JP2012013369A - Waste treatment machine - Google Patents

Abstract

In an incinerator 2 in an incinerator 1, a heated bed 3 for burning waste is provided. Above the heated bed 3, an exhaust pipe 22 communicating with the incinerator 2 and combustion of waste are provided. A hot air cylinder 6 in which the generated hot air rises and a waste passage 19 adjacent to the outside of the hot air cylinder 6 are provided. The hot air cylinder 6 is provided with a plurality of hot air discharge holes 11. A spiral passage 10 in which hot air rises from the heating floor 3 through the opening 6 a is provided in the hot air cylinder 6, and each hot air discharge hole 11 communicates with the spiral passage 10. When the waste supplied to the incineration chamber 2 from the waste inlet 18 passes through the waste passage 19 and reaches the heated floor 3, it is discharged from the hot air discharge holes 11 of the hot air pipe 6 to the waste passage 19. The waste that passes through the waste passage 19 is dried by hot air.
[Effects] Waste that passes through the waste passage 19 is dried in advance by hot air from the hot air discharge hole 11 of the hot air cylinder 6 to efficiently treat waste that has a high moisture content or that can only be processed at high temperatures. Can do.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste disposal machine equipped with an incinerator.

  As a conventional waste processing machine, a general incinerator (for example, Patent Document 1) capable of reducing the amount of waste by incineration at a high temperature, or reducing the amount of waste by incineration at a low temperature by an oxidation-reduction reaction. A low temperature incinerator (for example, Patent Document 2), a waste disposal machine (for example, waste that mixes a treatment agent containing enzymes and microorganisms, or a waste that does not mix) can be agitated by blades and dried to reduce the amount Patent Document 3) is known.

JP 2005-141914 A JP 2008-64324 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-17946

  In the above-mentioned general incinerator, when processing waste with a high moisture content, oil, gas, electricity, etc. are used to burn at 800 ° C. or higher and reduce moisture to suppress the generation of chemical substances such as dioxins. Therefore, it is necessary to perform enormous heat energy, increase the size of the treatment area, increase the size of the treatment area, or perform pretreatment to lower the moisture content, and are not suitable for the treatment of waste with a high moisture content. The above-mentioned low temperature incinerator has the disadvantage that it becomes impossible to process due to a drop in thermal power when a large amount of waste with a moisture content of 40% or more is put in, so it is not suitable for the treatment of waste with the same high moisture content. The above garbage processing machine can handle waste with a high moisture content, but it cannot process waste such as vinyl, wood, plastic bottles, polystyrene foam or cloth that can be processed with an incinerator. When trying to treat rice or sludge, it becomes hard and cannot be continued.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment machine equipped with an incinerator capable of efficiently treating waste having a high moisture content and waste that cannot be treated at high temperatures.

