JP2001500665A - リチウムをインターカレーションするリチウム含有リン酸塩、及びリチウム二次電池における正極または負極物質としてのその使用 - Google Patents
リチウムをインターカレーションするリチウム含有リン酸塩、及びリチウム二次電池における正極または負極物質としてのその使用Info
- Publication number
- JP2001500665A JP2001500665A JP10514693A JP51469398A JP2001500665A JP 2001500665 A JP2001500665 A JP 2001500665A JP 10514693 A JP10514693 A JP 10514693A JP 51469398 A JP51469398 A JP 51469398A JP 2001500665 A JP2001500665 A JP 2001500665A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- lithium
- metal
- different
- phosphorus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 67
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018122 Li 3-x M Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012425 Li3Fe2 (PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical group O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AFINAILKDBCXMX-PBHICJAKSA-N (2s,3r)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-n-(4-octylphenyl)butanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(NC(=O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)O)C=C1 AFINAILKDBCXMX-PBHICJAKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920013683 Celanese Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910011495 Li1C6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- RRMGGYGDQCMPKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold lithium Chemical group [Li].[Au] RRMGGYGDQCMPKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000138 intercalating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 含リン化合物からなる活性物質を含む電極であって、前記含リン化合 物は、名目上の一般式Li(3-x)E’E”(PO4)3の第1の状態において、x =0であり、元素E’とE”の少なくとも一方は金属であり、E’およびE”は 同一または互いに異なり、名目上の一般式Li(3-x)E’E”(PO4)3の第2 の状態において、0<x≦3であり、元素E’とE”の少なくとも一方が、前記 の第1の状態の含リン化合物におけるその酸化状態よりも高い酸化状態を有する ことを特徴とする電極。 2. E’およびE”は同じ金属である請求項1記載の電極。 3. E’およびE”は遷移金属の群から選択された同じ金属である請求項 1記載の電極。 4. E’およびE”は互いに異なり、金属の群からそれぞれ独立して選択 される請求項1記載の電極。 5. E’およびE”は互いに異なり、遷移金属の群からそれぞれ独立して 選択される請求項1記載の電極。 6. E’およびE”は互いに異なり、E’は遷移金属元素ではない元素で あり、E”は遷移金属である請求項1記載の電極。 7. E’およびE”は互いに異なり、前記E’とE”の一方は前記第1の 状態の含リン化合物においてその酸化状態からそれ以上に酸化不可能であり、前 記E’とE”の他方は前記第1の状態の含リン化合物においてその酸化状態から 酸化可能である請求項1記載の電極。 8. 前記E’とE”の一方は、マグネシウム(Mg)、カル シウム(Ca)、銅(Cu)、コバルト(Co)、鉄(Fe)、ニッケル(Ni )、モリブデン(Mo)、マンガン(Mn)からなる群より選択される請求項1 記載の電極。 9. 前記E’とE”の少なくとも一方は、バナジウム(V)、クロム(C r)、マンガン(Mn)、チタン(Ti),鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、モ リブデン(Mo)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)からなる群より選択される遷 移金属である請求項1記載の電極。 10. 前記Li3E’E”(PO4)3は、Li3V2(PO4)3、Li3VT i(PO4)3、Li3Fe2(PO4)3、Li3FeV(PO4)3からなる群より 選択される請求項1記載の電極。 11. 第1の電極と、第1の電極に対する対向電極である第2の電極とを 含む電気化学セルであって、前記第1の電極は、名目上の一般式Li3M’M” (PO4)3の含リン化合物であり、M’およびM”はそれぞれ金属元素および準 金属元素からなる群より選択された金属元素であり、前記のM’およびM”は同 一または互いに異なり、 a. M’およびM”が同一の場合は、それぞれ遷移金属であり、 b. M’およびM”が互いに異なる場合は、M’とM”の少なくとも一方 が遷移金属の群から選択される ことを特徴とする電気化学セル。 12. M’およびM”は互いに異なり、それぞれ独立して遷移金属の群よ り選択される請求項11記載のセル。 13. M’およびM”は互いに異なり、M’は遷移金属では ない金属元素であり、M”は遷移金属である請求項11記載のセル。 14. 前記Li3M’M”(PO4)3は、Li3V2(PO4)3、Li3VT i(PO4)3、Li3Fe2(PO4)3、Li3FeV(PO4)3、Li3AlV( PO4)3、Li3KCr(PO4)3、Li3KMo(PO4)3からなる群より選択 される請求項11記載のセル。 15. 第1の電極と、第1の電極に対する対向電極である第2の電極とを 含む電気化学セルであって、前記第1の電極は、名目上の一般式Li3E’E” (PO4)3の含リン化合物であり、元素E’およびE”は同一または互いに異な り、 a. E’およびE”が同一元素である場合は、その元素は複数の酸化状態 を有し、 b. E’およびE”が互いに異なる場合は、E’およびE”はそれぞれ独 立して元素群から選択され、E’とE”の少なくとも一方が複数の酸化状態を有 する ことを特徴とする電気化学セル。 16. 前記E’とE”の少なくとも一方は、金属元素および準金属元素の 群から選択される請求項15記載の電気化学セル。 17. E’およびE”は互いに異なり、それぞれ複数の酸化状態を有する 請求項15記載の電気化学セル。 18. E’およびE”は互いに異なり、E’は単一の酸化状態を有する元 素であり、E”は複数の酸化状態を有する元素である請求項15記載の電気化学 セル。 19. E’およびE”は同一であり、前記元素は、前記含リ ン化合物からある量のLiが抽出される時に、この化合物におけるその初期酸化 状態から酸化可能である請求項15記載のセル。 20. E’およびE”は互いに異なり、それぞれ、前記含リン化合物から ある量のLiが抽出される時に、この化合物におけるその初期酸化状態から酸化 可能である請求項15記載の電気化学セル。 