JP2009508292A - カーボンナノチューブによる多層導電体 - Google Patents
カーボンナノチューブによる多層導電体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009508292A JP2009508292A JP2008529007A JP2008529007A JP2009508292A JP 2009508292 A JP2009508292 A JP 2009508292A JP 2008529007 A JP2008529007 A JP 2008529007A JP 2008529007 A JP2008529007 A JP 2008529007A JP 2009508292 A JP2009508292 A JP 2009508292A
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/127—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising five-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polypyrroles, polythiophenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
- H10K30/82—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes
- H10K30/821—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes comprising carbon nanotubes
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Abstract
Description
a) 式(I):
b) 分散剤、および随意選択的に
c) ポリマーの結合剤
を含有する混合物を塗布することによって製造される。
R-SOxZy
(式中、RはSWCNTの格子中の炭素であり、xは1-3の範囲内であり、およびZは水素原子またはNa、Mg、K、Ca、Zn、Mn、Ag、Au、Pd、Pt、Fe、Coなどの金属のカチオンであり、およびyは0-1の範囲内にある)で表される基またはこれら親水性種の組合せから選択される硫黄含有基である実施態様である。上記硫黄含有基は、スルホン酸、スルホン酸および/またはスルホン酸および/または対応するアニオンまたはその混合物でもよい。共有結合で表面を官能基化する最も好ましい硫黄含有基は、スルホン酸またはスルホン酸塩またはその混合物である(以後、スルホン酸とのみ呼称する)。共有結合したスルホン酸は、硫黄含有基の中で、カーボンナノチューブの最良の分散液を提供する。
a) カチオン型の下記式II:
b) ポリアニオン化合物
を含有する混合物を塗布することによって製造される。
(1) 下記式II:
(OH)n-R-(COX)m II
(式中、mとnは独立して1から20までの整数であり、Rは2-20個の炭素原子を有するアルキレン基、6-14個の炭素原子をアリーレン連鎖中に有するアリーレン基、ピラン基もしくはフラン基であり、およびXは-OHもしくは-NYZ(式中、YとZは独立して水素もしくはアルキル基である)で表される基、または
(2) 糖、糖の誘導電体、ポリアルキレングリコールもしくはグリセリン化合物、または
(3) N-メチルピロリドン、ピロリドン、カプロラクタム、N-メチルカプロラクタム、ジメチルスルホキシドもしくはN-オクチルピロリドンからなる群から選択される基または
(4) 上記基の組合せ
などの、ジヒドロキシ基、ポリヒドロキシ基、カルボキシル基、アミド基もしくはラクタム基を含有する有機化合物である。
ネマチック混合物に添加して中間相のらせんねじれを誘発して可視光を反射させるキラルドーパントは、どのような有用な構造のクラスのものでもよい。ドーパントの選択は、とりわけそのネマチックホストとの化学的適合性、らせんねじれ力、感温性および耐光堅牢度を含むいくつかの特性によって決まる。多くのキラルドーパントのクラスは当該技術分野で知られており、例えば、G.Gottarelli and G.Spada,Mol. Cryst. Liq.,123,377(1985);G.Spada and G.Proni,Enantiomer,3,301(1998);およびこれらに記載されている引用文献に記載されている。典型的な公知のドーパントのクラスとしては、1,1-ビナフトール誘導体類;米国特許第6,217,792号に開示されているようなイソソルビド(D-1)および類似のイソマンニドエステル類;米国特許第6,099,751号に開示されているようなTADDOL誘導体類(D-2);およびT.Welterらが2003年8月29日に出願した、表題が「Chiral Compounds And Compositions Containing The Same」の米国特許願第10/651,692号に開示されているような同時係属中のスピロインダネスエステル類(spiroindanes esters)(D-3)がある。
(a) Baytron P AG:電子導電性ポリチオフェンとポリアニオンすなわちポリ3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェンスチレンスルホネート、H.C.Starckが供給;
