FR2980986A1 - HAMMERS FOR ROTORS EQUIPMENT OF HAMMER STONE MILLING MACHINES - Google Patents

Abstract

Hammer for the equipment of stone-making machine rotors of the kind comprising rotors rotating about a horizontal axis and equipped with hammers fixed peripherally to said rotors, characterized in that it comprises a body or tool holder support (32 ) arranged to be fixed on the crushing rotor and whose working end (31e) is provided with a plate (33) reported performed in a material of hardness greater than that of said body, said plate (33) being fixed directly or via member (34) on the distal end of said body.

Description

The invention relates to hammers for equipping machines for grinding hammer stones. Stone grinding machines are known having at least one rotor rotating about a horizontal axis and equipped with hammers pivotally attached to the periphery of said rotor. This rotor is mounted in a grinding chamber defined by a fairing in which is disposed at least one anvil which can be constituted by a robust steel beam. This anvil is disposed near the rotor and cooperates with the hammers for grinding stones. Such machines can be used to rid the soil stones whose size would be likely to hinder the use of the latter for various assignments such as: - preparation of arable land; - creation and maintenance of forest roads or firebreaks; - preparation and maintenance of playgrounds (sports fields, ski slopes, etc.); - preparation for turfing surfaces such as golf courses. Such stone crushing machines combining two rotors equipped peripherally with grinding means which can be constituted by pivoting hammers are for example described in the documents GB737.253, FR-2.761.979, DE-AS-1.930. 038, CN-2.829.881-Y, WO-2010 / 022.549-A1 and DE-41.10.643). However, the grinding or crushing machines disclosed in these documents are not stone removal machines and do not disclose any teaching applicable to the particular field of the present invention. Document FR-2,582,965 describes a stone-extracting machine or stone-removing machine whose grinding device comprises three horizontal grinding rolls. According to this document, the tools mounted at the periphery of the rotors are constituted by longitudinal bars that are not very effective in grinding stones of varied size extracted from the ground. In a more general manner, it is observed that the articulated or fixed hammers equipping the crushing rotors of the stone removal machines are generally entirely formed by simple solid monobloc steel bars, of parallelepipedal or approximately parallelepipedic general shape, and comprising an active end. A major disadvantage of stone removal machines comprising a crushing rotor provided with such hammers, results from the short life of the latter, which generally does not exceed a day of use of these machines in the field. In fact, the hammers are subjected, during work, to rapid wear resulting from their friction with the materials entrained and ground by the crushing rotor (stones of various types and abrasive siliceous earths).

If it is considered that the crushing rotor of a stone removal machine has, in most cases, four or six rows or rows (or even fewer or more rows) of eight hammers (or even a smaller or larger number of hammers), it is conceivable that the replacement of worn hammers after a day's work represents a significant time of removal of used tools and fixing new hammers, and a very high cost. Another disadvantage of known stone removal machines results from the ignorance, in the construction thereof, of various parameters suitable for increasing the optimum operating time of the means ensuring the driving of the crushing rotors with articulated or fixed hammers. An object of the present invention is therefore to provide crushing hammers for stone removal machine free from the above disadvantages. According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of hammers consisting of a tool-holder body arranged to be fixed on the crushing rotor and whose working end is provided with an insert insert made of a material of hardness. greater than that of said body, the hammer thus formed is intended to be completely replaced at the end of use. According to an exemplary implementation, the plate is made of carbide and is attached to the tool body by soldering.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the insert plate is fixed on the tool holder body by means of a support fitted into the distal end of the body arranged for this purpose. According to one embodiment, the tool holder body and the support are secured by means of a clamping screw.

According to another embodiment, the fixing of the support on the tool-holder body is carried out by means of a whistle wedge having a sloping surface, able to be locked in the distal end of the tool-holder body arranged at this effect. Thus, the depression of the wedge in the tool holder body during screwing, produces a clamping and mechanical locking of the support in said body.

According to one embodiment, the wafer is made of carbide and is soldered onto the support. According to an advantageous embodiment, the surfaces in contact and fixed by brazing of the wafer and the tool holder body or support are provided with cells.

