JP6639651B2 - 疼痛のための治療化合物及びその合成 - Google Patents
疼痛のための治療化合物及びその合成 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6639651B2 JP6639651B2 JP2018511670A JP2018511670A JP6639651B2 JP 6639651 B2 JP6639651 B2 JP 6639651B2 JP 2018511670 A JP2018511670 A JP 2018511670A JP 2018511670 A JP2018511670 A JP 2018511670A JP 6639651 B2 JP6639651 B2 JP 6639651B2
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- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011287 therapeutic dose Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000041 toxicology testing Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- QCTXWRYDBQJQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydrate;hydrobromide Chemical compound O.O.O.Br QCTXWRYDBQJQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000009637 wintergreen oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D471/18—Bridged systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/439—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom the ring forming part of a bridged ring system, e.g. quinuclidine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
- A61P29/02—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID] without antiinflammatory effect
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
- C07D451/06—Oxygen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
- C07D451/06—Oxygen atoms
- C07D451/10—Oxygen atoms acylated by aliphatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, e.g. atropine, scopolamine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
- C07D451/06—Oxygen atoms
- C07D451/12—Oxygen atoms acylated by aromatic or heteroaromatic carboxylic acids, e.g. cocaine
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Description
本特許出願は、2016年9月4日出願の米国仮出願第62/214,727号、及び2015年9月4日出願の米国仮出願第62/214,734号の利益を主張し、各々が参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、動物、哺乳動物、及びヒトにおける病態及び障害を治療するために使用することができる、新しい薬学的に活性な化学化合物を提供する。
「アルキル」という用語とは、例えば、鎖内に1〜12個の炭素原子を有する炭化水素鎖内の、分岐又は非分岐炭化水素鎖を指す。いくつかの実施形態において、アルキル基は、C1〜C6アルキル基である。いくつかの実施形態において、アルキル基は、C1〜C4アルキル基である。アルキル基の例としては、メチル(Me)エチル(Et)、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、sec−ブチル、tert−ブチル(tBu)、ペンチル、イソペンチル、tert−ペンチル、ヘキシル、イソヘキシル、及び当該技術分野における従来技術及び本明細書に提供される教示に照らして、前述の例のうちのいずれか1つに等価であるとみなされる基が挙げられる。