(b) TX-100:非イオン性界面活性剤のコーティング助剤、Rohm & Haasが供給;
(c) エタノール;
(d) ジエチレングリコール:導電性を増大する薬剤、Aldrichが供給;
(e) Silquest A 187:3-グリシドキシ-プロピルトリメチルオキシシラン、Crompton Corporationが供給;および
(f) SWCNT:Carbon Solutionが供給するP3 swcnt製品
Baytron P AG(1.3%活性水溶液) 266 g
TX-100 1.5 g
ジエチレングリコール 12 g
Silquest A 187 5.4 g
高純度の水 28.47 g
Baytron P AG(1.3%活性水溶液) 266 g
TX-100 1.5 g
ジエチレングリコール 12 g
高純度の水 33.87 g
P3 swcnt-水中0.075質量%
TX-100-水中0.015質量%
エタノール-水中25質量%
高純度の水を加えて合計100質量%にする。
完成したタッチスクリーンを、ブラシなしリニアモータとフォースモードのモーションコントロールからなる試験機の定置ネスト中に配置した。ポリウレタン製の球面半径が0.79 cmの半球スイッチの作動「フィンガー」(McMaster-Carr#95495K1)がロードセルに取り付けられ、そのロードセルは可動リニアモータステージに取り付けられている。前記フィンガーは、125 mS間のゼロフォース、125 mS間にわたるピークフォースへのリニアランプ、125 mS間のピークフォースでの保持および125 mS間にわたるリニアロード減少からなるフォースプロファイルで前記スイッチを押圧する。このローディングパターンを、試験期間中、1秒当たり2回、連続的に繰り返した。ピークフォースは、200-300gフォースに設定した。タッチスクリーンには、頂部と底部の導電体の間に調整電圧5Vを印加することによって電気的付加を加えた。ピークフォース期間の中央時点に、試験装置への接続を、電気的に切り替えて、動作サイクルの第二ハーフ中に逆方向に電流を流した。タッチスクリーンを流れる電流は、時間と動作フォースの関数として監視した。
表IのコーティングA(Bekaert ITO-Lot#5189376)を使ってタッチスクリーンを構築した。シングルポイント動作試験を実施して図9と10に示す結果を得た。Bekaert ITOの単一層は、10,000のシングルポイント動作(SPA)を完了すると早くもフォースの有意な変化を示して作動し始めた。オン状態の抵抗は、85,000 SPAを完了すると早くも有意な偏差を示した。Bekaert ITOの単一層は、88,000 SPAにおいて、オン状態の抵抗が常時12,000オームを超えた。さらに、88,000 SPAによって、動作フォースは大きく分散して安定でない。これらの図から、作動の回数が増大すると、作動させるのに必要な高いフォースおよび望ましくない増大するオン状態の抵抗に対応するデータの有意なばらつきが明示しているように、タッチスクリーンの信頼性が低下することは明らかである。その上に、このばらついたデータは、ポイント選択の決定について問題を起こす可能性があることを示している。
表IのコーティングC(344 mg/m2のBaytron P AG)を使ってタッチスクリーンを構築した。SPA試験を実施して図11と12に示す結果を得た。Baytron P AGの単一層は、3,000のシングルポイント動作(SPA)を完了すると早くもフォースの有意な変化を示して作動し始めた。オン状態の抵抗は、6,000 SPAを完了すると早くも有意な偏差を示した。Baytron P AGの単一層は、6,000 SPAにおいて、オン状態の抵抗が永久的に12,000オームを超えて100,000+オームの値に到達した。さらに、6,000 SPAによって、作動フォースは急激に増大してその後すぐに停止した。これらの図から、作動回数が増大すると、作動させるのに必要な高いフォースおよび望ましくない増大するオン状態の抵抗に対応するデータの有意なばらつきで明示されているように、単一層Baytron P AGに基づいたタッチスクリーンの信頼性が低下することは明らかである。その上に、このばらついたデータは、ポイント選択の決定について問題を起こす可能性があることを示している。
表IのコーティングD(344 mg/m2のBaytron P AGw/Silquest A187)を使ってタッチスクリーンを構築した。SPA試験を実施した。このタッチスクリ−ンは、比較実施例2と同じオン状態抵抗と作動フォ−スのプロファイルを示し、17,000 SPAの後、停止した。作動回数が増大すると、作動させるのに必要な高いフォースおよび望ましくない増大するオン状態の抵抗に対応するデータの有意なばらつきで明示されているように、単一層の硬化剤含有Baytron P AGに基づいたタッチスクリーンの信頼性が低下することは明らかである。その上に、このばらついたデータは、ポイント選択の決定について問題を起こす可能性があることを示している。
