JP5807547B2 - 半透膜およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
半透膜およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5807547B2 JP5807547B2 JP2011504070A JP2011504070A JP5807547B2 JP 5807547 B2 JP5807547 B2 JP 5807547B2 JP 2011504070 A JP2011504070 A JP 2011504070A JP 2011504070 A JP2011504070 A JP 2011504070A JP 5807547 B2 JP5807547 B2 JP 5807547B2
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- semipermeable membrane
- membrane
- functional layer
- separation functional
- compound
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 331
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 152
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- -1 aromatic azo compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000001989 diazonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006149 azo coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 60
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
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- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 37
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 21
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
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- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- MCTQNEBFZMBRSQ-GEEYTBSJSA-N Chrysoidine Chemical compound Cl.NC1=CC(N)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1 MCTQNEBFZMBRSQ-GEEYTBSJSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 6
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(N)=C1 RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012070 reactive reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC(C(Cl)=O)=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NSMWYRLQHIXVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNC(C)CN1 NSMWYRLQHIXVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical group [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phloroglucinol Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)C1=C(O)C=C(O)C=C1O JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001413 acetanilide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IMUDHTPIFIBORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylpiperazine Chemical compound NCCN1CCNCC1 IMUDHTPIFIBORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
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- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1N SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCC(C(O)=O)C1 XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1 WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004914 cyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazynium Chemical compound [NH+]#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012971 dimethylpiperazine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005677 ethinylene group Chemical group [*:2]C#C[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaempferol Natural products OC1=C(C(=O)c2cc(O)cc(O)c2O1)c3ccc(O)cc3 MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940117954 naringenin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WGEYAGZBLYNDFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naringenin Natural products C1(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2OC(C1)C1=CC=C(CC1)O WGEYAGZBLYNDFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007625 naringenin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000001119 neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007823 neuropathy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
