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JP4261075B2 - Carbon fiber bundle - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4261075B2
JP4261075B2 JP2001036121A JP2001036121A JP4261075B2 JP 4261075 B2 JP4261075 B2 JP 4261075B2 JP 2001036121 A JP2001036121 A JP 2001036121A JP 2001036121 A JP2001036121 A JP 2001036121A JP 4261075 B2 JP4261075 B2 JP 4261075B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
fiber bundle
carbon fiber
strength
cloth
carbon
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JP2001036121A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002242027A (en
Inventor
直樹 杉浦
知之 小谷
則仁 真木
勤 大宮司
貴之 小田桐
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、繊維強化複合材料の強化材として使用される炭素繊維束に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
繊維強化複合材料の強化材として、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維等が使用されている。中でも、炭素繊維は、比強度、比弾性率、耐熱性、耐薬品性等に優れ、航空機用途、ゴルフシャフト、釣り竿等のスポーツ用途、一般産業用途の繊維強化複合材料に使用されている。このような繊維強化複合材料は、例えば、以下のようにして製造される。
【0003】
まず、ポリアクリロニトリル系重合体の単繊維を数千から数万本束ねた前駆体繊維束を、耐炎化工程(焼成工程)にて空気などの酸化性気体中、200〜300℃の温度で焼成して耐炎繊維束を得る。次いで、炭素化工程(焼成工程)にて、不活性雰囲気中、300〜2000℃の温度で耐炎繊維束を炭素化して炭素繊維束を得る。そして、この炭素繊維束を、必要に応じてクロス等に加工した後、これに合成樹脂を含浸させ、所定形状に成形することにより繊維強化複合材料を得る。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
炭素繊維束の製造に用いられる前駆体繊維束には、焼成工程において繊維束がばらけて、繊維束を構成する単繊維が隣接する繊維束に絡まったり、ローラに巻き付いたりしないように、高い集束性が要求される。
そのため、集束性の高い前駆体繊維束から得られる炭素繊維束は、生来のその集束性の高さのためばらけ性が悪く、樹脂が含浸しにくいなどの問題を有していた。
【0005】
また、炭素繊維束を製織して得られるクロスは、樹脂を含浸する際に、空気を内包することなく樹脂を均一に含浸できるように、炭素繊維束の幅にむらがなく、かつ単繊維が均一にばらけたような外観品位の高いクロスとする必要がある。
しかしながら、集束性の高い炭素繊維束から得られるクロスは、単繊維が均一にばらけにくく、その結果、クロス品位が劣るという問題を有していた。
【0006】
よって、本発明の目的は、集束性、樹脂含浸性および得られるクロスのクロス品位を同時に満足し、かつ強度が高い炭素繊維束を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の炭素繊維束は、複数の炭素繊維の単繊維からなる炭素繊維束において、単繊維の繊維断面の長径と短径との比(長径/短径)が、1.05〜1.6であり、ICP発光分析法によって測定されるSi量が、50ppm以上であり、単繊維束の表面に単繊維の長手方向に延びる複数の皺を有し、単繊維の円周長さ2μmの範囲で最高部と最低部の高低差が、80nm以上210nm以下であり、JIS L 1013に準拠して測定される引掛強さにおいて、断面積1mm 2 として換算した強さが731N以上であることを特徴とする。
【0008】
また、炭素繊維束のストランド強度は、380kgf/mm2 以上であることが望ましい。
また、炭素繊維束のフックドロップ値は、300mm以下であることが望ましい。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明における炭素繊維束とは、アクリロニトリル系重合体、ピッチ等の単繊維を束ねた前駆体繊維束(トウ)を焼成したもののことである。
本発明の炭素繊維束を構成する単繊維の繊維断面の長径と短径との比(長径/短径)は、1.05〜1.6であり、好ましくは、1.10〜1.4であり、より好ましくは1.15〜1.30である。長径/短径比がこの範囲内にあれば、集束性および樹脂含浸性を同時に満足し、かつ強度が高い炭素繊維束となる。長径/短径比が1.05未満では、単繊維間の空隙が減少し、得られる炭素繊維束の樹脂含浸性が悪くなる。長径/短径比が1.6を超えると、繊維束の集束性が低下するため、炭素繊維束を製造する際の焼成工程通過性が悪化し、炭素繊維束を安定して得ることができなくなる。また、繊維断面が不均一化するため、ストランド強度および引掛強さが低下する。
【0010】
ここで、単繊維の繊維断面の長径と短径との比(長径/短径)は、以下のようにして決定される。
内径1mmの塩化ビニル樹脂製のチューブ内に測定用の炭素繊維束を通した後、これをナイフで輪切りにして試料を準備する。ついで、該試料を繊維断面が上を向くようにしてSEM試料台に接着し、さらにAuを約10nmの厚さにスパッタリングしてから、PHILIPS社製XL20走査型電子顕微鏡により、加速電圧7.00kV、作動距離31mmの条件で繊維断面を観察し、単繊維の繊維断面の長径および短径を測定し、長径÷短径で長径/短径の比率が決定される。
【0011】
本発明の炭素繊維束のSi量は、50ppm以上であり、好ましくは80〜1000ppmの範囲であり、より好ましくは100〜800ppmの範囲である。Si量がこの範囲内にあれば、集束性とクロス品位とを同時に満足し、かつ強度が高い炭素繊維束となる。Si量が50ppm未満では、繊維束の集束性が低下するため、炭素繊維束を製造する際の焼成工程通過性が悪化し、炭素繊維束を安定して得ることができなくなる。また、ストランド強度も低下する。一方、Si量が多くなりすぎると、得られる炭素繊維束がばらけにくくなり、クロス品位(ドレープ性)が悪くなる傾向にある。
