JP2013013999A - 多結晶研磨材及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
多結晶研磨材及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013013999A JP2013013999A JP2012153299A JP2012153299A JP2013013999A JP 2013013999 A JP2013013999 A JP 2013013999A JP 2012153299 A JP2012153299 A JP 2012153299A JP 2012153299 A JP2012153299 A JP 2012153299A JP 2013013999 A JP2013013999 A JP 2013013999A
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Abstract
【解決手段】ガラス質を好む表面を有する複数の超硬質研磨粒子を、マトリックス前駆体材料を用いて被覆し、その後焼結に適するように処理する。マトリックス前駆体材料の酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、酸炭化物、又は炭窒化物、又は元素形態に、マトリックス前駆体材料を変換することができる。被覆した超硬質研磨粒子が結晶学的又は熱力学的に安定な圧力及び温度で、被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を固め焼結する。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明の一の要旨に基づく、多結晶研磨(研削、切削又は摩耗)要素の製造方法は、ガラス質を好む(又は親ガラス性:vitreophilic)表面を有する複数の超硬質研磨粒子を供給する工程、マトリックス前駆体材料で超硬質研磨粒子を被覆(又はコート)する工程、被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を処理し、それらが焼結に適するようにする、好ましくはマトリックス前駆体材料を、マトリックス前駆体材料の酸化物、窒化物、炭化物(又はカーバイド)、酸窒化物(又はオキシナイトライド:oxynitride)、酸炭化物(又はオキシカーバイド:oxycarbide)又は炭窒化物(又はカーボナイトライド:carbonitride)、又はマトリックス前駆体材料の元素形態、又はそれらの組み合わせにする工程、及び被覆した超硬質粒子が結晶学的に又は熱力学的に安定である圧力及び温度で固めて(圧縮して、硬化して又は圧密化して:consolidate)焼結する工程を含む。
チタニア、TiO2、ハフニア、HfO2、シリカ、SiO2、ジルコニア、ZrO2、窒化チタン、TiN、窒化バナジウム、VN、窒化ハフニウム、HfN、窒化ニオブ、NbN、Nb2N、窒化タンタル、TaN、窒化モリブデン、Mo2N、窒化タングステン、W2N、炭化チタン、TiC、炭化バナジウム、VC、炭化ハフニウム、HfC、炭化ニオブ、NbC、炭化タンタル、TaC、炭化モリブデン、Mo2C、炭化タングステン、W2C、WC、モリブデン、Mo及びタングステン、Wから選択されるマトリックス中にダイヤモンドを含んで成る多結晶超硬質研磨要素;
アルミナ、Al2O3、チタニア、TiO2、ハフニア、HfO2、シリカ、SiO2、ジルコニア、ZrO2、窒化バナジウム、VN、窒化ハフニウム、HfN、窒化ニオブ、NbN、Nb2N、窒化タンタル、TaN、窒化モリブデン、Mo2N、窒化タングステン、W2N、炭化バナジウム、VC、炭化ハフニウム、HfC、炭化ニオブ、NbC、炭化タンタル、TaC、炭化モリブデン、Mo2C、炭化タングステン、W2C、WC、モリブデン、Mo及びタングステン、Wから選択されるマトリックス中に立方晶窒化ホウ素を含んで成る多結晶超硬質研磨要素;及び
アルミナ、Al2O3、チタニア、TiO2、ハフニア、HfO2、シリカ、SiO2、ジルコニア、ZrO2、窒化チタン、TiN、窒化バナジウム、VN、窒化ハフニウム、HfN、窒化ニオブ、NbN、Nb2N、窒化タンタル、TaN、窒化モリブデン、Mo2N、窒化タングステン、W2N、炭化チタン、TiC、炭化バナジウム、VC、炭化ハフニウム、HfC、炭化ニオブ、NbC、炭化タンタル、TaC、炭化モリブデン、Mo2C、炭化タングステン、W2C、WC、モリブデン、Mo及びタングステン、Wから選択されるマトリックス中にダイヤモンド及び立方晶窒化ホウ素の組み合わせを含んで成る多結晶超硬質研磨要素を含む。
本発明によって製造可能な他の独特の要素又は複合材料は、マトリックス材料の粒子サイズがナノサイズであるという条件で、アルミナマトリックス中のダイヤモンド、窒化チタンマトリックス中の立方晶窒化ホウ素又は炭化チタンマトリックス中の立方晶窒化ホウ素を含む。
