JP2005518264A - 股関節置換外科手術のための非画像化型コンピュータ支援ナビゲーション・システム - Google Patents
股関節置換外科手術のための非画像化型コンピュータ支援ナビゲーション・システム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
[発明の分野]
本発明は、一般的にコンピュータ支援外科手術に関し、より詳細には、コンピュータ支援の人工股関節全置換(THP)又は股関節形成手術に関する。
人工股関節全置換又は股関節形成手術は、米国において益々一般的になってきており、30万件以上のそのような手術が毎年生じている。処置の大部分が、多数の問題の1つに起因して、最終的に改訂を必要とする。問題はインプラント(implant)を用いた場合起こり、インプラントは、摩耗、劣化、又は更に折れる場合がある。他のケースにおいては、置換した股関節の脱臼が生じる場合があり、極端な痛みを引き起こす(不便及び出費は言うまでもない)。脱臼の発生率は、技術及び材料の改善にも拘わらず、依然としてほぼ2−6パーセントのままである。
上記の問題に鑑みて、本発明は、外科医が術前画像又はコンピュータ化されたシミュレーションに頼ることをしないで、寛骨臼シェル・インプラントの向き及び/又は大腿骨ステム・インプラントの向きを術中に評価するのを可能にする股関節置換手術の術中ナビゲーションのための方法及びシステムを含む。
本発明のこれら及び他の特徴及び利点は、添付図面と共に好適な実施形態の以下の詳細な説明から当業者に明らかであろう。
図1は、典型的な手術室環境におけるシステム又は装置20のシステム・レベルのブロック図を示す。医師又は他の専門家22は、患者24に股関節外科手術(例えば、人工股関節全置換)を実施する。光学的又は同等の位置特定装置(ロケータ)又は位置特定システム26が患者24の近くに配設され、それにより手術領域が実質的に位置特定装置26の視野28内に含まれる。適切な光学的位置特定装置26は、商業的に入手可能であり、例えば、Northern Digital Inc.(Waterloo、Ontario、カナダ)から入手可能な「Polaris」である。光学的トラッカ又はマーカ30は、図3から図7に関連して以下でより十分に詳述されるように、手術中に用いられる。マーカ30は、位置特定装置26が以下で説明されるようにツール及び解剖学的参照点の位置及び向きを獲得するのを可能にする。
これらのステップは、幾何学的形状寸法の初期獲得を完成する(図1のステップ40)。
次ぎに、医師は、試行の大腿骨ステム及び骨頭を、ここで説明しない従来の外科手術方法によりはめ込み(implant)(ステップ208)、そして股関節が整復(reduce)される。ナレーション付きの例証的外科手術の発行物が、Kinamed,Inc.から「人工股関節全置換(Total Hip Arthroplasty)」という表題の下で刊行されている。次いで、医師は、大腿骨を一連の機構的に自然の円弧の周りに旋回させ、一方コンピュータ及び光学的追跡システムは、大腿骨追跡マーカを(骨盤追跡マーカに関連して)追跡する。こうして獲得された点のセットは、新しい骨頭中心に中心を有する球の一部を定義する。コンピュータは、骨頭中心の変化(前述したステップ154で計算された変化から)を計算し、記憶する。
Claims (31)
- 股関節の骨格の特徴間の相対的幾何学的関係を手術中に測定し且つ評価するコンピュータ支援の非放射線学的方法であって、股関節形成手術の外科手術のナビゲーションに適した方法において、
骨盤平面を骨盤の少なくとも3つの認識可能な解剖学的特徴から定義するステップと、
位置特定システムを用いて、寛骨臼インプラントの向きを追跡して、寛骨臼インプラントの向きのデータを獲得するステップと、
前記寛骨臼インプラントの向きのデータを前記の定義された骨盤平面と関連付けることにより、以前に獲得された放射線学的データを参照しないで、前記寛骨臼インプラントを前記の定義された骨盤平面に対する所望の向きに調整するステップと
を備えるコンピュータ支援の非放射線学的方法。 - 骨盤平面を定義する前記ステップが、追跡可能なプローブを用いて、前記解剖学的骨盤の特徴に対応する表在の点に接触するステップと、前記プローブを前記位置特定システムを用いて追跡するステップとを備える請求項1記載のコンピュータ支援の非放射線学的方法。
- 前記解剖学的骨盤の特徴が、同側前上方腸骨棘、反対側前上方腸骨棘、同側恥骨結節、及び反対側恥骨結節のうちの少なくとも3つを備える請求項2記載のコンピュータ支援の非放射線学的方法。
- 追跡可能な骨盤マーカを骨盤骨に固定するステップと、
前記骨盤マーカと関連した骨盤マーカ参照システムを定義するステップと、
前記骨盤マーカ参照システムと前記骨盤平面との関係を決定するステップと、
(a)前記の参照マーカを前記位置特定システムを用いて追跡すること、及び(b)或る変換を適用して、前記参照マーカと前記骨盤平面との間の決定された関係を補償することにより、前記骨盤平面を追跡するステップと
