JP2006519311A - 表面の被覆プロセス - Google Patents
表面の被覆プロセス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006519311A JP2006519311A JP2006502178A JP2006502178A JP2006519311A JP 2006519311 A JP2006519311 A JP 2006519311A JP 2006502178 A JP2006502178 A JP 2006502178A JP 2006502178 A JP2006502178 A JP 2006502178A JP 2006519311 A JP2006519311 A JP 2006519311A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- precursor
- copper
- metal
- polymer
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 590
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 214
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 209
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 149
- -1 imide-ester Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001989 diazonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000018 DNA microarray Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012707 chemical precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical class I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C#N MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acryloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C=C HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyldiimidazole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C=CN=C1 PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- VKFFWRNLDPAXOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(6-aminohexyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCCCCCCN VKFFWRNLDPAXOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 65
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 150
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 90
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 89
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 89
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 78
- 229920000075 poly(4-vinylpyridine) Polymers 0.000 description 71
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 64
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 41
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 39
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 229920002338 polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 34
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 14
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 13
- WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002129 infrared reflectance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012691 Cu precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTJUKNSKBAOEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calixarene Chemical compound COC(=O)COC1=C(CC=2C(=C(CC=3C(=C(C4)C=C(C=3)C(C)(C)C)OCC(=O)OC)C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)OCC(=O)OC)C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1CC1=C(OCC(=O)OC)C4=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VTJUKNSKBAOEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro formate Chemical compound ClOC=O FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002316 cosmetic surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002739 cryptand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZXTYDZYHMVIHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyano 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC#N ZXTYDZYHMVIHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940097362 cyclodextrins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNNWVNGFPYWNQE-GMIGKAJZSA-N desomorphine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C3=C2[C@]24CCN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]4O3 