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- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000033808 peripheral neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BCIIMDOZSUCSEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-4-amine Chemical compound NC1CCNCC1 BCIIMDOZSUCSEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004585 polycyclic heterocycle group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960001285 quercetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000005875 quercetin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
- B01D67/00931—Chemical modification by introduction of specific groups after membrane formation, e.g. by grafting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0006—Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/82—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74 characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/30—Cross-linking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/20—Specific permeability or cut-off range
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/22—Compounds containing nitrogen bound to another nitrogen atom
- C08K5/23—Azo-compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Description
または、
(B)微多孔性支持膜上に多官能芳香族アミンと多官能酸ハロゲン化物との重縮合反応によるポリアミド分離機能層を形成してなる複合半透膜の製造方法であって、該半透膜の分離機能層のアミンを2.0重量%以下の範囲で保持させる工程を有し、その後に、第一級芳香族アミノ基と反応してジアゾニウム塩またはその誘導体を生成する化合物を含む溶液に該半透膜を接触させる改質処理工程Aを有し、さらにその後に、ジアゾニウム塩と反応してジアゾカップリング反応を誘導する化合物を含む溶液に該半透膜を接触させる改質処理工程Bおよび還元剤を含む溶液に該半透膜を接触させる改質処理工程Cを有する複合半透膜の製造方法。
Js=P(Cm−Cp)+(1−σ)C・Jv (2)
ここで、Jvは膜透過体積流束(m3/m2/sec)、Lpは純水透過係数(m3/m2/sec/Pa)、ΔPは膜両側の圧力差(Pa)、σは溶質反射係数、Δπは膜両側の浸透圧差(Pa)、Jsは溶質の膜透過流束(mol/m2/sec)、Pは溶質の透過係数(m/sec)、Cmは溶質の膜面濃度(mol/m3)、Cpは透過液濃度(mol/m3)、Cは膜両側の濃度(mol/m3)、である。膜両側の平均濃度Cは、逆浸透膜のように両側の濃度差が非常に大きな場合には実質的な意味を持たない。そこで(2)式を膜厚について積分した次式がよく用いられる。
ただし、Fは次式で定義され、
F=exp{−(1−σ)Jv/P} (4)
Rは真の除去率で、次式で定義される。
ΔPを種々変化させることにより(1)式からLpを算出でき、またJvを種々変化させてRを測定し、Rと1/Jvをプロットしたものに対して(3)式、(4)式をカーブフィッティングすることにより、Pとσを同時に求めることができる。
(脱塩率)
半透膜に、温度25℃、pH6.5に調整した海水(TDS濃度3.5%、ホウ素濃度約5ppm)を操作圧力5.5MPaで供給するときの透過水塩濃度を測定することにより、次の式から求めた。
(膜透過流束)
供給水として海水を使用し、膜面1平方メートル当たり、1日の透水量(立方メートル)から膜透過流束(m3/m2/day)を求めた。
(ホウ素除去率)
供給水と透過水のホウ素濃度をICP発光分析装置で分析し、次の式から求めた。
(分離機能層黄色度)
基材を剥離した半透膜を分離機能層面が下になるようにガラス板に乗せてから、ジクロロメタンで微多孔性支持膜を溶解・除去した。ガラス板上に残る分離機能層試料をカラーメーターで透過測定し、黄色度を求めた。
(半透膜のうち基材を除いた部分の多官能アミン含有率)
半透膜を10×10cm切り出して、基材を剥離し、ポリスルホンからなるキャスト形成物と分離機能層の混合物を得た。これを、エタノール50gに8時間浸漬し、エタノールに抽出された成分をクロマトグラフィーおよび質量分析装置で測定した。次いで、エタノール中から、ポリスルホンからなるキャスト形成物と分離機能層の混合物を取り出し、120℃で2時間加熱して乾燥させ、デシケータ内で室温まで冷却させた後、重量測定を行い、次の式から、半透膜のうち基材を除いた部分の多官能アミン含有率を求めた。
(半透膜のうち基材を除いた部分のアゾ化合物含有率)
半透膜を10×10cm切り出して、基材を剥離し、ポリスルホンからなるキャスト形成物と分離機能層の混合物を得た。これを、エタノール50gに8時間浸漬し、エタノールに抽出された成分を紫外・可視・近赤外分光光度計にて分析した。次いで、エタノール中から、ポリスルホンからなるキャスト形成物と分離機能層の混合物を取り出し、120℃で2時間加熱して乾燥させ、デシケータ内で室温まで冷却させた後、重量測定を行った。エタノールに抽出された成分の450nmにおける吸光度と、基準物質であるクリソイジンの波長450nmにおける吸光度の検量線と、乾燥膜重量から、次の式により、半透膜のうち基材を除いた部分のアゾ化合物含有率を求めた。
これらの膜性能を相対的に評価するために、本実施例においては透過水量比と除去率比を用いて性能比較を行った。透過水量比と除去率比は具体的には次式によって求めた。
除去率比=(100−実施例および各比較例の除去率)/(100−参考例の除去率)