【0012】
このSi量は、前駆体繊維束を製造する際に使用されるシリコン系油剤に由来するものである。ここで、Si量は、ICP発光分析装置を用いて測定することができる。測定は以下のように実施される。
試料を風袋既知の白金るつぼに入れ600〜700℃マッフル炉で灰化し、その重量を測定して灰分を求める。次に炭酸ナトリウムを規定量加え、バーナーで溶融し、DI水で溶解しながら50mlポリメスフラスコに定容する。本試料をICP発光分析法によりSiの定量を行う。
【0013】
本発明の炭素繊維束は、単繊維の表面に単繊維の長手方向に延びる複数の皺を有していることが好ましい。このような皺の存在により、炭素繊維束の樹脂含浸性がさらに向上し、これら製織したクロスの外観品位もさらに向上する。
このような皺の深さは、単繊維の円周長さ2μmの範囲で最高部と最低部の高低差によって規定される。高低差は、走査型原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)や走査型トンネル顕微鏡(STM)を用いて単繊維の表面を走査して表面形状を測定することができる。具体的には以下の通りである。
【0014】
炭素繊維の単繊維を数本試料台上にのせ、両端を固定し、さらに周囲にドータイトを塗り測定サンプルとする。原子間力顕微鏡(セイコーインスツルメンツ製、SPI3700/SPA−300)によりシリコンナイトライド製のカンチレバーを使用してAFMモードにて測定を行う。単繊維の2〜7μmの範囲を走査して得られた測定画像を二次元フーリエ変換にて低周波成分をカットしたのち逆変換を行い繊維の曲率を除去する。このようにして得られた平面画像の断面より、皺の深さを定量する。
【0015】
本発明の炭素繊維束における単繊維の表面の皺の深さは、好ましくは80nm以上であり、より好ましくは100nm以上であり、さらに好ましくは150nm以上である。皺の深さが80nm未満では、単繊維間の空隙が減少し、樹脂含浸性が悪くなる。また、単繊維が均一にばらけにくくなり、織布の外観品位が悪化する。一方、皺の深さが深くなりすぎると繊維束の集束性が低下し、炭素繊維束を製造する際の焼成工程通過性が悪化し、炭素繊維束を安定して得ることができなくなる。また、炭素繊維束の表面欠陥が増え、ストランド強度が低下する。さらに、単繊維間の摩擦が増加して、引掛強さが低下する傾向にある。
【0016】
本発明の炭素繊維束のストランド強度は、好ましくは380kgf/mm2 以上であり、より好ましくは400kgf/mm2 以上であり、さらに好ましくは420kgf/mm2 以上である。ストランド強度が380kgf/mm2 未満では、糸切れしやすくなるため、炭素繊維束を製造する際の焼成工程通過性が悪化し、炭素繊維束を安定して得ることができなくなる。また、この炭素繊維束を用いた繊維強化複合材料のコンポジット特性、例えば、繊維の長手方向の曲げ強度(FS0゜)などが低く十分な性能を発現しなくなる。
ここで、ストランド強度は、JIS R 7601に記載された試験法に準拠して測定される。
【0017】
本発明の炭素繊維束の引掛強さは、断面積1mm2 として換算した強さが450N以上であることが望ましい。より好ましくは500N以上であり、さらに好ましくは550N以上である。引掛強さが450N未満では、糸切れしやすくなるため、炭素繊維束を製造する際の焼成工程通過性が悪化し、炭素繊維束を安定して得ることができなくなる。
【0018】
ここで、引掛強さは、JIS−L 1013に記載された試験法に準拠して測定される。以下の測定方法について詳しく説明する。
図1のように、U字状の炭素繊維束1に、炭素繊維束2を引っ掛け、これをU字状にし、これら炭素繊維束1,2の交差部分から100mmの位置に、長さ25mmの掴み部3,4を取り付けて、試験体とする。試験体の作製の際、0.1×10-3N/デニールの荷重を掛けて炭素繊維束の引き揃えを行う。引張時のクロスヘッド速度は100mm/minで実施する。
【0019】
本発明の炭素繊維束のフックドロップ値(以下、FD値と記す)は、好ましくは350mm以下であり、より好ましくは、300mm以下であり、さらに好ましくは、250mm以下である。FD値が350mmを超えると、繊維束の集束性が低下するため、炭素繊維束を製造する際の焼成工程通過性が悪化し、炭素繊維束を安定して得ることができなくなる。一方、FD値が低くなりすぎると、単繊維が均一にばらけにくくなり、得られる織布(クロス)の外観品位が悪化する傾向にある。そのため、FD値の下限は、好ましくは20mmである。
【0020】
ここで、FD値は、以下の要領にて測定される。
まず、炭素繊維束を垂下装置の上部に取り付け、上部つかみ部から上方1mにおもりを取り付け、つり下げる。ここで用いるおもり荷重は、炭素繊維束目付け(g/m)の450倍相当とする。該繊維束の上部つかみから1cm下部の地点に該繊維束を2分割するようにフック(φ1mmのステンレス線材製、フックのR=5mm)を挿入し、フックを下降させる。該フックは総重量が15gとなるように重り付け調整している。フックが該繊維束の絡みによって停止した点までフックの下降距離を求める。試験回数は、N=50とし、その平均値をFD値とする。
【0021】
次に、本発明の炭素繊維束の製造方法について説明する。
本発明の炭素繊維束は、例えば前駆体繊維束としてアクリロニトリル系重合体の繊維束を用いた場合、以下のようにして製造することができる。
まず、湿式紡糸などによってアクリロニトリル系重合体の単繊維からなる前駆体繊維束を紡糸する。
ついで、複数の前駆体繊維束を平行に揃えた状態で耐炎化炉に導入し、200〜300℃に加熱された空気などの酸化性気体を前駆体繊維束に吹き付けることによって、前駆体繊維束を耐炎化して耐炎繊維束を得る。
ついで、この耐炎繊維束を炭素化炉に導入し、不活性雰囲気中、1200〜2000℃の温度で炭素化して炭素繊維束を得る。さらに、2000〜2800℃の温度で黒鉛化して高弾性炭素繊維束を得る。
【0022】
得られた炭素繊維束に、マトリックス樹脂との親和性を向上させる目的で表面酸化処理を施す。表面酸化処理法は、特に制限はなく気相酸化処理、溶剤酸化処理、あるいは電解酸化処理などにより実施される。
続いて、繊維の保護およびマトリックス樹脂との親和性向上の目的でサイジング処理を施す。サイジング処理は、ローラー浸漬法、ローラー接触法など一般に工業的に用いられている方法などによって行われる。
