JP2005059197A - Ultrasonic vibration cutting device - Google Patents

Abstract

An element contaminated with a hazardous substance, such as a PCB-containing device, specifically, a capacitor element is cut without touching a human hand, and an operator wears a protective suit with a high degree of sealing. Provided is a contaminated element cutting device which does not need to be handled.
Furthermore, the present invention provides a cutting apparatus that can be automated by remote operation and can reliably cut the contaminated element while preventing squeezing of PCB oil.
A storage device (2) for storing an element (1) contaminated with PCB-containing oil, a cutting table (15) for arranging the element (1), and a cutting table (15) provided on the cutting table. A contaminated element cutting device (100) comprising an ultrasonic cutting tool (8) and a cleaning basket (11) for storing and cleaning a cut piece of the element.
[Selection] Figure 7

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for dismantling work used for disassembling a PCB-containing device, and more specifically, safely dismantling material contaminated with PCB oil such as each element constituting a capacitor. It is related with the cutting device which can be performed efficiently.

PCB has characteristics such as its excellent chemical stability, high heat resistance, and good electrical insulation, so it can be used as a transformer for electrical equipment, insulating oil for capacitors, ballasts for fluorescent lamps, or heat media. It has been used in large quantities. However, the harmful effects of PCBs on the human body became apparent, and by 1974, use in manufacturing, importing, and open systems was prohibited. In 1992, waste PCBs, waste oil containing PCBs and PCB contaminants were designated as specially managed industrial wastes based on the Waste Management Law, and a considerable amount of PCB-containing equipment and PCB-containing waste oil including transformers It is stored at offices.
Furthermore, according to the “Special Measures Law for Promotion of Proper Treatment of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Waste” (enforced on July 15, 2001), waste oil including PCB and PCB is treated within 15 years (until July 2016). It became mandatory to do. About disposal of PCB, we entrust with specially-managed industrial waste disposal contractor pertaining to polychlorinated biphenyl which received permission based on law (waste disposal law) about the disposal itself and environmental corporation or waste disposal and cleaning It is said that polychlorinated biphenyls must be disposed of properly, and treatment facilities are being constructed at various places and disposal is beginning.

On the other hand, PCB is a general term for polychlorinated biphenyl compounds, and there are theoretically 209 isomers depending on the number and position of chlorine in the molecule, and among them, the toxicity of PCB called coplanar PCB. Is extremely strong and is considered to be one of the generic names for dioxins.
An element which is a constituent element of a capacitor has a structure in which aluminum foil (aluminum foil), a resin film, and insulating paper are alternately stacked and rolled like a fabric. There are various element sizes (vertical, horizontal, and thickness) depending on the capacity of the capacitor, the structure of the container, and the like.
This element is housed in a storage container, filled with PCB oil, and configured as a capacitor together with other components. Therefore, the capacitor is impregnated with PCB oil.
The PCB oil contained in ballasts and capacitors is almost pure PCB oil. Since a certain amount of PCB oil diffuses as vapor in the air even at room temperature, it is necessary to protect workers from exposure to PCB during dismantling work of ballasts and capacitors. Until now, in work that has been carried out, the safety of workers has been ensured by using a highly airtight armor and breathing apparatus. Such instruments and devices are often difficult to perform efficient work, such as being heavy and restricting the free movement of workers, and the working environment cannot be said to be comfortable.

For this reason, it has been necessary to develop a method in which an operator does not directly handle a dismantled object, for example, a method capable of automatic remote operation. According to such a method, even if the concentration of PCB contained in the element is high, it is possible to automate and work efficiently and to prevent the worker from being exposed to PCB.
In order to realize such an object, as an element disassembly apparatus / method containing PCB oil, the element after the PCB oil is washed with a cleaning liquid is divided by a cutter, and compressed by a compressor to squeeze the cleaning liquid and the like from the element. The technique is disclosed in paragraphs [0054], [0068], and [0069] of Patent Document 1 and FIGS.
Patent Document 2 discloses a device / method for disassembling an element in a capacitor used in a ballast for a fluorescent lamp in [0046] paragraph, [0059] paragraph and FIG. That is, the capacitor taken out from the ballast is cut by the hydraulic cutter together with the elements housed therein.
In addition, there is a method in which an element is put into a biaxial crusher and the element is crushed and cut.
When cutting with a cutter, elements with different hardness such as aluminum foil, insulating paper, resin film, etc. are laminated, and the resin film cannot be cut sufficiently, and the shape of the element collapses, and once with the cutter It was difficult to cut reliably.
In addition, since the element is crushed with a blade at the time of cutting, the crushing of the element and the PCB oil contained in the element are squeezed out, and there is a concern about the worker's exposure to PCB oil, and the shape of the element changes, so that the next element There was a case where it was not possible to cut out the pieces efficiently.
In the crushing by the biaxial crusher, since the element is in a wet state with PCB, the device may be clogged, and there is a high possibility that the worker will be exposed to PCB during the removal. Moreover, when crushing, bulk specific gravity will become large and the handling workability | operativity in a subsequent process is bad.
JP 2002-361226 A JP 2003-94013 A

