GGX、GXG、XGG、GAX、GXA、XGA、GCX、GXC、XGC、GUX、GXU、XGU、CAX、CXA、XCA、CGX、CXG、XCG、CUX、CXU、XCU、CCX、CXC、XCC、AAX、AXA、XAA、AGX、AXG、XAG、ACX、AXC、XAC、AUX、AXU、XAU、UUX、UXU、XUU、UAX、UXA、XUA、UGX、UXG、XUG、UCX、UXC、XUC、GXX、XGX、XXG、CXX、XCX、XXC、AXX、XAX、XXA、UXX、XUX、XXU、又はXXXから選択される突然変異体コドン配列を含み、ここで、X及びYはそれぞれ、
から選択される非天然核酸塩基を含む非天然ヌクレオチドである、工程、及び
非天然アミノ酸を含有するタンパク質を、突然変異体tRNA及び突然変異体mRNAを利用して合成する工程であって、ここで、突然変異体tRNAの突然変異体アンチコドンは、突然変異体mRNAの突然変異体コドンと対になる、工程、を含み、
ここで、前記タンパク質は、細胞において合成され、細胞は、フェオダクチルム・トリコルヌーツムからのヌクレオシド三リン酸輸送体及びアミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼを含む、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記細胞は微生物を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞は細菌を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞は大腸菌を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記突然変異体mRNA又は前記突然変異体tRNAの前記非天然核酸塩基は、
から選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1つに記載の方法。 - 前記突然変異体mRNA又は前記突然変異体tRNAの前記非天然核酸塩基は、
から選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1つに記載の方法。 - 前記突然変異体mRNA及び/又は前記突然変異体tRNA中の非天然核酸塩基は、
から選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1つに記載の方法。 - 前記突然変異体mRNA中の非天然核酸塩基は、
である、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至7の何れか1つに記載の方法。 - 前記突然変異体tRNA中の非天然核酸塩基は、
である、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至8の何れか1つに記載の方法。 - 前記非天然ヌクレオチドは更に非天然糖部分を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至9の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然ヌクレオチドの前記非天然糖部分は、2’位置での修飾:OH;置換された低級アルキル、アルカリル、アラルキル、O-アルカリル、又はO-アラルキル、SH、SCH3、OCN、Cl、Br、CN、CF3、OCF3、SOCH3、SO2CH3、ONO2、NO2、N3、NH2F;O-アルキル、S-アルキル、N-アルキル;O-アルケニル、S-アルケニル、N-アルケニル;O-アルキニル、S-アルキニル、N-アルキニル;O-アルキル-O-アルキル、2’-F、2’-OCH3、2’-O(CH2)2OCH3であって、ここで、アルキル、アルケニル、及びアルキニルは、置換又は非置換のC1-C10アルキル、C2-C10アルケニル、C2-C10アルキニル、-O[(CH2)nO]mCH3、-O(CH2)nOCH3、-O(CH2)nNH2、-O(CH2)nCH3、-O(CH2)n-ONH2、及び-O(CH2)nON[(CH2)nCH3]2であってもよく、n及びmは1~10である、2’位置での修飾;及び/又は、5’位置での修飾:5’-ビニル、5’-メチル(R又はS)、4’位置での修飾、4’-S、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルカリル、アミノアルキルアミノ、ポリアルキルアミノ、置換シリル、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせから成る群から選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 突然変異体アンチコドン又は突然変異体コドンは更に非天然バックボーンを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至11の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 突然変異体アンチコドン及び突然変異体コドンは更に非天然バックボーンを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至11の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 非天然ヌクレオチドは、RNAポリメラーゼによってmRNAへと転写中に組み込まれて、前記突然変異体コドンを含有する前記突然変異体mRNAを生成する、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至13の何れか1つに記載の方法
- 非天然ヌクレオチドは、RNAポリメラーゼによってtRNAへと転写中に組み込まれて、前記突然変異体アンチコドンを含有する前記突然変異体tRNAを生成する、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至14の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記突然変異体tRNAに、非天然アミノ酸残基がチャージされる、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至15の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然アミノ酸はp-アジド-フェニルアラニン(pAzF)である、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至16の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然アミノ酸は、N6-[(2-プロピニルオキシ)カルボニル]-L-リジン(PrK)である、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至16の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記突然変異体tRNAは、メタノサルシナ・マゼイからのtRNAの突然変異体である、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至18の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼは、ピロリシルtRNAシンテターゼである、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至19の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼは、チロシルtRNAシンテターゼである、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至19の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼは、メタノサルシナ・バーケリに由来する、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至21の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼは、メタノカルドコックス・ヤンナスキイに由来する、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至21の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- a.フェオダクチルム・トリコルヌーツムからのヌクレオシド三リン酸輸送体と、
b.