本発明は、式1の構造の化合物
本発明の化合物は、薬学的薬剤として有用であり、本明細書で定義される、治療有効量の本発明の化合物、及び薬学的に許容される担体又は希釈剤を含む薬学的組成物に組み込まれ得る。
式1の化合物は、スキーム1〜18において後述される工程によって、式19の化合物(スコポラミン[51−34−3])((2S)−(1R,2R,4S,5S)−9−メチル−3−オキサ−9−アザトリシクロ[3.3.1.02,4]ノナン−7−イル−3−ヒドロキシ−2−フェニルプロパノエート臭化水素酸三水和物)から合成した。
式1のMoAを調査するために、タキソールモデルを使用した。
Liらによれば、選択された14−3−3異性体(o異性体を含む)が、シナプス前神経終末における神経伝達物質放出の中心である電位依存性Ca2+チャネルのサブタイプである、Cav2.2イオンチャネルと相互作用することが発見された。彼らは、14−3−3タンパク質(異性体E、t、y、o、及びξ)は、開放状態及び閉鎖状態の両方でCa2+チャネルの不活性化を低減したことを報告した。このタンパク質−タンパク質相互作用は、少なくとも2つの14−3−3電位相互作用部位を含有する、チャネル孔形成a1Bサブユニットのカルボキシル尾部である、14−3−3oの結合によって媒介される。
式1は、包括的Senerga(登録商標)表現型スクリーニングに続いて発見された。この化合物は、ナイーブ動物の逃避閾値に影響を及ぼすことなく、疼痛関連モデルにおいて活性を示し、制限されたCNS効果を示唆する。式1は、膨張に対して有効でなかったため、NSAID様作用機序は除外する。
5.1:Caco−2細胞単層を使用する透過性
式1は、Caco−2細胞単層を使用して、細胞透過性について評価した。上部−側底部(A−B)及び側底部−上部(B−A)両方向性透過性及び流出比の両方を、アッセイにおいて評価した。観測されたPapp A−Bは、6.6×10−6cm/sであり、中度の受動透過性を示す(10×10−6cm/s?Papp A−B?1×10−6cm/sは、中度透過性とみなされる)。
式1は、良好な物理化学的特性を有する(MW<500Da、cLogP及びcLogD=2.6、及び「5の法則」の侵害なし)。低い極性表面積(PSA<70Å2)はまた、化合物が、良好な膜及び脳浸透剤であるはずであることを示唆する(表1)。
MD−354の薬物動態学的研究は、マウスにおいて、50mg/kgの経口投与及び5mg/kgの静脈内投与に続いて行われた(図17)。5mg/kgの静脈内投与に続いて、初期血漿濃度(C0)は、7941ng/mLに到達した。血漿濃度は、投与後8時間で6.74ng/mLまで多相様式で減少し、末端半減期は、0.35時間であった(8時間の時点でのデータを除外する)。化合物は、46.1mL/分/kgの中度全身性血漿クリアランス(CLp)(マウス肝臓血流量:90mL/分/kg)及び1.08L/kgの中度の定常状態分布容積(Vss)を示した。
7.1 インビトロ研究:血漿タンパク質結合
式1の血漿タンパク質結合アッセイを、平衡透析の方法を使用して、1μMの単一濃度でマウス及びヒトの血漿中で行った。化合物は、中度〜高度の血漿タンパク質結合を示し、マウス及びヒトの結晶中でそれぞれ84%及び92%の結晶タンパク質が結合された。化合物の血漿タンパク質結合は、許容可能である。
7.2.1 マウス組織における式1のレベル
組織分布研究は、50mg/kgの用量で、マウスに化合物を経口的及び静脈内的に投与することによって行った。血漿及び組織試料を、5分〜8時間までの様々な時間で収集した。経口投与後に測定された組織対血漿濃度の比は、0.6(範囲:0.3〜1.1、脳)、3.2(範囲:1.9〜5.0、脊髄)、6.5(範囲:0.9〜10.3、肝臓)、24.0(範囲:5.1〜59.9、肺)、6.6(範囲:1.2〜14.9、心臓)、16.9(範囲:4.3〜26.8、腎臓)、77.5(範囲:11.5〜341、脾臓)、29.2(範囲:6.3〜50.2、盲腸)、67.4(範囲:11.6〜326、結腸)、5.2(範囲:2.1〜8.0、精巣)であった。これらの組織中の化合物の濃度−時間プロファイルは、一般に血漿中のものに従っていた。これらの選択された組織中の組織対結晶濃度の比は、一般に、市販の薬物の正常範囲内である。
8.1 インビトロ代謝
8.1.1 血液/血漿安定性
式1は、マウス及びヒト血漿の両方において安定であり、t90値は4h超であるが、ラット血漿中で不安定であり、t90は1h未満である(t90は、安定であるとみなされるために、4h超でなければならない)。したがって、有効性及び安全性薬理学の大部分を、マウスにおいて実行した。
マウス、ラット、及びヒト肝臓ミクロソームにおける代謝安定性研究は、1μMの化合物濃度で行った。固有クリアランス(CLint)値は、マウス及びラット両方の肝臓ミクロソーム内で346μL/分/mgより大きく(4分未満のt1/2)、ヒト肝臓ミクロソーム内で174μL/分/mgであった(8分のt1/2)。これは、化合物が良好な細胞透過性を示すため、化合物が、試験した種の肝臓内で著しい全身循環前代謝又は初回通過効果を受けることを示し得る。
