JP5620059B2 - 金属酸化物ナノ粒子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
金属酸化物ナノ粒子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5620059B2 JP5620059B2 JP2008515909A JP2008515909A JP5620059B2 JP 5620059 B2 JP5620059 B2 JP 5620059B2 JP 2008515909 A JP2008515909 A JP 2008515909A JP 2008515909 A JP2008515909 A JP 2008515909A JP 5620059 B2 JP5620059 B2 JP 5620059B2
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Description
この出願は、ここで参照することによりその内容を本明細書に記載したものとする、2005年6月8日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/688,617号の優先権を主張するものである。
本例で使用したトーチシステムは、図4に示されている。液体の前駆体の場合、供給系に変更を導入した。ミストを発生させ、次いでそのミストをキャリヤーガスを介してトーチ中に掃引するために超音波浴を使用した。一般的に、アルゴンプラズマガスの流量を2.5slpmとして、900Wのマイクロ波電力を使用した。エアロゾルキャリヤーガスとしてアルゴンと酸素の組み合わせを、0.52slpm(Ar)及び5〜6slpm(O2)で使用した。記載したようないくつかの場合では、500Wを使用し、かつ/又はキャリヤーガスとして純粋なアルゴンを使用した。
異なる前駆体ルートを使用した。1つの場合には乾燥粉末エアロゾルを使用し、もう1つの場合には溶解塩を含有する水溶液をトーチ内を直接的に通過させた。本例で報告するすべての場合において、アルミニウム/セリウムのモル比は、1:1であった。
いくつかの場合では、トーチで生成された粒子を、チューブ型の炉で、高められた温度(800℃又は900℃)の流動ガス混合物(ヘリウム中で7%の水素、還元性条件)中で2〜10時間にわたって処理した。
生成物及び前駆体の両方を、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM、5200Hitachi)、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM、JEOL2010)及びフィリップス(Philips)2θX線回折計を使用して分析した。
この方法を使用して製造された試料では、3種類の別々のタイプの構造が認められた:平滑な表面をもった中実でミクロンサイズ(約10μm)の球体(図7を参照)、中空のミクロンサイズの球体(約20容量%)、及びナノ粒子からなっていて、少し大きな(ほぼ>100μmの)不規則に成形された凝集物(約5容量%)。中空の球体の存在は、標準的なエアロゾル法を使用して製造される粒子に見られる構造を彷彿させるものでるが、この凝集物の構造は、本方法に独特なものであると理解される。また、興味のあることには、中空の球体は数ミクロンであるけれども、シェルの厚さは、ほんの0.5μmのオーダーである(図8を参照)と観察されることである。
この前駆体ルートでは、ナノスケールの粒子からなる中空で凝集したもののみが認められた。方法Bで観察されたような、平滑な表面をもったミクロンサイズの固体粒子は存在しなかった。また、球形粒子の大半は、ナノスケールの粒子で装飾されていた(図9)。実際に、生成物の大部分(約70容量%)は、ナノスケールの凝集物であると思われる。もう1つの大きな相異点は、この方法を使用したときに認められる組成の一様性である。実際に、粒子のいずれにおいても、全体的な組成において認めうる程度の差異は存在していなかった。
方法B及びDを使用した試料を、800℃又は900℃のいずれか一方の温度の還元性雰囲気中で10時間までの時間で処理した。800℃の処理のとき、明確な効果はほとんど存在しなかった。しかしながら、方法Dを使用して900℃で製造した材料を2時間にわたって処理したとき、XRD測定に基いて、材料のかなりの割合がペロブスカイト相に転化した。900℃でさらなる時間の処理を行ったけれども、相の相対的な濃度に対する影響は僅かしかなかった(図12を参照)。方法Dを使用して製造した試料の表面積の測定を、900℃の処理を介してペロブスカイトに部分的に転化した後に行ったところ、ほんの10±1m2/gまでの表面積の顕著な低下を示した。SEMの研究は、材料がペロブスカイト相に転化する間にナノ粒子の成長があり、凝集が発生する(図13を参照)というこの説明と一致している。
Claims (30)
- 下記の工程:
a)マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ケイ素、チタン、鉄、銅、亜鉛、イットリウム、ジルコニウム、ランタン、セリウム、プラセオジム、ネオジム又はジスプロジウムの塩類からなる群から選ばれ、前記塩類が硝酸塩又は酢酸塩を含み、かつ100nm〜5mmの粒径を有している乾燥粉末である、少なくとも2種類の前駆体金属塩材料を提供すること、
b)前記少なくとも2種類の前駆体金属塩材料をプラズマトーチ内を通過させて気化材料を形成すること、及び
c)前記気化材料を凝縮させて金属酸化物ナノ粒子を形成すること
を含んでなる、中実構造、中空構造、コア−シェル構造又はまだら模様の表面を有する構造を包含する金属酸化物ナノ粒子を製造する方法。 - 前記乾燥粉末は、沈殿せしめられた金属前駆体の塩類の溶液から、乾燥粉末を形成するための乾燥及び粉砕を引き続いて行うことによって形成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液は、溶剤に溶解した前記金属前駆体の塩類を包含する液体であり、そして前記溶剤は、水、有機非極性液体、有機極性液体、エーテル及び酸からなる群から選ばれる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記金属前駆体塩材料はキャリヤーガス中に分散せしめられる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリヤーガスは、希ガス、酸素及び窒素又はその混合物からなる群から選ばれる、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリヤーガスは、1cm3/分〜10L/分の流量を有している、請求項4に記載の方法。