21. E’およびE”は互いに異なり、E’は、含リン化合物におけるそ の酸化状態からそれ以上に酸化不可能であり、E”は、前記含リン化合物からあ る量のLiが抽出される時に、この化合物におけるその初期酸化状態から酸化可 能である請求項15記載の電気化学セル。 22. E’およびE”は同一であり、前記元素は、ある量のLiが前記含 リン化合物にインターカレーションされる時に、含リン化合物におけるその原子 価状態から還元可能である請求項15記載のセル。 23. E’およびE”は互いに異なり、E’とE”の少なくとも一方は、 ある量のLiが前記含リン化合物にインターカレーションされる時に、含リン化 合物におけるその原子価状態から還元可能である請求項15記載の電気化学セル 。 24. 電気化学セルを動作する方法であって、 a. リチウム金属リン酸塩化合物からなる第1の電極組成物と、前記第1 の電極に対する対向電極と、その間に介在する電解質を準備する工程と、 b. 前記のリチウム金属リン酸塩化合物からリチウムイオンを電気化学的 に脱インターカレーションし、対向電極に前記イオン を移行して前記セルを充電する工程と、 c. 前記移行させたリチウムイオンの少なくとも一部を前記対向電極から 電気化学的に脱離させて前記リチウム金属リン酸塩化合物へと再インターカレー ションし、放電時に電気化学エネルギーをセルから得る工程 を含む方法。 25. 前記リチウム金属リン酸塩化合物は、金属リン酸塩の式量ユニット あたり3個の割合でリチウムイオンを含み、脱インターカレーション時に、前記 式量あたりのリチウムイオンの割合が3未満になる請求項24記載の方法。 26. 工程(a)においては、前記リチウム金属リン酸塩化合物は、名目 上の一般式Li3-xM’yM”2-y(PO4)3で表され、前記のセルの初期または 非充電状態では、xは0であり、工程(b)の後、工程(c)の前においては、 前記リチウム金属リン酸塩化合物は、xが0よりも大きく3以下である前記の名 目上の一般式で表され、工程(c)の後に、工程(b)と(c)が連続的に繰り 返される請求項24記載の方法。 27. 前記リチウム金属リン酸塩は、名目上の一般式Li3-xM’yM”2- y (PO4)3で表され、サイクル動作(充放電)中において、前記の電極間を移 行するリチウムイオンのxの値が0≦x≦3で変化する請求項24記載の電池。 28. 前記リチウム金属リン酸塩は、Li3V2(PO4)3、Li3VTi (PO4)3、Li3Fe2(PO4)3、Li3FeV(PO4)3からなる群より選 択される請求項27記載の電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/717,979 US5871866A (en) | 1996-09-23 | 1996-09-23 | Lithium-containing phosphates, method of preparation, and use thereof |
| US08/717,979 | 1996-09-23 | ||
| PCT/US1997/015544 WO1998012761A1 (en) | 1996-09-23 | 1997-09-04 | Lithium-containing, lithium-intercalating phosphates and their use as the positive or negative electrode material in a lithium secondary battery |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001500665A true JP2001500665A (ja) | 2001-01-16 |
| JP2001500665A5 JP2001500665A5 (ja) | 2004-12-09 |
| JP4292317B2 JP4292317B2 (ja) | 2009-07-08 |
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| JP51469398A Expired - Fee Related JP4292317B2 (ja) | 1996-09-23 | 1997-09-04 | リチウムをインターカレーションするリチウム含有リン酸塩、及びリチウム二次電池における正極または負極物質としてのその使用 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5871866A (ja) |
| EP (3) | EP1403945B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4292317B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100458099B1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU4410297A (ja) |
| CA (2) | CA2266365C (ja) |
| DE (3) | DE69735317T2 (ja) |
| ES (2) | ES2169425T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1998012761A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0931361B1 (en) | 2001-12-05 |
| AU4410297A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
| DE69708904D1 (de) | 2002-01-17 |
| US5871866A (en) | 1999-02-16 |
| DE69726893T2 (de) | 2004-10-28 |
| DE69735317T2 (de) | 2006-11-09 |
| EP1093174A1 (en) | 2001-04-18 |
| DE69735317D1 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
| DE69726893D1 (de) | 2004-01-29 |
| KR20000036230A (ko) | 2000-06-26 |
| CA2843358A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
| ES2258196T3 (es) | 2006-08-16 |
| EP1093174B1 (en) | 2003-12-17 |
| DE69708904T2 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
| HK1023850A1 (en) | 2000-09-22 |
| JP4292317B2 (ja) | 2009-07-08 |
| KR100458099B1 (ko) | 2004-11-26 |
| EP0931361A1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
| ES2169425T3 (es) | 2002-07-01 |
| CA2266365A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
| WO1998012761A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
| EP1403945A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
| EP1403945B1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
| CA2266365C (en) | 2014-04-29 |
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