を更に備える請求項2記載のコンピュータ支援の非放射線学的方法。 - 上側大腿骨を追跡する装置であって、股関節形成手術中に使用するのに適した装置において、
大転子を係合することができる環状部材と、
前記環状部材に取り付けられた光学的に追跡可能なターゲットと
を備える装置。 - 前記環状部材に装着され、前記上側大腿骨の周りに巻き付けられ且つ前記環状部材を前記大転子に対して押しつけるよう張力をかけることがことができるリガチャーであって、前記環状部材を前記上側大腿骨へ固定するリガチャーを更に備える請求項5記載の装置。
- 前記リガチャーが少なくとも1つのゴム弾性コードを備える請求項5記載の装置。
- 前記リガチャーは、ゴム弾性コードの2つの個別の組であって、前記コードの第1の組が小転子の上部側上を通り、且つ前記コードの第2の組が前記小転子の下部側上を通るように構成することが可能である前記ゴム弾性コードの2つの個別の組を備える請求項6記載の装置。
- 前記追跡可能なターゲットが、1組の受動的光学的ターゲット対象物を備える請求項6記載の装置。
- 前記追跡可能なターゲットが、1組の能動的光学的追跡対象物を備える請求項6記載の装置。
- 前記環状部材が楕円形環状部材から成る請求項6記載の装置。
- 前記環状部材が内側に面した面取り表面を有する請求項10記載の装置。
- 前記面取り表面が、把持を増強するようテクスチャー加工されている請求項11記載の装置。
- 前記環状部材が楕円形である請求項10記載の装置。
- 前記環状部材に装着され、且つ前記環状部材を前記大転子へ固定するべく構成することができるクランプを更に備える請求項5記載の装置。
- 追跡マーカを上側大腿骨へ装着する方法であって、股関節形成手術又は類似の手術中に前記上側大腿骨を追跡するのに適した方法において、
環状部材の上に追跡マーカを取り付けるよう適合された当該環状部材を前記上側大腿骨の大転子と接触した状態に位置決めするステップと、
リガチャーを前記環状部材に装着するステップと、
前記リガチャーを前記上側大腿骨の周りに巻き付けるステップと、
前記リガチャーを前記上側大腿骨の周りに締めて、前記環状部材を前記大転子に対して確実に引っ張るステップと
を備える方法。 - 前記リガチャーが細長いゴム弾性コードを備える請求項16記載の方法。
- 前記環状部材は、内側に面し且つ傾斜が付けられた肩部を有する楕円形環状部材を備える請求項16記載の方法。
- 前記内側に面し且つ傾斜が付けられた肩部が、前記大転子上での前記肩部の把持を増強するようテクスチャー加工されている請求項18記載の方法。
- 大腿骨と骨盤との間の術前関係と術後関係との間の変化を決定する方法であって、股関節形成手術中に使用に適した方法において、
前記大腿骨を参照位置に移動させるステップと、
非放射線学的位置特定システムを用いて、前記骨盤に関する置換前大腿骨パラメータを測定するステップと、
人工器官をはめ込んだ後で、前記大腿骨を前記参照位置に戻すステップと、
前記非放射線学的位置特定システムを用いて、前記骨盤に関する置換後大腿骨パラメータを再び測定するステップと、
置換前大腿骨パラメータと置換後大腿骨パラメータとをコンピュータ・モデルで比較するステップと
を備える方法。 - 置換前大腿骨パラメータを測定する前記ステップ、及び置換後大腿骨パラメータを再び測定する前記ステップは、前記大腿骨の外側皮質シェルを貫通することをしないで、光学的に追跡可能なマーカを前記大腿骨に固定することにより実行される請求項20記載の方法。
- 光学的追跡ターゲットを支える環状部材を前記転子の上に位置決めし、且つ
前記環状部材を前記転子に対して確実に引っ張るよう構成されたリガチャーであって前記大腿骨の周りの前記リガチャーにより前記環状部材を前記大腿骨に装着することにより、測定する前に、光学的追跡可能なマーカを前記大腿骨に装着するステップを更に含む請求項20記載の方法。 - 股関節の骨格の幾何学的形状寸法を手術中に測定し且つ評価するシステムであって、股関節形成手術の外科手術のナビゲーションに適したシステムにおいて、
追跡可能なマーカの位置及び向きを決定する位置特定システムと、
前記位置特定システムにインターフェースされて、追跡データを受信し且つ前記追跡データから、患者の股関節幾何学的形状寸法の一般的コンピュータ・モデルに関して、追跡される対象物の位置を計算するコンピュータと、
前記コンピュータ上で実行可能であるソフトウエア・モジュールであって、以前に獲得された放射線学的データを参照しないで、少なくとも3つの骨盤ランドマークの位置を特定することにより患者の骨盤平面を定義するソフトウエア・モジュールと、
前記骨盤骨に固定可能であり且つ前記位置特定システムにより追跡される骨盤追跡マーカであって、前記骨盤平面の向きをリアルタイムで追跡する骨盤追跡マーカと
