GB2131790A - Carbon-containing refractory - Google Patents
Carbon-containing refractory Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2131790A GB2131790A GB08333237A GB8333237A GB2131790A GB 2131790 A GB2131790 A GB 2131790A GB 08333237 A GB08333237 A GB 08333237A GB 8333237 A GB8333237 A GB 8333237A GB 2131790 A GB2131790 A GB 2131790A
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- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- refractory
- weight
- parts
- approximately
- graphite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 17
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011134 resol-type phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/013—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics containing carbon
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
A carbon-containing refractory comprises approximately 1 to 10 parts by weight of Al-Si alloy powder per 100 parts by weight of graphite (3-50 pts. by wt.) and refractory aggregate (50-97 pts. by wt.). Because the melting point of Al-Si alloy powder is as much as 80 DEG C lower than the melting points of the conventionally-used unalloyed metal powders, the oxidation-preventing effects of the Al-Si alloy powder is greater in the low temperature range (from about 400 DEG C) than the effects of unalloyed metal powders. The resulting refractory has increased hot strength and decreased weight loss after oxidizing burning. The resistance to corrosion of the present refractory is further increased by the admixture of approximately 0.3 to approximately 5 parts by weight of boron carbide per 100 parts by weight of graphite and refractory aggregate.
Description
SPECIFICATION
A carbon-containing refractory
The present invention relates to carbon-containing refractories and more specifically to burned and unburned Al203-C, MgO-C, and MgO-A1203-C refractories having improved resistance to oxidation, spalling, and corrosion, in addition to improved hot strength.
Refractories containing carbon in the form of graphite are widely used in metallurgy. When in contact with molten iron, molten steel, or slag, these refractories exhibit excellent resistance to chemical corrosion. Since graphite itself is resistant to wetting by slag, its presence in refractories prevents the penetration of slag into the refractories. Further, because of the presence of graphite, the refractories can not be over-sintered, and therefore thermal spalling does not readily occur. This, too, contributes to the high durability of graphite-containing refractories.
However, graphite is very easily oxidized by oxygen in the surroundings and oxidation causes a graphite-containing refractory to lose its excellent durability. In order to obtain a refractory with good durability, it is extremely important to suppress the oxidation of graphite. Various methods have been proposed for increasing the resistance to oxidation of this type of refractory, but at present no satisfactory method has been found.
One method of preventing oxidation in carbon-containing refractories is to uniformly disperse metal powder in the refractory raw materials. Japanese Patent Laid Open No. 55-107749 discloses adding magnesium, aluminium, and silicon powder to carbon-containing refractory bricks, and Japanese
Patent Laid Open No. 54-39422 discloses adding a metal powder having a greater affinity for oxygen than does carbon. In the latter case, at least one type of metal powder selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Cr, Ti, and Mg is added. However, the resistance to oxidation and the hot strength of the resulting carbon-containing refractory, while improved, are not fully satisfactory.
The addition of metal powders to carbon-containing refractories has a number of beneficial effects. (1) From the temperature range of 200-3000C in which oxidation of the metal powders begin, carbon is protected from oxidatiori by the preferential oxidation of the metal powders. (2) When the metal powders oxidize, they expand in volume.As a result of this volume expansion, the refractory becomes more compact, and penetration of oxygen into the refractory is decreased, with a resulting decrease in oxidation of the graphite. (3) When the metal powders oxidize, they form bonds with the refractory raw materials which increase the hot strength of the refractory. (4) From about 1000C, the volatile portions of the refractory binding such as water, tar, pitch, phenolic resins, and the like employed in moulding refractories begin to volatilize, leaving pores and passageways in the refractory into which oxygen can penetrate. Once the refractory reaches a sufficient temperature and the metal powders melt, the liquid metal expands in volume and flows into and fills the pores and passageways preventing the penetration of oxygen.