サイジング剤を付着した炭素繊維は、続いて乾燥処理され、サイジング剤を付着させる際に同時に付着したサイジング剤溶液に含まれていた水、あるいは有機溶媒などの除去が行われる。ここでの乾燥処理は、熱風、熱板、ローラー、各種赤外線ヒーターなどを熱媒として利用した方法などによって行われる。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例を示して詳しく説明する。
炭素繊維前駆体繊維束は、アクリルニトリル系重合体をジメチルアセトアミドに溶解し紡糸原液を調製し、湿式紡糸にて作製した。紡糸原液は、濃度50〜70重量%、温度30〜50℃のジメチルアセトアミド水溶液からなる第一凝固浴中に吐出させて凝固糸とした。次いで該凝固糸を濃度50〜70重量%、温度30〜50℃のジメチルアセトアミド水溶液からなる第2凝固浴中にて所定量の延伸を施し、さらに4倍以上の湿熱延伸を行い、炭素繊維前駆体繊維束を得た。炭素繊維前駆体繊維束の断面の長径と短径との比、皺の深さは、凝固浴濃度および温度、さらに延伸条件を変更することにより調整した。
【0024】
本実施例における炭素繊維前駆体繊維束および炭素繊維束の物性の測定、評価は、以下の方法によって行った。
(炭素繊維前駆体繊維束のSi定量)
炭素繊維前駆体繊維束のSi定量はICP発光分析装置を用いて実施した。まず、試料50mgをはさみで裁断し、密閉タイプの白金ルツボに入れ秤量した。続いて、NaOH、KOH混合粉体試薬を0.5g加え、試料と試薬を良く混合した。これらを210℃マッフル炉で2.5時間加熱処理を行い、マッフル炉から取り出して冷ました後、密閉型ボンベ内の白金ルツボを取り出した。
これらをDI水で溶解し100mlポリメスフラスコに定容して、ICP発光分析法でSiの定量を行った。
【0025】
(クロス品位)
クロスを構成する経糸と緯糸それぞれの炭素繊維束の幅を100点測定し、その変動率で評価をした。
【0026】
(樹脂含浸性)
離型紙に均一に薄く三菱レイヨン製マトリックス用エポキシ樹脂(#321)を塗布して得られた樹脂フィルム上に、製織したクロスを重ね、加熱加圧して樹脂を含浸させたクロスプリプレグを作製した。このときの樹脂含有率は40重量%とした。このクロスプリプレグを所定の大きさ(200mm×200mm)に裁断し、10枚重ねた後、鏡面仕上げ金属板に接触させ、オートクレーブ成型法により、平板のコンポジット成型品を作製した。成型平板の鏡面仕上げ金属板に接した面の欠陥部、たとえば残存空気により発生した小さな穴(ピンホール)を観察した。樹脂含浸性の優れた炭素繊維束より織られたクロスにおいて、この欠陥部が非常に少なく、場合により皆無になる。樹脂含浸性はこの欠陥点の数により評価を行った。
【0027】
[実施例1]
単繊維数が3000本であり、単繊維の長径/短径比が1.2であり、Si量が2200ppmであるアクリロニトリル系重合体の前駆体繊維束を用意した。
ついで、該前駆体繊維束を焼成し炭素繊維束を得た。焼成工程通過性は非常に安定していた。
ついで、炭素繊維束をたて糸およびよこ糸に用いて製織し、目付が200g/m2 の平織のクロスを製造した。
得られた炭素繊維束の長径/短径比、Si量、単繊維の皺の深さ、ストランド強度、引掛強さおよびFD値を測定した。また、得られたクロスのクロス品位および炭素繊維束の樹脂含浸性を評価した。結果を表1および表2に示す。
【0028】
[実施例2]
単繊維数が3000本であり、単繊維の長径/短径比が1.2であり、Si量が3000ppmであるアクリロニトリル系重合体の前駆体繊維束を用意した。
ついで、実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維束およびクロスを得た。焼成工程通過性は非常に安定していた。
得られた炭素繊維束の長径/短径比、Si量、単繊維の皺の深さ、ストランド強度、引掛強さおよびFD値を測定した。また、得られたクロスのクロス品位および炭素繊維束の樹脂含浸性を評価した。結果を表1および表2に示す。
【0029】
[実施例3]
単繊維数が3000本であり、単繊維の長径/短径比が1.2であり、Si量が900ppmであるアクリロニトリル系重合体の前駆体繊維束を用意した。
ついで、実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維束およびクロスを得た。焼成工程通過性は非常に安定していた。
得られた炭素繊維束の長径/短径比、Si量、単繊維の皺の深さ、ストランド強度、引掛強さおよびFD値を測定した。また、得られたクロスのクロス品位および炭素繊維束の樹脂含浸性を評価した。結果を表1および表2に示す。
【0030】
比較
単繊維数が3000本であり、単繊維の長径/短径比が1.21であり、Si量が2500ppmであるアクリロニトリル系重合体の前駆体繊維束を用意した。
ついで、実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維束およびクロスを得た。焼成工程通過性は非常に安定していた。
得られた炭素繊維束の長径/短径比、Si量、単繊維の皺の深さ、ストランド強度、引掛強さおよびFD値を測定した。また、得られたクロスのクロス品位および炭素繊維束の樹脂含浸性を評価した。結果を表1および表2に示す。
【0031】
[比較例
単繊維数が3000本であり、単繊維の長径/短径比が1.23であり、Si量が2500ppmであるアクリロニトリル系重合体の前駆体繊維束を用意した。
ついで、実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維束およびクロスを得た。焼成工程通過性は非常に安定していた。
得られた炭素繊維束の長径/短径比、Si量、単繊維の皺の深さ、ストランド強度、引掛強さおよびFD値を測定した。また、得られたクロスのクロス品位および炭素繊維束の樹脂含浸性を評価した。結果を表1および表2に示す。
【0032】
[比較例
単繊維数が3000本であり、単繊維の長径/短径比が1.2であり、Si量が2800ppmであり、さらに表面皺の浅いアクリロニトリル系重合体の前駆体繊維束を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維束およびクロスを得た。
また、実施例1と同様にして、焼成工程における焼成工程通過性の評価、得られた炭素繊維束およびクロスの各物性の測定および評価を行った。結果を表1および表2に示す。
単繊維の表面皺の浅い炭素繊維束は、収束性が良好で、前駆体繊維束の焼成工程通過性は良く、非常に安定していた。また、ストランド強度および引掛強さも高かった。ただし、皺の深さが十分に深くなく、製織したクロスの品位および樹脂含浸性は若干劣っていた。