ミクロン、サブミクロン又はナノ粒子サイズダイヤモンドの場合、表面を終了する表面官能基は、例えば硝酸及び/又は硫酸の混合物等の濃い酸化力のある酸で加熱する等の方法により、C−OH、C−O−C、C=O及びO=C−O−で、主に作られるように生じさせてよい。別法では、表面をHで終わらせるために、20%水素/アルゴン中900℃で気体熱処理し、その後20%酸素/アルゴン中480℃で熱処理して酸素種によって占められた表面を形成してよい。ダイヤモンド表面に結合する酸素系官能基を生ずる他の方法も使用することができる。酸化したダイヤモンド表面は、ガラス質を好むようになり、即ち、特に水和酸化物(又はハイドレーテッドオキサイド:hydrated oxide)構造を含む酸化物と化学結合を形成することができる。
模式図の2(a)を参照すると、前駆体水和酸化物材料を製造し所望のマトリックス材料にする一般的なゾルゲル技術が使用される。そのようなアプローチの一般的な例は、例えば尿素等の有機化合物の存在下、例えば100℃の温度で硫酸アルミニウム溶液を加水分解して、懸濁物中の粒子を被覆することを含む。このようにして、水和した酸化アルミニウム被覆を生じさせることができる。
表1は、本発明の方法に最も有用ないくつかのアルコキサイドをリストするが、これらに限定されるものではない。
さて、被覆した粒子は、温度プログラム熱処理を受ける。残留揮発性不純物の除去を制御するために、緻密にし(密度を高め又は圧縮し)焼結するために、他の構造相に変えるために、及び被覆をガスと化学的に反応させて他の材料種と相にするために、選択された気体環境(条件又は雰囲気)下で、選択された加熱速度で、選択されたトップ温度へ、選択された時間、このことは行われる。好ましいアプローチは、注意深く選択し制御した流速で、流通ガス系(又はシステム)を用いることである。被覆した粒子材料の加熱を、環状炉、粒子をゆっくり「攪拌」するように組織化され、溶解又は凝集を防止する回転する環状炉、又は選択した制御気体環境で粒子材料を制御加熱するために適切な炉設備で行うことができる。
ナノ粒子サイズ材料を固めるため、十分な緻密さと最小の粒子成長を達成する場合、ホットプレスは、常圧焼結(又は無加圧焼結)と比較して明確な優位性を与える。使用し得るホットプレス技術の例は、そのように設計された炉内で炭素ダイでの一軸ホットプレス法(uniaxial hot pressing)、熱間等静圧圧縮成形法(HIP:hot isostatic pressing)、押出及び高圧技術である。本発明で好ましい超硬質粒子は、ダイヤモンド及び立方晶窒化ホウ素であり、その両者は、大気圧で、例えば1600℃又はそれ以上の高温に長時間さらされると、柔らかいグラファイト又は六方晶系の相に変換しやすい。このことを考慮すると、高圧/高温ホットプレス法は、本発明の方法に好ましい技術である。使用し得る典型的条件は、約2.5〜約8GPaの圧力と、ダイヤモンドとcBNの熱力学的及び/又は化学的安定性によって決定される各圧力に対する温度、典型的には約600℃〜約1800℃の範囲の温度であるが、これらに制限されるものではない。使用し得るタイプの高温/高圧装置は、ピストン・アンド・シリンダー(piston and cylinder)装置、ピストン・アンド・アンビル(piston and anvil)装置、キュービック・アンビル・プレス(cubic anvil press)、トロイダル・アンド・ベルト(toroidal and belt)装置及び他の当業界で既知のものを含む。
50gのサブミクロン立方晶窒化ホウ素(平均粒子サイズは0.7ミクロン、大まかな(又は全般的な)サイズ範囲は0.5〜1.0ミクロン)を、硝酸カリウムを加えた発煙濃硫酸で処理した。洗浄し乾燥後、サブミクロンcBNを更に空気中600℃で30分間加熱した。これらの手順によって、cBN表面化学は酸素関連官能基によって占められ、従ってガラス質を好むようになることが確保された。
平均粒子サイズ2ミクロンの30gのcBN粉末を、水中15%過酸化水素、H2O2、及び15%水酸化アンモニウム、NH4OHの1対1混合溶液中に懸濁させた。これは、cBN粒子表面の加水分解に役立ち、従って、ガラス質を好むようにする。その後、2ミクロンcBN粉末を、懸濁物から濾過で取り出し、脱イオン水で洗浄した。
大きさを砕き、分類手順によって合成ダイヤモンドソースから誘導された50gのダイヤモンドミクロン(平均粒子サイズ1.0ミクロン、大まかなサイズ範囲0.75〜1.5ミクロン)を、硝酸カリウムを加えた発煙濃硫酸で処理した。この清浄化で、ダイヤモンドが金属及び無機表面汚染物質を含まないことを確保した。その後、ダイヤモンドを、アルゴンガス流中20%酸素気流中で、480℃で1時間加熱した。この手順は、ダイヤモンド表面に付された酸素含有官能基を最大にし、表面をガラス質を好むようにした。