However, the melting points of the metals conventionally admixed in carbon-containing refractories (e.g. 6600C for aluminium and 6490C for magnesium) are considerably higher than the temperature (around 4000C) at which oxidation of carbon begins. Accordingly, there is a temperature gap of approximately 2500C in which the ability of conventionally-used metal powders to suppress oxidation by melting and filling in pores is extremely low.
The present invention provides a carbon-containing refractory comprising approximately 3 to approximately 5 parts by weight of graphite and approximately 50 to approximately 97 parts by weight of refractory aggregate; the refractory further comprising approximately 1 to approximately 10 parts by weight of Al-Si alloy powder and, optionally, approximately 0.3 to approximately 5 parts by weight of boron carbide per 100 parts by weight of graphite and refractory aggregate.
As is well known, the melting point of a metal alloy is lower than the melting points of the metals which constitute the alloy. For example, Al-Si alloys have a eutectic point of 5770C, while unalloyed aluminium and magnesium having melting points of 6600C and 6490C, that is approximately 70-900C higher than the eutectic point.
In the present invention, Al-Si alloy powder, which has a greater affinity for oxygen than does carbon, is admixed instead of the unalloyed metal powders used in conventional carbon-containing refractories. Because of its low melting point, Al-Si alloy powder greatly increases the resistance to oxidation of the resulting refractory in the low temperature range (from about 4000 C) in which oxidation of carbon begins. Because of this incrased resistance to oxidation, the resistance to corrosion and hot strength of the refractory are increased. The resistance to corrosion is further increased by admixture of boron carbide, as will be described below.
A carbon-containing refractory according to the present invention will be described below by way of example. It significantly differs from conventional carbon-containing refractories in that it contans Al-Si alloy powder admixed with graphite and refractory aggregate.
The mechanism whereby Al-Si alloy powder increases the resistance to oxidation of a carboncontaining refractory in which it is admixed is basically the same as the mechanism whereby conventionally-used non-alloyed metal powders do so. Namely, (1) Al-Si alloy powder has a greater affinity for oxygen than carbon and is preferentially oxidized; (2) when oxidized, Al-Si alloy powder undergoes volume expansion which increases the compactness of the refractory; (3) the oxidized Al-Si alloy powder forms new bonds with the refractory aggregate, increasing the hot strength of the
refractory; and (4) upon melting, the non-oxidized portion of the Al-Si alloy powder flows into and fills
pores left by the volatilization of the binder used in moulding.
The big difference between the use of Al-Si alloy powder and unalloyed metal powder is the
considerably lower melting point of Al-Si alloy powder. Accordingly, the range in which Al-Si alloy
powder can suppress oxidation is greater than for unalloyed metal powders.
As the Al-Si alloy powder used in the present invention, commercial Al-Si powder is
satisfactory. From the standpoint of reactivity and dispersibility, it is desirable that the grain size of the Al-Si alloy powder be no greater than approximately 0.1 > 25 mm. The amount of Al-Si alloy powder
used per 100 parts by weight of graphite and refractory aggregate should be approximately 1 to
approximately 10 parts by weight. If less than approximately 1 part by weight is used, the effectiveness
of the Al-Si alloy powder is small, and if more than approximately 10 parts by weight are used,
resistance to corrosion is decreased.
The refractory aggregare employed in the present invention comprises oxides such as magnesia,
spinel, alumina, silica, zircon, and zirconia, and non-oxides such as silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and
boron nitride. There are no particular limits on the components, but it is desirable that the main
components be magnesia, spinel, and alumina.
The graphite portion of the refractory maybe a natural graphite such as amorphous graphite or
crystalline graphite, or it may be an artificial graphite such as that derived from electrode scraps,
petroleum coke, or carbon black. However, it is preferable to use crystalline graphite with few impurities
The relative portion of graphite used depends upon the type of refractory aggregate used and the
intended use for the refractory. However, it is generally preferable to employ 3 to 50 parts by weight of
graphite in 100 parts by weight of refractory aggregate and graphite. If the amount of graphite is less
than approximately 3 parts by weight, the graphite will not exhibit good resistance to wetting by slag, in
which case the entire refractory will have poor resistance to slag.Furthermore, if the graphite exceeds
approximately 50 parts by weight, the desired strength can not be obtained and it becomes difficult to
obtain a compact constitution.
