JP6363035B2 - Copper slag treatment method - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
本発明は、銅スラグの処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for treating copper slag.
銅精鉱からマットを取り出す銅溶練工程で得られる銅スラグは、FeO−SiO2系化合物であり、従来、サンドブラスターの研削材や、高比重コンクリートの原料等の用途が知られている(非特許文献1、2参照)。 The copper slag obtained in the copper melting process for taking out the mat from the copper concentrate is an FeO-SiO 2 compound, and conventionally, applications such as sand blaster abrasives and raw materials for high specific gravity concrete are known ( Non-patent documents 1 and 2).
ところが、前記銅スラグの用途は極めて限定的であるため、全国で年間約250万トンの銅スラグが排出されているにも関わらず、その大部分は堆積保管されている。 However, since the use of the copper slag is extremely limited, the majority of the copper slag is deposited and stored even though approximately 2.5 million tons of copper slag is discharged nationwide.
そこで、銅スラグの新たな用途の開発が望まれる。 Therefore, development of new uses for copper slag is desired.
本発明は、前記事情に鑑み、銅スラグに新たな用途を与える銅スラグの処理方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of this invention is to provide the processing method of the copper slag which gives a new use to a copper slag in view of the said situation.
かかる目的を達成するために、本発明の銅スラグの処理方法は、銅精鉱を、融剤及び酸素富化空気と共に溶鉱炉、反射炉、電気炉、自熔炉からなる群から選択される1種の炉により処理して該銅精鉱よりも銅含有量が富化されたマットを製造する溶錬工程で、亜硫酸ガスと共に得られる銅スラグの処理方法であって、該銅スラグを塩化物イオンを含む水溶液及び硫酸で処理して塩化鉄(II)及びシリカゲルを生成させることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve this object, the copper slag treatment method of the present invention is a copper concentrate that is selected from the group consisting of a blast furnace, a reflection furnace, an electric furnace, and a self-melting furnace together with a flux and oxygen-enriched air. A copper slag treatment method obtained together with sulfurous acid gas in a smelting process for producing a mat whose copper content is enriched more than that of the copper concentrate by treating with the furnace of the copper, wherein the copper slag is treated with chloride ions. It is characterized by producing iron chloride (II) and silica gel by treatment with an aqueous solution containing sulfite and sulfuric acid.
銅の精錬では、銅鉱石の選鉱により得られた銅精鉱を、溶錬工程で融剤及び酸素富化空気と共に溶鉱炉、反射炉、電気炉、自熔炉等の炉に投入して処理することにより、該銅精鉱よりも銅含有量が富化されたマットが製造される。また、同時に、副生成物として亜硫酸ガスと銅スラグとが生成する。 In copper refining, copper concentrate obtained by beneficiation of copper ore is put into a furnace such as a blast furnace, a reflection furnace, an electric furnace, or a self-melting furnace together with a flux and oxygen-enriched air in the smelting process. Thus, a mat having a copper content enriched more than the copper concentrate is produced. At the same time, sulfurous acid gas and copper slag are produced as by-products.
本発明の銅スラグの処理方法では、まず、前記銅スラグを塩化物イオンを含む水溶液及び硫酸で処理する。前記銅スラグは、FeO−SiO2系化合物であり、塩化物イオン存在下に硫酸を作用させることにより、塩化鉄(II)が溶出される一方、残留物としてシリカゲルが得られる。この結果、塩化鉄(II)とシリカゲルとを生成させることができる。 In the copper slag treatment method of the present invention, first, the copper slag is treated with an aqueous solution containing chloride ions and sulfuric acid. The copper slag is an FeO—SiO 2 compound, and by reacting sulfuric acid in the presence of chloride ions, iron (II) chloride is eluted, while silica gel is obtained as a residue. As a result, iron (II) chloride and silica gel can be produced.
ここで、前記塩化物イオンを含む水溶液としては、海水を用いてもよく、アルカリ金属塩化物又はアルカリ土類金属塩化物の水溶液を用いてもよい。前記アルカリ金属塩化物としては塩化ナトリウムを挙げることができ、この場合、前記塩化物イオンを含む水溶液としては、食塩水を用いることができる。 Here, as the aqueous solution containing the chloride ions, seawater may be used, or an aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride or alkaline earth metal chloride may be used. Examples of the alkali metal chloride include sodium chloride. In this case, a saline solution can be used as the aqueous solution containing the chloride ion.