【0033】
[比較例
単繊維数が3000本であり、単繊維の長径/短径比が1.0であり、Si量が2800ppmであるアクリロニトリル系重合体の前駆体繊維束を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維束およびクロスを得た。
また、実施例1と同様にして、焼成工程における焼成工程通過性の評価、得られた炭素繊維束およびクロスの各物性の測定および評価を行った。結果を表1および表2に示す。
単繊維の長径/短径比が1.0である炭素繊維束は、前駆体繊維束の焼成工程通過性は良く、安定していた。また、ストランド強度および引掛強さも高かった。しかしながら、皺の深さが十分に深くなく、製織したクロスの品位および樹脂含浸性は劣っていた。
【0034】
[比較例
単繊維数が3000本であり、単繊維の長径/短径比が1.2であり、Si量が300ppmであるアクリロニトリル系重合体の前駆体繊維束を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維束およびクロスを得た。
また、実施例1と同様にして、焼成工程における焼成工程通過性の評価、得られた炭素繊維束およびクロスの各物性の測定および評価を行った。結果を表1および表2に示す。
Si量が50ppm以下の炭素繊維束は、前駆体繊維束の焼成工程通過性は収束性が不十分のため悪く、非常に不安定であった。また、ストランド強度および引掛強さも低かった。さらに製織したクロスの品位および樹脂含浸性ともに、毛羽のため若干悪かった。製織工程の通過性も悪く、毛羽が発生し、特性を悪くした要因の一つになった。
【0035】
[比較例
単繊維数が3000本であり、単繊維の長径/短径比が2.0であり、Si量が3000ppmであるアクリロニトリル系重合体の前駆体繊維束を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維束およびクロスを得た。
また、実施例1と同様にして、焼成工程における焼成工程通過性の評価、得られた炭素繊維束およびクロスの各物性の測定および評価を行った。結果を表1および表2に示す。
単繊維の長径/短径比が2.0である炭素繊維束は、前駆体繊維束の焼成工程通過性は収束性が不十分のため悪く、非常に不安定であった。また、ストランド強度および引掛強さも低かった。さらに製織したクロスの品位および樹脂含浸性ともに、毛羽のため若干悪かった。製織工程の通過性も悪く、毛羽が発生し、特性を悪くした要因の一つになった。
【0036】
[比較例
単繊維数が3000本であり、単繊維の長径/短径比が1.0であり、Si量が2800ppmであり、さらに表面皺の浅いアクリロニトリル系重合体の前駆体繊維束を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維束およびクロスを得た。
また、実施例1と同様にして、焼成工程における焼成工程通過性の評価、得られた炭素繊維束およびクロスの各物性の測定および評価を行った。結果を表1および表2に示す。
単繊維の表面皺の浅い炭素繊維束は、収束性が良好で、前駆体繊維束の焼成工程通過性は良く、非常に安定していた。また、ストランド強度および引掛強さも高かった。しかしながら、皺の深さが十分に深くなく、製織したクロスの品位および樹脂含浸性は劣っていた。
【0037】
【表1】

Figure 0004261075
【0038】
【表2】
Figure 0004261075
【0039】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の炭素繊維束は、複数の炭素繊維の単繊維からなる炭素繊維束において、単繊維の繊維断面の長径と短径との比(長径/短径)が、1.05〜1.6であり、ICP発光分析法によって測定されるSi量が、50ppm以上であるので、集束性、樹脂含浸性および得られるクロスのクロス品位を同時に満足し、かつ強度が高い炭素繊維束となる。
また、単繊維の表面に単繊維の長手方向に延びる複数の皺を有し、単繊維の円周長さ2μmの範囲で、最高部と最低部の高低差が80nm以上であれば、繊維束の集束性を維持しつつ、樹脂含浸性およびクロス品位をさらに向上させることができる。
【0040】
また、炭素繊維束のストランド強度が、380kgf/mm2 以上であれば、炭素繊維束を安定して得ることができる。また、この炭素繊維束を用いた繊維強化複合材料は、優れたコンポジット特性を有する。
また、炭素繊維束の引掛強さが、断面積1mm2 として換算したものが450N以上であれば、炭素繊維束を安定して得ることができる。
また、炭素繊維束のフックドロップ値が、300mm以下であれば、炭素繊維束を安定して得ることができる。また、得られるクロスのクロス品位がさらに向上する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 引掛強さの測定に使用される試験体の形状を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 炭素繊維束
2 炭素繊維束[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a carbon fiber bundle used as a reinforcing material for a fiber-reinforced composite material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and the like are used as reinforcing materials for fiber reinforced composite materials. Among these, carbon fibers are excellent in specific strength, specific elastic modulus, heat resistance, chemical resistance, and the like, and are used in fiber reinforced composite materials for aircraft applications, sports applications such as golf shafts and fishing rods, and general industrial applications. Such a fiber reinforced composite material is manufactured as follows, for example.
