JP6996298B2 - セルフリーdnaの回収方法 - Google Patents
セルフリーdnaの回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6996298B2 JP6996298B2 JP2017553271A JP2017553271A JP6996298B2 JP 6996298 B2 JP6996298 B2 JP 6996298B2 JP 2017553271 A JP2017553271 A JP 2017553271A JP 2017553271 A JP2017553271 A JP 2017553271A JP 6996298 B2 JP6996298 B2 JP 6996298B2
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Description
(1)体液試料からセルフリーDNAを回収する方法であって、以下の工程:
工程a)水溶性の中性ポリマーが表面に吸着した酸化アルミニウムの担体と前記体液試料を混合し、前記担体にセルフリーDNAを吸着させる工程、
工程b)工程a)において混合した混合物から、前記セルフリーDNAが吸着した担体を分離する工程、および
工程c)工程b)において分離した前記セルフリーDNAが吸着した担体に溶出液を加えてセルフリーDNAを回収する工程、
を含むセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
(2)前記体液試料が、全血、血清、血しょう、尿、または唾液である(1)に記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
(3)前記水溶性の中性ポリマーが、pH7の溶液中で-10mV以上+10mV以下のゼータ電位を有するポリマーである(1)または(2)に記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
(4)前記ポリマーが、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリ(2-エチル-2-オキサゾリン)又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである(1)から(3)のいずれかに記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
(5)前記溶出液が、緩衝液である(1)から(4)のいずれかに記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
(6)前記体液試料を、タンパク質変性剤で処理する(1)から(5)のいずれかに記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
(7)前記タンパク質変性剤が、カオトロピック塩またはタンパク質変性酵素である(6)に記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
(8)セルフリーDNAの遺伝子配列を解析し、がんに特異的な遺伝子変異を検出する方法であって、(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法を用いて被験者の体液試料からセルフリーDNAを回収する工程、および当該回収したセルフリーDNAからがんに特異的な遺伝子変異を検出する工程、を含む遺伝子変異の検出方法。
(9)被験者由来のセルフリーDNA量と、がんに罹患していない検体由来のセルフリーDNA量を比較することによってがんを検出方法であって、(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法を用いて被験者およびがんに罹患していない検体の体液試料からセルフリーDNAを回収する工程、および当該回収した被験者由来のセルフリーDNA量と、がんに罹患していない検体由来のセルフリーDNA量を比較してがんを検出する工程、を含むがんの検出方法。
ポリエチレングリコールはメルク株式会社より、塩基性のガンマ酸化アルミニウム(N613N)は日揮触媒化成株式会社より購入した。実施例中で用いたポリマー水溶液は、それぞれの濃度になるよう水で溶解させた。また、実施例中で特に断らない限り、ガンマ酸化アルミニウムは塩基性のものを用いた。酸化アルミニウムは、ふるい分けなどせずに購入したまま実験に用いた。
特許文献4(実施例4、Table2)に記載の酸化アルミニウムAと組成の近い塩基性のガンマ酸化アルミニウム(N613N:日揮触媒化成株式会社)を用いて、セルフリーDNAを効率的に回収することができるかを検討した。体液試料としては、Tennessee Blood Services社から購入した複数人由来の混合血しょうを用いた。酸化アルミニウムに吸着させたセルフリーDNAを溶出させる溶出液として、特許文献4、5に、リン酸緩衝液、又はTris-EDTA緩衝液を溶出液として利用できることが記載されおり、特許文献6には、リン酸溶液が核酸と酸化アルミニウムとの結合を阻害する旨が記載されていたことから、リン酸緩衝液(0.5M,pH7)を溶出液として、以下の実験を行った。