According to a preferred embodiment, the cells are made by sintering, with a sawtooth shape, on the carbide plate. The hammers according to the invention are remarkable in that they have a working distal end acting as a negative cutting tool with a sharp angle greater than or equal to 90 °, and preferably, as in the exemplary embodiments illustrated. , equal to 90 °. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hammers are provided in their lower portion constituting their fastening end, with a bore through which they can be mounted with a pivoting ability on cylindrical assembly rods also called bars. pinning, and arranged parallel to the rotational shafts of the crushing and grinding rotors. According to another characteristic arrangement, these broaching bars 10 comprise two symmetrical flats while the lower end of the hammers is provided with an opening opening into the bore so that the rotation of 90 ° of each of the broaching bars, allows a quick and individual dismantling of stone removal hammers. According to one embodiment with fixed hammers, the hammers are still held in position by integral cheeks of the cylindrical casing of the rotor and disposed on either side of each hammer and secured to the latter by means of a screw of fixation. According to a preferred embodiment, the cheek to be placed on the side of the fixing screw intended to secure said tool holder and said support, has a safety shoulder in its upper part, this shoulder bears against the stopper. and the fixing screw 'of the working part of the hammer so as to avoid the accidental unscrewing thereof. According to an advantageous embodiment, one of the cheeks has a safety recess and pre-positioning in its lower part 25 against which rests the end of the lower part of fixing the hammer. According to an advantageous exemplary embodiment, the fixing of the support on the flange is carried out by means of a whistle wedge having a sloping surface, able to be locked in a portion of the flange arranged for this purpose, the wedge being still provided with a tapping for the passage of a clamping screw at 5- differentials so that the depression of the wedge in the flange during screwing, produces a clamping and mechanical locking of the cover tool in said flange. The above and other objects, features and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1a is a sectional side view of a stone removal machine floor, equipped with pivoting hammers according to the invention. Figure 1b is a side view and in section of a ground stone machine, equipped with fixed hammers according to the invention. Figure 2 is a detail view illustrating a first embodiment of the stone removal hammer according to the invention. Figure 3 is a detail view illustrating the junction between the hammer body and the carbide pellet.

Figure 4a is a detail view and in section along the line 4-4 of Figure 4b. Figure 4b is a detail view showing a second embodiment of the stone removal hammers according to the invention. Figure 5 is a view illustrating the attachment of a hammer according to Figures 4a and 4b with fixing flanges. Figure 6a is a detail view in section along the line 6-6 of Figure 6b, showing a third example of implementation of stone removal hammers according to the invention. Figure 6b is a top view of Figure 6a.

FIG. 7 is a detailed view showing a fourth exemplary embodiment of the stone dressing hammers equipping the crushing and grinding rotors according to the invention, the latter being illustrated mounted on a broaching bar and fixed by means of positioning cheeks. Figure 8a is a sectional view along the line 8-8 of Figure 8b, showing the cover tool according to the invention.

Figure 8b is a top view of Figure 8a. Figure 9 is a partially cutaway sectional view of the upper rotor equipped with recovery tools. Reference is made to these drawings to describe an interesting example, albeit in no way limiting, of producing hammers for the equipment of the rotors of the hammer milling machines. A mobile stone treatment machine which is the subject of a patent application filed by the author of the present invention and which can be advantageously equipped with the hammers claimed in the application is, for example, represented in FIGS. 1a and 1b. . This machine comprises a grinding chamber 1 in which is housed a crushing device 2 comprising an anterior crushing rotor 3 and a rear crushing rotor 4, rotating in opposite directions, these rotors being arranged one after the other. and separated by a vertical space E, said crushing rotors 3, 4 being installed in the lower part of said grinding chamber 1 and positioned so as to scrape the ground S, during work, during the advancement of the machine which comprises a third crushing rotor 5 disposed above this vertical space E, this third rotor being separated from the anterior rotor 3 and the posterior rotor 4 by spaces e1, e2, said machine being notably remarkable in that these three crushing rotors are constituted by hammer rotors, and in that in working position and advancement of the machine (in the direction of the arrow A), the anterior crushing rotor 3 is driven by a rotation dextrorsum and thus turns "downstream" (arrow fl in the figures), while the crushing rotor posterior 4 is animated a rotation senestrorsum (arrow f2 in the figures), the upper rotor 5 being animated by a dextral rotation movement 30 (arrow f3 in the figures). The invention relates to hammers for equipping such a machine or, more generally, stone removal machines. According to the invention, each anterior and posterior crushing rotor 3 is provided, in its outer surface, with a plurality of stone removal hammers 31. According to an embodiment shown in FIG. 2, each hammer 31 consists of a tool holder body 32 arranged to be fixed on the crushing rotors 3, 4 and whose working end 31e is provided with an insert plate 33 made of a material of hardness greater than that of said body , the hammer 31 thus formed is intended to be completely replaced at the end of use. According to an exemplary implementation, the plate 33 is made of carbide and is attached to the tool body 32 by brazing. According to a second embodiment illustrated in Figures 4a and 6a, the insert plate 33 is fixed on the tool holder body 32 by means of a support 34 fitted into the distal end of the body arranged for this purpose, as shown in Figure 5.