LNNWVNGFPYWNQE-GMIGKAJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WOERBKLLTSWFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogen phosphate;tetramethylazanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.OP(O)([O-])=O WOERBKLLTSWFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009881 electrostatic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003722 extracellular fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferricyanide Chemical compound [Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003499 fibrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005171 halobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARRNBPCNZJXHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;tetrabutylazanium;phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC ARRNBPCNZJXHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002527 isonitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- ZHCAAFJSYLFLPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrocyclohexatriene Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C=C[CH]1 ZHCAAFJSYLFLPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RECVMTHOQWMYFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(1+) dihydride Chemical compound [OH2+] RECVMTHOQWMYFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005385 peroxodisulfate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001606 poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical class [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012890 simulated body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical group [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004832 voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/44—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for electrophoretic applications
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明は、表面上に材料を堆積又は付着することに関する。本発明は、第1材料及び第2材料による表面の被覆プロセスに関し、次の諸工程を含む:
− 前記表面上に前記第1材料をする工程、
− 前記表面上に配置された前記第1材料の中に前記第2材料の前駆体分子を挿入する工程、
− 被覆された前記表面上で、且つ前記表面上に配置された前記第1材料内部に前記第2材料が形成されるように、前記第1材料の中に挿入された前記第2材料の前駆体分子を前記第2材料へ転化する工程。
本発明のプロセスの目的は、あらゆるタイプの表面上にあらゆるタイプの材料を堆積することである。
Description
− 金属インプラント、例えば股関節の人工器官尾部、の上へのプラズマ吹付けによるリン酸カルシウムの堆積;
[1]イーピー・プルードマン(E.P.Plueddmann),"接着の基礎(Fundamentals of Adhesion)",エルエッチ・リー(L,H.Lee)(編集),プレナム・プレス(Plenum Press),ニューヨーク(New York),1990年,p.279
[2]ゼッド・メカーリフ(Z.Mekhalif),ジェイ・リガ(J.Riga),ジェイ-ジェイ・ピロークス(J.-J Pireaux)及びジェイ・デルハール(J.Delhalle),ラングミュア(Langmuir),1997年,第13巻,p.2285
[3]ヴィ・ヒュック(V.Huc),ジェイピー・ブールゴイン(J.P.Bourgoin),シー・ビューロ(C.Bureau),エフ・ヴァリン(F.Valin),ジー・ザルクゼール(G,Zalczer)及びエス・パラシン(S.Palacin)," ゴールド上の、フェニル−ジイソシアニド及びルテニウムフタロシアニンから自己組織化単分子膜及び多分子膜(Self-assembled mono-and multi-layers on gold from phenyl-diisocyanides and ruthenium phthalocyanines)",ジャーナル・オブ・フィジカルケミストリー B(Jouunal of Physical Chemistry B).1999年 第103巻,p.10489
[4]国際公開第9844172号パンフレット
[5]欧州特許出願公開第665275A号明細書
[6]シー・ジェローム(C.Jerome) 等,ケミカル・マテリアルズ(Chem.Mater).2001年.第13巻.p.1656
[7]米国特許第4975475号明細書
[8]米国特許第6171661号明細書
− 前記表面上に前記第1材料を配置する工程、
− 前記表面上に前記第1材料を配置することにある工程と同時に又はその後で、前記第1材料の中に前記第2材料の前駆体を挿入する工程、
− 被覆された前記表面上で、且つ前記表面上に配置された前記第1材料の内部に前記第2材料が形成されるように、前記第1材料の中に挿入された前記第2材料の前駆体を前記第2材料へ転化する工程。
− 有機材料、とりわけ高分子材料及び、特にポリマーと導電性及び半導体性の表面との間の極めて強固な界面を構成することであるが、関係する有機材料のリストは限られている;
− 他の金属上に金属の密着性堆積物を作製することであるが、完全に適合する金属/表面の一対のリストは限られている。
X−,N2 +−Φ−R3 (III)
式中、R3は前記の定義通りであり、Φは芳香核であり、そしてXは、例えば、テトラフルオロボレート、ハライド、スルフェート、ホスフェート、カルボキシレート、パークロレート、ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、フェロシアニド又はフェリシアニドから成る群から選ばれる陰荷電対イオンである。