The present invention will be described with reference to the reference numerals of the drawings (embodiments shown in FIG. 1) of embodiments described later.
The waste disposal machine according to the first aspect of the present invention is configured as follows.
In the incinerator 2 in the incinerator 1, a heated floor 3 for burning waste is provided. Above the heated floor 3, an exhaust pipe 22 communicating with the incinerator 2 and hot air generated by combustion of the waste Is provided, and a waste passage 19 adjacent to the outside of the hot air tube 6 is provided. The hot air cylinder 6 is provided with eddy current generating means 10 through which hot air rises from the heating bed 3 through the opening 6a. The hot air cylinder 6 is provided with a plurality of hot air discharge holes 11 communicating with the eddy current generating means 10. Yes. A magnetic air introduction pipe 12 for supplying magnetic air is connected to the opening 6a of the hot air tube 6, and the magnetic air introduction pipe 12 can be supplied and stopped to change the amount of supply air. Is provided. When the hot air generated by the primary combustion of the waste in the heated bed 3 rises to the vortex generating means 10 in the hot air cylinder 6 through the opening 6a, the waste is subjected to secondary combustion at a higher temperature than the primary combustion by the hot air. . When the waste supplied to the incineration chamber 2 from the waste inlet 18 provided in the incinerator 1 passes through the waste passage 19 and reaches the heated floor 3, it is discarded from each hot air discharge hole 11 of the hot air cylinder 6. The waste that passes through the waste passage 19 is dried by the hot air discharged into the waste passage 19. For example, the hot air cylinder 6 has a peripheral wall 7 extending upward from the outer periphery of the opening 6a through which hot air rises from the heating floor 3, and an end wall 8 facing the opening 6a in the vertical direction, and the waste passage 19 faces the entire peripheral wall 7. Further, for example, the hot air discharge hole 11 is provided in at least the peripheral wall 7 of the peripheral wall 7 and the end wall 8.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the waste passing through the waste passage 19 can be dried in advance by hot air from the hot air discharge hole 11 of the hot air cylinder 6, and waste having a high moisture content can be efficiently processed. Further, a strong air flow is generated by the eddy current generating means 10 to generate hot air of 400 to 1000 ° C. in the hot air cylinder 6, and it becomes easy to incinerate at 700 ° C. or higher, and it is possible to process what cannot be processed at high temperature. it can. Furthermore, the combustion efficiency can be increased by operating the on-off valve 15 that can change the supply air amount by supplying and stopping the magnetic air from the magnetic air introduction pipe 12.

  In the second invention based on the first invention, the vortex generating means is a spiral passage 10. In the invention of claim 2, the spiral passage 10 can easily generate a vortex.

  In the invention of claim 3 based on the invention of claim 1 or claim 2, a magnetic air introduction pipe 13 for supplying magnetic air is connected to the heated floor 3, and the magnetic air introduction pipe 13 is connected to magnetic air. The on-off valve 15 is provided which can change the supply air amount by supplying and stopping. In the invention of claim 3, the magnetic air introduction pipe 12 and the on-off valve 15 for supplying magnetic air to the opening 6 a of the hot air cylinder 6, and the magnetic air introduction pipe 13 and the on-off valve 15 for supplying magnetic air to the heating floor 3 are provided. Depending on the waste to be treated, the combustion efficiency can be increased by using them differently.

  In the incinerator 1 according to the invention of claim 4 based on the invention of claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3, a moisture removal chamber 21 having a moisture introduction passage 21 a communicating with the incineration chamber 2 is provided. Moisture is discharged from a moisture outlet path 20 a provided in the moisture removal chamber 21. For example, the moisture removal chamber 21 is provided with an air introduction path 21b. In the invention of claim 4, waste having a high moisture content can be treated more efficiently.

Next, technical ideas other than the claims will be described with reference to the reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments.
In a fifth invention based on the invention of any one of claims 1 to 4, a three-dimensional network structure is formed by a plurality of pores including a purification catalyst material and having mutually different passage cross-sectional areas. A deodorizing and smoke eliminating structure comprising a plurality of purified catalyst masses 25a each having a pore group formed therein and opened by exposing each pore in the pore group to the surface, and producing a plurality of passages between the purified catalyst masses 25a. A body 25 is installed in the exhaust pipe 22, and a magnetic air supply pipe 26 is connected to the exhaust pipe 22 on the inlet side with respect to the deodorant and smoke eliminating body 25. In the fifth aspect of the invention, oily substances such as coal tar, wood tar, and petroleum tar whose main component is hydrocarbon can be removed.

  The incinerator 1 of the waste treatment machine according to the present invention can efficiently treat waste having a high moisture content or one that can be treated only at a high temperature.

It is sectional drawing which shows roughly the incinerator of the waste disposal machine concerning this embodiment.