8.2.1 CYP450酵素の阻害
主要なCYP450酵素の可逆的阻害に関する予備的インビトロ研究は、この化合物のカクテル形式で行った。IC50値は、CYP2C9の場合4μM、CYP2C19の場合5μM、及びCYP3A4、2C8、2D6、及び1A2の場合10μM超であった。ヒトにおける総血漿濃度が、0.4μM未満である場合、臨床治験におけるインビボ薬物相互作用研究は、この化合物に必要でないことがある。
9.1 インビボ研究
親化合物の糞便排泄を、50mg/kgの用量でのマウスにおける式1の経口投与、及び5mg/kgの用量での静脈内投与に続いて評価した。糞便中のピーク濃度は、経口投与及び静脈内投与から、それぞれ150μg/g及び33μg/gであった。これらのピーク濃度は、一般に、経口投与後1時間以内、及び静脈内投与後5分以内に達成された。濃度は、両方の投与経路による投与後8時間後も高いままであった(1μg/g超)(図18)。
10.1 インビトロ安全性薬理学プロファイリング
hERGのIC50は、10μM超であった。hERG及び他の重要な心標的に対して一般に許容される安全性限界は、30以上である(安全性限界は、IC50/Cmax、フリー又はEC50/Cmax、フリーとして算出される)。これは、少なくとも4μMの総血漿濃度が、安全性限界30で、ヒトにおいて到達され得ることを示唆する。
10.2.1.一般安全性の観測
式1の忍容性を、マウス及びラットにおいて評価した。化合物は、5日間の30mg/kgでの腹腔内投与、60mg/kgでの皮下投与、及び50mg/kgでの経口投与後のマウスにおいて十分に忍容された。化合物は、マウスにおいて、100mg/kgの単回投与後も忍容された。経口的に1日1回式1を50mg/kgで5日の期間にわたって投与されたラットは、いかなる有害効果も示さなかった(表3)。
a.オープンフィールド試験
マウスは、10mg/kgのIP用量の式1を受容した。動物を、30分後にオープンフィールド装置(0.5×0.5×0.5m長さ、幅、及び高さの箱)内に5分の期間にわたって入れた。動物の歩行距離及び速度を評価し、ビヒクル処置群と比較した。ビヒクル処置した動物と式1で処置した動物との間に差異は認められなかった(表4)。
動物を、食物消費について連続する3日の期間にわたって試験し、この間に動物は、10mg/kg IPの式1日用量を受けた。ビヒクル処置した動物に対して、式1で処置した動物の食物消費に変化は検出されなかった。ビヒクル処置した動物は、一晩当たり平均4.39±0.61gを消費したのに比べて、式1で処置した動物は、一晩当たり4.00±0.20gを消費した。
ナイーブマウス及びナイーブラットへの、それぞれ31日及び7日の期間にわたる式1の投与は、体重増加に影響を及ぼさなかった。4日目に、ビヒクル処置した動物は、25.24±0.74gから25.50±0.64gへとおよそ1%体重増加した。式1で処置した動物は、25.28±1.04gから25.82±1.25gになった。
薬物処置に続くナイーブ動物における熱及び冷刺激に対する正常な逃避閾値の応答の変化は、カンナビノイド又はオピオイドの場合と同様に、CNS効果を反映し得る。したがって、10mg/kg IPの用量での式1投与後の、ナイーブマウスの応答を評価した(表5)。式1は、冷(2±1℃)又は熱(50±1℃)で刺激された動物の基底応答を変化させることにおいて有効でなく、CNS効果を示さない。これはまた、式1が、疼痛状態で上昇又は曝露され、ナイーブ状態では関連が低い標的に対して作用することを示唆し得る。
式1による原理研究の初期証拠には、IP投与経路を使用した。しかしながら、式1で行われた研究の大部分における選択された投与経路は、SC又はPOのいずれかであった。全ての詳細な手順を詳述することなく結果を理解する目的で、各セクションに簡潔なプロトコル概要を提供する。
簡潔な研究の概説:動物に、連続した8日の期間(0日目〜7日目)にわたってタキソールを連日投与した。研究8日目、薬物投与の前に、フォン・フレイ試験を適用することによって、逃避力の減少(接触性アロディニア)を検証した。動物をそれらの処置群に割り当てた後、動物を異なる用量のビヒクル又は式1のいずれかで、5日の期間にわたって連日処置した。150mg/kgの用量でのガバペンチンを、試験日にのみ投与した(8日目及び14日目)。
簡潔な研究の概説:マウスの坐骨神経を麻酔下で露出し、3つの緩い結紮を神経の周りに配置した。動物を3日間回復させた。次いで、接触性アロディニア(フォン・フレイ試験)及び熱性(50±1℃で熱及び2±1℃で冷)痛覚過敏を評価した。接触性アロディニアを経験していた動物を、それらの処置群(異なる用量でのビヒクル、ガバペンチン、及び式1)に割り当てた。続いて、動物を異なる用量のビヒクル又は式1のいずれかで、5日の期間にわたって連日処置した。150mg/kgの用量のガバペンチンを、試験日にのみ投与した(3日目及び7日目)。