− 電着は、好ましくは前駆体イオンを含まない電解浴の中で実施されてもよく、前駆体の転化は、電解堆積物の調製の場合に当業者に周知の手順に従って実施される。この実施態様によると、図2に示しているように、電解グラフト化膜は、電着材料の中で“表面下に埋められ(submerged)”ない。例えば、ニッケル上の、又は316Lステンレス鋼上のPHEMAの強力な密着性堆積物は、次の諸工程を実施することにより得られる:(I)DMFの中に5質量%のPHEMAを含む溶液の中に薄片を浸漬する工程;(II)前記薄片をヘアドライヤーで20秒間乾燥する工程(得られる膜の厚さは約200nmである);(III)蒸留水50ml、CuSO4・5H2O 11g、H2SO4(d=1.83)3g及びNaCl 6mgを含む水溶液の中に前記膜を3分間浸漬する工程;(IV)前記薄片を取り出して、前記薄片を、前記溶液と同じであるが、硫酸銅を含まない溶液の中に浸漬したのち、電磁攪拌機を使って、 平衡電位で15秒間、次に、−0.5V/(Ag+/Ag)(2〜4A/dm2の電流密度)で30秒間電気分解する工程。最後に、薄片をDMFの中で超音波により2分間濯ぐ。層状化した表面上にPHEMAの膜が観察されるのに対して、層状化されていない同じ薄片上にはPHEMA膜が検出されない(浸漬によるPHEMAの堆積、電気分解のない逐次溶液の中に浸漬);
電解グラフト化P4VP膜を使う保護物による金の表面への銅の付着
本実施例は、電解グラフト化ポリ(4−ビニルピリジン)(P4VP)膜から成る保護物を使い、金の表面への銅の強い密着性付着を説明する。図1は、本発明による本実施例の略図である。
電解グラフト化P4VP膜を使う保護物による金の表面への銅の付着(II)
実施例1の実験を繰り返すが、別の電着溶液を使用し、この実験は使用済みの浴の中での通常の電気めっきで、しかもバレル(barrel)の中の電気めっきでもあり、比較的良い品質の光沢のある堆積物が得られる。本実施例は、保護プロセスと電気めっきプロセスとの適合性を説明していて、従って、銅/金の界面の強化からと同時に、通常と同じプロセスにより銅から成る対象材料を成功裡に堆積することからのメリットを得ることが可能である。
電解グラフト化P4VP膜を使う保護物による金の表面へのニッケルの付着
実施例2と同じ実験を行なうが、ニッケル(II)イオン、金属ニッケルの堆積物の前駆体の強化溶液を使うが、脱イオン水50ml、硫酸ニッケル12.5g、塩化ニッケル3.25g及びホウ酸2gを含む。
電解グラフト化PHEMA膜を使う保護物による金の表面への銅の付着
本実施例は、電解グラフト化PHEMA膜による保護物の調製を説明する。実施例2とは対照的に、このポリマーは、強化用溶液の銅(II)イオンに対する錯化剤として作用できる官能基を含まない。
電解グラフト化PHEMA膜を使う保護物による316Lステンレス鋼の表面への銅の付着
本実施例は、ビニルモノマーだけを含む溶液を使う厳密に電解グラフト化されたポリマー膜を使用するのではなく、ジアゾニウム塩を使い電気開始型(electro-initiated)ポリマー膜、即ちフリーラジカル重合前駆体を使う保護物の調製を説明する。この保護物が電解グラフト化膜で調製されてなくても、優れた品質の保護物が観察される。更に、先行の実施例で使用される堆積物の金属の上に保護物を作製することが観察される。
銅を使う電気化学的層状化による金の表面へのP4VPの付着
本実施例は、層状化によりポリマーを金属表面に付着することを説明していて、このポリマーは、付着が望まれるポリマーが表面上に電着することにより簡単に堆積される。
銅を使う電気化学的層状化によるニッケル表面へのPHEMAの付着
本実施例は、強化浴の前駆体イオンを錯化する官能基を含まないポリマーの層状化を説明する。層状化はこれらの条件下でも実施してもよいことが観察される。
銅を使う電気化学的層状化によるニッケル表面へのPANの付着
本実施例は、銅を使う層状化による金へのポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)の付着を説明する。
P4VP膜を使う保護物による金の表面への塩化銀の付着
沈殿により得られる堆積物用の保護物として電解グラフト化P4VP膜を使用することを本実施例で説明する。
電解グラフト化ポリ−ε−カプロラクトン膜を使う保護物による316Lステンレス鋼表面への銅の付着
本実施例は、前駆体が求核又は求電子攻撃により開裂可能な環状分子、この場合はε−カプロラクトン、の電解グラフト化膜を使い、金属膜を強化する可能性を説明する。
テトラフルオロホウ酸4−カルボキシベンゼンジアゾニウムから得られる膜を使う保護物による鉄表面への銅の付着
本実施例は、第1材料の前駆体として錯化基を含むジアゾニウム塩の使用、及びこうして構成された保護物の基材に密着する金属膜の構成物も説明する。
実施例12
特別な本実施例は、電解グラフト化有機層によるシード層の完全な形成、そしてこの層の中に銅前駆体が挿入され、ぴたりと適合して強力な密着性金属銅シード層を提供するように変ること、及びダマシン型相互連結構造体の中のトレンチの電解充填(electrofilling)を得るのにその層を使用することを説明する。電解グラフト化下地層がなければ、銅シード層はTiN表面へ密着しない。
本実施例は、単一浴の中でのビニルモノマーと銅前駆体との混合から電解グラフト化による銅シード層の完全な形成、及びそれを使って、ダマシンタイプの連結構造体の中でトレンチの電解充填を得ることを説明する。電解グラフト化前駆体が存在しないと、TiN表面上にはシード層が全く形成しない。
類似のボルタンメトリー条件は、同じ実験計画を使い類似の浴の中で使用する。顕微鏡的に均一な類似の銅の層を得る。
Claims (28)
- 次の諸工程を含むことを特徴とする、第1材料及び第2材料による表面の被覆プロセス:
− 前記表面上に前記第1材料を配置する工程、
− 前記表面上に前記第1材料を配置することにある工程と同時に又はその後で、前記第1材料の中に前記第2材料の前駆体を挿入する工程、
− 被覆された前記表面上で、且つ前記表面上に配置された前記第1材料の内部に前記第2材料が形成されるように、前記第1材料の中に挿入された前記第2材料の前駆体を前記第2材料へ転化する工程。 - 前記表面が無機物又は有機物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1材料が有機材料であり、前記第2材料が無機材料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1材料が有機高分子又はポリマーであり、前記第2材料が無機材料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1材料が、ビニルモノマー、機能化又は非機能化ジアゾニウム塩、機能化又は非機能化スルホニウム塩、機能化又は非機能化ホスホニウム塩、及び機能化又は非機能化ヨードニウム塩、並びにそれの混合物から成る群から選ばれるそれの化学前駆体から得られることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- R1、R2、R3及びR4のなかの少なくとも1種類が、カチオンを錯化できる官能基であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1材料が、アクリロニトリル、メタアクリロニトリル、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸ブチル、メタクリル酸プロピル、メタクリル酸ヒドロキシエチル、メタクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル、メタクリル酸グリシジル、アクリルアミド及びとりわけアミノエチル、アミノプロピル、アミノブチル、アミノペンチル及びアミノヘキシルメタクリルアミド、シアノアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジメチルアクリレート、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、スチレン、パラ−クロロスチレン、N−ビニルピロリドン、4−ビニルピリジン、ビニルハロゲン化物、塩化アクリロイル及び塩化メタアクリロイル、並びにそれの誘導体のようなビニルモノマーから成る群から選ばれるビニルモノマーの重合により得られるポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1材料が、膜の形で前記表面上に配置されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1材料が、遠心分離、吹付け、浸漬、電解重合及び電解グラフト化から選ばれる技術により前記表面上に配置されることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2材料が、電着され得る材料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2材料の前駆体が、前記材料のイオンであることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2材料が金属であり、前記第2材料の前駆体がこの金属のイオンであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2材料の前駆体が、銅イオン、亜鉛イオン、金イオン、錫、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、コバルト、リチウム、ナトリウム、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、カリウム、ルビジウム、セシウム、ストロンチウム、イットリウム、ニオビウム、モリブデン、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、銀、カドミウム、インジウム、ルテチウム、ハフニウム、タンタル、タングステン、レニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、白金、水銀、タリウム、鉛、ビスマス、ランタニド及びアクチニドの各イオンから成る群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2材料が、沈殿、結晶化、架橋及び凝集から選ばれる技術により堆積され得る材料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2材料の前駆体が、前記第2材料の不溶性塩であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2材料の前駆体用の溶媒でもあり第1材料用の溶媒でもある挿入溶液であって、前記第2材料の前駆体を含む前記挿入溶液によって前記第2材料の前駆体が、前記表面上に配置された前記第1材料に挿入されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2材料の前駆体用の溶媒又は分散剤でもあり、前記第1材料を膨潤する溶液でもある挿入溶液であって、前記第2材料の前駆体を含む前記挿入溶液を使用して、前記第2材料の前駆体が、前記表面上に配置された前記第1材料に挿入されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記表面上に配置された前記第1材料の中に前記第2材料の前駆体を挿入することにある工程が、前記第1材料又は前記第1材料の前駆体も前記第2材料の前駆体も含む溶液を使って前記表面上に前記第1材料を配置することにある工程と同時に実施されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記挿入溶液が水溶液であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2材料の前駆体が、電着及び沈殿から選ばれる技術により前記第1材料へ転化されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記表面が導電性又は半導体性の表面であり、第1材料がビニルポリマーであり、第2材料が金属であり、及びこの金属の前駆体がこの金属のイオンであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 導電性又は半導体性の基板と金属との間の界面強化のための、請求項1に記載のプロセスの使用。
- マイクロエレクトロニクスにおける相互接続部品の製造のための、請求項1に記載のプロセスの使用。
- 金属表面の耐食処理における請求項1に記載のプロセスの使用。
- 生体内に移殖され得る物体の表面処理における請求項1に記載のプロセスの使用。
- バイオチップの製造のための、請求項1に記載のプロセスの使用。
- 触媒特性を持つ表面の製造のための、請求項1に記載のプロセスの使用。
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| FR0301874A FR2851181B1 (fr) | 2003-02-17 | 2003-02-17 | Procede de revetement d'une surface |
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| PCT/FR2004/050058 WO2004074537A1 (fr) | 2003-02-17 | 2004-02-13 | Procede de revetement d'une surface |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR101117319B1 (ko) | 2012-03-20 |
| ES2287698T3 (es) | 2007-12-16 |
| DE602004006234T2 (de) | 2008-01-10 |
| DE602004006234D1 (de) | 2007-06-14 |
| TW200422442A (en) | 2004-11-01 |
| KR20050106433A (ko) | 2005-11-09 |
| US8263488B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 |
| ATE361379T1 (de) | 2007-05-15 |
| TWI354037B (en) | 2011-12-11 |
| FR2851181A1 (fr) | 2004-08-20 |
| CA2516053C (en) | 2013-08-20 |
| WO2004074537A1 (fr) | 2004-09-02 |
| CN1809652A (zh) | 2006-07-26 |
| FR2851181B1 (fr) | 2006-05-26 |
| CA2516053A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
| US20060141156A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
| DK1595001T3 (da) | 2007-09-10 |
| CN1809652B (zh) | 2010-04-28 |
| JP4989964B2 (ja) | 2012-08-01 |
| EP1595001A1 (fr) | 2005-11-16 |
| EP1595001B1 (fr) | 2007-05-02 |
| IL170141A (en) | 2009-08-03 |
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