JP5360660B2 - 生体親和性インプラントの製造方法 - Google Patents
生体親和性インプラントの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5360660B2 JP5360660B2 JP2009515228A JP2009515228A JP5360660B2 JP 5360660 B2 JP5360660 B2 JP 5360660B2 JP 2009515228 A JP2009515228 A JP 2009515228A JP 2009515228 A JP2009515228 A JP 2009515228A JP 5360660 B2 JP5360660 B2 JP 5360660B2
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- titanium
- titanium oxide
- oxide film
- apatite
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- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 129
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 109
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 56
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 56
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 49
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 13
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
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- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 10
- -1 titanium alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010280 TiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003089 Ti–OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical class [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008468 bone growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005385 borate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/306—Other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L27/303 - A61L27/32
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
- A61L27/06—Titanium or titanium alloys
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Description
R1 nTi(OR2)4−n (1)
(式中、R1は同一でも異なっていてもよく炭素数1〜30の有機基であり、R2は同一でも異なっていてもよく炭素数1〜9のアルキル基を持つ有機基であり、nは0〜2の整数である。)
酸化チタン皮膜の膜厚は、試片の断面を、日本電子株式会社製走査型電子顕微鏡「JSM−6300」(20kV、300mA)で観察することによって得られたものである。なお、400℃以下で熱処理した試片については、上記方法で観察することが困難であったために、酸化チタンの屈折率を考慮し、干渉色から大まかな厚みを得て、いずれも30nm未満であることを確認した。
協和界面科学株式会社製自動接触角計「CA−V」を使用し、液滴法により蒸留水に対する静的接触角を測定した。1μlの蒸留水を試料表面に滴下し、着滴した後に自動で静的接触角を測定、算出した。ここで、算出に際してはθ/2法を採用し、液滴(の断面)が球(円)の一部であると仮定して、幾何の定理に従い、静的接触角θを算出した。画像処理によって液滴の直径(2r)と高さ(h)を求め、下記式に従ってθを求めた。ここでθ*は、液滴の頂点と液滴表面が試料基板に接触する点とを結ぶ直線が基板となす角度である。
tanθ*=h/r
θ=2×θ*
株式会社リガク製X線回折装置「RINT2000」に、(株)リガク製薄膜アタッチメント(回転試料台)を装着して測定した。入射角1°に固定した薄膜アタッチメントを取り付けたX線回折装置(ターゲットCuKα1:1.5406Å)で、出力40kV、200mAの条件で測定を行った。測定範囲は、2θ角で20〜50°とした。
片面鏡面研磨された金属チタン試片(有限会社山本理化製:10×10×2mm)を、大気中において100〜800℃で1時間熱処理した後、紫外線を1時間照射した。ここで、用いた紫外線照射装置は、セン特殊光源株式会社製「HLR100T−2」であり、ランプ電源116V、ランプ電流0.92Aの高圧水銀ランプを備えたものである。光源から20cmの位置にサンプルを配置して照射した。この位置における照度は、365nmを中心波長として約50nmの幅で感度を有するセン特殊光源株式会社製照度計「25・36−3」で測定したところ140mW/cm2であった。したがって、1時間の照射線量は504J/cm2であった。こうして紫外線照射した試片と紫外線を照射しなかった試片とを、擬似体液に36.5℃で7日間浸漬した。擬似体液は、ヒトの体液とほぼ等しい無機イオン濃度を有する液であり、そのイオン濃度は、Na+が142.0mM(ミリモル/リットル)、K+が5.0mM、Mg2+が1.5mM、Ca2+が2.5mM、Cl−が147.8mM、HCO3 −が4.2mM、HPO4 2−が1.0mM、SO4 2−が0.5mMであり、36.5℃におけるpHは7.4である。
片面鏡面研磨された金属チタン試片(有限会社山本理化製:10×10×2mm)及び片面鏡面研磨されたSUS316Lステンレス鋼(有限会社山本理化製:10×10×2mm)を基板として用いた。アセトン中で5分間の超音波洗浄を3回行い、基板を洗浄した。Ti(OC2H5)4:C2H5OH:H2O:HNO3=1:50:2:0.2(モル濃度比)のゾル溶液を調製し、引き上げ速度6cm/分で、前記基板上にゾル溶液をコーティングした後、乾燥し、500℃で10分間熱処理した。この操作を5回繰り返し、酸化チタン皮膜が表面に形成された試片を得た。得られた酸化チタン皮膜に、実施例1と同様に紫外線を照射した。こうして紫外線照射した試片と紫外線を照射しなかった試片とを、実施例1と同様に擬似体液に浸漬した。
Claims (4)
- チタン金属又はチタン合金からなる基材を酸化可能気体中420〜790℃で熱処理することによってその表面に厚さが30〜1500nmの酸化チタン皮膜を形成してから、該酸化チタン皮膜に紫外線を照射することを特徴とする生体親和性インプラントの製造方法。
- 250〜420nmの波長の紫外線の照射量が1J/cm2以上である請求項1記載の生体親和性インプラントの製造方法。
- 水に対する静的接触角が5度以下である請求項1又は2記載の生体親和性インプラントの製造方法。
- 前記酸化チタン皮膜がルチル型結晶を含む請求項1〜3のいずれか記載の生体親和性インプラントの製造方法。
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| JP2009515228A JP5360660B2 (ja) | 2007-05-18 | 2008-05-19 | 生体親和性インプラントの製造方法 |
| PCT/JP2008/059149 WO2008143219A1 (ja) | 2007-05-18 | 2008-05-19 | 生体親和性インプラントの製造方法 |
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| EP (1) | EP2156851B1 (ja) |
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| KR101196171B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-11-01 | 오스템임플란트 주식회사 | 골형성 증진 효과가 있는 친수성 표면을 가진 치과용 임플란트의 제조방법 |
