JP4065235B2 - 燃料電池改質器用の水蒸気転移装置 - Google Patents
燃料電池改質器用の水蒸気転移装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4065235B2 JP4065235B2 JP2003513894A JP2003513894A JP4065235B2 JP 4065235 B2 JP4065235 B2 JP 4065235B2 JP 2003513894 A JP2003513894 A JP 2003513894A JP 2003513894 A JP2003513894 A JP 2003513894A JP 4065235 B2 JP4065235 B2 JP 4065235B2
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
(陽極)には酸素(又は空気)が供給される。水素ガスは、アノード(陰極)で電子と水素イオン(陽子)に分離される。水素イオンは、電解質を通ってカソード(陽極)へ至り、電子は、電力回路(例えばモーター)を通ってカソード(陽極)へ移動する。カソード(陽極)で、水素イオン、電子、酸素が結合して水になる。アノード(陰極)及びカソード(陽極)での反応は、触媒、通常はプラチナで促進される。
(a)オキシダント、水及び炭化水素燃料を使って水素を生成するための反応器と、
(b)水蒸気を、前記反応器によって生成された改質油から、前記反応器に用いられるオキシダントへ転移する、水転移膜を備えている水転移装置と、を備えている燃料プロセッサを提供する。
反応器
本発明の装置は、炭化水素燃料を、燃料電池で使用する水素に変換できる反応器を備えている。上記背景の中で概括したように、好適な反応器には、水蒸気改質反応器と自熱式反応器が含まれている。そのような本発明に有用な反応器の中には、以下の文書、1987年3月17日にVanderborgh他に発行の米国特許第4,650,722号、2000年6月20日にPettitに発行の米国特許第6,077,620号、1998年9月22日にSkala他に発行の米国特許第6,132,689号、1999年7月6日にKeskula他に発行の米国特許第6,159,626号、2000年2月2日にSkala他に発行の欧州特許第977,293号、2001年1月10日にKeskula他に発行の欧州特許第1,066,876号に記載されているような当該技術分野で既知の反応器があり、上記特許全てを参考文献としてここに援用する。
この反応は、触媒を利用することによって促進され、発熱性である。好適なPOX触媒は、1つ又は複数の貴金属、Pt、Rh、Pd、Ir、Os、Au及びRuから成る。他の非貴金属、又はNi及びCoのような金属の組み合わせも利用できる。POX区画内の反応には、燃料濃厚であるのが望ましい。高温のPOX反応生成物は、燃料と共に導入された水蒸気と共にSR区画へ送られ、そこで、炭化水素は、以下の一般的な反応式に従って水蒸気と反応する。
水蒸気改質反応は吸熱性である。この吸熱反応に必要な熱は、発熱性のPOX反応によって生成される熱から供給され、POX区画の放流によってSR区画へ運ばれる(従って、名称が「自熱式反応器」となっている)。
CO+H2O→CO2+H2
或る実施形態では、高温転化区画と低温転化区画が設けられている。そのような或る特定な実施形態では、高温転化反応器は、Fe3O4/Cr2O3触媒を備えており、約400℃(752°F)から約550℃(1022°F)の温度で作動する。この実施形態では、低温転化反応器は、CuO/ZnO/Al2O3触媒を備えており、約200℃(392°F)から約300℃(572°F)の温度で作動する。改質油流れの冷却は、高温区画と低温区画との間で起こるのが望ましい。別の実施形態では、WGS反応器は、高温及び低温反応器の代わりに、或いはそれ等に加えて、約300℃(572°F)から約400℃(752°F)の温度で作動する中間温度転化反応器を含んでいる。
CO+1/2HO2→CO2
この反応が実行されると、水素を過剰に消費することなく、基本的に、残留一酸化炭素の全て、又は少なくとも大部分が消費される。
水転移装置
本発明は、水蒸気を湿った気流から乾燥した気流へ移す水転移装置も提供する。本発明の水転移装置は、一次ガス用の流路と、二次ガス用の流路と、第1及び第2表面を有している水転移膜とを備えており、膜の第1表面は前記一次ガス用の流路と実質的に接触しており、第2表面は前記第2流路と実質的に接触している。1つの流路(例えば第1流路)内を移動するガス中の水蒸気は、膜を通して別の流路(例えば第2流路)に移される。燃料電池発電装置内で一次ガスと二次ガスの間で水蒸気を移すための或る好適な水転移装置(1つの実施形態を図3の断面図に示す)は、
(a)一次ガス注入口(20)と、
(b)一次ガス排出口(21)と、
(c)内部空隙(23)と外側表面(24)を有するコンジット(22)であって、コンジットの壁は水転移膜材料で構成されており、一次ガスの流れが前記内部空隙を通過できるように、前記コンジットの一端は前記一次ガス注入口(20)に接続され、前記コンジットの他端は前記一次ガス排出口(21)に接続されるよう構成されているコンジットと、
(d)前記コンジット(22)の外側表面の少なくとも一部分を密閉し、周りに空隙空間(26)を形成しているハウジング(25)であって、前記空隙空間(26)を通して二次ガスを流せるように二次ガス注入口(27)と二次ガス排出口(28)とを有しており、前記ハウジングの空隙空間を流れる二次ガスは、前記コンジットの外側表面上を通過するが、前記コンジットの内部空隙を通って流れる一次ガスとは実質的に混ざらないように構成されているハウジングと、を備えている。
(a)反応体入力と水素生成物出力とを有する反応器と、