According to a first embodiment shown in FIG. 4a, the tool support body 32 and the support 34 are secured by means of a clamping screw 35. This screw is then locked by a clamping plug 52. no differentials. According to another embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6a, the fixing of the support 34 on the tool holder body 32 is carried out by means of a wedge or wedge whistle 36 having a sloping surface, able to be locked in the distal end of the tool holder body 32 arranged for this purpose. The tool holder body 32 and the support 34 are secured by clamping screws 35. The wedge 36 is again provided with threads for screwing the plugs 52. The clamping screws are then blocked by clamping plugs 52. with no differential (not end). The wedge is also provided with an additional tapping 54, for example disposed between the tappings provided for the clamping plugs 52. This tapping 54 constitutes an anchor point to allow removal of said wedge. According to one embodiment, the plate 33 is made of carbide and is soldered onto the support 34. With such a hammer comprising a tool holder body 32, a support 34 and an insert plate 33, after one working day, just replace only said support and said plate, the tool holder 32 remaining permanently on the crushing rotor 3 or 4. According to an advantageous embodiment, the surfaces in contact with the body 32 and the pellet 33 (FIG. 2) or support 34 and pellet 33 (FIGS. 4a and 6a) and fixed by soldering are provided with cavities 37.

These cells 37 may be executed, by machining or by sintering, either on the tool holder body 32 or on the support 34, or on the carbide plate 33, or on the two parts to be assembled 32-33 or 34-33. Preferably, these cells are made by sintering on the carbide plate. For example, these cells 37 have a sawtooth shape.

The hammers thus designed have a better impact resistance because the inserts reported by brazing on the honeycomb faces allow the hammers not to suffer the effects of creep of the material that could cause the detachment of the pads. Advantageously, the carbide plates 33 which are provided with the stone removal hammers 31 have a wear indicator 38 on the surface intended to be in contact with the soil S to be treated. This wear indicator may, for example, be in the form of a simple notch in the wafer 33. The hammers 31 have a generally parallelepiped shape, or approximately parallelepiped, and dimensions such that they can reach up to 10 to 15 cm deep in the soil S to be treated. Advantageously, the hammers 31 have a working distal end 31e acting as a negative cutting tool with a cutting angle greater than or equal to 90 °, and preferably, as in the exemplary embodiments illustrated, equal to 90 °. - 9 - This profile cleared or escaping hammers allows a lower drag of the radial friction in the material to be treated, during rotations, and therefore less heating of the working end. The hammers 31 (body or tool holder 32 and support 34) are made of any material having the robustness necessary to sustainably perform their function. Advantageously, they are made of weldable mild steel resistant to repeated impacts, vibrations, twists and flexions, and heating during dry work. The hammers 31 are provided in their lower portion constituting their fixing end, a bore 39 through which they can be mounted with a pivotability on cylindrical assembly bars 40 (Figure 7) also called bars of pinning, and arranged parallel to the rotational shafts 41 of the crushing and grinding rotors 3, 4 (Figures 1a and 1b).