経口投与に続く式1の活性を、タキソールモデルを使用して評価した(セクション7.1の研究の概要を参照されたい)。50mg/kgの用量での式1は、研究8日目の単回投与後2時間での逃避力を完全に反転させることにおいて活性であった。この活性は、8日目から14日目までの繰り返し連日投与に続いて、研究14日目に維持されていた。興味深いことに、式1は、投与後24時間で著しく活性であり、逃避力の増加を伴っていた(投与前の研究14日目、図22)。忍容効果は認められなかった。150mg/kgで投与されたガバペンチンは、投与後4時間の期間にわたって活性であった。動物がホットプレート試験に導入されたとき、活性は認められなかった。
表7は、異なる投与経路を使用する繰り返し連日投与後の、神経因性疼痛のマウスモデルにおける式1の活性を要約する。以下が観測される。(1)比較的低い用量での式1による処置は、150mg/kgでのガバペンチンと同様に良好であり、場合によっては、ガバペンチンよりも更に良好であった。(2)式1の活性の期間は、ガバペンチンよりも長い。(3)150mg/kgの用量でのガバペンチン処置は、ベースライン応答時間を超えて、冷たさに対する応答時間の増加をもたらし、明らかなCNS効果を示唆した。式1での処置は、CNS効果なしに活性を示す。
簡潔な研究の概説:タキソールを、17日の期間(0日目〜16日目)にわたって連日投与した。16日目に、フォン・フレイ試験を使用して逃避力を評価した。動物は、繰り返しタキソール投与に続いて、逃避力の60%を超える低減を経験した。50mg/kgの用量での式1による単剤処置の後に、完全な反転が記録された。すなわち、逃避力は、タキソール投与開始前に記録された値と同様であった。鎮痛活性の期間は、少なくとも6時間であった。投与後24時間(23日目投与前)において、ビヒクル群と式1処置群との間に有意差はなかった。式1の活性は、150mg/kgの用量でのガバペンチンによる処置に続いて観測される活性と同様であった(図23)。
簡潔な研究計画:SD雄ラットを、Bennet及びXie7により記載されるように手術した。研究7日目に、フォン・フレイに対する動物の感受性を評価した。逃避力の著しい低減を示した動物のみを、処置群に割り当てた。次いで、動物にビヒクル、ガバペンチン、又は式1のいずれかを投与した。式1での処置は、単回投与後2時間で有効ではなかった。しかしながら、50mg/kgの用量での式1による連日処置に続いて、化合物の活性は増加し、研究11日目に、処置後2時間で逃避閾値の著しい増加があり、疼痛緩和を示唆した(図25)。
以下に、本願の当初の特許請求の範囲に記載された発明を付記する。
[1] 式1の化合物、
又はその薬学的に許容される塩。
[2] 式1が、
である、[1]に記載の化合物。
[3] [2]に記載の化合物と、薬学的に許容される担体又は希釈剤と、を含む、薬学的組成物。
[4] 病態、疾患、又は障害に罹患している対象(ヒト若しくは動物)を治療するための方法であって、前記対象に、有効量の[2]に記載の化合物を投与することを含む、方法。
[5] 前記化合物が投与されて、前記対象に局所送達をもたらす、[4]に記載の方法。
[6] 前記化合物が投与されて、前記対象に全身送達をもたらす、[4]に記載の方法。
[7] 前記病態又は障害が、神経因性疼痛又は慢性疼痛である、[4]に記載の方法。
[8] 式1の化合物
を製造する方法であって、式2の化合物
を、還元剤の存在下で2−ピリジンカルボキシアルデヒドと反応させることを含む、方法。
[9] 前記2−ピリジンカルボキシアルデヒドが、前記還元剤の前に添加された、[8]に記載の方法。
[10] 前記還元剤が、トリアセトキシ水素化ホウ素ナトリウムである、[8]に記載の方法。
[11] 前記式1の化合物が、キラル的に分離される、[8]に記載の方法。
[12] 式3の化合物
を、酸と反応させることによって、前記式2の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[8]に記載の方法。
[13] 前記酸が、トリフルオロ酢酸である、[12]に記載の方法。
[14] 式4の化合物
を、ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)と反応させることによって、前記式3の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[12]に記載の方法。
[15] 式5の化合物
を、tert−ブチルジフェニルクロロシランと反応させることによって、前記式4の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[14]に記載の方法。
[16] 前記反応が、ピリジンを更に含む、[15]に記載の方法。
[17] 式6.bの化合物
を、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロパン酸と反応させることによって、前記式5の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[15]に記載の方法。