表IのコーティングB(400 mg/m2のKeytec ITO)を使ってタッチスクリーンを構築した。SPA試験を実施して図13と14に示す結果を得た。Keytec ITOの単一層は、25,000 SPAを完了すると早くもフォースが直線的に増大し、フォースの有意な変化を示して作動し始めた。オン状態の抵抗は、35,000 SPAを完了すると早くも有意な偏差を示した。Keytec ITOの単一層は、38,000 SPAにおいて、オン状態の抵抗が永久的に12,000オームを超えて13,000+オームの値に到達し、次いで10,000,000+オームという高い値まで増大し続けた。さらに、30,000 SPAによって、作動フォースは急激に増大し、その後作動フォースは有意にばらついてすぐに停止した。これらの図から、作動回数が増大すると、作動させるのに必要な高いフォースおよび望ましくない増大するオン状態の抵抗に対応するデータの有意なばらつきで明示されているように、単一層Keytec ITOに基づいたタッチスクリーンの信頼性が低下することは明らかである。その上に、このばらついたデータは、ポイント選択の決定について問題を起こす可能性があることを示している。
表IのコーティングF(344 mg/m2のBaytron P AGの第一層と8 mg/m2のP3 SWCNTの第二層)を使ってタッチスクリーンを構築した。SPA試験を実施して図15と16に示す結果を得た。これらの結果から分かるように、本発明のタッチスクリーンは、500,000 SPAより大きいSPAが可能であり、そして特に安定なフォースを有し2.27x106のSPAにわたって作動した。そのオン状態での抵抗は、2.27x106のSPAにわたって安定であった。そのオン状態での抵抗は、2.27x106のSPAの全試験にわたって、約1225オームから1270オームまで変化するこの本発明のタッチスクリーンは、500,000 SPAより大きいSPAにおいて作動するためのフォースの変化は、40%より小さかった(約14 gから約19 gまで)。その作動するためのフォースは2.27x106のSPAにわたって、単に約14 gから30 gまで変化した。1000,000の作動にわたって、作動するためのフォースの変化がこのように最小限であるので、このタッチスクリーンを作動させるのに必要なフォースは変化しないから、作動中非常に信頼性が高く堅牢でかつ扱いやすいことを示している。
11 透明基板
14 第一導電性多層
15 可撓性基板
16 透明カバーシート
18 第二導電性多層
20 電子導電性ポリマー層
21 導電性カーボンナノチューブ層
22 スペーサー素子
30 光変調液晶層
35 ナノピグメンテッド機能層
40 第二導電性層
42 誘電層
44 導電性行接触子(conductive row contact)
50 LCD製品
60 ディスプレイ素子
62 基板
63 導電性カーボンナノチューブ層
64 電子導電性ポリマー層
66 電源
68 リード電線
101 基板
102 電子導電性ポリマー層
103 本発明の導電性多層で構成されたアノード
104 導電性カーボンナノチューブ層
105 正孔注入層
107 正孔輸送層
109 発光層
111 電子輸送層
113 カソード
250 電圧/電流源
260 導電体
298 導電性製品
299 導電性製品
300 基板
302 電子導電性ポリマーを含む導電性層
304 カーボンナノチューブを含む導電性層
301 顕微鏡用スライドガラス
308 底部装置側の電極
303 誘電スペーサードット
312 銅製ホイルテープ
305 両面接着テープ
306 頂部タッチ側電極
Claims (34)
- 電子導電性ポリマーを含有する少なくとも一つの導電性層と接触する少なくとも一つの導電性カーボンナノチューブ層を含んでなる電子導電性製品。
- 前記導電性製品が透明である請求項1に記載の製品。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが単層カーボンナノチューブである請求項1に記載の製品。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが、共有結合された親水性基で官能基化されている請求項1に記載の製品。
- 前記少なくとも一つのカーボンナノチューブ層中の前記カーボンナノチューブが、1平方フィート当たり1-100 mgの間の量で存在している請求項1に記載の製品。
- 前記少なくとも一つのカーボンナノチューブ層が、40-100質量%の間のカーボンナノチューブを含有している請求項1に記載の製品。
- カーボンナノユーブを含む前記層中の前記カーボンナノチューブが、ポリマーマトリックス中に存在している請求項1に記載の製品。
- 前記製品が、さらに、ポリエステル、セルロースエステル、ポリカーボネートまたはガラス製の支持体を含んでいる請求項1に記載の製品。
- 前記製品が70%より大きい可視光透過率を有する請求項1に記載の製品。
- カーボンナノチューブを含む前記層または電子伝導性ポリマーを含む前記層が、さらに架橋剤を含有している請求項1に記載の製品。
- 前記製品が、順に、導電性カーボンナノチューブ層、電子導電性ポリマーを含む導電性層、および基板を含んでいる請求項1に記載の製品。
- 電子導電性ポリマーを含む前記導電性層がさらにカーボンナノチューブを含んでいる請求項11に記載の製品。
- 前記諸層をプレフォームし次いでともに積層した請求項1に記載の製品。
- 前記諸層を順次流延した請求項1に記載の製品。
- 前記諸層のうち少なくとも一つがパターニングされている請求項1に記載の製品。
- 順に、タッチング電極、スペーサー素子、導電性カーボンナノチューブ層、電子導電性ポリマーを含む導電性層および基板を含むタッチスクリーン。