透過水量比は、未処理の複合半透膜に各処理を行った時の透過水量変化を比で表したもので、透過水量比が1以上を示すと透過水量が増加していることを表す。除去率比は、未処理の複合半透膜に各処理を行った時の除去率変化を比で表したもので、除去率比が1以下を示すと除去率が増加していることを表す。
(ベンゼン環の数に対するアゾ基の数の割合)
複合半透膜を900cm2切り出して、支持体の一部である基材(ポリエステル繊維からなるタフタや不織布)を剥がし、これを塩化メチレン2Lに溶解した後ろ過を行なってポリアミド分離機能層を得る。このポリアミド分離機能層を乾燥後密封容器に採取し、固体NMR装置(Chemagnetics社 CMX-300)にて以下の条件で測定を行なった。
温度:室温(〜22℃)
化学シフト基準:Siゴム(内部標準:1.56ppm)
観測周波数:13C:75.4976MHz
プローブ:7.5mmφCP/MAS用プローブ
観測幅:30.03kHz
パルス幅:90°パルス:4.5μs
パルス繰り返し時間:ACQTM=0.0341sec、
PD=5s(CP/MAS)、300s(DD/MAS)
パルスモード:CP/MAS法、DD/MAS法
コンタクトタイム:2ms
試料回転速度:6kHz
データ点:POINT=8192、SAMPO=1024
ポリアミド機能層については、1024ポイントを測定データとして取り込み、8192ポイントにゼロフィリングしてフーリエ変換する。フーリエ変換後のスペクトルの各ピークについてローレンツ波形及びガウス波形或いは両者の混合により作成したピーク形状の中心位置、高さ、半値幅を可変パラメータとして、非線形最小二乗法により最適化計算を行なう。
(参考例A)
ポリエステル繊維からなる不織布(通気度0.5〜1cc/cm2/sec)上にポリスルホンの15.0重量%ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)溶液を180μmの厚みで室温(25℃)でキャストし、ただちに純水中に浸漬して5分間放置することによって繊維補強ポリスルホン支持膜からなる微多孔性支持膜(厚さ150〜160μm)を作製した。
(参考例B)
多孔性支持膜である布帛補強ポリスルホン支持膜(限外濾過膜)は、次の手法により製造した。すなわち、単糸繊度0.5および1.5デシテックスのポリエステル繊維の混繊で、通気度0.7cm3/cm2/sec、平均孔径7μm以下であって、縦30cm、横20cmの大きさの湿式不織布をガラス板上に固定し、その上に、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)溶媒のポリスルホン濃度15重量%の溶液(2.5ポアズ:20℃)を、総厚さ200μmになるようにキャストし、直ちに水に浸積してポリスルホンの多孔性支持膜を得た。
(実施例1および2〜12、比較例1、2)
参考例Aで得られた半透膜を、硫酸によりpH3に調整した0.2重量%の亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液により室温(20℃)で処理した。ここで、生成反応する亜硝酸の濃度は、存在する亜硝酸塩が亜硝酸に転化するものとして決定できる。処理時間は1分で、半透膜を亜硝酸水溶液から取り除いた後、20℃の水に2分間浸漬したところ半透膜は白色から褐色に変化した。
(実施例13)
参考例Aで得られた半透膜を、硫酸によりpH3に調整した0.2重量%の亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液により室温(20℃)で1分間処理した。半透膜を亜硝酸水溶液から取り除いた後、0.1重量%の亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液に浸漬し、室温にて保存したところ半透膜は白色から褐色に変化した。この半透膜の分離機能層の黄色度は15.1、半透膜のうち基材を除いた部分のアゾ化合物含有率は0.081重量%であった。半透膜の膜性能評価を行ったところ、塩除去率が99.85%、膜透過流束は0.83m3/m2/day、ホウ素除去率は94.7%であり、溶質除去率、膜透過流束のいずれも向上した。
(比較例3)
参考例Aで得られた半透膜を、0.1重量%のクリソイジン溶液(アゾ染料)に2分間浸漬した。この半透膜の分離機能層の黄色度は9.0、亜硝酸処理後処理後の半透膜のうち基材を除いた部分のアゾ化合物含有率は0.038重量%であった。半透膜の膜性能評価を行ったところ、塩除去率が99.60%、膜透過流束は0.70m3/m2/day、ホウ素除去率は90.7%であり、クリソイジン溶液に浸漬しない条件(参考例A)とほぼ同等であった。
(比較例4)
参考例Aで得られた、半透膜を、pH7に調整した0.02重量%の次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液により室温(20℃)で処理した。処理時間は1分で、半透膜を次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液から取り除いた後、水洗した。この半透膜の分離機能層の黄色度は7.2であり、分離機能層内にアゾ化合物は検出されなかった。この半透膜の膜性能評価を行ったところ、塩除去率が99.80%、膜透過流束は0.98m3/m2/day、ホウ素除去率は89.2%であった。
(実施例14)
参考例Bの複合半透膜を、硫酸によりpHを3に調整した2750mg/Lの亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液に35℃で45秒浸漬した(改質処理工程A)。その後、0.001重量%メタフェニレンジアミンと0.1重量%亜硫酸ナトリウムの混合溶液に2分間浸漬した(改質処理工程B+C)膜性能と、ベンゼン環の数に対するアゾ基の数の割合と、アゾ化合物の含有率を表2に、1.0重量%の過酸化水素水溶液に5日間浸漬した膜性能と過酸化水素水溶液浸漬前の膜性能との除去率比、透水量比を表3に示す。
(実施例15)
改質処理工程(B+C)において、メタフェニレンジアミンの濃度を0.002重量%にした以外は、実施例14と同様に複合半透膜を作製した。膜性能と、ベンゼン環の数に対するアゾ基の数の割合と、アゾ化合物の含有率を表2に示す。
(実施例16)
改質処理工程(B+C)において、メタフェニレンジアミンの濃度を0.01重量%にした以外は、実施例14と同様に複合半透膜を作製した。膜性能と、ベンゼン環の数に対するアゾ基の数の割合と、アゾ化合物の含有率を表2に示す。
(比較例5)
参考例14の複合半透膜を、0.1重量%クリソイジン水溶液に1時間浸漬した膜性能と、ベンゼン環の数に対するアゾ基の数の割合と、アゾ化合物の含有率を表2に示す。
(比較例6)
参考例14の複合半透膜を、硫酸によりpHを3に調整した2750mg/Lの亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液に35℃で45秒浸漬した(改質処理工程A)。その後、0.1重量%亜硫酸ナトリウムの混合溶液に2分間浸漬した(改質処理工程C)膜性能と、ベンゼン環の数に対するアゾ基の数の割合と、アゾ化合物の含有率を表2に示す。
(比較例7)
実施例14において、改質処理工程(B+C)の、メタフェニレンジアミンの濃度を0.0002重量%にした以外は同様に複合半透膜を作製した。膜性能と、ベンゼン環の数に対するアゾ基の数の割合と、アゾ化合物の含有率を表2に示す。
