JP2009019038A - 非ポリマー持続性解離供給システム - Google Patents
非ポリマー持続性解離供給システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009019038A JP2009019038A JP2008163960A JP2008163960A JP2009019038A JP 2009019038 A JP2009019038 A JP 2009019038A JP 2008163960 A JP2008163960 A JP 2008163960A JP 2008163960 A JP2008163960 A JP 2008163960A JP 2009019038 A JP2009019038 A JP 2009019038A
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Landscapes
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Abstract
【解決手段】非ポリマー材料を用いて体内の所定の位置にインプラントを形成するための方法及び組成物、及びそのようなインプラントの医療器具及び薬剤供給システムとしての使用に関する。その組成物は歯周疾患或いはその他の組織欠損部治療目的で動物に適用され、埋植用物品の適合性と性能を増進させ、生物学的活性剤の供給を可能にする。
【選択図】なし
Description
例えば、丸薬に成形してステロイド投与に用いられるコレステロール(シムキン(Shimkin)他、内分泌学(Endocrinology)29:1020(1941))、ナルトレキソン(ミスラ(Misra)、『麻薬拮抗薬(Narcotic antagonists)』:ナルトレキソン薬化学及び持続性解離製剤(Naltrexone harmachemistry and sustained release preparations)、『リサーチ・モノグラフ(Research Monograph)』28,ウィレット(Willette)他、ナショナル・インスティチュート・オン・ドラッグ・アビューズ(National Institute on Drug Abuse(1981))、及び黄体形成ホルモン解離システム(ケント(Kent)、米国特許4,452,775)等である。燐脂質は別の非ポリマー材料であり、薬剤供給用リポゾームの製剤に利用されてきた。
本発明は生分解性及び水凝固性を有する非ポリマー材料、及び水性媒体に混和・分散する生体適合性・無毒の有機溶剤から成る生分解性組成物を供給する。動物の体内に埋植するとき、有機溶剤は組成物から周囲の組織液に散逸、分散或いは浸出し、非ポリマー材料は徐々に凝固或いは沈殿して固形のミクロ孔性基質になる。こうしてできたインプラントは様々な用途に用いられる。例えば、細胞の成長と組織の再生を増進するバリアシステム、薬剤や薬物のような生体活性剤の供給その他の用途である。組成物やそれから構成される固形インプラントは生体適合性を有し、それゆえ非ポリマー材料、溶剤、固形基質のいずれも埋植位置において組織を刺激したり、壊死の原因となることはほとんど無い。
本発明の組成物で有用な非ポリマー材料は、生体適合性を有し、水や体液にはほとんど溶けず、動物体内で生分解性及び/又は生腐食性を有する。非ポリマー材料は、水溶性有機溶剤に少なくとも部分的に溶解する。その非ポリマー材料はまた、溶剤成分が組成物から散逸、分散或いは浸出して非ポリマー材料が水性媒体に接触すると、凝固或いは固化して固形インプラント基質を形成することも可能である。その固形基質は、ゼラチン状から、可塑性が強く成型可能なまで、硬く密な固体までの領域の安定した堅さを有する。
適切な有機溶剤は、生体適合性を有し、薬剤としての条件を満たし、かつ少なくとも非ポリマー材料を一部溶解するものである。そのような有機溶剤は、水に対して混和程度から分散可能なまでの範囲で溶解性を持つ。その溶剤は、所定位置の組成物から、血清、リンパ液、脳スパイラル液(cerebral spiral fluid)(CSF)、唾液等としてインプラントから水性組織液中に拡散、分散或いは浸出することができる。その溶剤のヒルデブランド(HLD)溶解率が約9〜13(cal/cm3)1/2の範囲であることが望ましい。溶剤の極性の程度は、水中での溶解度が5%以上となる程度の有効性を持つのが望ましい。
組成物から形成された固形の非ポリマー基質は、ミクロ孔構造を持つ。孔は幾つかの手段によって、インプラントの固形基質内部に形成される。固化・凝固中の非ポリマー基質から溶剤を付近の組織液中に散逸、分散或いは拡散させると、基質中に孔溝(pore channels)を含む孔を生じることがある。固形インプラントの孔のサイズは、およそ1〜500ミクロンの範囲で、固形基質の多孔度は約5〜95%である。