例3に詳述した手順を行って、結晶性アナターゼ被覆ダイヤモンド粉末を製造することができる。もし、この粉末を、流通するアルゴン中10%メタンとアルゴン中10%水素のガス混合物に、メタンと水素との適切な比で、約1350℃の温度で数時間(好ましくは5時間より長く)暴露すると、チタニア被覆は炭化チタンに変換されることが期待される。
1ミクロンダイヤモンド(0.75〜1.5ミクロンサイズ範囲)を例3に記載したように酸で清浄にした。20gの酸清浄粉末を、1対1の体積比の過酸化水素(30重量%)と水酸化アンモニウム(25%)に、60℃で還流して暴露した。例3で詳細に記載した手順を、酸化したダイヤモンド粒子に行って、結晶性アナターゼ被覆ダイヤモンド粉末を製造した。
結晶性チタニア被覆cBN粉末を例1に記載したように製造し、空中700℃までの熱処理で、主にアナターゼ被覆cBNを製造した。この粉末をベルト型高圧装置内で5.5GPaの圧力で1350℃の温度に付した。cBNルチル相チタニア複合物をそのように製造した。
0.75〜1.5ミクロンの大まかな粒子サイズを有する1ミクロン合成ダイヤモンド粉末を、例3に記載したように酸で清浄にした。20gのこのダイヤモンド粉末を、258mlの純イソプロパノールと175mlの脱イオン水を含んで成る溶液に懸濁した。この懸濁物を還流装置で60℃に加熱し、パドル型攪拌機を用いて約100rpmで機械的に攪拌した。24gのアルミニウムsec−ブトキサイド(化学式AlO3C12H27)を100mlの無水イソプロパノールに溶かし、加熱し攪拌したダイヤモンド懸濁物に1時間45分かけて滴下して加えた。アルコキサイドの滴下後、懸濁物を、60℃で1時間15分攪拌を続けた。その後、約1mlの塩酸(32%)を加熱した懸濁物に加え、その後、80℃まで加熱し、更にその温度を保ちながら1時間攪拌した。その後、懸濁物を室温まで放冷し、室温で一夜間熟成した。その後、懸濁物を400mbarに減圧し80℃の温度でロータリーエバポレーターを用いて乾燥した。
1ミクロン合成ダイヤモンド粉末(0.75〜1.5ミクロンの大まかな粒子サイズ範囲を有する)を、例3で記載したように酸で清浄にした。30gのこのダイヤモンド粉末を、2.5リットルの純エタノール、500mlの脱イオン水及び60mlの25体積%の水酸化アンモニウム水溶液の混合物に懸濁した。この懸濁液を、超音波プローブを用いて15分間超音波処理した後、約100rpmでパドル型攪拌機で機械的に攪拌した。80gの化学式、Si[C2H5O]4のテトラエチルオルトシリケートを、100ml純エタノールに溶かした。テトラエチルオルトシリケート懸濁物を、激しく攪拌したダイヤモンド懸濁物に、機械的攪拌を行いながら、3時間かけて滴下して加えた。アルコキサイドの滴下後、コロイド懸濁物を更に2時間攪拌し、64時間熟成した。その後、熟成した溶液を純エタノールで6回洗浄し、150mbarの減圧レベル、70〜80℃の温度でロータリーエバポレーターを用いて乾燥した。粉末を更に真空オーブン中60℃で2日間乾燥した。
0.5〜1ミクロンの大まかな粒子サイズ範囲(平均粒子サイズは0.7ミクロン)を有するサブミクロン立方晶窒化ホウ素を、例1に記載のように酸処理した。34.04gの酸処理cBN粉末を、2021mlの純エタノールと42mlの脱イオン水に懸濁した。このcBN懸濁物を超音波プローブで20分間処理して凝集物を除去し、パドル型攪拌機で激しく機械的に攪拌した。
0.5〜1ミクロンの粒子サイズ範囲(0.7ミクロンの平均粒子サイズ)のサブミクロン立方晶窒化ホウ素を、例1に記載したように酸処理した。25gのこの粉末を1.5リットルの純エタノールと30mlの脱イオン水に懸濁し、25分間超音波照射して凝集物を取り除いた。別のビーカーに、0.483gの硝酸イットリウム6水和物、Y(NO3)3・6H2Oを、50mlの純エタノールに溶かし、その後、13.9gのジルコニウム(IV)n−プロポキサイド、化学式Zr[O(CH2)2CH3]4と追加の50mlの純エタノールを加えた。後者のビーカーの内容物をガラス棒で攪拌し、更に分液漏斗で該内容物を振って混合した。硝酸イットリウム6水和物−ジルコニウム(IV)n−プロポキサイド溶液混合物を、攪拌したcBN懸濁物に、2時間かけて室温で滴下して加えた。この添加後、溶液を更に1時間10分機械的に攪拌した。その後、溶液を室温で一夜間熟成した。得られた複数の被覆された粒子は、一晩熟成後きわめて粘性のゲルを形成したことを見出した。48時間の合計の熟成時間後、70〜80℃の温度、400mbarの減圧下で、ゾルゲルをロータリーエバポレーターで乾燥した。
破壊した合成ダイヤモンドから得られた10gのミクロンダイヤモンド(平均サイズ2ミクロン)を、例3に記載したように、酸で清浄にし、酸素中で熱処理した。これによって、粒子表面をガラス質を好むようにし、酸化物材料と結合形成を可能とした。