(b)(i)前記反応器の水素生成物出力に接続されている転移装置入力と、(ii)前記反応器の反応体入力に接続されている転移装置出力と、(iii)水転移膜とを備えており、水を、前記水素生成物出力から前記反応体入力へ移すよう構成されている水転移装置と、を備えている。本発明の好適な方法は、反応器によって作られた改質油から反応体への、水蒸気の、水転移膜を備えた水蒸気転移装置を使用する転移を含んでいる。
Claims (17)
- 炭化水素燃料から水素を生成するための燃料プロセッサにおいて、
(a)オキシダントと、水と、炭化水素燃料を使って、水素を含む改質油を生成するための反応器と、
(b)水蒸気を、前記反応器によって生成された改質油から、前記反応器に用いられる反応体へ移す、水転移膜を備えている水転移装置と、を備えている燃料プロセッサ。 - 前記反応体は空気である、請求項1に記載の燃料プロセッサ。
- 前記空気は、50℃以下の温度である、請求項2に記載の燃料プロセッサ。
- 前記空気は、周囲温度である、請求項3に記載の燃料プロセッサ。
- 前記水転移膜は、ポリ〔過フルオロスルホン〕酸から成る、請求項1に記載の燃料プロセッサ。
- 炭化水素燃料から水素を生成するための燃料プロセッサにおいて、
(a)反応体入力と改質油出力とを有している反応器と、
(b)(i)前記反応器の前記改質油出力に接続されている転移装置入力と、(ii)前記反応器の前記反応体入力に接続されている転移装置出力と、(iii)水転移膜と、を備えている、水を前記改質油出力から前記反応体入力へ移す働きをする水転移装置と、を備えている燃料プロセッサ。 - 前記反応体の前記反応体入力は、オキシダント入力である、請求項6に記載の発電装置燃料プロセッサ。
- 前記反応体は、自熱式反応体である、請求項6に記載の発電装置燃料プロセッサ。
- 反応体入力を有する、圧縮された反応体の出力を前記反応器の前記反応体入力に供給するコンプレッサを更に備えており、前記水転移装置は、水蒸気を前記コンプレッサの前記反応体入力へ移す働きをする、請求項6に記載の発電装置。
- 前記反応器の前記反応体入力はオキシダント入力ある、請求項7に記載の発電装置燃料プロセッサ。
- 前記水転移装置は、50℃以下の温度の空気への入力を備えている、請求項8に記載の発電装置。
- 前記水転移装置は、周囲温度の空気への入力を追加的に備えている、請求項8に記載の発電装置。
- 前記膜は、ポリ〔過フルオロスルホン〕酸から成る、請求項6に記載の発電装置燃料プロセッサ。
- 水素を含む改質油を作る燃料プロセッサ用の反応体を加湿するための方法において、水蒸気を、前記改質油から前記反応体へ、水転移膜を備えた水転移装置を用いて移す方法。
- 前記反応体は空気である、請求項14に記載の反応体を加湿するための方法。
- 前記空気は、前記水転移装置により加湿されるときには、50℃以下の温度である、請求項15に記載の反応体を加湿するための方法。
- 前記水転移装置は、
(a)前記反応器の改質油の流れの排出口に接続されている改質油ガス注入口と、
(b)改質油ガス排出口と、
(c)オキシダントガス注入口と、
(d)オキシダントガス排出口と、
(e)内部空隙と外側表面を有するコンジットであって、前記コンジットの壁は水転移膜材料で構成されており、水素ガスの流れが前記内部空隙を通過できるように、前記コンジットの一端は前記改質油ガス注入口に接続され、前記コンジットの他端は前記改質油ガス排出口に接続されるよう構成されているコンジットと、
(f)前記コンジットの前記外側表面の少なくとも一部分を密閉し、周りに空隙空間を形成しているハウジングであって、前記空隙空間を通してオキシダントガスを流せるように、オキシダントガス注入口とオキシダントガス排出口とを有しており、前記ハウジングの前記空隙空間を通って流れるオキシダントガスは、前記コンジット上を通過するが、前記コンジットの前記内部空隙を通って流れる水素ガスとは実質的に混ざらないように構成されているハウジングと、を備えている、請求項1に記載の燃料プロセッサ。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/910,307 US6875246B2 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2001-07-20 | Water vapor transfer device for fuel cell reformer |
| PCT/US2002/021762 WO2003008329A1 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2002-07-10 | Water vapor transfer device for fuel cell reformer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2004535351A JP2004535351A (ja) | 2004-11-25 |
| JP4065235B2 true JP4065235B2 (ja) | 2008-03-19 |
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| JP2003513894A Expired - Fee Related JP4065235B2 (ja) | 2001-07-20 | 2002-07-10 | 燃料電池改質器用の水蒸気転移装置 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US6875246B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4065235B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1533360A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE10297048B4 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2003008329A1 (ja) |