The resistance to corrosion of a carbon-containing refractory according to the present invention is
further increased by admixture of boron carbide. When the surface of a carbon-containing refractory
containing boron carbide is exposed to molten metal, boron carbide is oxidized and forms boron oxide.
Boron oxide, together with the refractory aggregate and the oxides of the metal alloy powder, forms a
melt of a high viscosity which covers the surface of the refractory and prevents oxidation of the graphite
in the refractory.
In the present invention, it is mandatory that boron carbide be admixed not alone but in
combination with Al-Si alloy powder. When boron carbide is mixed with the refractory aggregate and graphite either by itself or with unalloyed metal powder, the hot strength and the strength after heating
of the refractory are low, and thus the beneficial effects produced by the present invention can not be
achieved.
Commercial boron carbide abrasive material is satisfactory for use as the boron carbide in a
carbon-containing refractory according to the present invention. In order to achieve good reactivity and
uniform dispersion of the boron carbide, it is desirable that the grain size by at most 0.125 mm. Per 100
parts by weight of graphite the refractory aggregate, approximately 0.3 to approximately 5 parts by
weight of boron carbide should be used. If less than approximately 0.3 parts by weight of boron carbide
are used, its addition has no effect. If it exceeds approximately 5 parts by weight, the refractory exhibits
excellent resistance to oxidation, but its hot strength and durability decrease.
An unburned carbon-containing refractory according to the present invention may be produced
by first blending the graphite, the refractory aggregate, and the grain-size regulated metal alloy powder
in the ratios mentioned above. At this time, boron carbide may also be admixed. A binder such as tar,
pitch, phenolic resin, or furan resin is added. Using conventional methods, this mixture is moulded. After
drying at around 2000C, an unburned refractory is obtained. If it is burned at 900-1 5000C in a
reducing atmosphere, a burned refractory is obtained.
The following examples of a refractory according to the present invention illustrated the effects
produced by various combinations of the components.
EXAMPLE 1
80 parts by weight of magnesia, 20 parts by weight of graphite, 2 parts by weight of aluminium
silicon alloy powder, 1 part by weight of boron carbide, and 5 parts by weight of resol-type phenolic
resin as a binder were blended together and then moulded under a pressure of 1000 kg/cm2 into
standard bricks (230 x 114 x 65 mm) which were then dried at 2000C for 5 hours. At 1 4O00C, the
completed unburned bricks had a high hot modulus of rupture of 205 kg/cm2. After oxidizing burning at 10000C for 3 hours, the bricks had a decrease in weight of only 3.1%.
EXAMPLES 2-4
Using the same method as was used for Example 1 , three additional examples of a carbon
containing refractory having various compositions were mixed and formed into unburned standard
bricks. The components and physical properties of these refractories are shown in Table 1.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1'-3' For the purpose of comparison, three refractories having the compositions shown on the right side of Table 1 were blended and moulded into standard bricks using the same methods as was used in preparing Example 1.
Comparative Examples 1' and 3' contained metal powders in unalloyed form. These refractories also had much lower hot strength and greater weight loss after oxidizing burning than did Examples 4 containing Al-Si alloy powder.
Comparative Example 2' contained boron carbide as an admixture without Al or Si powder, either in alloyed or unalloyed form, with the result that the hot strength was lower and the weight loss after oxidizing burning was higher than for any of the other examples.