2ミクロンダイヤモンドのバッチを清浄にし、粒子表面を例1に記載した方法と同様にして調製した。2ミクロンcBNも例3に記載した方法と同様にして、酸で清浄にし、表面を調製した。1:1の質量比で例2及び3に記載した方法と同様に、これらのダイヤモンドとcBN粉末をアルコール性懸濁物に混合し、被覆した。これによって、非晶質酸化チタン被覆ダイヤモンド/cBN粉末を生じ、それによって、各粒子は個々にチタニア中に被覆されると予想される。その後、この粉末を空中で熱処理し、その後乾燥アンモニア中で1100℃で熱処理して(例3に詳細に記載した)、結晶性窒化チタン被覆ダイヤモンド/cBN粉末を生ずるであろう。例2に記載したように、この粉末を、高圧/高温焼結条件に付することで、連続マイクロ/ナノ結晶性窒化チタンマトリックス中に同様にダイヤモンドとcBN粒子の均一な分布を生ずるであろう。
1ミクロン合成ダイヤモンドのバッチを、例3に記載した方法と同様に酸で清浄にして、表面処理をした。
以下、本発明の主な態様を示す。
1.ガラス質を好む表面を有する複数の超硬質研磨粒子を供給する工程、
マトリックス前駆体材料を用いて超硬質研磨粒子を被覆する工程、
被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を処理して、焼結に適するものとする工程、及び
結晶学的に又は熱力学的に安定である圧力及び温度で被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を固めて焼結する工程
を含む多結晶研磨要素の製造方法。
2.被覆した超硬研磨粒子を処理して、マトリックス前駆体材料の酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、酸炭化物、炭窒化物、又はマトリックス前駆体材料の元素形態、又はそれらの組み合わせに、マトリックス前駆体材料を変換する上記1に記載の方法。
3.マトリックス前駆体材料は、非晶質又はナノ結晶性酸化物、水酸化物又はオキソ−水酸化物である上記1又は2に記載の方法。
4.超硬質研磨粒子は、ダイヤモンド、立方晶窒化ホウ素、炭化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、炭化ホウ素及び亜酸化ホウ素(B 6 O)を含んで成る群から選択される上記1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
5.超硬質研磨粒子は、ダイヤモンド又は立方晶窒化ホウ素又はこれらの材料の組み合わせであり、粒子表面をガラス質を好むようにするために、表面処理法で粒子を処理する上記1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
6.変換されたマトリックス前駆体材料は、マトリックス前駆体材料のミクロン、サブミクロン又はナノ粒子サイズの酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、酸炭化物及び炭窒化物、又は元素形態のマトリックス前駆体材料、又はそれらの組み合わせから選択される上記1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
7.変換されたマトリックス前駆体材料は、アルミニウム、チタン、ケイ素、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、ハフニウム、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン及びタングステンの酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、酸炭化物及び炭窒化物、及びこれらの材料の適切な組み合わせから選択される上記1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
8.マトリックス前駆体材料は、アルミニウム、チタン、ケイ素、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、ハフニウム、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン及びタングステンの非晶質又はナノ粒子サイズ化合物及びこれらの材料の適切な組み合わせである上記1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
9.変換されたマトリックス前駆体材料は、元素の形態のタングステン、モリブデン、又はこれらの金属の合金又は組み合わせである上記1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
10.変換されたマトリックス前駆体材料の元素形態は、ナノ粒子サイズのタングステン、モリブデン又はこれらの金属の組み合わせ又は合金である上記1〜6及び9のいずれかに記載の方法。
11.いわゆるゾルゲル技術を用いて、マトリックス前駆体材料を超硬質研磨粒子に被覆する上記1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