- 電子導電性ポリマーを含む前記導電性層がさらにカーボンナノチューブを含んでいる請求項17に記載のタッチスクリーン。
- さらに、前記基板の前記導電性層が塗布されている面に対して反対側の面にコーティングを有する請求項17に記載のタッチスクリ−ン。
- さらに、前記基板の前記導電性層が塗布されている面に対して反対側にコーティングを有する請求項11に記載の製品。
- 前記基板の前記導電性層が塗布されている面に対して反対側の面上の前記コーティングが硬質コートを含んでいる請求項17に記載のタッチスクリーン。
- 前記基板の前記導電性層が塗布されている面に対して反対側の面上の前記コーティングが硬質コートを含んでいる請求項11に記載の製品。
- 前記コーティングが反射防止コーティングである請求項20に記載のタッチスクリーン。
- 前記コーティングが対反射コーティングである請求項20に記載のタッチスクリーン。
- 前記製品が、10,000オーム/スケアまでのシート抵抗を有する請求項1に記載の製品。
- 前記製品が、0.001-500オーム/スケアの間のシート抵抗を有する請求項1に記載の製品。
- 個々のカーボンナノチューブが10 nm-1 mの間の長さを有する請求項1に記載の製品。
- 個々のカーボンナノチューブが0.5-4 nmの間の直径を有する請求項1に記載の製品。
- さらに、一つまたは二つ以上の導電性層中に形成された導電性エンハンサーを含んでいる請求項1に記載の製品。
- 導電性カーボンナノチューブ層または電子導電性ポリマーを含む導電性層が、10 nm-1μmの間の厚さを有する請求項1に記載の製品。
- 導電性カーボンナノチューブ層が1nm-1,000 nmの間の厚さを有する請求項1に記載の製品。
- 電子導電性ポリマーを含む少なくとも一つの導電性層が、50以下の性能指数を有する請求項1に記載の製品。
- 請求項1に記載の電子導電性製品を有するディスプレイス装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/143,562 US7645497B2 (en) | 2005-06-02 | 2005-06-02 | Multi-layer conductor with carbon nanotubes |
| PCT/US2006/019932 WO2008018852A2 (en) | 2005-06-02 | 2006-05-23 | Multi-layer conductor with carbon nanotubes |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2009508292A true JP2009508292A (ja) | 2009-02-26 |
| JP2009508292A5 JP2009508292A5 (ja) | 2009-07-09 |
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| JP2008529007A Pending JP2009508292A (ja) | 2005-06-02 | 2006-05-23 | カーボンナノチューブによる多層導電体 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7645497B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1922737A2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2009508292A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2008018852A2 (ja) |
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| JPWO2014050440A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-27 | 2016-08-22 | 東レフィルム加工株式会社 | 透明導電積層体 |
| KR101525022B1 (ko) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-06-09 | (주) 티앤제이티 | 플렉시블 자성체 제조 방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20060274049A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
| WO2008018852A3 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
| US7645497B2 (en) | 2010-01-12 |
| WO2008018852A2 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
| EP1922737A2 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
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