Hereinafter, a waste disposal machine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The incinerator 1 has a cylindrical shape such as a cylinder or a square tube by a bottom wall 1a, a peripheral wall 1b, and a top wall 1c, and has an incineration chamber 2 surrounded by the walls 1a, 1b, 1c. At the bottom of the incinerator 2 in the incinerator 1, a mortar-shaped heated floor 3 for burning waste is provided, and ash that has fallen from the bottom shelf 3 a is recovered below the bottom shelf 3 a of the heated floor 3. An ash box 4 is provided, and an ash discharge port 5 for taking out the ash from the ash box 4 is provided.

  Above the heating bed 3, the incineration chamber 2 is provided with a hot air cylinder 6 in which hot air generated from the waste burned in the heating bed 3 rises. The hot air cylinder 6 includes a cylindrical peripheral wall 7 such as a cylinder or a square cylinder that extends upward from the outer periphery of the opening 6a through which hot air rises from the heating floor 3, and a cone or a pyramid that faces the opening 6a in the vertical direction. And a conical end wall 8. Note that the outer diameter of the peripheral wall 7 of the hot air tube 6 is narrower than the inner diameter of the peripheral wall 1 b of the incinerator 1. The heating space between the opening 6a and the heating floor 3 is open to the outer periphery. A guide plate 9 is spirally provided in the vertical direction from the opening 6a toward the end wall 8 on the inner periphery of the peripheral wall 7 of the hot air cylinder 6, and the spiral passage 10 through which the hot air is guided to the end wall 8 through the opening 6a. (Swirl generating means) is provided by the guide plate 9. The cross-sectional area of the spiral passage 10 is narrower than the cross-sectional area of the peripheral wall 7. A large number of hot air discharge holes 11 communicating with the spiral passage 10 are disposed in the peripheral wall 7 of the hot air cylinder 6 from the opening 6 a to the end wall 8 in the entire circumferential direction. A number of hot air discharge holes 11 communicating with the spiral passage 10 are also provided on the end wall 8. Incidentally, the secondary combustion temperature (400 to 1000 ° C.) of the waste in the opening 6 a of the hot air tube 6 is higher than the primary combustion temperature (300 to 400 ° C.) of the waste in the heated bed 3.

  A plurality of magnetic air introduction pipes 12 and 13 are inserted into the opening 6a of the hot air tube 6 and the bottom shelf 3a of the heating floor 3 respectively, and are arranged in parallel in the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall 1b of the incinerator 1. Yes. In these magnetic air introduction pipes 12 and 13, strong magnetism can be generated by the permanent magnet 16 in the air supplied to the opening 6 a and the bottom shelf 3 a via the fan 14 and the opening / closing valve 15. The supply air amount can be changed by adjusting the on-off valve 15 or the like. A crater tube 17 is inserted below the bottom shelf 3a of the heated floor 3 to ignite the waste on the bottom shelf 3a with a burner or the like.

  The top wall 1c of the incinerator 1 is provided with a waste inlet 18 above the hot air tube 6. In order to prevent the leakage of smoke and odor, the waste inlet 18 has a double structure with an outer lid 18a and an inner lid 18b that can be opened and closed, and between the outer lid 18a and the inner lid 18b. In order to prevent sticking of vinyl or the like, it has a storage chamber 18c treated with Teflon (registered trademark). Between the end wall 8 of the hot air tube 6 and the top wall 1c and the waste inlet 18, and between the entire outer periphery of the peripheral wall 7 of the hot air tube 6 and the entire inner periphery of the peripheral wall 1b of the incinerator 1. A waste passage 19 through which the waste supplied to the incineration chamber 2 from the waste inlet 18 passes to the heated floor 3 is provided adjacent to the outside of the hot air tube 6. Each hot air discharge hole 11 of the hot air cylinder 6 communicates with the waste passage 19. The hot air discharged from each hot air discharge hole 11 to the waste passage 19 through the spiral passage 10 of the hot air cylinder 6 dries the waste passing through the waste passage 19.