1.5mlチューブに、0.5mgずつガンマ酸化アルミニウムを量り取った。これにポリマー溶液として、ポリアクリル酸(PAcA, 5.1kD, 10wt%)、デキストラン硫酸(DS, 4kD, 10wt%)、ポリビニルスルホン酸(PVSA, 10wt%)、ポリアリルアミン(PAA, 17kD, 10wt%)、ポリ-L-リシン(PLL, 150kD, 1wt%)をそれぞれ50μLずつ加えて10分間ミキサーで攪拌した。遠心機で遠心(10000G, 1min)して上清を除き、それぞれのポリマーが吸着したガンマ酸化アルミニウム得た。
シリカ担体を用いたセルフリーDNA回収キット(サーモフィッシャー株式会社、MagMax cell-FreeDNA Isolation kit)を用いて血しょうセルフリーDNAを効率的に回収することができるかを検討した。
また、回収したセルフリーDNAの検出は、比較例1と同様の方法で確認した。
1.5mLチューブに0.5mgずつガンマ酸化アルミニウムを量り取った。そこにエタノール400μL添加し、ボルテックスで撹拌し、遠心機で遠心(10000G、1min)し上清を除いた。この操作を再度繰り返し、エタノールによって、ビーズ表面のごみなどを除去した。これにポリマー水溶液として、水溶性の中性ポリマーであるポリエチレングリコール(PEG,10kD,10wt%)を50μL加えて10分間ミキサーで撹拌した。遠心機で遠心(10000G、1min)して上清を除き、ポリマーが表面に吸着したガンマ酸化アルミニウム担体を得た。
実施例1で行った、血しょうのタンパク質変性処理の変性剤は、グアジニン塩酸塩を含むRLT(株式会社キアゲン、Buffer RLT)に変更した。使用方法は、比較例1で用いた血しょう300μLとRLT450μLを予め混合したのちにポリマーが表面に吸着したガンマ酸化アルミニウム担体に添加した。その他の作業は比較例1と同様である。結果を表3に示す。
実施例1で行った、血しょうのタンパク質変性処理の変性剤の種類を尿素に変更した。使用方法は、比較例1で用いた血しょう300μLと尿素(終濃度6M)450μLを予め混合したのちにポリマーが表面に吸着したガンマ酸化アルミニウム担体に添加した。その他の作業は比較例1と同様である。結果を表3に示す。
実施例1で行った、血しょうのタンパク質変性処理を行わないで、血しょうをポリマーが表面に吸着したガンマ酸化アルミニウム担体に添加した。比較例1で用いた血しょう300μLに蒸留水45μLを添加した以外の作業は実施例1と同様である。結果を表3に示す。
水溶性の中性ポリマーとして、ゼータ電位が異なる以下にあげる各種ポリマーを各10wt%水溶液に調製した。PEG(ポリエチレングリコール)、PVA(ポリビニルアルコール)、PEOz(ポリ(2-エチル-2オキサゾリン))、HPMC(ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース)、PVP(ポリビニルピロリドン)。調製した各ポリマー溶液とガンマ酸化アルミニウム担体を混合させ、各ポリマーが表面に吸着したガンマ酸化アルミニウム担体を作製した。それ以外の作業は実施例1と同様である。
体液試料として、CureLine社より入手したがんに罹患していない女性及び男性由来の血しょう、並びにCureLine社より入手した乳がん患者(女性)の血しょうを用いた以外は、比較例3と同様の方法でセルフリーDNAの回収を行い、Quantus Fluorometer(登録商標)を用いてDNA濃度を測定した。結果を表5に示す。
実施例1で用いた担体を使用した以外は、比較例4と同様の検体から、比較例4と同様作業でセルフリーDNAの回収を行った。回収したセルフリーDNAの濃度を比較例4と同様の方法で確認した。結果を表5に示す。
シリカ担体を用いたセルフリーDNA回収キット(サーモフィッシャー株式会社、MagMax cell-FreeDNA Isolation kit)を用いて、体液試料300μLからセルフリーDNAを回収し、がん特異的な遺伝子変異を検出した。体液試料として、CureLine社より入手したがんに罹患していない女性及び男性由来の血しょう、並びにCureLine社より入手した肺がん(男性)患者の血しょうを用いた。セルフリーDNAの回収方法は、比較例3において変性剤にRLTを用いた方法と同様に実施した。得られた溶出液の1/25の体積を20μLにして用いて、肺がん患者に特異的なEGFR exon19 deletion変異をデジタルPCRで検出した。結果を表6に示す。その結果、がんに罹患していない男性、女性の検体では遺伝子変異は検出されなかったが、肺がん患者のセルフリーDNAからは49.45%の頻度でEGFR exon19 deletion変異を検出した。
比較例3において変性剤にRLTを用いた方法と同様の方法を用いて、比較例5と同じ検体であるがんに罹患していない男性、女性、及び肺がん患者の血しょう300μLからセルフリーDNAを回収し、がん特異的な遺伝子変異を検出した。得られた溶出液の1/25の体積を20μLにして用いて、肺がん患者に特異的なEGFR exon19 deletion変異をデジタルPCRで検出した。その結果、がんに罹患していない男性、女性の検体では遺伝子変異は検出されなかったが、肺がん患者のセルフリーDNAからは55.82%の頻度でEGFR exon19 deletion変異を検出した。この数値は比較例5の方法で得られた遺伝子変異検出頻度(49.45%)よりも高いことから(表6)、本発明の方法は既存の方法よりもがん特異的な遺伝子変異を高感度に検出できることが示された。