[18] 前記反応が、N−N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミンを更に含む、[17]に記載の方法。
[19] 前記反応が、(1−[Bis(ジメチルアミノ)メチレン]−1H−1,2,3−トリアゾロ[4,5−b]ピリジニウム3−オキシドヘキサフルオロホスフェート)トリアセトキシ水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを更に含む、[18]に記載の方法。
[20] 式7の化合物
をキラル的に分離することによって、前記式6.bの化合物を製造することを更に含む、[17]に記載の方法。
[21] 式8の化合物
を、触媒の存在下で水素と反応させることによって、前記式7の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[20]に記載の方法。
[22] 前記触媒が、パラジウムを含む、[21]に記載の方法。
[23] 前記触媒が、炭素上のパラジウムである、[22]に記載の方法。
[24] 式9の化合物
を、Boc 2 Oと反応させることによって、前記式8の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[21]に記載の方法。
[25] 前記反応が、トリエチルアミン(Et 3 N)を更に含む、[24]に記載の方法。
[26] 式10の化合物
を、ヨードトリメチルシランと反応させることによって、前記式9の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[24]に記載の方法。
[27] 前記反応が、60℃より高い温度で起こる、[26]に記載の方法。
[28] 式11の化合物
を、tert−ブチルジフェニルクロロシランと反応させることによって、前記式9の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[26]に記載の方法。
[29] 前記反応が、イミダゾールを更に含む、[28]に記載の方法。
[30] 式12の化合物
を、ベンズアルデヒドと反応させることによって、前記式11の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[28]に記載の方法。
[31] 前記反応が、トリアセトキシ水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを更に含む、[30]に記載の方法。
[32] 式12.aの化合物
を、溶媒中で環化することによって、前記式11の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[30]に記載の方法。
[33] 前記溶媒が、エタノールである、[32]に記載の方法。
[34] 式13の化合物
を、触媒の存在下で水素と反応させることによって、前記式12.aの化合物を製造することを更に含む、[30]に記載の方法。
[35] 前記触媒が、ラネーニッケルである、[34]に記載の方法。
[36] 式14の化合物
を、シアン化カリウムと反応させることによって、前記式13の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[34]に記載の方法。
[37] 前記反応が、18−クラウン−6を更に含む、[36]に記載の方法。
[38] 式15の化合物
を、塩化メシルと反応させることによって、前記式14の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[36]に記載の方法。
[39] 前記反応が、トリエチルアミン(Et 3 N)を更に含む、[38]に記載の方法。
[40] 式16の化合物
を、還元剤と反応させることによって、前記式15の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[38]に記載の方法。
[41] 前記還元剤が、水素化ホウ素ナトリウムである、[40]に記載の方法。
[42] 式17の化合物
を、クロロギ酸エチルと反応させることによって、前記式16の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[40]に記載の方法。
[43] 前記反応が、塩基を更に含む、[42]に記載の方法。
[44] 前記塩基が、炭酸カリウムである、[43]に記載の方法。
[45] 式18の化合物
を、活性化剤の存在下で安息香酸と反応させることによって、前記式17の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[42]に記載の方法。
[46] 前記活性化剤が、トリフェニルホスフィンとジエチルアゾジカルボキシレート(DEAD)、又はトリフェニルホスフィンとジイソプロピルアゾジカルボキシレート(DIAD)である、[45]に記載の方法。
[47] 式19の化合物
を、還元剤と反応させることによって、前記式18の化合物を製造することを更に含む、[48]に記載の方法。