前記塩化鉄(II)は、酸化して塩化鉄(III)とすることにより、ヒ素又は重金属の凝集剤として廃水処理に用いることができる。また、前記シリカゲルは、前記銅の精錬において前記融剤として用いることができる。 The iron (II) chloride can be oxidized to iron (III) chloride and used as an arsenic or heavy metal flocculant for wastewater treatment. The silica gel can be used as the flux in the copper refining.
本発明の銅スラグの処理方法により得られる前記塩化鉄(II)又は前記シリカゲルは、前記銅スラグに由来する不純物を含んでいるが、前記凝集剤又は前記融剤はいずれも高品位である必要はないので好都合である。 The iron (II) chloride or the silica gel obtained by the copper slag treatment method of the present invention contains impurities derived from the copper slag, but the flocculant or the flux must both be high quality. It is convenient because it is not.
そこで、本発明の銅スラグの処理方法は、前記塩化鉄(II)を酸化して塩化鉄(III)を生成させ、該塩化鉄(III)を凝集剤として廃水中のヒ素又は重金属の除去に用いることが好ましい。前記廃水としては、例えば、前記銅の精錬の際に排出される廃水を挙げることができ、この場合には、銅の精錬で得られた銅スラグから回収された塩化鉄(III)を該銅の精錬に再利用することができ、銅の精錬コストを低減することができる。 Therefore, in the method for treating copper slag of the present invention, iron chloride (II) is oxidized to produce iron chloride (III), and the iron chloride (III) is used as a flocculant to remove arsenic or heavy metals in waste water. It is preferable to use it. Examples of the waste water include waste water discharged during the refining of copper. In this case, iron (III) chloride recovered from copper slag obtained by refining copper is used as the waste water. Can be reused for the refining of copper, and the refining cost of copper can be reduced.
また、本発明の銅スラグの処理方法は、前記シリカゲルを前記融剤として用いることが好ましい。この結果、銅の精錬で得られた銅スラグから回収された前記シリカゲルを該銅の精錬に再利用することができ、銅の精錬コストを低減することができる。 Moreover, it is preferable that the processing method of the copper slag of this invention uses the said silica gel as the said flux. As a result, the silica gel recovered from the copper slag obtained by copper refining can be reused for copper refining, and the copper refining cost can be reduced.
また、本発明の銅スラグの処理方法では、前記溶錬工程で得られる亜硫酸ガスを酸化して硫酸を生成させ、該硫酸を前記銅スラグの処理に用いることが好ましい。このようにするときには、銅の精錬の副生物である硫酸を、同じく銅の精錬の副生物である前記銅スラグの処理に用いることができ、銅の精錬のコストを低減することができる。 Moreover, in the processing method of the copper slag of this invention, it is preferable to oxidize the sulfurous acid gas obtained at the said smelting process, to produce | generate a sulfuric acid, and to use this sulfuric acid for the processing of the said copper slag. When doing in this way, the sulfuric acid which is a by-product of copper refining can be used for the treatment of the copper slag which is also a by-product of copper refining, and the cost of copper refining can be reduced.
次に、添付の図面を参照しながら本発明の実施の形態についてさらに詳しく説明する。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
銅を精錬する際には、図1に示すように、まず、銅精鉱1を融剤2及び酸素富化空気3と共に銅溶錬工程4で処理する。銅精鉱1は、例えば黄銅鉱(CuFeS2)等の銅鉱石を浮遊選鉱等により選鉱したものである。また、融剤2としてはSiO2が用いられる。 When refining copper, as shown in FIG. 1, first, the copper concentrate 1 is treated in the copper smelting step 4 together with the flux 2 and the oxygen-enriched air 3. The copper concentrate 1 is obtained by, for example, selecting a copper ore such as chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ) by flotation or the like. As the flux 2, SiO 2 is used.
銅溶錬工程4では、銅精鉱1、融剤2、酸素富化空気3が例えば自熔炉に投入されることにより、銅精鉱1が瞬時に酸化反応を起こしそれ自体の酸化熱により溶融して、銅品位約65%のマット5が得られる。また、同時に、銅精鉱1に含まれる硫黄分に由来する亜硫酸ガス6と、銅精鉱1に含まれるFe及び融剤2であるSiO2に由来するFeO−SiO2系化合物である銅スラグ7とが生成する。 In the copper smelting process 4, the copper concentrate 1, the flux 2, and the oxygen-enriched air 3 are charged into, for example, a flash furnace, so that the copper concentrate 1 instantly undergoes an oxidation reaction and melts by its own oxidation heat. Thus, the mat 5 having a copper grade of about 65% is obtained. At the same time, the sulfurous acid gas 6 derived from the sulfur content contained in the copper concentrate 1 and the copper slag that is an FeO—SiO 2 compound derived from the SiO 2 that is the Fe and the flux 2 contained in the copper concentrate 1. 7 is generated.