  Below the top wall 1 c of the incinerator 1, a roof 20 having a gutter 20 a on the outer periphery is provided above the hot air duct 6 and the waste passage 19, and the top wall 1 c is above the roof 20. Are provided with a moisture removal chamber 21, communicated with the incineration chamber 2, introduces moisture-containing exhaust gas into the moisture removal chamber 21, and introduces air into the moisture removal chamber 21. A path 21b is provided. Further, an exhaust pipe 22 is connected to the top wall 1c of the incinerator 1 through a moisture removing chamber 21, and a deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 23 is connected to a terminal portion of the exhaust pipe 22. Smoke and odor remaining in the storage chamber 18c of the waste input port 18 are sent to the deodorizing and smoking device 23 through a discharge pipe (not shown) for processing. A water tank 24 that collects dew condensation water is connected to the middle of the exhaust pipe 22, and the water collected in the eaves 20 a (moisture outlet path) of the roof 20 can be collected in the water tank 24 by a drain pipe (not shown). The top wall 1c of the incinerator 1 is provided with a valve 21c that opens when the oxygen concentration in the incineration chamber 2 increases and releases the pressure in the moisture removal chamber 21.

  A plurality of deodorizing and smoke eliminating bodies 25 having ceramics for purification by a catalyst are detachably attached to the exhaust pipe 22 and are arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the exhaust pipe 22. These deodorant and smoke eliminating bodies 25 contain a large number of purification catalyst lumps 25a (ceramic lumps) that are formed in a gravel shape of 5 to 20 mm and have various outer shapes, and a large number of passages between the respective purification catalyst lumps 25a. Is caused. The purification catalyst lump 25a includes a purification catalyst material and has a group of pores having a three-dimensional network structure by a large number of pores having different passage cross-sectional areas, and each pore in the pore group is exposed to the surface and opened. Is. A magnetic air supply pipe 26 is connected to the exhaust pipe 22 on the inlet side with respect to the deodorant / smoke body 25. In this magnetic air supply pipe 26, strong magnetism can be generated by the permanent magnet 29 in the air supplied to the exhaust pipe 22 via the fan 27 and the opening / closing valve 28, and the adjustment of the fan 27, the opening / closing valve 28, etc. Thus, the supply air amount can be changed.

  The waste supplied to the incineration chamber 2 from the waste inlet 18 passes through the waste passage 19 to the heated floor 3 and is ignited by the crater pipe 17 in the heated floor 3 to be primary at 300 to 400 ° C. While burning, secondary combustion is performed at 400 to 1000 ° C. in the opening 6 a of the hot air tube 6 that generates a strong air flow in the spiral passage 10. The hot air of 400 to 1000 ° C. generated in the hot air cylinder 6 dries the waste that passes through the waste passage 19 in advance before dropping onto the heated floor 3. By using any one or a combination of two or more of the fan 14, the on-off valve 15, and the permanent magnet 16 in each of the magnetic air introduction pipes 12 and 13, it is possible to efficiently burn according to various wastes. Exhaust gas from the incineration chamber 2 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 22 to the deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 23 through the introduction path 21a and the moisture removal chamber 21. At that time, the moisture in the exhaust is removed from the exhaust pipe 22 and the moisture removal chamber 21 to the water tank 24.

This embodiment has the following effects.
(1) When low temperature treatment is performed with magnetic air, combustion can be maintained even when the oxygen concentration is low, and generation of chemical substances such as dioxin can be suppressed. However, since it burns at 300 to 400 ° C., it is not possible to treat waste with a high moisture content or paper diapers containing an adsorbent that cannot be processed unless the temperature is higher than 500 ° C. Since the hot air of 400 to 1000 ° C. generated in the hot air cylinder 6 that can generate a strong air flow by the spiral passage 10 is supplied from each hot air discharge hole 11 to the waste that passes through the waste passage 19, After the waste is dried in advance before dropping onto the heated floor 3, the waste is primarily burned at 300 to 400 ° C on the heated floor 3, and the waste is 400 to 1000 ° C at the opening 6a of the hot air tube 6. Secondary combustion. Therefore, wastes with a high moisture content can be efficiently processed without using fossil fuels, and paper diapers containing an adsorbent that can only be processed at a high temperature of 500 ° C. or higher can be processed at a high temperature. In addition, since waste can be treated at a high temperature at 800 ° C. or higher, generation of ash and exhaust gas of chemical substances such as dioxin can be reduced without using chemical fuel. Furthermore, waste tar that tends to accumulate when subjected to low temperature treatment with magnetic air can be incinerated by high temperature treatment.