[48] 前記還元剤が、水素化ホウ素ナトリウムである、[47]に記載の方法。
[49] 前記反応が、イソプロピルアルコール中のHClを更に含む、[47]に記載の方法。
Claims (20)
- 式1の化合物、
又はその立体異性体もしくは薬学的に許容される塩。 - 式1が、
である、請求項1に記載の化合物又はその立体異性体もしくは薬学的に許容される塩。 - 請求項2に記載の化合物と、薬学的に許容される担体又は希釈剤と、を含む、薬学的組成物。
- 疼痛を治療するためのものである、請求項3に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 局所送達をもたらすためのものである、請求項4に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 全身送達をもたらすためのものである、請求項4に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記疼痛が、神経因性疼痛又は慢性疼痛である、請求項4〜6のいずれか1項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- (2S*,3S*,3aS*,6R*,7aR*)−1−(ピリジン−2−イルメチル)−4−(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロパノイル)オクタヒドロ−1H−2,6−メタノピロロ[3,2−b]ピリジン−3−イルピバレートを製造する方法であって、式2の化合物
を、還元剤の存在下で2−ピリジンカルボキシアルデヒドと反応させることを含む、方法。 - 前記(2S * ,3S * ,3aS * ,6R * ,7aR * )−1−(ピリジン−2−イルメチル)−4−(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロパノイル)オクタヒドロ−1H−2,6−メタノピロロ[3,2−b]ピリジン−3−イルピバレートが、キラル的に分離される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 式3の化合物
を、酸と反応させることによって、前記式2の化合物を製造することを更に含む、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 式4の化合物
(ここで、式4の化合物はピリジンに溶解したものである。)を、ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)及び塩化ピバロイルと反応させることによって、前記式3の化合物を製造することを更に含む、請求項10に記載の方法。 - 式5の化合物
を、フッ化テトラブチルアンモニウムと反応させることによって、前記式4の化合物を製造することを更に含む、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 式6.bの化合物
を、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロパン酸と反応させることによって、前記式5の化合物を製造することを更に含む、請求項12に記載の方法。 - 式7の化合物
をキラル的に分離することによって、前記式6.bの化合物を製造することを更に含む、請求項13に記載の方法。 - スコポラミンを反応させることを含む、式1の化合物又はその立体異性体を製造する方法。
- 前記方法が更に、式2の化合物
、式3の化合物
、式4の化合物
、式5の化合物
、および式6.bの化合物
からなる群より選択される化合物の生成を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。 - 前記方法が更に、式7の化合物
、式8の化合物
、式9の化合物
、式10の化合物
、式11の化合物
、および式12の化合物
からなる群より選択される化合物の生成を含む、請求項15又は16に記載の方法。 - 前記方法が更に、式12.aの化合物
、式13の化合物
、式14の化合物
、式15の化合物
、式16の化合物
、および式17の化合物
からなる群より選択される化合物の生成を含む、請求項15又は17に記載の方法。 - 前記式1の化合物を製造する方法が、スコポラミンを還元剤と反応させることを含む、請求項15〜18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記還元剤が、水素化ホウ素ナトリウムである、請求項19に記載の方法。
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| CN101768158B (zh) * | 2010-01-04 | 2013-05-29 | 南昌弘益科技有限公司 | 噻托溴铵无水物及其制备方法 |
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