In one embodiment of the stone removal machine equipped with fixed hammers, the broaching bars 40 may also comprise two symmetrical flats 42 while the lower end of the hammers 31 is provided with an opening 50 opening into the bore 39 so that the rotation of 90 ° of each of the broaching bars, allows a quick and individual dismantling of stone removal hammers. It is possible to use such hammers having an opening 50 opening into the bore 39 to equip swing hammer machines. However, in this case, the broaching bars must not include flats 42.

It is still possible to use pin bars having flats 42 for swing hammer machines, however the hammers 31 must not have an opening 50 opening into the bore 39. In one embodiment using fixed hammers , the hammers are still held in position by cheeks 43-44 integral with the cylindrical casing 51 of the rotors 3, 4, disposed on either side of each hammer 31 -10- and secured to these with the aid of a fixing screw, for example a screw 45. Preferably and advantageously, in the embodiment of the hammer described above and comprising a tool holder 32 and a support 34 (Figure 5), the cheek 43 to be placed the side of the clamping screw 35 for securing said tool holder 32 and said support 34, has a safety shoulder 46 in its upper part. This shoulder is supported against the clamping cap 52 of the fixing screw 35 of the working portion 31e of the hammer so as to prevent the accidental unscrewing thereof. One of the cheeks 43-44, for example the left cheek 43 as illustrated here, has a safety and pre-positioning recess 47 in its lower part. This recess also has the advantage of being a support for the end of the lower fixing portion of the hammer 31 during its fixing by screwing. These hammers 31 can be fixedly mounted and / or pivoted (according to the double arrow F in the figures) on the cylindrical housing 51 of one or more of the rotors 3, 4. Preferably, the hammers are fixed because such a rotor fixed hammers is reinforced and also easier to use. However, one can for example imagine the combination of two rotors 3, 4 to 20 pivoting hammers and a rotor 5 with fixed hammers, or two rotors 4, 5 with fixed hammers and a rotor 3 with pivoting hammers, or three rotor hammers fixed. Advantageously, the upper rotor 5 is monobloc and is equipped in its periphery with a plurality of stone removal tools. For example, it is equipped with six equidistant lines of hammers 56. These stone removal hammers 56 fitted to the upper rotor 5 are crushing tools making it possible to refine, under shocks, the aggregates thrown by the rotors 3, 4 into the vertical space E, and also rotary transfer tools of the aggregates G in the space e2 separating the upper rotor 5 and the posterior rotor 4.

For example, according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9, each hammer 56 consists of a support body 57 arranged to be fixed on a rotor (for example upper rotor 5 of the machine illustrated in FIGS. 1a, 1b). and whose working end 56e is provided with an insert plate 33 made of a material of hardness greater than that of said support, the hammer 56 thus formed is intended to be fully replaced at the end of use. According to an exemplary implementation, the plate 33 is carbide and is attached to the support body 57 by solder.

The fixing of the body 57 on the upper rotor 5 is carried out by means of a wedge or wedge whistle 36 having a sloping surface, able to be locked in a portion of the upper rotor 5 arranged for this purpose. The various clamping and locking systems of the mechanical parts used (the screw 35, the screw 45, the screw 55, the plug 52) are in differential and antagonistic pitch. Preferably, the upstream thread has a smaller pitch than the pitch of the downstream thread. According to the embodiment using a differential pitch screw, said screw has two threads, one being disposed on the head of the screw and the other being disposed on the body of the screw, the pitch of the thread on the head. of screw being smaller than that on the body of the screw. According to the embodiment using a screw and a plug, said plug has a smaller thread than that which is provided with the body of the screw. In this case, the head of the screw does not have threading. The upstream and downstream threads may be circular threads wound in the same direction, not to the right or not to the left, or in opposite directions.