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| JP2006222101A (ja) * | 2003-01-10 | 2006-08-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| US6979503B2 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2005-12-27 | Texaco Inc. | Method and apparatus for burst disk identification |
| US20040226217A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-11-18 | University Of Chicago | Fuel processor for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels |
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| DE102004055425B4 (de) * | 2004-11-17 | 2007-06-14 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Mischkammer für einen Reformer sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben |
| US20060183009A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-17 | Berlowitz Paul J | Fuel cell fuel processor with hydrogen buffering |
| DE102012102251B4 (de) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-11-07 | Das Environmental Expert Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Schadgasen |
| DE102012018163A1 (de) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Verfahren zum Betreiben zweier Teilprozesse mit unterschiedlichen Wasserdampfanforderungen in einem Gesamtprozess |
| US20140080080A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Annealed WVT Membranes to Impart Durability and Performance |
| DE102012018164A1 (de) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wasserdampf benötigenden Teilprozesses in einem Gesamtprozess |
| JP2018162193A (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-18 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 水素製造装置 |
| JP2018162195A (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-18 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 水素製造装置 |
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-
2001
- 2001-07-20 US US09/910,307 patent/US6875246B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-07-10 WO PCT/US2002/021762 patent/WO2003008329A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-07-10 CN CNA028145887A patent/CN1533360A/zh active Pending
- 2002-07-10 DE DE10297048T patent/DE10297048B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US6875246B2 (en) | 2005-04-05 |
| DE10297048B4 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
| US20030014918A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
| DE10297048T5 (de) | 2004-07-08 |
| WO2003008329A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
| CN1533360A (zh) | 2004-09-29 |
| JP2004535351A (ja) | 2004-11-25 |
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