TABLE I
Example Number The present invention Comparative Examples 1 2 3 4 1' 2' 3' magnesia 80 60 80 80 -spinel 30 20 0 F alumina 60 85 90 z w, B silicon carbide 10 crystalline graphite 20 10 20 5 20 20 10 zm 0") i;;; t Al-Si alloy powder 2 4 5 3 cnQ Al Al powder I 2 3 8 Si powder 1 boron carbide 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 % weight loss after Co oxidizing burning at 3.1 2.0 1.6 1.3 3.2 4.5 4.2 F 1OOO0Cfor3 hours rr hot modulus of rupture tkg/cm2) at 14000C 205 195 180 200 175 155 160
Claims (4)
1. A carbon-containing refractory comprising:
approximately 3 to approximately 50 parts by weight of graphite;
approximately 50 to approximately 97 parts by weight of refractory aggregate; and
approximately 1 to approximately 10 parts by weight of Al-Si alloy powder per 100 parts by weight of graphite and refractory aggregate.
2. A carbon-containing refractory as claimed in claim 1, further comprising approximately 0.3 to approximately 5 parts by weight of boron carbide per 100 parts by weight of graphite and refractory aggregate.
3. A carbon-containing refractory substantially as described in any of Examples 1 to
4.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57217056A JPS59107961A (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1982-12-13 | Carbon-containing refractories |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8333237D0 GB8333237D0 (en) | 1984-01-18 |
| GB2131790A true GB2131790A (en) | 1984-06-27 |
| GB2131790B GB2131790B (en) | 1986-07-30 |
Family
ID=16698134
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08333237A Expired GB2131790B (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-12-13 | Carbon-containing refractory |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59107961A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3344851A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2537565B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2131790B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0669293A1 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-08-30 | North American Refractories Company | Resin bonded ceramic-carbon-metal composite comprising boron source and a combination of at least two metals |
| WO2023132948A1 (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | HarbisonWalker International Holdings, Inc. | Refractory lining design and steel practice for low refractory waste, and refractory based on reclaimed low-impurity magnesia-carbon aggregate |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06661B2 (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1994-01-05 | 品川白煉瓦株式会社 | Refractory bricks containing silicon nitride for hot metal treatment |
| RU2151123C1 (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 2000-06-20 | Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт (технический университет) | Composition and method of formation of compound for carbonized refractory materials |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2040911A (en) * | 1979-02-09 | 1980-09-03 | Kyushu Refractories | Carbon-containing refractory bricks |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL251128A (en) * | 1959-09-22 | |||
| GB1058461A (en) * | 1962-10-02 | 1967-02-08 | Int Minerals & Chem Corp | Refractory and cupola operation |
| JPS55115917A (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1980-09-06 | Nippon Steel Corp | Wall structure of converter |
| JPS55116655A (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1980-09-08 | Tokyo Yogyo Kk | Refractories |
| JPS5727968A (en) * | 1980-07-17 | 1982-02-15 | Kurosaki Refractories Co | Plate brick for sliding nozzle |
| JPS57166362A (en) * | 1981-04-06 | 1982-10-13 | Tokyo Yogyo Kk | Refractories containing carbonaceous matter |
-
1982
- 1982-12-13 JP JP57217056A patent/JPS59107961A/en active Granted
-
1983
- 1983-12-12 DE DE19833344851 patent/DE3344851A1/en active Granted
- 1983-12-13 GB GB08333237A patent/GB2131790B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-13 FR FR8319917A patent/FR2537565B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2040911A (en) * | 1979-02-09 | 1980-09-03 | Kyushu Refractories | Carbon-containing refractory bricks |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0669293A1 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-08-30 | North American Refractories Company | Resin bonded ceramic-carbon-metal composite comprising boron source and a combination of at least two metals |
| WO2023132948A1 (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | HarbisonWalker International Holdings, Inc. | Refractory lining design and steel practice for low refractory waste, and refractory based on reclaimed low-impurity magnesia-carbon aggregate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8333237D0 (en) | 1984-01-18 |
| JPS6152099B2 (en) | 1986-11-12 |
| FR2537565B1 (en) | 1991-10-31 |
| FR2537565A1 (en) | 1984-06-15 |
| DE3344851A1 (en) | 1984-06-14 |
| GB2131790B (en) | 1986-07-30 |
| JPS59107961A (en) | 1984-06-22 |
| DE3344851C2 (en) | 1988-04-07 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19951213 |