尚、本実施形態では自熔炉を用いて前記銅溶錬工程を行っているが、自熔炉に代えて、溶鉱炉、反射炉、電気炉等の他の炉を用いるようにしてもよい。 In this embodiment, the copper smelting process is performed using a self-melting furnace, but other furnaces such as a blast furnace, a reflection furnace, and an electric furnace may be used instead of the self-melting furnace.
マット5は、続いて精製工程8の転炉、精製炉で処理され、銅品位約99%の粗銅アノード9が得られる。粗銅アノード9は、電解精錬工程10で硫酸銅を電解液として電解されることにより、銅品位99.99%の純銅(電気銅)11が得られ、純銅11が製品として出荷される。 The mat 5 is subsequently processed in the converter and the refining furnace in the refining step 8 to obtain a crude copper anode 9 having a copper quality of about 99%. The crude copper anode 9 is electrolyzed using copper sulfate as an electrolyte in the electrolytic refining step 10 to obtain pure copper (electrocopper) 11 having a copper quality of 99.99%, and the pure copper 11 is shipped as a product.
また、亜硫酸ガス6は、硫酸製造工程12で処理されることにより硫酸13が得られる。硫酸13は次いで脱硫工程14で処理されることにより石膏15が得られ、石膏ボード等の原料として再利用に供される。 Further, the sulfurous acid gas 6 is treated in the sulfuric acid production process 12 to obtain sulfuric acid 13. The sulfuric acid 13 is then treated in a desulfurization step 14 to obtain gypsum 15 which is reused as a raw material for gypsum board or the like.
本実施形態では、銅スラグ7をスラグ処理工程16で、塩化物イオン(Cl−)を含む水溶液(以下、塩化物イオン水溶液と略記する)17と硫酸とにより処理することにより、シリカゲル(SiO2)18と塩化鉄(II)19とが得られる。 In the present embodiment, the copper slag 7 is treated in a slag treatment step 16 with an aqueous solution (hereinafter abbreviated as a chloride ion aqueous solution) 17 containing chloride ions (Cl − ) 17 and sulfuric acid, thereby obtaining silica gel (SiO 2 18) and iron (II) chloride 19 are obtained.
塩化物イオン水溶液17は、塩化物イオンを含むものであればどのようなものであってもよく、例えば、海水であってもよく、アルカリ金属塩化物又はアルカリ土類金属塩化物の水溶液であってもよい。前記アルカリ金属塩化物としては、例えば塩化ナトリウムを挙げることができ、この場合塩化物イオン水溶液17は食塩水となる。また、硫酸は市販の硫酸であってもよいが、本実施形態では、硫酸製造工程12で得られる硫酸13を用いることが好ましい。 The chloride ion aqueous solution 17 may be any one as long as it contains chloride ions. For example, it may be seawater, which is an aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride or alkaline earth metal chloride. May be. Examples of the alkali metal chloride include sodium chloride. In this case, the chloride ion aqueous solution 17 is a saline solution. Moreover, although a commercially available sulfuric acid may be sufficient as a sulfuric acid, it is preferable to use the sulfuric acid 13 obtained by the sulfuric acid manufacturing process 12 in this embodiment.
スラグ処理工程16で得られたシリカゲル18は、融剤2として再利用に供することができる。 The silica gel 18 obtained in the slag treatment step 16 can be reused as the flux 2.
また、スラグ処理工程16で得られた塩化鉄(II)19は、酸化工程20で例えば空気に曝露されることにより酸化され、塩化鉄(III)21が得られる。塩化鉄(III)21は、例えば、銅の精錬の際に排出される廃水を処理する廃水処理工程22において、ヒ素(As)或いは重金属の凝集剤として用いることができる。前記重金属としては、例えば、鉛、カドミウム等を挙げることができる。 Further, the iron (II) chloride 19 obtained in the slag treatment step 16 is oxidized by being exposed to air, for example, in the oxidation step 20 to obtain iron (III) chloride 21. Iron (III) chloride 21 can be used, for example, as an arsenic (As) or heavy metal flocculant in a wastewater treatment step 22 for treating wastewater discharged during copper refining. Examples of the heavy metal include lead and cadmium.