(比較例8)
実施例14において、改質処理工程(B+C)の、メタフェニレンジアミンの濃度を0.05重量%にした以外は同様に複合半透膜を作製した。膜性能と、ベンゼン環の数に対するアゾ基の数の割合と、アゾ化合物の含有率を表2に、1.0重量%の過酸化水素水溶液に5日間浸漬した膜性能と過酸化水素水溶液浸漬前の膜性能との除去率比、透水量比を表3に示す。
(比較例9)
実施例14において、改質処理工程(B+C)の、メタフェニレンジアミンの濃度を0.1重量%にした以外は同様に複合半透膜を作製した。膜性能と、ベンゼン環の数に対するアゾ基の数の割合と、アゾ化合物の含有率を表2に併せて示す。
Claims (4)
- 少なくとも基材と、前記基材上に形成された微多孔性支持膜と、前記微多孔性支持膜上に、多官能芳香族アミンと多官能酸ハロゲン化物との重縮合反応により形成されたポリアミド分離機能層と、を備える複合半透膜であって、
芳香族アゾ化合物が複合半透膜のうち基材を除いた部分に0.05重量%以上0.5重量%以下の範囲で保持されており、該分離機能層の黄色度が10以上40以下である複合半透膜。 - 前記芳香族アゾ化合物が、前記複合半透膜のうち基材を除いた部分に、0.065重量%以上0.351重量%以下の範囲で保持されている
請求項1に記載の半透膜。 - 少なくとも分離機能層を有する半透膜の製造方法であって、メタフェニレンジアミン溶質透過係数が5.0×10−7〜1.0×10−7cm/secの範囲内の半透膜を形成する工程の後に、該半透膜の分離機能層のアミンを0.5重量%以上2.0重量%以下の範囲で保持させる工程を有し、さらにその後に、第一級芳香族アミノ基と反応してジアゾニウム塩またはその誘導体を生成する化合物を含む溶液に該半透膜を接触させる改質処理工程Aを有する半透膜の製造方法。
- 微多孔性支持膜上に多官能芳香族アミンと多官能酸ハロゲン化物との重縮合反応によるポリアミド分離機能層を形成してなる複合半透膜の製造方法であって、該半透膜の分離機能層のアミンを2.0重量%以下の範囲で保持させる工程を有し、その後に、第一級芳香族アミノ基と反応してジアゾニウム塩またはその誘導体を生成する化合物を含む溶液に該半透膜を接触させる改質処理工程Aを有し、さらにその後に、ジアゾ二ウム塩と反応してジアゾカップリング反応を誘導する化合物を含む溶液に該半透膜を接触させる改質処理工程Bおよび還元剤を含む溶液に該半透膜を接触させる改質処理工程Cを有する複合半透膜の製造方法。
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| WO2013047398A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜 |
| US20170136422A1 (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-05-18 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Composite semipermeable membrane |
-
2010
- 2010-12-20 SG SG2012042354A patent/SG181591A1/en unknown
- 2010-12-20 KR KR1020177024391A patent/KR101876694B1/ko active Active
- 2010-12-20 US US13/508,693 patent/US9486745B2/en active Active
- 2010-12-20 JP JP2011504070A patent/JP5807547B2/ja active Active
- 2010-12-20 EP EP10839361.2A patent/EP2517783B1/en active Active
- 2010-12-20 KR KR1020127016062A patent/KR20120123281A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2010-12-20 CN CN201080058968XA patent/CN102665883A/zh active Pending
- 2010-12-20 AU AU2010336627A patent/AU2010336627A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-12-20 WO PCT/JP2010/072924 patent/WO2011078131A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63175604A (ja) * | 1987-01-15 | 1988-07-20 | フイルムテク コーポレーシヨン | 逆浸透膜 |
| JP2005186059A (ja) * | 2003-12-03 | 2005-07-14 | Toray Ind Inc | 半透膜の処理方法ならびに改質半透膜およびその製造方法 |
| JP2007090192A (ja) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-04-12 | Toray Ind Inc | 複合半透膜の処理方法および製造方法 |
| JP2009255075A (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-11-05 | Toray Ind Inc | 複合半透膜の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2517783A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
| CN102665883A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
| KR20170102578A (ko) | 2017-09-11 |
| JPWO2011078131A1 (ja) | 2013-05-09 |
| KR20120123281A (ko) | 2012-11-08 |
| KR101876694B1 (ko) | 2018-07-09 |
| WO2011078131A1 (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
| US20120261332A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
| US9486745B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 |
| EP2517783A4 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
| EP2517783B1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
| SG181591A1 (en) | 2012-07-30 |
| AU2010336627A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
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