シリカ担体を用いたセルフリーDNA回収キット(サーモフィッシャー株式会社、MagMax cell-FreeDNA Isolation kit)を用いて、体液試料300μLからセルフリーDNAを回収し、リアルタイムPCRで測定されたセルフリーDNA量を用いてがんの有無を検出した。体液試料として、CureLine社より入手したがんに罹患していない女性及び男性由来の血しょう、並びに、CureLine社より入手した肺がん(男性)、乳がん(女性)、及び大腸がん(男性)の血しょうを用いた。セルフリーDNAの回収方法は、比較例3において変性剤にRLTを用いた方法と同様に実施した。DNAは50μLに溶出し、10倍希釈したうちの4μLを分取し、がん由来のセルフリーDNAをより検出し易くなるよう設計した配列1と配列3のプライマーから増幅されるアクチン配列遺伝子の断片である約306bpをリアルタイムPCRで検出した。検出対象の塩基長を300bpよりも長くすることで、非がん細胞では放出され難いが、がん細胞では放出されるセルフリーDNAを捕捉し、非がんとがんの区別を試みた。がんに罹患していない男性、およびがんに罹患してない女性由来の検体測定値の95%信頼下限区間をベースラインとし、これよりセルフリーDNA量が1.5倍以上多い(PCRサイクル数が約0.59少ない)検体はがんが検出されたとしてがん陽性、そうでない検体はがんが検出されないとして、がん陰性と判定した。
実施例2において変性剤にRLTを用いた方法と同様の方法を用いて、比較例6と同じ体液試料300μLからセルフリーDNAを回収し、リアルタイムPCRで測定されたセルフリーDNA量を用いてがんの有無を検出した。セルフリーDNAの回収方法は、比較例3において変性剤にRLTを用いた方法と同様に実施した。DNAは50μLに溶出し、10倍希釈したうちの4μLを分取し、がん由来のセルフリーDNAをより検出し易くなるよう設計した配列1と配列3のプライマーから増幅されるアクチン配列遺伝子の断片をリアルタイムPCRで検出した。がんの有無に関する判定については、比較例6と同様に実施した。その結果、肺がん(男性)、乳がん(女性)、大腸がん(男性)患者の血しょうは、それぞれ、がんに罹患していない検体のベースラインよりもセルフリーDNA量が多く検出され、全検体が、がん陽性と判定した。従って、本法では3つのがん検体のうち3つの検体全てが陽性であったため、感度は100%であった。この感度は、比較例6の方法で得られた感度(66%)よりも高いことから(表7)、本発明の方法は既存の方法よりも高感度にセルフリーDNAからがんを検出できることが示された。
Claims (7)
- 体液試料からセルフリーDNAを回収する方法であって、以下の工程:
工程a)水溶性の中性ポリマーが表面に吸着した酸化アルミニウムの担体と前記体液試料を混合し、前記担体にセルフリーDNAを吸着させる工程、
工程b)工程a)において混合した混合物から、前記セルフリーDNAが吸着した担体を分離する工程、および
工程c)工程b)において分離した前記セルフリーDNAが吸着した担体に溶出液を加えてセルフリーDNAを回収する工程、
を含むセルフリーDNAの回収方法であり、
前記ポリマーがポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリ(2-エチル-2-オキサゾリン)又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである、方法。 - 前記体液試料が、全血、血清、血しょう、尿または唾液である請求項1に記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
- 前記水溶性の中性ポリマーが、pH7の溶液中で-10mV以上+10mV以下のゼータ電位を有するポリマーである請求項1または2に記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
- 前記溶出液が緩衝液である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
- 前記体液試料を、タンパク質変性剤で処理する請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
- 前記タンパク質変性剤が、カオトロピック塩またはタンパク質変性酵素である請求項5に記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法。
- セルフリーDNAの遺伝子配列を解析し、がんに特異的な遺伝子変異を検出する方法であって、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のセルフリーDNAの回収方法を用いて被験者の体液試料からセルフリーDNAを回収する工程、および当該回収したセルフリーDNAからがんに特異的な遺伝子変異を検出する工程、を含む遺伝子変異の検出方法。
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| US6872527B2 (en) | 1997-04-16 | 2005-03-29 | Xtrana, Inc. | Nucleic acid archiving |
| KR100745750B1 (ko) * | 2005-01-25 | 2007-08-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 인터컬레이터를 이용한 핵산의 분리 방법 |
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