或いはその組成物が、薬剤、薬物その他の生物学的活性剤を埋植位置から近辺或いは遠方の組織に持続的・連続的に供給できるようなシステムを提供できるものであってもよい。生物学的活性剤は、動物の体内で局所或いは全身に生物学的、生理学的、或いは治療上の効果をもたらすことができる。例えば、活性剤の作用によって、感染や炎症を制御し、骨の成長や組織再生を増進し、腫瘍の成長を制御し、骨の成長を増進する等の機能がもたらされる。
本発明で利用できるその他の生物学的活性剤の例については、米国特許No.5,324,519に記載されている。その開示内容を参考までにここに引用する。
固形非ポリマー基質は動物の埋植位置内部で生分解、生腐蝕及び/又は生体吸収可能である。一般に、インプラント基質は約2週間〜約12ヶ月の期間、望ましくは2〜12週間、望ましくは14〜60日で崩壊する。インプラントの崩壊率は、非ポリマー材料のタイプや量それに親水性の変更、孔形成剤の添加、及び/又は非ポリマー材料の構成要素の濃度を変更することによって制御できる。
様々な解離率制御法によって、固化基質からの生物活性剤の解離率を、比較的速いものから比較的遅いものまで、または遅くからより速くまで、広範囲に設定できる。そのような制御法には、組成物中の非ポリマー材料と生物活性剤の濃度を調節する、解離率調整剤の使用、及び/又は使用する非ポリマー材料の変更若しくは孔形成剤の添加による固形基質の崩壊の調整等の方法がある。
その組成物には、所定位置のインプラント及び/又は形成後のインプラントから凝固した時に、組成物からの生物活性剤の解離を制御する構造又は成分が含まれていてもよい。制御済みの解離組成物は、活性剤を持続的に解離し易くしまた活性剤が凝固中の成分から初期飛散(initial burst)するのを制御し、かつ、より高濃度の活性剤をインプラントに安全に添加する(introduce)のを助ける。また、活性剤のパーセンテージがさらに高いと、インプラント中に残留して持続性の解離が可能になり、初期飛散の間にその影響で消失することがないので、インプラントの効率を向上させることもできる。
非ポリマー組成物は、歯周ポケットのような空隙のある組織、皮膚表面の傷、外科的切開部、骨の損傷等、動物のあらゆる組識欠損の治療に用いることができる。埋植位置の表面若しくは内部に供給されると、組成物は徐々に凝固若しくは沈殿して約1〜5日、望ましくは約1〜3日、望ましくは約2時間以内で固形のミクロ構造基質を形成する。
Claims (16)
- 下記の(a)及び(b)を含む生分解性インプラントを体内の所定の位置に形成するための組成物。
(a) 生分解性を有する非ポリマー性、水不溶性の材料。
(b) 水若しくは体液に対し、混和性ないし分散性であり、前記組成物を体内に配置すると前記組成物から散逸、拡散、若しくは浸出し、それによって非ポリマー材料が凝固若しくは沈殿してインプラントを生成する生物適合性有機溶剤。 - 溶剤が、非ポリマー材料を溶解する第1の溶剤と、非ポリマー材料を溶解しない又は第1の溶剤ほどには非ポリマー材料を溶解しない第2の溶剤の混合物を含み、第1及び第2の溶剤が前記混合物中に、そこに存在する非ポリマー材料を少なくとも一部溶解する割合で含まれ、それによってその組成物を身体内部に配置すると第1の溶剤が体内に散逸、分散又は浸出してその結果第2の溶剤の第1の溶剤に対する割合が増加し、それによって非ポリマー材料が沈殿又は凝固して固形基質を形成する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 第1の溶剤が、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、2−ピロリドン、アセトン、酢酸エチル、酢酸メチル、メチルエチルケトン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、グリセロールホルマール、グリコフロール、イソプロピリデングリコール、テトラヒドロフラン、カプロラクタム、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれ、第2の溶剤が水、エタノール、プロピレングリコール、及びポリエチレングリコールからなる群から選ばれる、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- さらに生物学的活性剤を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記活性剤を含む制御解離成分をさらに含む、請求項15に記載の組成物。