Therefore, the present invention provides a protective clothing with a high degree of sealing without directly touching a human hand when cutting an element contaminated with a hazardous substance such as a PCB-containing device, specifically, an element of a capacitor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a contaminated element cutting device that is not required to be worn and handled.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a cutting apparatus that can be automated by remote operation and can reliably cut the contaminated element while preventing the PCB oil from being squeezed out.

The above object of the present invention has been achieved by the following means.
That is, the present invention
[1] A storage device for storing an element contaminated with PCB-containing oil, a cutting table for placing the device, an ultrasonic cutting tool provided on the cutting table, and a cutting piece of the device are stored. A contamination element cutting device comprising a cleaning basket for cleaning,
[2]
(1) An element receiving means for receiving an element contaminated with PCB-containing oil from another work process (2) An element moving-fixing means for moving the element to a cutting means and fixing the element (3) A contaminating element cutting device comprising a cutting means for cutting with an ultrasonic cutting tool and (4) a discharging means for sending the cut element to the next step,
[3] The contaminated element cutting device according to [1] or [2], further including a moving means for pulling the device to a maintenance position during maintenance of the device, etc.
[4] The contaminated element cutting device according to any one of [1] to [3], which is housed in a glove box, and
[5] The contaminated element cutting device according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the cutting device can be remotely operated.
Is to provide.

  By the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to safely and efficiently cut an element containing high-concentration PCB oil without causing deformation of the element and without squeezing out PCB oil contained in the element by cutting. .

The element handled in the present invention is preferably an element used for a capacitor.
A preferred embodiment for carrying out the present invention comprises the following means.
(1) An element receiving means for receiving an element such as a capacitor contaminated with a dangerous substance such as PCB-containing oil from another work process.
(2) Element movement-fixing means for moving the element, carrying it to the cutting means, and fixing the element.
(3) Cutting means for cutting the element with an ultrasonic cutting tool.
(4) Dispensing means for sending the cut element to the next step.
(5) Moving means for pulling out the apparatus to the maintenance position during maintenance of the apparatus provided as appropriate.
In the present invention, desired driving means such as electricity and fluid pressure (air, oil, etc.) can be used for the driving means and driving device used. Needless to say, necessary specifications such as explosion-proof are selected in accordance with the working environment of the element cutting machine.
In addition, the materials and materials used for the apparatus constituent members and parts of the present invention (particularly where they come into contact with PCB oil) can be selected and configured so as not to cause problems such as deterioration due to PCB oil. The means (1) to (5) will be described below.

(1) Element receiving means Next, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an example of the element receiving means of the cutting machine 100. For the sake of explanation, the side plate on the front surface (one side) of the outer casing of the cutting machine is appropriately omitted. The same applies to the subsequent drawings. In the figure, the element 1 is loaded into the element loading machine from the preprocessing stage (not shown) by chucking 101. The element loading machine is configured as a basket (container) 2 having a size for receiving elements. When the basket 2 is tilted by the element insertion cylinder 3, as shown in FIG. 2, the basket 2 falls to the conveyor 4 as the element moving / fixing means by its own weight. The conveyor is drivably held by a support table 13 (the same applies to the following drawings, but the support table may be omitted as appropriate).
The basket 2 is supported by a shaft that rotates when the element is inserted. The strength of the element loading cylinder for rotating the shaft and the basket and the necessary driving force of the cylinder are designed according to the size (weight) of the element and the weight of the basket itself.
In addition to this, the element receiving means may be used for transporting the element 1 sent from the previous processing step to the element moving-fixing means, and a plurality of elements are stored in a container such as a tray or a basket for preprocessing. It can also be carried from the process. In the present invention, the element mounted on the conveyor is preferably sent forward and cut by a hooking claw.
In addition, it can also be conveyed by conveying means such as a belt conveyor or a roller conveyor with or without overlapping elements.
When these conveyors are used, they may be inclined to have the same height as the element moving / fixing means, or may be combined with the lifting / lowering means to match the height.