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS1. Hammer for the equipment of stone-making machine rotors of the kind comprising rotors rotating about a horizontal axis and equipped with hammers fixed peripherally to said rotors, characterized in that it comprises a body or tool holder support (32 , 57) arranged to be fixed on the crushing rotor (3, 4, 5) and whose working end (31e, 56e) is provided with an insert (33) reported made of a material of hardness greater than that said body, said wafer (33) being attached directly or via a support (34) to the distal end of said body. 2. Hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate (33) attached is attached to the tool holder body (32) by means of a support (34) nested in the distal end of the body arranged at this effect. Hammer according to Claim 2, characterized in that the tool-carrying body (32) and the support (34) are secured by means of a clamping screw (35), this clamping screw being locked by a clamping plug (52) with differential pitch. 4. Hammer according to claim 3, characterized in that the fixing of the support (34) on the tool holder body (32) is performed via a wedge (36) whistle having a sloping surface, suitable for to be locked in the distal end of the tool-holder body provided for this purpose so that the depression of the wedge (36) in the tool-holder body (32) when the screws (35) are screwed in, produces a tightening and a mechanical locking of said support in said body, the screws being locked by clamping plugs (52) with differential pitch. Hammer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plate (33) is executed. carbide and is soldered to the support (34) or the tool holder (32). Hammer according to claim 5, characterized in that the contacting and brazed surfaces of the wafer (33) and the tool holder (32) or support (34) are provided with cavities (37). Hammer according to claim 6, characterized in that the cells (37) are sintered, with a sawtooth shape, on the carbide plate (33). Hammer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the carbide plates (33) provided with the stone removal hammers (31) have a wear indicator (38) on the surface intended to be in contact with each other. contact with the ground (S) to be treated. Hammer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it has a generally parallelepipedal, or approximately parallelepipedal, shape. 10. Hammer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the insert plate (33) constituting the working distal end (31e) has a sharp angle greater than or equal to 90 °. 11. Hammer according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it is provided in its lower portion constituting its fixing end, a bore (39) through which it can be mounted with pivotability on cylindrical assembly rods (40) also called broaching bars, and arranged parallel to the rotational shafts (41) of the crushing and grinding rotors (3, 4) .5. 6. 7. 8. 9.-14- 12. Hammer according to claim 11, characterized in that the broaching bars (40) comprise two symmetrical flats (42) while the lower end of the hammers is provided with a opening (50) opening into the bore (39) so that the 90 ° rotation of each of the broaching bars (40), allows rapid and individual dismantling of the stone removal hammers. 13. Hammer according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is held in position by cheeks (43-44) integral with the cylindrical housing (51) of the rotor (3 or 4), arranged from and other said hammer and secured to the latter with a fixing screw (45). 14. Hammer according to claim 13, characterized in that the cheek (43) to be placed on the side of the clamping screw (35) for securing the tool holder body (32) and the support (34) of said hammer (31), has a safety shoulder (46) in its upper part, this shoulder bearing against the plug (52) and the fixing screw (35) of the working portion (31e) of the hammer so as to avoid unscrewing accidental of it. Hammer according to either of Claims 13 and 14, characterized in that one (43) of the cheeks (43-44) has a safety and pre-positioning step (47) in its lower part against which is abutting the end of the lower fixing portion of the hammer (31). 16. Hammers according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that they are mounted fixedly and / or pivotally on the cylindrical housing (51) of the rotors (3, 4). 17. Hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that each hammer (56) fitted to the rotors comprises a support (57) arranged to be fixed on said rotors (5) and whose working end (56e) - 15- is provided with an insert plate (33) made of a material of hardness greater than that of said support. 18. Hammer according to claim 17, characterized in that the fixing of the support (57) on the rotors is carried out via a whistle wedge (36) having a sloping surface, adapted to be locked in a portion of rotors (5) arranged for this purpose. Hammer according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the various systems for clamping and locking the mechanical parts used (the screw 35, the screw 45, the screw 55, the plug 52) are at a pitch. Differential and antagonistic, the upstream thread has a smaller pitch than the pitch of the downstream thread. Hammer according to claim 19, characterized in that the clamping system is a differential pitch screw having two threads, one being arranged on the head of the screw and the other being disposed on the body of the screw, the pitch of the thread on the screw head being smaller than that on the body of the screw. 21. Hammer according to claim 19, characterized in that the clamping system consists of a screw and a plug, said cap having a smaller net than that which is provided with the body of the screw.