FR2890082A1 - Aluminium casting alloy - Google Patents
Aluminium casting alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2890082A1 FR2890082A1 FR0607610A FR0607610A FR2890082A1 FR 2890082 A1 FR2890082 A1 FR 2890082A1 FR 0607610 A FR0607610 A FR 0607610A FR 0607610 A FR0607610 A FR 0607610A FR 2890082 A1 FR2890082 A1 FR 2890082A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- alloys
- aluminum
- parts
- time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010112 shell-mould casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910016570 AlCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001295 No alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne des alliages de moulages à base d'aluminium, enThe invention relates to alloys of aluminum-based castings, in particular
particulier pour des applications concernant le châssis. Pour ce faire, on utilise, en général, des alliages particularly for chassis applications. To do this, we generally use alloys
d'aluminium et de silicium (AlSi), hypoeutectiques et fondus de façon primaire, qui, pour augmenter la résistance, sont alliés à de faibles quantités de magnésium (Mg), par exemple des alliages du type AlSi7Mg ou AlSillMg. On utilise aussi, individuellement, des alliages à base d'aluminium et de silicium contenant du magnésium et du cuivre (AlSi(Mg, Cu)) qui ne peuvent cependant trouver que des applications de niche en raison des propriétés corrosives. Cela s'applique également à la famille des alliages à base d'aluminium et de cuivre contenant du titane et du magnésium (AlCu(Ti, Mg)) qui, parmi les alliages de type courant, offrent les résistances les plus élevées. De même, les alliages d'aluminium et de magnésium (AlMg) forment des applications de niche dans le secteur concernant les châssis. D'autres familles d'alliages, comme un alliage d'aluminium et de zinc (AlZn) ou d'aluminium et de lithium (AlLi) , ne jouent aucun rôle dans le châssis. aluminum and silicon (AlSi), hypoeutectic and fused primary, which, to increase the strength, are alloyed with small amounts of magnesium (Mg), for example alloys of the AlSi7Mg or AlSillMg type. Aluminum and silicon-based alloys containing magnesium and copper (AlSi (Mg, Cu)) are also used individually, but can only find niche applications because of the corrosive properties. This also applies to the family of aluminum and copper alloys containing titanium and magnesium (AlCu (Ti, Mg)), which among the common type alloys, offer the highest strengths. Likewise, aluminum and magnesium alloys (AlMg) form niche applications in the chassis sector. Other families of alloys, such as an alloy of aluminum and zinc (AlZn) or aluminum and lithium (AlLi), play no role in the chassis.
Habituellement, les pièces de structure qui sont produites à partir des alliages cités précédemment sont soumises à un traitement thermique en deux étapes, pour obtenir les propriétés souhaitées. Usually, the structural pieces that are produced from the aforementioned alloys are subjected to a two-stage heat treatment to achieve the desired properties.
Généralement, les familles d'alliages, qui existent, présentent l'inconvénient qu'avec ces familles d'alliages on ne peut obtenir qu'un rapport de résistance / allongement qui est limité. Les alliages cités précédemment, plus résistants et comportant un ajout de cuivre (Cu), s'éliminent souvent en raison des propriétés corrosives. Des alliages d'aluminium et de magnésium (AlMg) sont nettement plus difficiles à mouler et, par conséquent, limités dans l'application (géométrie des pièces de structure). Generally, families of alloys, which exist, have the disadvantage that with these families of alloys it is possible to obtain only a ratio of resistance / elongation which is limited. The above-mentioned alloys, which are more resistant and have an addition of copper (Cu), are often eliminated because of the corrosive properties. Aluminum and magnesium alloys (AlMg) are significantly more difficult to mold and, therefore, limited in application (geometry of structural parts).