(2) Element Movement-Fixing Means FIGS. 3 to 5 are explanatory views of a preferred embodiment of the contaminated element cutting device provided with the element movement-fixing means according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the apparatus. FIG. 4 is a front view of the apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional projection of the apparatus shown in FIGS. As is apparent from FIGS. 1 and 2, the element moving / fixing means is formed in a box shape (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a table frame) having an open top, and the depth of the box is approximately half the position. The part divided into two layers is configured in a shape in which the center is high and the left and right are slightly lower than the center. A pipe or the like is installed in the longitudinal direction of the element movement-fixing means at a portion lower than the center part, and the contact area with the element is reduced, so that the wet element is easily moved. Further, instead of the pipe, a rod-shaped solid material can be used. In this central portion, an interval is secured so that the pusher (element feed bracket) 21 (support portion thereof) can pass therethrough. A pusher driving device (element cutting automatic feeding device, single-axis robot for cutting table) 22 and a pusher driving (moving) guide portion 23 are installed below the two layers.
The side close to the cutting means at about half the entire length of the table frame 24 is constituted by the pipe 25, and the basket 26 side is constituted by the conveyor 27. Where the table frame is divided into the conveyor and the pipe portion, that is, the length of the conveyor, is determined appropriately in consideration of the size of the element to be processed, the installation location of the apparatus, and the like.
As this conveyor, a chain conveyor is used, and as shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable that a hook claw 28 for hooking an element is attached to a part thereof. Here, as shown in FIG. 4, a chain conveyor 27a having two chains as one set is installed, and an interval through which the pusher 21 passes is provided to constitute another chain conveyor 27b. In this configuration, four chains are used. Instead of the chain conveyor, a belt-shaped conveyor may be used, which may be provided with an interval through which the pusher passes in the center and a protrusion for hooking the element. In place of the chain conveyor, various other means such as a roller conveyor can be used as appropriate.
With this configuration, the pusher 21 can move from the basket 26 side to the cutting side provided with the ultrasonic cutter 29, and the element 30 can be moved smoothly.
The hooking claw (protrusion) 28 attached to the conveyor 27 is preferably applied to the end of the element 30. This is because if the hooking claw 28 hits the center of the element 30 or the like, the element 30 may be damaged, which may cause a problem in cutting or post-processing steps. The above problem can also be solved by setting the material and shape of the hooking claw 28 so as not to damage the element 30.
The conveyor 27 may be installed horizontally, or may be installed higher than the pipe 25 side by inclining the basket 26 side. By inclining and installing the basket 26 side, the element 30 can be more smoothly introduced onto the moving-fixing means (table frame). In FIG. 3, the basket 26a is reversed in the direction of arrow A and moved to the position indicated by 26b, whereby the element 30a is introduced onto the table frame 24 in the direction indicated by arrow B. Thereafter, the pusher 21a is moved to the position indicated by 21b in the direction of arrow C by the drive device (drive servomotor) 22, so that the element is moved to the position of 30b or 30c in the direction of arrow D and fixed by the clamp 31. Then, it is cut by the ultrasonic cutter 29. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 32 denotes an element width direction clamp, which is provided on both sides of the two pairs of chain conveyors 27a and 27b and the pusher 21, as shown in FIG.
In FIG. 5, the element 30 is put into the basket 26 in the direction of arrow E by chucking 33. When the basket 26 is tilted in the direction of arrow F by the reversing cylinder 34, the basket 26 falls onto the conveyor 27 as the element moving / fixing means due to its own weight. In FIG. 5, 35 is a tie rod, and 36 is an automatic element feeding range (stroke). In addition, the chain conveyor, the element width direction clamp, and the tie rod are installed so as to be the target shown in the drawing in a portion that is cut and not shown.

On the other hand, the element moving part on the table frame can be entirely constituted by a conveyor without providing the pipe part. Also at this time, it is preferable to divide the conveyor at the central portion and provide the central portion with an interval through which the pusher can pass so that the conveyor can be moved smoothly. As this conveyor, a chain conveyor, a belt conveyor, a roller conveyor, or the like that is generally used for conveying an object can be selected as appropriate. More preferably, the chain conveyor or the belt conveyor is provided with a claw for hooking the element.
Furthermore, in another method, it is also possible to configure all by a conveyor without providing a pusher. It is also preferable to provide claws on the conveyor as described above.
In these methods, it is also preferable to install the conveyor with an inclination on the pusher side.
The number and type of conveyors used in the above-described configuration can be appropriately designed and selected depending on the inclination, presence / absence of pushers, element shape, weight, installation location of the apparatus, and the like.