12.超硬質研磨粒子を液体媒体中に懸濁させ、適切な化学反応剤を入れて、各粒子の表面と結合し、粒子上に被覆を構成するコロイド体を形成する上記11に記載の方法。
13.適切な化学反応剤は、少なくとも一種のアルコキサイド又はアルコキサイドのアルコール溶液である上記12に記載の方法。
14.液体媒体は、アルコールと水のアリコートである上記12又は13に記載の方法。
15.アルコキサイドは、アルミニウム、チタン、ケイ素、ジルコニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、ハフニウム及びイットリウムから選択される元素のアルコキサイドである上記13又は14に記載の方法。
16.アルミニウム、チタン、ケイ素、ジルコニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、ハフニウム及びイットリウム元素のアルコキサイドから選択される、二種又はそれ以上のアルコキサイドを液体媒体に入れる上記13又は14に記載の方法。
17.適切な化学反応剤は、アルミニウム、チタン、ケイ素、ジルコニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、ハフニウム及びイットリウム元素の二種又はそれ以上を組み込む混合アルコキサイド化合物又はコンプレックスである上記13又は14に記載の方法。
18.アルコールは、アルコキサイドと同じアルキル基を有する上記13〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
19.マトリックス前駆体材料被覆は、実質的に細孔性である上記1〜18のいずれかに記載の方法。
20.被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を、空気、真空又は不活性ガス中で温度制御加熱に付し、高表面積の細孔性非晶質被覆に付着した好ましくない化学種及び揮発性物質を除去する上記19に記載の方法。
21.被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を更に熱処理又は焼成に付して、被覆を結晶化し、微粒子又はナノサイズの粒子酸化物セラミックを形成する上記20に記載の方法。
22.被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を更に熱処理に付して、被覆をガラス質に変えてガラスを形成する上記20に記載の方法。
23.被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を反応性ガス中で温度制御反応に付して、被覆材料を非酸化物セラミック又はガラスに変換する上記19〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
24.被覆をアンモニアガスと反応させることで窒化物を形成する上記23に記載の方法。
25.炭素質ガスと水素の混合物中で被覆を反応させて、炭化物を形成する上記23又は24に記載の方法。
26.メタン又はエタンと水素の混合物中で被覆を反応させて、炭化物を形成する上記25に記載の方法。
27.被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を反応性ガス中で温度制御反応に付して、被覆材料を、酸窒化物又は酸炭化物セラミック又はガラスに変換する上記19〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
28.酸化物被覆を水素で還元し、ミクロン又はナノ粒子サイズの元素又は金属に変換する上記21に記載の方法。
29.被覆された超硬質研磨粒子を、ホットプレスで固めて圧縮し焼結する上記1〜28のいずれかに記載の方法。
30.被覆された超硬質研磨粒子を、高圧高温条件下で固めて圧縮し焼結する上記1〜29のいずれかに記載の方法。
31.チタニア、TiO 2 、ハフニア、HfO 2 、シリカ、SiO 2 、ジルコニア、ZrO 2 、窒化チタン、TiN、窒化バナジウム、VN、窒化ハフニウム、HfN、窒化ニオブ、NbN、Nb 2 N、窒化タンタル、TaN、窒化モリブデン、Mo 2 N、窒化タングステン、W 2 N、炭化チタン、TiC、炭化バナジウム、VC、炭化ハフニウム、HfC、炭化ニオブ、NbC、炭化タンタル、TaC、炭化モリブデン、Mo 2 C、炭化タングステン、W 2 C、WC、モリブデン、Mo及びタングステン、Wから選択されるマトリックス中にダイヤモンドを含んで成る多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