Par conséquent, le but de l'invention consiste à développer un alliage qui présente des propriétés qui, en particulier pour des applications dans le secteur de la construction automobile, présentent encore des valeurs suffisantes d'allongement à la rupture concernant des résistances de matériau élevées. Cette combinaison de propriétés est par exemple nécessaire dans le cas d'applications concernant les châssis, pour pouvoir surmonter des cas de mauvaise utilisation. En même temps, l'alliage doit être moulé de manière suffisamment satisfaisante et, en raison de sa composition, ne doit pas poser d'exigences excessives concernant le processus de fusion et le cycle du métal. Therefore, the object of the invention is to develop an alloy which exhibits properties which, particularly for applications in the automotive sector, still have sufficient elongation at break values for high material strengths. . This combination of properties is for example necessary in the case of applications concerning the chassis, to be able to overcome cases of misuse. At the same time, the alloy must be molded sufficiently satisfactorily and, because of its composition, must not place excessive demands on the melting process and the metal cycle.
Ce but est atteint, conformément à l'invention, par le fait que des alliages de moulages à base d'aluminium (Al) contiennent au moins cinq des composants d'alliages indiqués par la suite. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the fact that alloys of aluminum-based castings (Al) contain at least five of the alloy components indicated hereinafter.
Si: de 2,5 % en poids à 3,3 % en poids, de préférence de 2,7 % en poids à 3,1 % en poids Mg: de 0,2 % en poids à 0,7 % en poids, de préférence de 0, 3 % en poids à 0,6 % 35 en poids Fe: < 0,18 % en poids, de préférence de 0,05 % en poids à 0,16 % en poids Mn: < 0,5 % en poids, de préférence de 0,05 % en poids à 0,4 % en poids Ti: < 0,1 % en poids, de préférence de 0,01 % en poids à 0,08 % en poids Sr: < 0,03 % en poids, de préférence de 0,01 % en poids à 0,03 % en poids autres composants: < 0,1 % en poids et complétés, à chaque fois, jusqu'à 100 % en poids, avec de l'aluminium (Al). If: from 2.5% by weight to 3.3% by weight, preferably from 2.7% by weight to 3.1% by weight, Mg: from 0.2% by weight to 0.7% by weight, preferably from 0.3% by weight to 0.6% by weight Fe: <0.18% by weight, preferably from 0.05% by weight to 0.16% by weight Mn: <0.5% by weight, preferably from 0.05% by weight to 0.4% by weight Ti: <0.1% by weight, preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.08% by weight Sr: <0, 03% by weight, preferably 0.01% by weight to 0.03% by weight other components: <0.1% by weight and each, up to 100% by weight, with aluminum (Al).
Le cas échéant, des impuretés dues à la fabrication, telles qu'elles sont connues généralement de l'homme de l'art, peuvent être contenues, par exemple, du plomb (Pb), du nickel (Ni), du zinc (Zn), etc. Les alliages conformes à l'invention présentent un rapport de résistance / allongement qui ne peut pas être obtenu avec des alliages de moulages à base d'aluminium (Al), de type courant, en raison de l'exigence de liberté du cuivre (Cu). En particulier dans le cas de procédés de moulage aidés par la pression, par exemple un moulage en coquille à basse pression / à contre-pression, de meilleures propriétés technologiques, du point de vue mécanique, sont obtenues à partir de la bonne structure de moulage. Where appropriate, impurities due to manufacture, as generally known to those skilled in the art, may be contained, for example, lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn ), etc. The alloys according to the invention have a ratio of resistance / elongation which can not be obtained with alloys of aluminum-based castings (Al), of the current type, because of the requirement of freedom of copper (Cu ). Particularly in the case of pressure-assisted molding processes, eg low-pressure / back-pressure shell molding, better mechanical properties, from the mechanical point of view, are obtained from the good molding structure. .
Il peut être avantageux en outre que 30 l'alliage soit à grains affinés. It may be further advantageous that the alloy is fine grain.
Pour obtenir les avantages cités précédemment ou bien pour les développer encore, il est avantageux que les pièces de structure moulées soient traitées thermiquement, en particulier avec les paramètres suivants. To obtain the advantages mentioned above or to develop them further, it is advantageous for the molded structural parts to be heat-treated, in particular with the following parameters.