As long as the element moistened with PCB oil or the like can be smoothly moved, the partition portion can be arbitrarily configured.
Next, moving means (for example, the conveyor) for moving the elements on the table is provided below the partition of the element moving / fixing means. This moving means may be fixed to the table frame 5 constituting the element moving-fixing means.
Although not shown in detail, the moving means includes a driving means, a link mechanism, a gear (gear), a screw, and the like, and sends (pushes out) elements on the table toward the cutting means. It is preferable that a push plate for sending out the element is attached to a portion where the moving means is in contact with the element.
When the element is sent out on the table by the moving means toward the cutting means, the elements are sent straight out on the table without being biased left and right by the guide mechanisms installed on the left and right sides of the table.
The cutting width of the element (the width after cutting) can be determined by the feed amount of the moving means.

The guide mechanism can be aligned with the width of the element as a center by driving the guide mechanism simultaneously on the left and right sides by driving sources provided on the left and right sides of the table frame. The drive source causes the left and right motors to operate synchronously.
In this way, the moving means and the guide mechanism cooperate to move the element straight toward the cutting means on the table.
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a clamp mechanism for fixing the element is attached to a portion where the cutting means is located. FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the clamp mechanism in a front view. In the figure, reference numeral 14 denotes a width adjusting presser, and 1 denotes an element fixed by the presser tool 14. 6 is a width-reducing screw, and 7 is a motor. In this way, the element 1 is made to be width and centered by the presser 14, and the element 1 is made to move forward.

(3) Cutting means The side view of the principal part of the cutting machine 100 is shown in FIG.
The ultrasonic cutting tool (cutting means) 8 is installed in a hanging portion located above the table. The cutting means is configured as follows from a portion close to the hanging portion.
That is, the driving means in the horizontal direction, the driving means in the vertical direction, the ultrasonic oscillation device (ultrasonic vibrator), and the cutting blade 8a are provided. In the figure, 9 is a stopper, which stops the advance of the element 1 at a predetermined position. The ultrasonic oscillator and cutting blade of the ultrasonic cutting tool 8 are exchangeable. The cutting tool is composed of an ultrasonic oscillator and a cutting blade.
The moving means to the left and right moves in the direction orthogonal to the table. After the element 1 is temporarily stopped by the stopper 9 at the position shown in FIG. 4, the stopper 9 is slightly raised and the element 1 is further advanced.
Examples of cutting the element 1 are shown in FIGS. The tip of the element 1 is lowered with the cutting tool 8 as shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B, and the element 1 is pushed out by the pusher 12 moving forward by the screw mechanism, and the element 1 on the table 15 is cut. To do. When cutting, the stopper 9 acts as a clamp. When the element is cut, the clamp mechanism presses the front portion of the cutting portion with a force that does not cause the element to shift during cutting. The cut piece 1 a of the element 1 passes through the chute 10 and falls into the basket 11. After being cut by the cutting tool in this manner, the element cutting piece is pushed by the uncut element body by the moving means installed in the element moving-fixing means, put into the chute of the discharging means, and accumulated in the basket 11.
In the present invention, it is necessary to be able to move at least approximately the same distance as the width of the table in order to cut the element mainly like a small cut of vegetables.
Depending on the size of the element and the requirements of the processing steps after cutting, it is possible to cut in the longitudinal direction of the element.
The moving means up and down requires a moving distance approximately the same as the thickness of the element.
As the ultrasonic oscillation device, a normal commercially available device can be used.

The cutting tool of the cutting blade 8a is preferably made of special steel that is not easily affected by PCB oil.
The ultrasonic frequency is preferably provided with a mechanism capable of adjusting an appropriate frequency depending on the type of element when the element is cut.

(4) Dispensing means The dispensing means comprises a chute 10, a lifting cylinder for raising and lowering the chute 10, and an oil receiving device (not shown). An oil tray is provided at the tip of the lifting cylinder.
The chute raising / lowering cylinder is installed in the hanging part.
The chute body is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, and the upper part where the cut element piece is inserted is open. The upper portion has an opening formed by cutting the upper part of the rectangular parallelepiped at an angle, and the opening area is widened so that the element piece can easily enter the chute.
The bottom of the chute 10 is open, and when the element piece 1a is received in the chute, the elevating cylinder descends to the bottom. The chute elevating cylinder supports the weight of the chute body and the element piece to be put in, and is provided with strength and driving means that can raise and lower. When the introduction of all the elements into the basket 11 is completed, the chute is raised and removed from the basket. In addition, an oil pan at the bottom of the chute is installed. The basket is set in advance under the chute, and when the basket is full, it is exchanged for another basket.
The apparatus by the structure of these (1)-(4) is accommodated in the glove box so that it may mention later.