[0003]
First, a precursor fiber bundle obtained by bundling thousands to tens of thousands of single fibers of a polyacrylonitrile-based polymer is fired at a temperature of 200 to 300 ° C. in an oxidizing gas such as air in a flameproofing process (firing process). Thus, a flame resistant fiber bundle is obtained. Next, in the carbonization step (firing step), the flame resistant fiber bundle is carbonized at a temperature of 300 to 2000 ° C. in an inert atmosphere to obtain a carbon fiber bundle. And after processing this carbon fiber bundle into cloth etc. as needed, this is impregnated with a synthetic resin and formed into a predetermined shape to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite material.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Precursor fiber bundles used in the production of carbon fiber bundles are high so that the fiber bundles are scattered in the firing process and the single fibers constituting the fiber bundles are not entangled with adjacent fiber bundles or wound around rollers. Convergence is required.
For this reason, the carbon fiber bundle obtained from the precursor fiber bundle having a high sizing property has problems such as poor dispersion due to its inherent high sizing property and difficulty in impregnation with the resin.
[0005]
In addition, the cloth obtained by weaving the carbon fiber bundle has no unevenness in the width of the carbon fiber bundle so that the resin can be uniformly impregnated without enclosing air when impregnating the resin. It is necessary to make the cloth with a high appearance quality that is evenly distributed.
However, a cloth obtained from a highly bundled carbon fiber bundle has a problem that single fibers are not easily dispersed uniformly, and as a result, the cloth quality is poor.
[0006]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber bundle that simultaneously satisfies the bundling property, the resin impregnation property, and the cross quality of the resulting cloth and has a high strength.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is a carbon fiber bundle composed of a single fiber of a plurality of carbon fibers. The amount of Si measured by ICP emission analysis is 50 ppm or more, the surface of the single fiber bundle has a plurality of wrinkles extending in the longitudinal direction of the single fiber, and the circumferential length of the single fiber is 2 μm. in in height difference between the highest portion and the lowest portion is state, and are more 210 nm or less 80 nm, hooking strength is measured according to JIS L 1013, the cross-sectional area 1 mm 2 Strength was calculated as is characterized der Rukoto than 731N.
[0008]
The strand strength of the carbon fiber bundle is desirably 380 kgf / mm 2 or more.
Further, the hook drop value of the carbon fiber bundle is desirably 300 mm or less.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The carbon fiber bundle in the present invention is obtained by firing a precursor fiber bundle (tow) in which single fibers such as acrylonitrile-based polymer and pitch are bundled.
The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis (major axis / minor axis) of the fiber cross section of the single fiber constituting the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is 1.05 to 1.6, preferably 1.10 to 1.4. And more preferably 1.15 to 1.30. If the ratio of major axis / minor axis is within this range, a carbon fiber bundle that simultaneously satisfies the bundling property and resin impregnation property and has high strength is obtained. When the major axis / minor axis ratio is less than 1.05, voids between single fibers are reduced, and the resin impregnation property of the obtained carbon fiber bundle is deteriorated. If the ratio of major axis / minor axis exceeds 1.6, the convergence property of the fiber bundle is lowered, so that the carbon fiber bundle can be stably obtained by deteriorating the passability of the firing process when producing the carbon fiber bundle. Disappear. Moreover, since the fiber cross section becomes non-uniform, the strand strength and the hook strength are reduced.
[0010]
Here, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis (major axis / minor axis) of the fiber cross section of the single fiber is determined as follows.
After passing a carbon fiber bundle for measurement through a tube made of vinyl chloride resin having an inner diameter of 1 mm, the sample is prepared by cutting it with a knife. Next, the sample was adhered to the SEM sample stage with the fiber cross-section facing upward, and Au was sputtered to a thickness of about 10 nm, and then an acceleration voltage of 7.00 kV was measured using a PHILIPS XL20 scanning electron microscope. The fiber cross section is observed under the condition of a working distance of 31 mm, the major axis and minor axis of the fiber section of the single fiber are measured, and the ratio of major axis / minor axis is determined by major axis / minor axis.
[0011]
The amount of Si in the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is 50 ppm or more, preferably in the range of 80 to 1000 ppm, more preferably in the range of 100 to 800 ppm. If the amount of Si is within this range, a carbon fiber bundle that satisfies both convergence and cross quality and has high strength can be obtained. If the amount of Si is less than 50 ppm, the fiber bundle's converging property is lowered, and therefore, the carbon fiber bundle cannot be obtained stably because the carbon fiber bundle is deteriorated. In addition, the strand strength also decreases. On the other hand, when the amount of Si is excessively large, the obtained carbon fiber bundles are not easily scattered, and the cloth quality (draping property) tends to deteriorate.
[0012]
This amount of Si is derived from the silicon-based oil used when the precursor fiber bundle is manufactured. Here, the amount of Si can be measured using an ICP emission analyzer. The measurement is performed as follows.
A sample is put into a platinum crucible known as a tare and ashed in a muffle furnace at 600 to 700 ° C., and its weight is measured to obtain an ash content. Next, a prescribed amount of sodium carbonate is added, melted with a burner, and fixed in a 50 ml volumetric flask while dissolving in DI water. This sample is quantified by Si by ICP emission analysis.
[0013]
The carbon fiber bundle of the present invention preferably has a plurality of wrinkles extending in the longitudinal direction of the single fiber on the surface of the single fiber. Due to the presence of such wrinkles, the resin impregnation property of the carbon fiber bundle is further improved, and the appearance quality of these woven cloths is further improved.
The depth of such wrinkles is defined by the difference in height between the highest part and the lowest part in the range of the circumferential length of the single fiber of 2 μm. The height difference can be measured by scanning the surface of a single fiber using a scanning atomic force microscope (AFM) or a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Specifically, it is as follows.
[0014]
Place several single carbon fibers on a sample stage, fix both ends, and apply dotite around to make a measurement sample. Measurement is performed in an AFM mode using an atomic force microscope (Seiko Instruments, SPI3700 / SPA-300) using a silicon nitride cantilever. The measurement image obtained by scanning the range of 2 to 7 μm of the single fiber is subjected to inverse transformation after cutting the low frequency component by two-dimensional Fourier transformation to remove the curvature of the fiber. The depth of the wrinkles is quantified from the cross section of the planar image thus obtained.