を備えるシステム。 - 非貫通性リガチャーにより前記患者の大腿骨に固定して装着可能であり、且つ脚長及び大腿骨のオフセットの変化を検出するため前記位置特定システムにより追跡可能である大腿骨追跡マーカを更に備える請求項23記載のシステム。
- 寛骨臼シェル・インプラントへの固定が可能であるy追跡可能寛骨臼ナビゲーション・ツールを更に備え、
前記ソフトウエア・モジュールが、前記ナビゲーション・ツールと前記骨盤平面のリアルタイムの向きとの間の関係を計算し、且つ前記関係を表示して、手術中に前記寛骨臼シェル・インプラントの適正な幾何学的形状寸法を確定するのを容易にする
請求項24記載のシステム。 - 前記骨盤ランドマークの位置を獲得する追跡可能な手動プローブを更に備え、
前記ソフトウエア・モジュールが、前記骨盤平面を、少なくとも3つで且つ4つより多くない骨盤ランドマークから定義する
請求項23のシステム。 - コンピュータ支援の光学的追跡外科手術ナビゲーション・システムの信頼性を検証する方法であって、
光学的追跡可能マーカを骨に装着点で固定するステップと、
前記骨上で前記装着点から移動した位置にマークを配置するステップと、
前記光学的追跡可能マーカを追跡しながら、同時に、光学的追跡可能プローブを用いて前記マークに接触することにより前記マークの初期位置を光学的追跡システムに入力するステップと、
前記光学的追跡可能マーカの参照フレームにおいて前記マークの位置を特定する初期ベクトルを計算するステップと、
後の時点で、前記光学的追跡可能マーカを追跡しながら、同時に、光学的追跡可能プローブを用いて前記マークに再び接触することにより前記マークの後の位置を前記光学的追跡システムに入力するステップと、
前記光学的追跡可能マーカの後の参照フレームにおいて前記マークの後の位置を特定する第2のベクトルを計算するステップと、
前記初期ベクトルと前記後のベクトルとを比較して、前記光学的追跡可能マーカが前記マークに対して固定されたままであることを検証するステップと
を備える方法。 - 前記マークが焼灼により作られる請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記光学的追跡可能マーカが骨ねじにより固定される請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記光学的追跡可能マーカが環状部材及び対向リガチャーにより固定される請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記光学的追跡可能マーカがクランプにより固定される請求項27記載の方法。
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| PCT/US2003/003946 WO2003073951A1 (en) | 2002-02-13 | 2003-02-12 | Non-imaging, computer assisted navigation system for hip replacement surgery |
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| JP2011512925A (ja) * | 2008-02-28 | 2011-04-28 | デピュー インターナショナル リミテッド | 寛骨臼整列ガイド |
| KR101583259B1 (ko) | 2008-02-28 | 2016-01-08 | 드파이 인터내셔널 리미티드 | 비구 정렬 가이드 |
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| EP1482853B1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
| US6711431B2 (en) | 2004-03-23 |
| US7780681B2 (en) | 2010-08-24 |
| US20040254584A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
| US20030153829A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
| EP1482853A4 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
| AU2003219728A1 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
| WO2003073951A1 (en) | 2003-09-12 |
| EP1482853A1 (en) | 2004-12-08 |
| JP4398732B2 (ja) | 2010-01-13 |
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