  (2) Since the waste is primarily burned at 300 to 400 ° C. in the heated bed 3, gas is partially generated, but the gas is generated in the hot wind tube 6 that can generate a strong air flow through the spiral passage 10. Can be incinerated at 400-1000 ° C.

  (3) The incinerator 1 has a double structure by the hot air cylinder 6 and the waste and air in the waste passage 19 perform a heat insulating function, and in the incineration chamber 2 on the outer side of the hot air cylinder 6 near the roof 20 40 to 120 ° C., 300 to 400 ° C. near the bottom shelf 3 a of the heated floor 3 close to the opening 6 a of the hot air tube 6, 40 to 120 ° C. on the upper side and 50 to 100 ° C. on the lower side outside the incinerator 1. It becomes. Therefore, the incinerator 1 can be prolonged.

  (4) Combustion efficiency can be increased by the magnetic air introduction pipes 12 in the opening 6 a of the hot air cylinder 6 and the air introduction pipes 13 in the bottom shelf 3 a of the heated floor 3. Among them, if each magnetic air introduction pipe 12 is stopped, only dry matter such as waste plastic can be processed slowly over time. In general, whether or not each magnetic air introduction pipe 12, 13 is used, one or both of the magnetic air introduction pipes 12, 13 are used, and the fan 14 and on-off valve 15 in each magnetic air introduction pipe 12, 13 are used. And the use of one or a combination of two or more of the permanent magnet 16 can be selected as appropriate. For example, when a large amount of petroleum products such as vinyl and polystyrene foam is included as waste, the temperature rise in the hot air tube 6 can be suppressed and adjusted to 400 to 700 ° C.

  (5) In the moisture removal chamber 21 in which fresh air can be taken in from each air introduction path 21b, dew formation is likely to occur, and moisture introduced from the incineration chamber 2 via each introduction path 21a from the roof 20a of the roof 20 Since it can discharge | emit, especially a waste with a high moisture content can be processed efficiently.

  (6) Magnetic air-treated ash can be reduced to 1 / 10-3000, and dioxins, etc. are about 1 / 60th of the Japanese standard. In addition, organic substances can be treated, but inorganic substances cannot be treated, so metals such as rare metals can be taken out from mobile phones and personal computers. In this case, primary combustion occurs at 300 to 400 ° C. There is no fear.

(7) Since the purification catalyst lump 25a of the deodorant and smoke eliminating body 25 is formed in a gravel shape of 5 to 20 mm, the chemical substance flows through a complicated passage between the aggregates of the purification catalyst lump 25a, and the purification catalyst lump The chemical substance also enters pores having different passage cross-sectional areas in 25a, and the contact area with the chemical substance is widened to increase the processing capacity. Further, in the deodorant / smoke body 25, due to the difference in the passage cross-sectional area between the passages between the purification catalyst lumps 25a and the pores in the purification catalyst lumps 25a, the passages, those having a large passage cross-sectional area among the pores, Exhaust passes in the order of the smaller cross-sectional area of the passage, and a time difference is generated in the treatment by the passage and the pores, and the treatment can be performed without clogging due to their synergistic effect. When the purification catalyst lump 25a is manufactured, palladium, platinum, rhodium, alumina-ceria, zirconia, etc. are attached individually or in combination with each other and dried and fired. Moreover, those baked obsidian and, Mo, Li, Zn, Cu , Ni, Co, Mn, MgO, Fe203, comprises _{TiO 2, CaO, Na20, K} 2 O, Al203, etc. SiO ₂ naturally at 1000 ° C. Odor and smoke can be removed by using only burned perlite.