[0015]
The wrinkle depth on the surface of the single fiber in the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is preferably 80 nm or more, more preferably 100 nm or more, and further preferably 150 nm or more. When the depth of the wrinkles is less than 80 nm, voids between the single fibers are reduced and the resin impregnation property is deteriorated. Moreover, it becomes difficult to disperse | distribute a single fiber uniformly, and the external appearance quality of a woven fabric deteriorates. On the other hand, when the depth of the wrinkles becomes too deep, the fiber bundles are less converged, the carbon fiber bundles are not easily passed through during the firing process, and the carbon fiber bundles cannot be obtained stably. Moreover, the surface defect of a carbon fiber bundle increases and strand strength falls. Furthermore, the friction between single fibers increases and the hook strength tends to decrease.
[0016]
The strand strength of the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is preferably 380 kgf / mm 2 or more, more preferably 400 kgf / mm 2 or more, and further preferably 420 kgf / mm 2 or more. When the strand strength is less than 380 kgf / mm 2 , yarn breakage is likely to occur, so that the carbon fiber bundle cannot be stably obtained because the carbon fiber bundle is deteriorated in passing through the firing process. Further, the composite properties of the fiber reinforced composite material using the carbon fiber bundle, for example, the bending strength (FS 0 °) in the longitudinal direction of the fiber is low, and sufficient performance is not exhibited.
Here, the strand strength is measured in accordance with a test method described in JIS R7601.
[0017]
The hook strength of the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is preferably 450 N or more in terms of the cross-sectional area of 1 mm 2 . More preferably, it is 500N or more, More preferably, it is 550N or more. If the catching strength is less than 450 N, yarn breakage is likely to occur, so that the carbon fiber bundle cannot be stably obtained because the carbon fiber bundle passing property is deteriorated.
[0018]
Here, the hook strength is measured in accordance with a test method described in JIS-L 1013. The following measurement method will be described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 1, a carbon fiber bundle 2 is hooked on a U-shaped carbon fiber bundle 1 to form a U-shape, and a length of 25 mm is formed at a position 100 mm from the intersection of the carbon fiber bundles 1 and 2. Grip parts 3 and 4 are attached to form a test specimen. When producing the test specimen, the carbon fiber bundle is aligned by applying a load of 0.1 × 10 −3 N / denier. The crosshead speed during tension is 100 mm / min.
[0019]
The hook drop value (hereinafter referred to as FD value) of the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is preferably 350 mm or less, more preferably 300 mm or less, and further preferably 250 mm or less. If the FD value exceeds 350 mm, the convergence property of the fiber bundle is lowered, so that the passability of the firing process when producing the carbon fiber bundle is deteriorated, and the carbon fiber bundle cannot be obtained stably. On the other hand, if the FD value is too low, the single fibers are not easily uniformly dispersed, and the appearance quality of the resulting woven fabric (cross) tends to deteriorate. Therefore, the lower limit of the FD value is preferably 20 mm.
[0020]
Here, the FD value is measured as follows.
First, a carbon fiber bundle is attached to the upper part of the drooping device, a weight is attached to the upper part 1 m from the upper gripping part, and suspended. The weight load used here is equivalent to 450 times the carbon fiber bundle weight (g / m). A hook (made of stainless steel wire of φ1 mm, hook R = 5 mm) is inserted so as to divide the fiber bundle into two at a point 1 cm below the upper grip of the fiber bundle, and the hook is lowered. The hook is weighted and adjusted so that the total weight is 15 g. The lowering distance of the hook is obtained up to the point where the hook is stopped by the entanglement of the fiber bundle. The number of tests is N = 50, and the average value is the FD value.
[0021]
Next, the manufacturing method of the carbon fiber bundle of this invention is demonstrated.
The carbon fiber bundle of the present invention can be produced as follows, for example, when an acrylonitrile polymer fiber bundle is used as the precursor fiber bundle.
First, a precursor fiber bundle composed of single fibers of acrylonitrile-based polymer is spun by wet spinning or the like.
Next, the precursor fiber bundle is introduced into a flameproofing furnace in a state where a plurality of precursor fiber bundles are aligned in parallel, and an oxidizing gas such as air heated to 200 to 300 ° C. is blown onto the precursor fiber bundle. To obtain a flame-resistant fiber bundle.
Next, this flame resistant fiber bundle is introduced into a carbonization furnace and carbonized at a temperature of 1200 to 2000 ° C. in an inert atmosphere to obtain a carbon fiber bundle. Furthermore, graphitization is performed at a temperature of 2000 to 2800 ° C. to obtain a highly elastic carbon fiber bundle.
[0022]
The obtained carbon fiber bundle is subjected to a surface oxidation treatment for the purpose of improving the affinity with the matrix resin. The surface oxidation treatment method is not particularly limited, and is performed by gas phase oxidation treatment, solvent oxidation treatment, electrolytic oxidation treatment, or the like.
Subsequently, sizing is performed for the purpose of protecting the fibers and improving the affinity with the matrix resin. The sizing treatment is performed by a generally used method such as a roller dipping method or a roller contact method.
The carbon fiber to which the sizing agent is attached is subsequently dried, and water or an organic solvent contained in the sizing agent solution attached at the time of attaching the sizing agent is removed. The drying process here is performed by a method using hot air, a hot plate, a roller, various infrared heaters or the like as a heat medium.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The carbon fiber precursor fiber bundle was produced by dissolving an acrylonitrile-based polymer in dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning stock solution and wet spinning. The spinning dope was discharged into a first coagulation bath composed of an aqueous dimethylacetamide solution having a concentration of 50 to 70% by weight and a temperature of 30 to 50 ° C. to obtain a coagulated yarn. Next, the coagulated yarn is subjected to a predetermined amount of stretching in a second coagulation bath made of a dimethylacetamide aqueous solution having a concentration of 50 to 70% by weight and a temperature of 30 to 50 ° C., and further subjected to wet heat stretching of 4 times or more to obtain a carbon fiber precursor. A body fiber bundle was obtained. The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis in the cross section of the carbon fiber precursor fiber bundle and the depth of the wrinkles were adjusted by changing the coagulation bath concentration and temperature, and the stretching conditions.