| JP2013147439A (ja) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-08-01 | Nagoya Institute Of Technology | チタン合金への白色コーティング方法 |
| WO2014090949A1 (de) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-19 | Sigmarc Gmbh | Medizinprodukte mit thermisch oxidierter metalloberfläche für den temporären oder permanenten verbleib im menschlichen körper |
| RU2630578C1 (ru) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-09-11 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет" | Способ модифицирования поверхности титановых имплантатов |
| RU2677271C1 (ru) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-01-16 | Игорь Николаевич Колганов | Способ изготовления микро-наноструктурированного пористого слоя на поверхности титановых имплантатов |
| RU2687792C1 (ru) * | 2018-05-07 | 2019-05-16 | Сергей Вячеславович Купряхин | Способ изготовления внутрикостного имплантата |
| CN110559477A (zh) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-12-13 | 赵全明 | 一种医用钛合金表面含锰羟基磷灰石/二氧化钛生物陶瓷涂层及其制备方法 |
| DE102019004577A1 (de) | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-07 | Karlsruher Institut Für Technologie (Kit) | Nanostruktur und Verfahren zu ihrer Erzeugung |
| JP2022092454A (ja) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-22 | 創生ライフサイエンス株式会社 | 血液適合性医療用チタン材料及び血液適合性医療用チタン材料の製造方法 |
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| WO1995013100A1 (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 1995-05-18 | The Foundation For The Promotion Of Ion Engineering | Bone substitute material and process for producing the same |
| JP2003235954A (ja) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-08-26 | Toshihiro Kasuga | 骨伝導性生体材料及びその製造方法 |
| JP2006075500A (ja) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-23 | Pentax Corp | 生体活性材料及びその製造方法 |
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| JPS6399867A (ja) * | 1986-10-17 | 1988-05-02 | ペルメレツク電極株式会社 | リン酸カルシウム化合物被覆複合材及びその製造方法 |
| AU2002328762B2 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2007-08-23 | Straumann Holding Ag | Osteophilic implants |
| US7744555B2 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2010-06-29 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Implant having a photocatalytic unit |
| ITBO20040653A1 (it) * | 2004-10-22 | 2005-01-22 | Guya Bioscience S R L | Metodo per la preparazione d'impianti endossei con elevata osteointegrazione tramite film sottili superficiali di anatasio |
| WO2007122956A1 (ja) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-11-01 | Toto Ltd. | 酸化チタン複合体粒子、その分散液、およびそれらの製造方法 |
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- 2008-05-19 US US12/600,608 patent/US20100159118A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2008-05-19 WO PCT/JP2008/059149 patent/WO2008143219A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| WO1995013100A1 (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 1995-05-18 | The Foundation For The Promotion Of Ion Engineering | Bone substitute material and process for producing the same |
| JP2003235954A (ja) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-08-26 | Toshihiro Kasuga | 骨伝導性生体材料及びその製造方法 |
| JP2006075500A (ja) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-23 | Pentax Corp | 生体活性材料及びその製造方法 |
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| JPN6013014167; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Vol.35,No.2, 200704, p181-187 * |
| JPN6013014169; Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Vol.54,No.2, 2001, p172-178 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2008143219A1 (ja) | 2010-08-12 |
| EP2156851B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
| EP2156851A4 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
| US20100159118A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
| EP2156851A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
| WO2008143219A1 (ja) | 2008-11-27 |
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