本実施形態の銅スラグの処理方法では、前述のように、銅の精錬の際に副生する硫酸13を用いて、同じく銅の精錬の際に副生する銅スラグ7を処理することができ、銅スラグ7を処理することにより得られたシリカゲル18及び塩化鉄(II)19を銅の精錬の工程中で再利用することができる。従って、本実施形態の銅スラグの処理方法によれば、銅の精錬全体に係るコストを低減することができる。 In the copper slag treatment method of the present embodiment, as described above, the sulfuric acid 13 that is by-produced during copper refining can be used to treat the copper slag 7 that is also produced as a by-product during copper refining. The silica gel 18 and iron (II) chloride 19 obtained by treating the copper slag 7 can be reused in the copper refining process. Therefore, according to the copper slag treatment method of the present embodiment, the cost associated with the entire copper refining can be reduced.
〔実験例1〕
次に、0〜9モル/Lの範囲の濃度の硫酸に、10質量%の濃度となるように食塩を加え、食塩と硫酸との混合溶液を調製した。
[Experimental Example 1]
Next, sodium chloride was added to sulfuric acid having a concentration in the range of 0 to 9 mol / L so as to obtain a concentration of 10% by mass to prepare a mixed solution of sodium chloride and sulfuric acid.
次に、銅の精錬で得られた銅スラグ2.0gを室温(15〜30℃)の前記混合溶液100mLに8時間浸漬した後、引き上げ、該銅スラグの質量の増加から含水率を算出した。結果を図2に示す。銅スラグは含水率が高いほどFe等の金属の溶出が起こりやすくなると考えられる。 Next, 2.0 g of copper slag obtained by refining copper was immersed in 100 mL of the above mixed solution at room temperature (15 to 30 ° C.) for 8 hours, then pulled up, and the water content was calculated from the increase in mass of the copper slag. . The results are shown in FIG. It is considered that copper slag has a higher water content and elution of metals such as Fe tends to occur.
図2から、硫酸の濃度が1〜6モル/Lの範囲、特に3モル/Lのときに、前記銅スラグの含水率が高くなり、Fe等の金属の溶出が起こりやすくなるので、溶出したFeが前記混合溶液中のCl−と反応して塩化鉄(II)が生成しやすくなると考えられる。 From FIG. 2, when the concentration of sulfuric acid is in the range of 1 to 6 mol / L, particularly 3 mol / L, the water content of the copper slag is increased, and elution of metals such as Fe is likely to occur. It is thought that Fe reacts with Cl − in the mixed solution to easily produce iron (II) chloride.
尚、Feは一般に希硫酸に溶解しやすく、濃硫酸には不動態を形成して不溶化するところから、銅スラグ中のFeは金属Feとよく似た挙動を示すものと考えられる。 In general, Fe is easily dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid and forms a passive state in concentrated sulfuric acid to be insolubilized. Therefore, it is considered that Fe in copper slag behaves very similar to metal Fe.
〔実験例2〕
次に、3モル/Lの硫酸9gと、食塩6gを溶解した水51gとを混合して前記混合溶液を調製した。次に、前記銅スラグ2.0gを室温(18〜28℃)の前記混合溶液60mLに8時間浸漬した後、引き上げる処理を2回行った。各処理後の銅スラグの組成を表1に示す。
[Experimental example 2]
Next, 9 g of 3 mol / L sulfuric acid and 51 g of water in which 6 g of sodium chloride was dissolved were mixed to prepare the mixed solution. Next, 2.0 g of the copper slag was immersed in 60 mL of the mixed solution at room temperature (18 to 28 ° C.) for 8 hours, and then the pulling process was performed twice. Table 1 shows the composition of copper slag after each treatment.
表1から、前記銅スラグは、前記混合溶液により2回処理されることにより、実質的にFeが溶出され、溶出したFeが食塩水中のCl−と反応して塩化鉄(II)が生成する一方、残留物としてシリカゲル(SiO2)が得られることが明らかである。 From Table 1, when the copper slag is treated twice with the mixed solution, Fe is substantially eluted, and the eluted Fe reacts with Cl − in saline to produce iron (II) chloride. On the other hand, it is clear that silica gel (SiO 2 ) is obtained as a residue.