2890082 4 Recuit de mise en solution de 490 C à 540 C sur une période de temps comprise entre 1 h et 10 h Revenu: de 150 C à 200 C sur une période de temps comprise entre 1 h et 10 h. Mais pour plusieurs cas d'utilisation, il peut, aussi, être avantageux de procéder seulement à un traitement de revenu en une seule étape, connu généralement comme étant par exemple le traitement de type T4, T5 ou O. En plus des avantages déjà cités, les pièces de structure réalisées dans des alliages conformément à l'invention présentent en outre, comme avantage, qu'en raison de l'absence des composants d'alliages tels que le cuivre (Cu) et le zinc (Zn), la résistance à la corrosion est nettement augmentée. Le produit est également relativement peu onéreux, car l'on n'utilise aucun ajout d'alliage, comme par exemple des métaux de terres rares qui renchérissent le produit. On peut utiliser le traitement de fusion habituel et aucun surcoût particulier n'est nécessaire pour la séparation de cycle. 2890082 4 Solution annealing at 490 C at 540 C over a period of time between 1 h and 10 h Revenue: from 150 C to 200 C over a period of time between 1 h and 10 h. But for several use cases, it may also be advantageous to proceed only to a single-stage income treatment, generally known as, for example, the type of treatment T4, T5 or O. In addition to the advantages already mentioned , the structural parts made of alloys according to the invention have, furthermore, the advantage that due to the absence of alloying components such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), the resistance corrosion is significantly increased. The product is also relatively inexpensive because no alloy additions are used, such as for example rare earth metals which make the product expensive. The usual melting treatment can be used and no special extra cost is required for the cycle separation.
Dans le cas d'une excellente aptitude au moulage, on obtient un excellent rapport de résistance / allongement. L'aptitude au moulage rend possible, d'une part, une pièce moulée exempte de défauts importants qui sont connus, comme par exemple la formation de retassures. In the case of excellent moldability, an excellent strength / elongation ratio is obtained. The moldability makes it possible on the one hand, a molded part free of significant defects that are known, such as the formation of sinkholes.
D'autre part, la microstructure, dans une telle façon de procéder, est positivement influencée, par le fait que la quantité d'entailles intérieures, qui réduisent l'allongement à la rupture, est maintenue à un niveau le plus faible possible. On the other hand, the microstructure, in such a manner of proceeding, is positively influenced by the fact that the amount of internal notches, which reduce the elongation at break, is kept as low as possible.
Comme valeurs à citer à titre d'exemple, il convient d'indiquer: R, Rp0, 2 A5 [MPa] [MPa] [%] moulage en coquille par gravité 250 140 13 état du moulage moulage en coquille par gravité 320 260 5 traitement thermique T6 (540 C, 7h, 160 C, 8h) moulage en coquille aidé par la pression 370 300 11 traitement thermique T6 (540 C, 7h, 160 C, 6h) *indiquer les valeurs exactes seulement si c'est vraiment nécessaire! Les alliages de moulages à base d'aluminium selon l'invention sont ainsi particulièrement adoptés pour la réalisation des pièces d'usinage, des pièces de structure ou bien des pièces pour des parties de châssis de véhicules automobiles ou en faisant partie. Examples of values to be given include: R, Rp0, 2 A5 [MPa] [MPa] [%] gravity mold casting 250 140 13 state of molding gravity casting 320 260 5 heat treatment T6 (540 C, 7h, 160 C, 8h) pressure-assisted shell molding 370 300 11 heat treatment T6 (540 C, 7h, 160 C, 6h) * indicate the exact values only if it is really necessary ! The alloys of aluminum-based moldings according to the invention are thus particularly adopted for the production of machining parts, structural parts or parts for chassis parts of motor vehicles or part thereof.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0957389A FR2939149B1 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2009-10-21 | MOLDING ALLOYS ALUMINUM (A1). |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005041188 | 2005-08-31 | ||
| DE102006010131 | 2006-03-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2890082A1 true FR2890082A1 (en) | 2007-03-02 |
| FR2890082B1 FR2890082B1 (en) | 2009-12-04 |
Family
ID=37517275
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0607610A Expired - Fee Related FR2890082B1 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2006-08-30 | MOLDING ALLOYS ALUMINUM (A1). |
| FR0957389A Expired - Fee Related FR2939149B1 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2009-10-21 | MOLDING ALLOYS ALUMINUM (A1). |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0957389A Expired - Fee Related FR2939149B1 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2009-10-21 | MOLDING ALLOYS ALUMINUM (A1). |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100163137A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1917372B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2009506215A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112006002779A5 (en) |
| FR (2) | FR2890082B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITMI20061659A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007025528A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2222535B1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2016-02-24 | KSM Castings Group GmbH | Front axle carrier for motor vehicles |