[0024]
The physical properties of the carbon fiber precursor fiber bundle and carbon fiber bundle in this example were measured and evaluated by the following methods.
(Si determination of carbon fiber precursor fiber bundle)
The amount of Si in the carbon fiber precursor fiber bundle was determined using an ICP emission analyzer. First, 50 mg of a sample was cut with scissors, placed in a sealed platinum crucible, and weighed. Subsequently, 0.5 g of a NaOH / KOH mixed powder reagent was added, and the sample and the reagent were mixed well. These were heat-treated in a 210 ° C. muffle furnace for 2.5 hours, taken out of the muffle furnace and cooled, and then the platinum crucible in the sealed cylinder was taken out.
These were dissolved in DI water, fixed in a 100 ml polymeas flask, and Si was quantified by ICP emission spectrometry.
[0025]
(Cross grade)
The width of the carbon fiber bundle of each of the warp and the weft constituting the cloth was measured at 100 points, and evaluation was made based on the variation rate.
[0026]
(Resin impregnation)
A cloth prepreg in which a woven cloth was layered on a resin film obtained by uniformly and thinly applying a Mitsubishi Rayon matrix epoxy resin (# 321) on a release paper and impregnated with the resin by heating and pressing was produced. The resin content at this time was 40% by weight. This cross prepreg was cut into a predetermined size (200 mm × 200 mm), and after 10 sheets were laminated, the product was brought into contact with a mirror-finished metal plate, and a flat composite molded product was produced by an autoclave molding method. Defects on the surface of the molded flat plate in contact with the mirror-finished metal plate, such as small holes (pinholes) generated by residual air, were observed. In a cloth woven from a carbon fiber bundle excellent in resin impregnation property, this defect portion is very few and sometimes disappears. The resin impregnation property was evaluated by the number of defects.
[0027]
[Example 1]
A precursor fiber bundle of an acrylonitrile polymer having 3000 single fibers, a long diameter / short diameter ratio of 1.2, and an Si content of 2200 ppm was prepared.
Next, the precursor fiber bundle was fired to obtain a carbon fiber bundle. The passage through the firing process was very stable.
The carbon fiber bundle was then woven using warp and weft to produce a plain weave cloth having a basis weight of 200 g / m 2 .
The obtained carbon fiber bundle was measured for the major axis / minor axis ratio, Si content, wrinkle depth of single fiber, strand strength, hook strength, and FD value. Moreover, the cloth quality of the obtained cloth and the resin impregnation property of the carbon fiber bundle were evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0028]
[Example 2]
A precursor fiber bundle of an acrylonitrile polymer having 3000 single fibers, a long diameter / short diameter ratio of the single fibers of 1.2, and an Si content of 3000 ppm was prepared.
Next, a carbon fiber bundle and cloth were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The passage through the firing process was very stable.
The obtained carbon fiber bundle was measured for the major axis / minor axis ratio, Si content, wrinkle depth of single fiber, strand strength, hook strength, and FD value. Moreover, the cloth quality of the obtained cloth and the resin impregnation property of the carbon fiber bundle were evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0029]
[Example 3]
A precursor fiber bundle of acrylonitrile-based polymer having a single fiber count of 3000, a single fiber major axis / minor axis ratio of 1.2, and an Si content of 900 ppm was prepared.
Next, a carbon fiber bundle and cloth were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The passage through the firing process was very stable.
The obtained carbon fiber bundle was measured for the major axis / minor axis ratio, Si content, wrinkle depth of single fiber, strand strength, hook strength, and FD value. Moreover, the cloth quality of the obtained cloth and the resin impregnation property of the carbon fiber bundle were evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0030]
[ Comparative Example 1 ]
A precursor fiber bundle of an acrylonitrile polymer having 3000 single fibers, a long diameter / short diameter ratio of the single fibers of 1.21, and an Si content of 2500 ppm was prepared.
Next, a carbon fiber bundle and cloth were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The passage through the firing process was very stable.
The obtained carbon fiber bundle was measured for the major axis / minor axis ratio, Si content, wrinkle depth of single fiber, strand strength, hook strength, and FD value. Moreover, the cloth quality of the obtained cloth and the resin impregnation property of the carbon fiber bundle were evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0031]
[Comparative Example 2 ]
A precursor fiber bundle of an acrylonitrile-based polymer having 3000 single fibers, a long diameter / short diameter ratio of single fibers of 1.23, and an Si content of 2500 ppm was prepared.
Next, a carbon fiber bundle and cloth were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The passage through the firing process was very stable.
The obtained carbon fiber bundle was measured for the major axis / minor axis ratio, Si content, wrinkle depth of single fiber, strand strength, hook strength, and FD value. Moreover, the cloth quality of the obtained cloth and the resin impregnation property of the carbon fiber bundle were evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0032]
[Comparative Example 3 ]
The number of single fibers is 3000, the ratio of the long diameter / short diameter of the single fibers is 1.2, the Si amount is 2800 ppm, and the precursor fiber bundle of the acrylonitrile polymer having a shallow surface flaw is used. In the same manner as in Example 1, carbon fiber bundles and cloths were obtained.
Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and evaluated and evaluated each physical property of the obtained carbon fiber bundle and cloth in the baking process permeability in a baking process. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
The carbon fiber bundle having a shallow surface surface of the single fiber had good convergence, and the precursor fiber bundle had good passing through the firing process, and was very stable. The strand strength and hook strength were also high. However, the depth of the wrinkles was not sufficiently deep, and the quality of the woven cloth and the resin impregnation property were slightly inferior.