- DC放電、高周波エネルギー又はマイクロ波エネルギーを使用してプラズマを発生させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 200〜100,000Wの電力を使用してプラズマを発生させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記プラズマトーチは3000℃よりも高い温度を有している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子を高められた温度で還元性雰囲気に暴露してペロブスカイト材料を形成する工程を包含する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子を所望のサイズに分離する工程を包含する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子は、1〜500m2/gの表面積を有している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体金属塩材料は、アルミニウムの塩及びセリウムの塩を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 形成される粒子は、アルミニウム酸化物のシェルによって取り囲まれたセリウム酸化物のコアを有している、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 形成される粒子は、セリウム酸化物及びアルミニウム酸化物のまだら模様の表面を有している、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体金属塩材料は、アルミニウムの塩、セリウムの塩及びジルコニウムの塩を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 形成されるナノ粒子は、アルミニウム酸化物のシェルによって取り囲まれたセリウム及びジルコニウム酸化物のコアを有している、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体金属塩材料は、アルミニウムの塩及びチタンの塩を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 形成されるナノ粒子は、アルミニウム酸化物のシェルによって取り囲まれたチタン酸化物のコアを有している、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体金属塩材料は、セリウムの塩及びジルコニウムの塩を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 形成されるナノ粒子は、セリウム及びジルコニウム酸化物の中実構造を有している、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体金属塩材料は、セリウムの塩及びチタンの塩を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 形成されるナノ粒子は、セリウム及びチタン酸化物の中実構造を有している、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体金属塩材料は、ジルコニウムの塩及びアルミニウムの塩を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 形成されるナノ粒子は、ジルコニウム及びアルミニウム酸化物の中実構造を有している、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法で製造されたものであって、少なくとも2種類の金属のコア及びシェル構造を有している金属酸化物ナノ粒子。
- ナノ粒子は、アルミニウム酸化物のシェルによって取り囲まれたセリウム酸化物のコアを有している、請求項26に記載の金属酸化物ナノ粒子。
- ナノ粒子は、アルミニウム酸化物のシェルによって取り囲まれたセリウム酸化物及びジルコニウム酸化物のコアを有している、請求項26に記載の金属酸化物ナノ粒子。
- ナノ粒子は、アルミニウム酸化物のシェルによって取り囲まれたチタン酸化物のコアを有している、請求項26に記載の金属酸化物ナノ粒子。
- 請求項1に記載の方法で製造されたものであって、セリウム酸化物及びアルミニウム酸化物のまだら模様の表面を有している金属酸化物粒子。
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| US68861705P | 2005-06-08 | 2005-06-08 | |
| US60/688,617 | 2005-06-08 | ||
| PCT/US2006/022245 WO2006133347A2 (en) | 2005-06-08 | 2006-06-08 | Metal oxide nanoparticles and process for producing the same |
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| JP2004210570A (ja) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-29 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 日射遮蔽用In4Sn3O12複合酸化物微粒子の製造方法および日射遮蔽用In4Sn3O12複合酸化物微粒子 |
| JP4462828B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-20 | 2010-05-12 | 弌倫 木島 | チタン含有酸化物超微粒子の製造方法、及びチタン含有酸化物微粒子 |
| US20050025695A1 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2005-02-03 | Bhabendra Pradhan | Catalyst and process to produce nanocarbon materials in high yield and at high selectivity at reduced reaction temperatures |
| US20050119398A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 | 2005-06-02 | Lu Zhang | Plasma synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles |
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2006
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- 2006-06-08 CN CNA2006800260040A patent/CN101426610A/zh active Pending
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| US7629553B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 |
| EP1896215A2 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
| EP1896215B1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
| US20070075052A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
| WO2006133347A2 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
| JP2009509897A (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
| CN104973577A (zh) | 2015-10-14 |
| EP1896215A4 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| WO2006133347A3 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
| CN101426610A (zh) | 2009-05-06 |
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