から選択される非天然核酸塩基を含む突然変異体アンチコドンを含む突然変異体tRNAと、
c.アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼと、
d.
から選択される非天然核酸塩基を含む突然変異体コドンを含むmRNAと
を含み、ここで、突然変異体tRNAの突然変異体アンチコドンは、突然変異体mRNAの突然変異体コドンと対になる、細胞。 - 前記細胞は更に、tRNAをコードするオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項24に記載の細胞。
- 前記細胞は更に、アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼをコードするオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項24又は25に記載の細胞。
- 前記細胞は更に、mRNAをコードするオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至26の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- 前記細胞は更に、tRNA及びmRNAをコードするオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至27の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- 前記細胞は更に、tRNA、mRNA、及びアミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼをコードするオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至28の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- tRNAは、GYT及びGYCから選択される1つ以上のアンチコドンを含み、ここで、Yは前記非天然核酸塩基である、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至29の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- tRNAはアンチコドンGYTを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項30に記載の細胞。
- tRNAはアンチコドンGYCを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項30に記載の細胞。
- mRNAは、AXC及びGXCから選択される1つ以上のコドンを含み、ここで、Xは前記非天然核酸塩基である、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至32の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- mRNAはコドンAXCを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項33に記載の細胞。
- mRNAはコドンGXCを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項33に記載の細胞。
- 非天然核酸塩基Yは、
であることを特徴とする、請求項30乃至32の何れか1つ、あるいは請求項30乃至32の何れか1つに従属する場合の請求項33乃至35の何れか1つ、に記載の細胞。 - 非天然核酸塩基Yは、
であることを特徴とする、請求項30乃至32の何れか1つ、あるいは請求項30乃至32の何れか1つに従属する場合の請求項33乃至35の何れか1つ、に記載の細胞。 - 非天然核酸塩基Xは、
である、ことを特徴とする請求項33乃至35あるいは37の何れか1つに記載の細胞。 - 非天然核酸塩基Xは、
である、ことを特徴とする請求項33乃至36の何れか1つに記載の細胞。 - mRNAは以下の非天然核酸塩基
を含み、tRNAは以下の非天然核酸塩基
を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至35、37、及び38の何れか1つに記載の細胞。 - 突然変異体mRNA及び/又は突然変異体tRNA中の前記非天然核酸塩基は、
から選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至29の何れか1つに記載の細胞。 - 突然変異体mRNA中の前記非天然核酸塩基は、
である、ことを特徴とする請求項41に記載の細胞。 - 突然変異体tRNA中の前記非天然核酸塩基は、
である、ことを特徴とする請求項41又は42に記載の細胞。 - 前記アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼはメタノサルシナ・バーケリに由来する、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至43の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- 前記アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼはメタノカルドコックス・ヤンナスキイに由来する、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至43の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- 前記アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼは、ピロリシルtRNAシンテターゼである、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至45の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- 前記アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼは、チロシルtRNAシンテターゼである、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至45の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- 前記突然変異体tRNAはメタノサルシナ・マゼイからのtRNAの突然変異体である、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至47の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- 前記細胞は微生物である、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至48の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- 前記細胞は細菌である、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至48の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- 前記細胞は大腸菌である、ことを特徴とする請求項24乃至48の何れか1つに記載の細胞。
- 非天然アミノ酸を含むタンパク質を細胞内で生成する方法であって、前記方法は、
ヌクレオシド三リン酸輸送体を使用して、請求項24乃至51の何れか1つに記載の細胞内に非天然ヌクレオチドを輸送する工程と、
前記細胞に非天然アミノ酸を提供する工程と
を含み、
ここで、前記非天然ヌクレオチドは、非天然オリゴヌクレオチドを含む二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドの転写中に、RNAポリメラーゼによって組み込まれて、突然変異体mRNA及び突然変異体tRNAを生成し、及び、
前記非天然アミノ酸を含むタンパク質は、前記突然変異体mRNAの翻訳中に、前記突然変異体tRNAを利用して生成される、
方法。 - 前記細胞に輸送された前記非天然ヌクレオチドは、非天然核酸塩基を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項52に記載の方法。
- 前記非天然核酸塩基は、
である、ことを特徴とする請求項53に記載の方法。 - 前記非天然アミノ酸はp-アジド-フェニルアラニン(pAzF)である、ことを特徴とする請求項52乃至54の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然アミノ酸はN6-[(2-プロピニルオキシ)カルボニル]-L-リジン(PrK)である、ことを特徴とする請求項52乃至54の何れか1つに記載の方法。
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