  (8) In addition, carbonization is performed by changing the amount of supplied air by adjusting the magnetic air supplied from the magnetic air supply pipe 26 to the exhaust pipe 22 on the inlet side with respect to the deodorant and smoke eliminating body 25 or by adjusting the fan 27 and the on-off valve 28. Oily substances such as coal tar, wood tar and petroleum tar containing hydrogen as a main component can be removed.

For example, the following embodiment may be configured as follows.
In the hot air cylinder 6 of the above embodiment, the end wall 8 is omitted, and the upper part of the peripheral wall 7 is opened in the same manner as the opening 6a and connected to the deodorizing and smoke eliminating device (not shown) from the exhaust pipe 22.

  In the above embodiment, the vortex flow is generated by the spiral passage 10 as the vortex generation means. However, for example, the vortex flow is generated by generating a jet of hot air along the inner peripheral surface of the hot air tube at the opening of the hot air tube. It may be.

-About the spiral channel 10 of the said embodiment, you may make it a double spiral structure other than a single spiral structure.
In the embodiment, one of the magnetic air introduction pipe 12 and the magnetic air introduction pipe 13 is omitted.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Incinerator, 2 ... Incineration chamber, 3 ... Heated bed, 6 ... Hot air pipe, 6a ... Opening of a hot air pipe, 7 ... Perimeter wall of a hot air pipe, 8 ... End wall of a hot air pipe, 10 ... Spiral passage (eddy current generation means) , 11 ... Hot air discharge holes, 12, 13 ... Air introduction pipes, 15 ... On-off valve, 18 ... Waste input port, 19 ... Waste passage, 20 a ... Soot (moisture outlet passage), 21 ... Moisture removal chamber, 21 a DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Introduction path (moisture introduction path), 21b ... Air introduction path, 22 ... Exhaust pipe, 25 ... Deodorant / smoke body, 25a ... Purification catalyst lump, 26 ... Magnetic air supply pipe.

Claims (4)

In the incinerator in the incinerator, a heating floor for burning waste is provided, and above the heating floor, an exhaust pipe communicating with the incineration chamber, and a hot wind tube in which hot air generated by the combustion of the waste rises A waste passage adjacent to the outside of the hot air tube,
In the hot air cylinder, there are provided eddy current generating means in which the hot air rises from the heated floor through the opening, and the hot air cylinder is provided with a plurality of hot air discharge holes communicating with the eddy current generating means,
A magnetic air introduction pipe for supplying magnetic air is connected to the opening of the hot air tube, and the magnetic air introduction pipe is provided with an opening / closing valve capable of changing the supply air amount by supplying and stopping the magnetic air,
When hot air generated by primary combustion of waste in this heated bed rises to the eddy current generating means in the hot air cylinder through the opening, the hot air causes secondary combustion of the waste at a higher temperature than the primary combustion,
When the waste supplied to the incineration chamber from the waste inlet provided in the incinerator passes through the waste passage and reaches the heated floor, the hot air discharged from the hot air discharge holes of the hot air pipe to the waste passage A waste treatment machine for drying waste that passes through a waste passage.   The waste treatment machine according to claim 1, wherein the vortex generating means is a spiral passage.   A magnetic air introduction pipe for supplying magnetic air is connected to the heating floor, and the magnetic air introduction pipe is provided with an opening / closing valve capable of changing the supply air amount by supplying and stopping the magnetic air. The waste disposal machine according to claim 1 or 2.   3. A moisture removal chamber having a moisture introduction channel communicating with the incineration chamber is provided in the incinerator, and moisture is discharged from a moisture outlet channel provided in the moisture removal chamber. Item 4. A waste disposal machine according to item 3.

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