32.アルミナ、Al 2 O 3 、チタニア、TiO 2 、ハフニア、HfO 2 、シリカ、SiO 2 、ジルコニア、ZrO 2 、窒化バナジウム、VN、窒化ハフニウム、HfN、窒化ニオブ、NbN、Nb 2 N、窒化タンタル、TaN、窒化モリブデン、Mo 2 N、窒化タングステン、W 2 N、炭化バナジウム、VC、炭化ハフニウム、HfC、炭化ニオブ、NbC、炭化タンタル、TaC、炭化モリブデン、Mo 2 C、炭化タングステン、W 2 C、WC、モリブデン、Mo及びタングステン、Wから選択されるマトリックス中に立方晶窒化ホウ素を含んで成る多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
33.アルミナ、Al 2 O 3 、チタニア、TiO 2 、ハフニア、HfO 2 、シリカ、SiO 2 、ジルコニア、ZrO 2 、窒化チタン、TiN、窒化バナジウム、VN、窒化ハフニウム、HfN、窒化ニオブ、NbN、Nb 2 N、窒化タンタル、TaN、窒化モリブデン、Mo 2 N、窒化タングステン、W 2 N、炭化チタン、TiC、炭化バナジウム、VC、炭化ハフニウム、HfC、炭化ニオブ、NbC、炭化タンタル、TaC、炭化モリブデン、Mo 2 C、炭化タングステン、W 2 C、WC、モリブデン、Mo及びタングステン、Wから選択されるマトリックス中にダイヤモンド及び立方晶窒化ホウ素の組み合わせを含んで成る多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
34.マトリックス材料の粒子サイズがナノサイズであるという条件で、アルミナマトリックス中にダイヤモンド、窒化チタンマトリックス中に立方晶窒化ホウ素又は炭化チタンマトリックス中に立方晶窒化ホウ素を含んで成る多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
35.ダイヤモンド又は立方晶窒化ホウ素は、ミクロン、サブミクロン又はナノサイズである上記31〜34のいずれかに記載の多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
36.マトリックス材料は、非化学量論的である上記31〜35のいずれかに記載の多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
37.説明に役立つ例のいずれかを参照して本明細書で実質的に説明した上記1に記載の方法。
38.説明に役立つ例のいずれかを参照して本明細書で実質的に説明した多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
Claims (38)
- ガラス質を好む表面を有する複数の超硬質研磨粒子を供給する工程、
マトリックス前駆体材料を用いて超硬質研磨粒子を被覆する工程、
被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を処理して、焼結に適するものとする工程、及び
結晶学的に又は熱力学的に安定である圧力及び温度で被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を固めて焼結する工程
を含む多結晶研磨要素の製造方法。 - 被覆した超硬研磨粒子を処理して、マトリックス前駆体材料の酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、酸炭化物、炭窒化物、又はマトリックス前駆体材料の元素形態、又はそれらの組み合わせに、マトリックス前駆体材料を変換する請求項1に記載の方法。
- マトリックス前駆体材料は、非晶質又はナノ結晶性酸化物、水酸化物又はオキソ−水酸化物である請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 超硬質研磨粒子は、ダイヤモンド、立方晶窒化ホウ素、炭化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、炭化ホウ素及び亜酸化ホウ素(B6O)を含んで成る群から選択される請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 超硬質研磨粒子は、ダイヤモンド又は立方晶窒化ホウ素又はこれらの材料の組み合わせであり、粒子表面をガラス質を好むようにするために、表面処理法で粒子を処理する請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 変換されたマトリックス前駆体材料は、マトリックス前駆体材料のミクロン、サブミクロン又はナノ粒子サイズの酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、酸炭化物及び炭窒化物、又は元素形態のマトリックス前駆体材料、又はそれらの組み合わせから選択される請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 