JP7293167B2 - 結晶質スフェニシダイト物質、方法、電極物質、及び電気化学的電池 - Google Patents
結晶質スフェニシダイト物質、方法、電極物質、及び電気化学的電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7293167B2 JP7293167B2 JP2020097533A JP2020097533A JP7293167B2 JP 7293167 B2 JP7293167 B2 JP 7293167B2 JP 2020097533 A JP2020097533 A JP 2020097533A JP 2020097533 A JP2020097533 A JP 2020097533A JP 7293167 B2 JP7293167 B2 JP 7293167B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 144
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- -1 methods Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- PTZOLXYHGCJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanium;iron(2+);phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O PTZOLXYHGCJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical class [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 211
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 76
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 35
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 28
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010092 LiAlO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001559 LiC4F9SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013417 LiN(SO3C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001246 LixFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical class [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002355 dual-layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002017 high-resolution X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021646 siderite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007039 two-step reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
- C01B25/451—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium containing metal and ammonium
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Description
この出願は、2014年3月7日付けの「ハイパワー電極物質」と題する米国仮特許出願第61/949,596号、及び、2015年1月15日付けの「ハイパワー電極物質」と題する米国仮特許出願第62/103,987号に対し優先権を主張するものであり、全ての目的のためにこれらの出願の全てを参照することにより、これらのそれぞれの全体の内容がここに組み込まれる。
スフェニシダイトをつくるため、方法が、三価鉄イオン(Fe3+)に酸化される二価鉄イオン(Fe2+)を含む反応式1に従って、スフェニシダイト材料は形成される。結果物であるスフェニシダイトは、表1に挙げられる以下の特性をを有する。
本明細書では、電気化学的電池の中のアノード、セパレーター、及び、電解質は、所定のテストと同じであった。
Claims (22)
- 25重量%以上30重量%以下の鉄、
15重量%から20重量%のリン、
4.6重量%から5.0重量%のアンモニウムを備え、
鉄に対するリンのモル比は、1以上1.25以下であり、
結晶質スフェニシダイトは、リン酸アンモニウム鉄であり、板状形態を有し、
リン酸アンモニウム鉄は、化学式NH4Fe2(PO4)2OH*2H2Oで表される、
電極活物質の製造に用いられる結晶質スフェニシダイト(spheniscidite)物質。 - 前記結晶質スフェニシダイト物質は、単相である、請求項1に記載の結晶質スフェニシダイト物質。
- 前記結晶質スフェニシダイトは、20m2/g以上25m2/g以下の範囲の表面積を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の結晶質スフェニシダイト物質。
- (a)混合液を作成するために、鉄(II)塩、リン酸塩源、アンモニウム源、及び、酸化剤を水溶液に導入すること、
(b)固体副産物を回収するために混合液のフィルタリング、
(c)水溶液に固体副産物を再分散させること、
(d)水溶液の加熱、
(e)固体を回収するために溶液のフィルタリング、
(f)化学式NH4Fe2(PO4)2OH*2H2Oの高純度のスフェニシダイトを得るために、固体の乾燥、
(g)得られた高純度のスフェニシダイト、リチウム源、ドーパント、及び、炭素源の混合、
(h)スラリーを形成するために溶媒を加えること、
(i)スラリーを粉砕すること、
(j)粉砕されたスラリーの乾燥、及び、
(k)リン酸鉄リチウムを得るために、粉砕され乾燥されたスラリーを燃焼すること、
を更に含み、