[0033]
[Comparative Example 4 ]
The same as Example 1 except that the number of single fibers was 3000, the ratio of long diameter / short diameter of single fibers was 1.0, and the precursor fiber bundle of acrylonitrile polymer having an Si content of 2800 ppm was used. Thus, carbon fiber bundles and cloths were obtained.
Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and evaluated and evaluated each physical property of the obtained carbon fiber bundle and cloth in the baking process permeability in a baking process. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
A carbon fiber bundle having a major axis / minor axis ratio of single fiber of 1.0 was stable because the precursor fiber bundle passed through the firing process. The strand strength and hook strength were also high. However, the depth of the wrinkles was not sufficiently deep, and the quality of the woven cloth and the resin impregnation property were inferior.
[0034]
[Comparative Example 5 ]
The same as Example 1 except that the number of single fibers was 3000, the ratio of long diameter / short diameter of single fibers was 1.2, and the precursor fiber bundle of acrylonitrile-based polymer having an Si content of 300 ppm was used. Thus, carbon fiber bundles and cloths were obtained.
Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and evaluated and evaluated each physical property of the obtained carbon fiber bundle and cloth in the baking process permeability in a baking process. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
The carbon fiber bundle having an Si content of 50 ppm or less was very unstable because the precursor fiber bundle had poor convergence due to insufficient convergence. Moreover, the strand strength and the hook strength were also low. Furthermore, the quality of the woven cloth and the resin impregnation property were slightly worse due to the fluff. The passing of the weaving process was poor, and fluff was generated, which became one of the factors that deteriorated the characteristics.
[0035]
[Comparative Example 6 ]
The same as Example 1 except that the number of single fibers was 3000, the long diameter / short diameter ratio of single fibers was 2.0, and the precursor fiber bundle of acrylonitrile polymer having an Si content of 3000 ppm was used. Thus, carbon fiber bundles and cloths were obtained.
Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and evaluated and evaluated each physical property of the obtained carbon fiber bundle and cloth in the baking process permeability in a baking process. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
A carbon fiber bundle having a major axis / minor axis ratio of 2.0 for single fibers was very unstable because the precursor fiber bundle passed through the firing step was insufficient due to insufficient convergence. Moreover, the strand strength and the hook strength were also low. Furthermore, the quality of the woven cloth and the resin impregnation property were slightly worse due to the fluff. The passing of the weaving process was poor, and fluff was generated, which became one of the factors that deteriorated the characteristics.
[0036]
[Comparative Example 7 ]
The number of single fibers is 3000, the ratio of the long diameter / short diameter of the single fibers is 1.0, the Si amount is 2800 ppm, and the precursor fiber bundle of the acrylonitrile polymer having a shallow surface flaw is used. In the same manner as in Example 1, carbon fiber bundles and cloths were obtained.
Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and evaluated and evaluated each physical property of the obtained carbon fiber bundle and cloth in the baking process permeability in a baking process. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
The carbon fiber bundle having a shallow surface surface of the single fiber had good convergence, and the precursor fiber bundle had good passing through the firing process, and was very stable. The strand strength and hook strength were also high. However, the depth of the wrinkles was not sufficiently deep, and the quality of the woven cloth and the resin impregnation property were inferior.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004261075
[0038]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004261075
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is a carbon fiber bundle composed of a single fiber of a plurality of carbon fibers, and the ratio (major axis / minor axis) of the major axis to the minor axis of the fiber cross section of the single fiber is 1. .05 to 1.6, and the amount of Si measured by ICP emission analysis is 50 ppm or more. It becomes a fiber bundle.
If the surface of the single fiber has a plurality of ridges extending in the longitudinal direction of the single fiber, and the height difference between the highest part and the lowest part is 80 nm or more within the circumferential length of the single fiber of 2 μm, the fiber bundle It is possible to further improve the resin impregnation property and the cloth quality while maintaining the convergence property.
[0040]
Moreover, if the strand strength of the carbon fiber bundle is 380 kgf / mm 2 or more, the carbon fiber bundle can be obtained stably. Moreover, the fiber reinforced composite material using this carbon fiber bundle has an excellent composite property.
Moreover, if the hook strength of the carbon fiber bundle is 450 N or more when converted to a cross-sectional area of 1 mm 2 , the carbon fiber bundle can be obtained stably.
Moreover, if the hook drop value of a carbon fiber bundle is 300 mm or less, a carbon fiber bundle can be obtained stably. Moreover, the cross quality of the resulting cloth is further improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing the shape of a test body used for measurement of hook strength.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Carbon fiber bundle 2 Carbon fiber bundle

Claims (3)

複数の炭素繊維の単繊維からなる炭素繊維束において、単繊維の繊維断面の長径と短径との比(長径/短径)が、1.05〜1.6であり、ICP発光分析法によって測定されるSi量が、50ppm以上であり、単繊維の表面に単繊維の長手方向に延びる複数の皺を有し、単繊維の円周長さ2μmの範囲で最高部と最低部の高低差が、80nm以上210nm以下であり、JIS L 1013に準拠して測定される引掛強さにおいて、断面積1mm 2 として換算した強さが731N以上であることを特徴とする炭素繊維束。In a carbon fiber bundle composed of a single fiber of a plurality of carbon fibers, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis (major axis / minor axis) of the fiber cross section of the single fiber is 1.05 to 1.6, and by ICP emission spectrometry The measured Si amount is 50 ppm or more, the surface of the single fiber has a plurality of ridges extending in the longitudinal direction of the single fiber, and the height difference between the highest part and the lowest part in the range of the circumferential length of the single fiber is 2 μm. There state, and are more 210 nm or less 80 nm, the hooking strength is measured according to JIS L 1013, the cross-sectional area 1 mm 2 Carbon fiber bundle strength was calculated as is characterized der Rukoto than 731N. ストランド強度が、3800MPa 以上であることを特徴とする請求項記載の炭素繊維束。Strand strength, carbon fiber bundle according to claim 1, wherein the at least 3800MPa. フックドロップ値が、300mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の炭素繊維束。The carbon fiber bundle according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a hook drop value is 300 mm or less.
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