変換されたマトリックス前駆体材料は、アルミニウム、チタン、ケイ素、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、ハフニウム、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン及びタングステンの酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、酸炭化物及び炭窒化物、及びこれらの材料の適切な組み合わせから選択される1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- マトリックス前駆体材料は、アルミニウム、チタン、ケイ素、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、ハフニウム、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン及びタングステンの非晶質又はナノ粒子サイズ化合物及びこれらの材料の適切な組み合わせである請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 変換されたマトリックス前駆体材料は、元素の形態のタングステン、モリブデン、又はこれらの金属の合金又は組み合わせである請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 変換されたマトリックス前駆体材料の元素形態は、ナノ粒子サイズのタングステン、モリブデン又はこれらの金属の組み合わせ又は合金である請求項1〜6及び9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- いわゆるゾルゲル技術を用いて、マトリックス前駆体材料を超硬質研磨粒子に被覆する請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 超硬質研磨粒子を液体媒体中に懸濁させ、適切な化学反応剤を入れて、各粒子の表面と結合し、粒子上に被覆を構成するコロイド体を形成する請求項11に記載の方法。
- 適切な化学反応剤は、少なくとも一種のアルコキサイド又はアルコキサイドのアルコール溶液である請求項12に記載の方法。
- 液体媒体は、アルコールと水のアリコートである請求項12又は13に記載の方法。
- アルコキサイドは、アルミニウム、チタン、ケイ素、ジルコニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、ハフニウム及びイットリウムから選択される元素のアルコキサイドである請求項13又は14に記載の方法。
- アルミニウム、チタン、ケイ素、ジルコニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、ハフニウム及びイットリウム元素のアルコキサイドから選択される、二種又はそれ以上のアルコキサイドを液体媒体に入れる請求項13又は14に記載の方法。
- 適切な化学反応剤は、アルミニウム、チタン、ケイ素、ジルコニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、ハフニウム及びイットリウム元素の二種又はそれ以上を組み込む混合アルコキサイド化合物又はコンプレックスである請求項13又は14に記載の方法。
- アルコールは、アルコキサイドと同じアルキル基を有する請求項13〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- マトリックス前駆体材料被覆は、実質的に細孔性である請求項1〜18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を、空気、真空又は不活性ガス中で温度制御加熱に付し、高表面積の細孔性非晶質被覆に付着した好ましくない化学種及び揮発性物質を除去する請求項19に記載の方法。
- 被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を更に熱処理又は焼成に付して、被覆を結晶化し、微粒子又はナノサイズの粒子酸化物セラミックを形成する請求項20に記載の方法。
- 被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を更に熱処理に付して、被覆をガラス質に変えてガラスを形成する請求項20に記載の方法。
- 被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を反応性ガス中で温度制御反応に付して、被覆材料を非酸化物セラミック又はガラスに変換する請求項19〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 被覆をアンモニアガスと反応させることで窒化物を形成する請求項23に記載の方法。
- 炭素質ガスと水素の混合物中で被覆を反応させて、炭化物を形成する請求項23又は24に記載の方法。
- メタン又はエタンと水素の混合物中で被覆を反応させて、炭化物を形成する請求項25に記載の方法。