前記リン酸鉄リチウムは、実質的なオリビン結晶相、粒径が20nm以上80nm以下の範囲の一次粒子、d50が5μm以上13μm以下の範囲及び25m2/g以上35m2/g以下の表面積を有する二次粒子、2.3重量%のカーボンを備える、電極活物質の製造に用いられるリン酸アンモニウム鉄を形成する方法。 - 粒径20nm以上80nm以下の前記一次粒子を得るために、スラリーは粉砕される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒は、水である、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒は、アルコール官能基を備える化合物である、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。
- 結晶質の一次粒子及び二次粒子を備え、
前記一次粒子は、少なくとも板状の単相のリン酸アンモニウム鉄スフェニシダイト前駆体とリチウム源との反応の生成物である結晶質である、バッテリーに用いられる電極物質。 - 前記一次粒子は、20nm以上80nm以下の範囲に粒径を有する、請求項8に記載の電極物質。
- 前記二次粒子は、25m2/g以上35m2/g以下の表面積を有する、請求項8又は9に記載の電極物質。
- 前記一次粒子は、0.8g/mL以上1.4g/mL以下のタップ密度を有する、請求項8乃至10の何れか一項に記載の電極物質。
- 前記二次粒子は、10ミクロンのd50粒径を有する、請求項8乃至11の何れか一項に記載の電極物質。
- 前記電極物質は、2.1重量%以上2.5重量%以下のカーボンを有する、請求項8乃至12の何れか一項に記載の電極物質。
- 前記リチウム源は、Li2CO3を備える請求項8乃至13の何れか一項に記載の電極物質。
- 前記板状の単相のリン酸アンモニウム鉄前駆体は、20m2/g以上25m2/g以下の範囲の表面積を有する、請求項8乃至14の何れか一項に記載の電極物質。
- 前記二次粒子は、水系プロセスから形成され、実質的に球形である、請求項8乃至15の何れか一項に記載の電極物質。
- 前記二次粒子は、溶媒系プロセスから形成される、請求項8乃至15の何れか一項に記載の電極物質。
- リチウムをインターカレートして、放電することができる陰極、
少なくとも板状形態を有する単相のスフェニシダイト前駆体とリチウム源との反応の生成物である結晶質の一次粒子及び二次粒子を備える電極物質を備える陽極、
非水系電解質溶液、
セパレーター、
上述の陰極、陽極、非水系電解質溶液及びセパレーターを収納している容器、
を備える、
電気化学的電池。 - 前記電解質は、リチウム塩と少なくとも1つの有機溶剤を更に含む、請求項18に記載の電気化学的電池。
- リチウム塩が、LiPF6、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiCF3SO3、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiN(CF3CF2SO2)2、LiN(CFSO2)(C4F9SO2)とLiC(CF3SO2)2の1つから選ばれる、請求項18又は19に記載の電気化学的電池。
- 陰極は、非黒鉛化カーボン、人工黒鉛、天然黒鉛、シリコン又はシリコン酸化物と炭素質物質との組合せ、を備える、請求項18乃至20の何れか一項に記載の電気化学的電池。
- 前記電極物質は、2.1重量%以上2.5重量%以下のカーボンを有する、請求項18乃至21の何れか一項に記載の電気化学的電池。
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| US61/949,596 | 2014-03-07 | ||
| US201562103987P | 2015-01-15 | 2015-01-15 | |
| US62/103,987 | 2015-01-15 | ||
| JP2016555769A JP6767266B2 (ja) | 2014-03-07 | 2015-03-06 | リン酸アンモニウム鉄を形成する方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3114081B1 (en) | 2021-12-29 |
| AU2015226940B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
| AU2018204689B2 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
| AU2019204949A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
| AU2019204949B2 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
| JP6767266B2 (ja) | 2020-10-14 |
| CN106061892A (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
| AU2015226940A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
| AU2018204689A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
| EP3114081A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
| KR20160131021A (ko) | 2016-11-15 |
| TW201603367A (zh) | 2016-01-16 |
| WO2015134948A1 (en) | 2015-09-11 |
| AU2019204947A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
| JP2020161487A (ja) | 2020-10-01 |
| EP3412631B1 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
| CN106061892B (zh) | 2019-11-08 |
| KR102423392B1 (ko) | 2022-07-21 |
| JP2017513181A (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
| EP3114081A1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
| AU2019204947B2 (en) | 2020-07-16 |
| EP3412631A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
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