| WO2009059593A2 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Ksm Castings Gmbh | CAST Al/Si ALLOYS |
| DE202008017274U1 (en) | 2007-11-08 | 2009-04-16 | Ksm Castings Gmbh | Front axle, especially for motor vehicles |
| DE102009048364A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-15 | Ksm Castings Gmbh | Front powered axle support for motor vehicle, has rear and front housings remote from each other in longitudinal direction, and housings respectively fixing gear-box and stabilizer, where housings integrated to chassis of support by bars |
| EP2766205A2 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2014-08-20 | KSM Castings Group GmbH | Cast part |
| EP2700727B1 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2014-12-17 | KSM Castings Group GmbH | Al casting alloy |
| CN102979937B (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2015-06-03 | 安徽春辉仪表线缆集团有限公司 | Check valve body aluminum alloy casting method |
| CN104968817A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2015-10-07 | Ksm铸造集团有限公司 | Aluminium casting alloy |
| DE112017007033B4 (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2024-07-11 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Llc | Chassis component for a motor vehicle made of an aluminium alloy and method for increasing the ductility and strength of an aluminium alloy |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07109536A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1995-04-25 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Aluminum alloy for forging and its heat treatment |
| JP3335732B2 (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 2002-10-21 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy and casting method thereof |
| JPH09272941A (en) * | 1996-04-04 | 1997-10-21 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Aluminum-based alloy used for product forging after casting into a product preform and its casting and forging method |
| JP3835629B2 (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 2006-10-18 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | Wear-resistant aluminum alloy material with excellent machinability and corrosion resistance |
| WO2001023633A2 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-04-05 | Honsel Guss Gmbh | Method for the heat treatment of structure castings from an aluminium alloy to be used therefor |
| FR2818288B1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2003-07-25 | Pechiney Aluminium | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A SECURITY PART IN AL-Si ALLOY |
| FR2827306B1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2004-10-22 | Pechiney Aluminium | HIGH DUCTILITY ALUMINUM ALLOY FOR PRESSURE CASTING |
| JP4227014B2 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2009-02-18 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Aluminum alloy material excellent in machinability and manufacturing method thereof |
| US20030143102A1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2003-07-31 | Showa Denko K.K. | Aluminum alloy excellent in cutting ability, aluminum alloy materials and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2003170263A (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-17 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Method for casting vehicle wheel under low pressure |
| FR2841164B1 (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2004-07-30 | Pechiney Aluminium | ALLOY MOLDING WITH HIGH FLUID RESISTANCE |
| DE102004022817A1 (en) * | 2004-05-08 | 2005-12-01 | Erbslöh Ag | Decorative anodizable, easily deformable, mechanically highly loadable aluminum alloy, process for its production and aluminum product made from this alloy |
| DE102006062840B9 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2013-05-16 | Ksm Castings Group Gmbh | Front axle, especially for motor vehicles |
-
2006
- 2006-08-30 IT IT001659A patent/ITMI20061659A1/en unknown
- 2006-08-30 WO PCT/DE2006/001525 patent/WO2007025528A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-08-30 JP JP2008528333A patent/JP2009506215A/en active Pending
- 2006-08-30 EP EP06791332A patent/EP1917372B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-08-30 FR FR0607610A patent/FR2890082B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-30 DE DE112006002779T patent/DE112006002779A5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-08-30 US US11/990,098 patent/US20100163137A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-10-21 FR FR0957389A patent/FR2939149B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITMI20061659A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
| JP2009506215A (en) | 2009-02-12 |
| WO2007025528A2 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
| FR2890082B1 (en) | 2009-12-04 |
| DE112006002779A5 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
| EP1917372B1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| FR2939149B1 (en) | 2011-04-22 |
| WO2007025528A3 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
| FR2939149A1 (en) | 2010-06-04 |
| EP1917372A2 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
| US20100163137A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| TP | Transmission of property |
Owner name: KSM CASTINGS GROUP GMBH, DE Effective date: 20121214 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
| ST | Notification of lapse |
Effective date: 20180430 |