〔実験例3〕
次に、3モル/L−硫酸50mLに、0〜35質量%となるように食塩0〜21gを加え、前記混合溶液を調製した。次に、前記銅スラグ2.0gを室温(10〜23℃)の前記各混合溶液60mLに8時間浸漬した後、引き上げ、該銅スラグ中のSiO2とFe2O3との含有量を測定した。結果を図3に示す。
[Experimental Example 3]
Next, 0 to 21 g of sodium chloride was added to 50 mL of 3 mol / L-sulfuric acid so as to be 0 to 35% by mass to prepare the mixed solution. Next, after 2.0 g of the copper slag was immersed in 60 mL of each of the mixed solutions at room temperature (10 to 23 ° C.) for 8 hours, the copper slag was pulled up and the contents of SiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 in the copper slag were measured. did. The results are shown in FIG.
図3から、塩化ナトリウムを全く含まない前記混合溶液によれば、銅スラグ中に2.23質量%のFe2O3が残留しているが、該混合溶液中の塩化ナトリウムの含有量が増加するに従って、該銅スラグ中のFe2O3の含有量が低下することが明らかである。 From FIG. 3, according to the mixed solution containing no sodium chloride, 2.23 mass% Fe 2 O 3 remains in the copper slag, but the content of sodium chloride in the mixed solution increases. It is clear that the content of Fe 2 O 3 in the copper slag decreases as the process proceeds.
前記銅スラグ中のFe2O3の含有量の低下は、溶出するFeが増加することを意味しており、溶出したFeが食塩水中のCl−と反応してより多くの塩化鉄(II)が生成することがわかる。 The decrease in the content of Fe 2 O 3 in the copper slag means that the eluted Fe increases, and the eluted Fe reacts with Cl − in the saline solution so that more iron (II) chloride. It can be seen that
〔実験例4〕
次に、本実施形態で得られた塩化鉄(III)の2.0質量%溶液5.0mLを、銅の精錬で得られた廃水(pH11、30mg/Lのヒ素(As)を含む)100mLに添加し、水酸化鉄の沈殿を生成させた。
[Experimental Example 4]
Next, 5.0 mL of a 2.0 mass% solution of iron (III) chloride obtained in this embodiment is added to 100 mL of waste water (pH 11, containing 30 mg / L arsenic (As)) obtained by refining copper. To produce a precipitate of iron hydroxide.
前記水酸化鉄の沈殿生成後、上澄み中に含まれるAsの濃度を測定したところ、0.03mg/Lであり、排水基準を満たしていることが確認された。 After the precipitation of iron hydroxide, the concentration of As contained in the supernatant was measured. As a result, it was 0.03 mg / L, and it was confirmed that the drainage standard was satisfied.
このことから、廃水中のAsは前記水酸化鉄と共に沈殿しており、本実施形態で得られた塩化鉄(III)は廃水中のAsの凝集剤として作用するものと考えられる。 From this, it is considered that As in the wastewater is precipitated together with the iron hydroxide, and the iron (III) chloride obtained in this embodiment acts as a flocculant for As in the wastewater.
1…銅精鉱、 2…融剤、 3…酸素富化空気、 5…マット、 6…亜硫酸ガス、 7…銅スラグ、 17…塩化物イオン水溶液、 18…シリカゲル、 19…塩化鉄(II)。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Copper concentrate, 2 ... Flux, 3 ... Oxygen-enriched air, 5 ... Matt, 6 ... Sulfurous acid gas, 7 ... Copper slag, 17 ... Chloride ion aqueous solution, 18 ... Silica gel, 19 ... Iron chloride (II) .
Claims (7)
該銅スラグを塩化物イオンを含む水溶液及び硫酸で処理して塩化鉄(II)及びシリカゲルを生成させることを特徴とする銅スラグの処理方法。 Copper concentrate is treated with a furnace selected from the group consisting of a blast furnace, a reflection furnace, an electric furnace, and a self-melting furnace together with a flux and oxygen-enriched air to enrich the copper content of the copper concentrate. A method for treating copper slag obtained with sulfurous acid gas in a smelting process for producing a mat,
A method for treating copper slag, wherein the copper slag is treated with an aqueous solution containing chloride ions and sulfuric acid to produce iron (II) chloride and silica gel.
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