- 被覆した超硬質研磨粒子を反応性ガス中で温度制御反応に付して、被覆材料を、酸窒化物又は酸炭化物セラミック又はガラスに変換する請求項19〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 酸化物被覆を水素で還元し、ミクロン又はナノ粒子サイズの元素又は金属に変換する請求項21に記載の方法。
- 被覆された超硬質研磨粒子を、ホットプレスで固めて圧縮し焼結する請求項1〜28のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 被覆された超硬質研磨粒子を、高圧高温条件下で固めて圧縮し焼結する請求項1〜29のいずれかに記載の方法。
- チタニア、TiO2、ハフニア、HfO2、シリカ、SiO2、ジルコニア、ZrO2、窒化チタン、TiN、窒化バナジウム、VN、窒化ハフニウム、HfN、窒化ニオブ、NbN、Nb2N、窒化タンタル、TaN、窒化モリブデン、Mo2N、窒化タングステン、W2N、炭化チタン、TiC、炭化バナジウム、VC、炭化ハフニウム、HfC、炭化ニオブ、NbC、炭化タンタル、TaC、炭化モリブデン、Mo2C、炭化タングステン、W2C、WC、モリブデン、Mo及びタングステン、Wから選択されるマトリックス中にダイヤモンドを含んで成る多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
- アルミナ、Al2O3、チタニア、TiO2、ハフニア、HfO2、シリカ、SiO2、ジルコニア、ZrO2、窒化バナジウム、VN、窒化ハフニウム、HfN、窒化ニオブ、NbN、Nb2N、窒化タンタル、TaN、窒化モリブデン、Mo2N、窒化タングステン、W2N、炭化バナジウム、VC、炭化ハフニウム、HfC、炭化ニオブ、NbC、炭化タンタル、TaC、炭化モリブデン、Mo2C、炭化タングステン、W2C、WC、モリブデン、Mo及びタングステン、Wから選択されるマトリックス中に立方晶窒化ホウ素を含んで成る多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
- アルミナ、Al2O3、チタニア、TiO2、ハフニア、HfO2、シリカ、SiO2、ジルコニア、ZrO2、窒化チタン、TiN、窒化バナジウム、VN、窒化ハフニウム、HfN、窒化ニオブ、NbN、Nb2N、窒化タンタル、TaN、窒化モリブデン、Mo2N、窒化タングステン、W2N、炭化チタン、TiC、炭化バナジウム、VC、炭化ハフニウム、HfC、炭化ニオブ、NbC、炭化タンタル、TaC、炭化モリブデン、Mo2C、炭化タングステン、W2C、WC、モリブデン、Mo及びタングステン、Wから選択されるマトリックス中にダイヤモンド及び立方晶窒化ホウ素の組み合わせを含んで成る多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
- マトリックス材料の粒子サイズがナノサイズであるという条件で、アルミナマトリックス中にダイヤモンド、窒化チタンマトリックス中に立方晶窒化ホウ素又は炭化チタンマトリックス中に立方晶窒化ホウ素を含んで成る多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
- ダイヤモンド又は立方晶窒化ホウ素は、ミクロン、サブミクロン又はナノサイズである請求項31〜34のいずれかに記載の多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
- マトリックス材料は、非化学量論的である請求項31〜35のいずれかに記載の多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
- 説明に役立つ例のいずれかを参照して本明細書で実質的に説明した請求項1に記載の方法。
- 説明に役立つ例のいずれかを参照して本明細書で実質的に説明した多結晶超硬質研磨要素。
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| KR20170127504A (ko) * | 2015-03-09 | 2017-11-21 | 엘리먼트 씩스 (유케이) 리미티드 | 다결정성 연마 구조물 |
| JP2018508376A (ja) * | 2015-03-09 | 2018-03-29 | エレメント シックス (ユーケイ) リミテッド | 多結晶研磨材構築物 |
| KR102011586B1 (ko) * | 2015-03-09 | 2019-08-16 | 엘리먼트 씩스 (유케이) 리미티드 | 다결정성 연마 구조물 |
| JP2018165234A (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-25 | 日本新金属株式会社 | 微粒炭化タングステン粉末の製造方法 |
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