(5) Moving means It is preferable from the viewpoint of workability that the apparatus of the present invention can be operated from the glove port of the glove box during maintenance. For this reason, although not shown, it is preferable to install the upper part of the hanging part of the cutting tool and the stopper on the rail so that they can be moved to the glove port. The same applies to the element moving / fixing means. Preferably, moving means such as rails or wheels are connected to the table frame. As such a moving means itself, a well-known thing can be used.
Thus, the hanging part of the cutting tool or stopper to which the moving means is connected is installed on, for example, a rail and can be moved as a whole using the moving means.
On the other hand, the table frame is installed on the rail, and the entire element moving-fixing means can be moved.

  The element to be cut by the cutting apparatus of the present invention may be in a state containing PCB oil or in a state after rough cleaning. An object to be processed by the cutting machine of the present invention is a capacitor (surge absorber) element.

It is preferable to install the device of the present invention in a location (eg, a glove box) that is defined so that workers are not exposed to the PCB environment so that workers can access the device without wearing protective clothing or protective equipment. . By doing so, it is possible to prevent workers from being exposed to PCB.
In addition, by installing the device of the present invention in the glove box, workers can work over the gloves of the glove box, such as when a malfunction occurs in the device, so wear protective clothing and protective equipment. You can respond faster than you work.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples.
The element of the capacitor was cut using the cutting device shown in FIG. The conditions are as follows.
Ultrasonic cutting machine: SF-3400 (manufactured by Nippon Alex Co., Ltd.)
Blade length: 150mm
Ultrasonic frequency: 20kHz ± 500Hz (auto tuning)
Output: 4000W
Element size: vertical 600mm, horizontal 370mm, thickness 60mm
This element was cut into element pieces having a width of 30 mm.
The cross section of the device was clean and no uncut aluminum foil or insulating resin was found. Also, PCB oil contained in the element was squeezed out very little when the element was crushed or cut.

It is the schematic of the side view of one preferable embodiment of the element receiving part of a cutting machine. It is a side view which shows the operation state of the element receiving part of FIG. It is explanatory drawing (side schematic diagram) of one preferable embodiment of the element movement-fixing means of a cutting machine. It is explanatory drawing (front schematic diagram) of one preferable embodiment of the element movement-fixing means of a cutting machine. It is explanatory drawing (projection figure) of one preferable embodiment of the element movement-fixing means of a cutting machine. 1 is a schematic front view of a preferred embodiment of a cutting machine. It is the side schematic diagram of the principal part of one preferable embodiment of a cutting machine. It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part of element cutting | disconnection, (A) and (B) each show before cutting | disconnection and immediately after cutting | disconnection.

Explanation of symbols

1 element 2 basket (container)
3 Cylinder for element insertion 4 Conveyor 5 Box-shaped table frame with the top opened 6 Width adjusting screw 7 Width adjusting motor 8 Ultrasonic cutting tool 8a Cutting blade 9 Stopper 10 Chute 11 Basket 12 Pusher 13 Support table 14 Width adjustment presser Tool 15 units 21, 21a, 21b Pusher 22 Pusher drive device 23 Pusher drive guide part 24 Table frame 25 Pipe 26, 26a, 26b Basket 27 Conveyor 27a, 27b Chain conveyor 28 Hook claw 29 Ultrasonic cutter 30 Element 31 Clamp 32 Element width Direction clamp 33 Chucking 34 Reversing cylinder 35 Tie rod 36 Element automatic feed range 100 Cutting machine 101 Chucking

Claims (4)

  A container for storing an element contaminated with PCB-containing oil is provided, and a cutting table for placing the element, an ultrasonic cutting tool provided on the cutting table, and a cutting piece of the element are stored and washed. A contaminated element cutting device comprising a cleaning basket. (1) An element receiving means for receiving an element contaminated with PCB-containing oil from another work process;
(2) Move the element, carry it to the cutting means and fix the element, element movement-fixing means,
(3) A contaminated element cutting device comprising cutting means for cutting the element with an ultrasonic cutting tool and (4) a discharging means for sending the cut element to the next step.   3. The contaminated element cutting device according to claim 1, further comprising moving means for pulling the device to a maintenance position during maintenance of the device.   The contaminated element cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the operation of the cutting device can be remotely processed.

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