- 糖、塩、水溶性ポリマー、及び速やかに分解して水溶性物質になる水不溶性物質からなる群から選ばれる孔形成剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 生体内でインプラント基質からの生物学的活性剤の解離率を制御する解離率調整剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 水性媒体と水不溶性生分解性の非ポリマー材料の成分との接触により形成された固形微多孔性基質と、水又は体液に対し混和性ないし分散性であり、体内に配置すると前記組成物から散逸、拡散、若しくは浸出し、それによって非ポリマー材料が凝固若しくは沈殿して固形インプラントを形成する生物適合性有機溶剤とを含む制御解離インプラントに適した非ポリマーシステム。
- 基質がコアとスキンを含み、前記コアは直径約1〜500ミクロンの孔を有し、前記スキンは直径50ミクロン未満の孔を有する、請求項8に記載の非ポリマーシステム。
- 基質が、誘導組織再生用バリアを提供するのに効果的な多孔性を有する、請求項8に記載の非ポリマーシステム。
- 組成物が、さらに生物学的活性剤、孔形成剤、解離率調整剤、或いはそれらを組み合わせたものを含む、請求項8に記載の非ポリマーシステム。
- 下記(a)及び(b)を含む動物組織欠損の処理方法。
(a) 請求項1記載の組成物の組織欠損部への投与。
(b) 固形インプラントの形成のための所定位置での前記組成物の凝固又は沈殿の許容;前記インプラントは組織欠損の処理に有効である。 - 前記組成物がさらに生物学的活性剤を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 下記の(a)及び(b)を含む、生物学的活性剤を動物に供給する方法。
(a) 前記請求項3記載の組成物の動物への投与。
(b) 固形インプラント形成のための所定位置での前記組成物の凝固又は沈殿の許容;前記生物学的活性剤は、動物へ供給される。 - 下記の(a)及び(b)を含む、歯周病処理方法。
(a) 請求項1に記載の組成物の患者への投与。
(b) 固形インプラント形成のための所定位置での前記組成物の凝固又は沈殿の許容;前記インプラントは、歯周病に侵された組織の治療に有効である。 - 外科的埋植用器具と体組織との適合性、機能或いは両方を増進させる方法であり、請求項1に記載の組成物を外科的埋植用器具、身体組織或いは双方に適用し、その組成物を器具と組み合わせることによって埋植用器具と身体組織との適合性、機能或いは両方を増進させる方法。
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| US08/549,414 US5736152A (en) | 1995-10-27 | 1995-10-27 | Non-polymeric sustained release delivery system |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU703365B2 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
| DE69623981D1 (de) | 2002-10-31 |
| CA2235919A1 (en) | 1997-05-01 |
| EP0862416A1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
| AU7665096A (en) | 1997-05-15 |
| ES2184895T3 (es) | 2003-04-16 |
| US5736152A (en) | 1998-04-07 |
| WO1997015285A1 (en) | 1997-05-01 |
| US5888533A (en) | 1999-03-30 |
| JP4599498B2 (ja) | 2010-12-15 |
| DE69623981T2 (de) | 2003-08-07 |
| CA2235919C (en) | 2005-09-13 |
| JP2001508756A (ja) | 2001-07-03 |
| ATE224702T1 (de) | 2002-10-15 |
| US6120789A (en) | 2000-09-19 |
| DK0862416T3 (da) | 2003-02-03 |
| EP0862416B1 (en) | 2002-09-25 |
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