ES3037938T3 - Peritoneal dialysis system and methods - Google Patents
Peritoneal dialysis system and methodsInfo
- Publication number
- ES3037938T3 ES3037938T3 ES22151688T ES22151688T ES3037938T3 ES 3037938 T3 ES3037938 T3 ES 3037938T3 ES 22151688 T ES22151688 T ES 22151688T ES 22151688 T ES22151688 T ES 22151688T ES 3037938 T3 ES3037938 T3 ES 3037938T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- disposable consumable
- fluid
- consumable container
- patient
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/15—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with a cassette forming partially or totally the flow circuit for the treating fluid, e.g. the dialysate fluid circuit or the treating gas circuit
- A61M1/153—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with a cassette forming partially or totally the flow circuit for the treating fluid, e.g. the dialysate fluid circuit or the treating gas circuit the cassette being adapted for heating or cooling the treating fluid, e.g. the dialysate or the treating gas
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- A61M1/15—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with a cassette forming partially or totally the flow circuit for the treating fluid, e.g. the dialysate fluid circuit or the treating gas circuit
- A61M1/154—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with a cassette forming partially or totally the flow circuit for the treating fluid, e.g. the dialysate fluid circuit or the treating gas circuit with sensing means or components thereof
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- A61M1/155—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with a cassette forming partially or totally the flow circuit for the treating fluid, e.g. the dialysate fluid circuit or the treating gas circuit with treatment-fluid pumping means or components thereof
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- A61M1/156—Constructional details of the cassette, e.g. specific details on material or shape
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Abstract
Se describen aquí sistemas y métodos para realizar diálisis peritoneal. Según un aspecto, la divulgación proporciona una conexión de interfaz estéril para conectar un sistema de purificación de agua a una fuente desechable de concentrados de dializado. La conexión de interfaz estéril puede incluir una cámara con una entrada adaptada para conectarse al sistema de purificación de agua en un extremo proximal y una válvula en un extremo distal. La conexión de interfaz estéril también puede incluir una aguja con resorte dispuesta en la cámara. La aguja con resorte puede moverse entre una configuración retraída, en la que está completamente retraída en la cámara y la válvula está cerrada y sellada, y una configuración extendida, en la que la aguja con resorte se extiende a través de la válvula hacia la fuente desechable de concentrados de dializado. (Traducción automática con Google Translate, sin valor legal)
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN
Sistema y métodos de diálisis peritoneal
Campo
La presente divulgación se refiere, en general, a sistemas de diálisis. Más específicamente, la presente divulgación se refiere a sistemas de diálisis peritoneal que incluyen muchas características que reducen la necesidad de almacenamiento de materiales desechables usando agua a demanda y facilitando al paciente la configuración y suministro.
Antecedentes
Hay, en la actualidad, cientos de miles de pacientes en Estados Unidos con una enfermedad renal en etapa terminal. La mayoría de ellos requiere diálisis para sobrevivir. Muchos pacientes reciben tratamiento de hemodiálisis en un centro de diálisis, que puede suponer un horario exigente, restrictivo y agotador para un paciente. En general, los pacientes que reciben diálisis en el centro deben trasladarse al centro al menos tres veces a la semana y estar sentados en una silla durante 3 a 4 horas cada vez, mientras se filtran las toxinas y el exceso de fluidos de su sangre. Después del tratamiento, el paciente debe esperar a que deje de sangrar la zona donde ha penetrado la aguja y a que la presión arterial vuelva a la normalidad, lo que requiere aún más tiempo que se restará de otras actividades más satisfactorias de su vida cotidiana. Adicionalmente, los pacientes, una vez en el centro, deben seguir un horario poco flexible, ya que un centro típico trata de tres a cinco turnos de pacientes a lo largo del día. Como resultado, muchas personas que se someten a diálisis tres veces a la semana se quejan de sentirse agotadas durante al menos unas horas después de una sesión.
La diálisis peritoneal proporciona una alternativa a la hemodiálisis en la que se introduce fluido en el peritoneo a través de un tubo permanente en el abdomen. La diálisis peritoneal se realiza normalmente en el domicilio del paciente mientras el paciente duerme. La principal complicación de la diálisis peritoneal es la infección del abdomen a través del tubo permanente.
La diálisis peritoneal tradicional requiere la preparación por lotes de fluido que se esteriliza completamente antes de su consumo por parte del paciente. Además, los sistemas tradicionales de diálisis peritoneal requieren que el paciente realice numerosas conexiones de fluidos. Esta preparación por lotes de fluidos y las numerosas etapas de configuración dificultan el tratamiento en el hogar.
El documento WO 2014/159420 A1 divulga un paquete esterilizado que contiene aditivos en polvo, que cuando se mezclan con el volumen adecuado de agua purificada o desinfectada forman un dializado prescrito correctamente formulado. El paquete especifica además el volumen de agua purificada que debe mezclarse con los aditivos. Los indicadores legibles proporcionan información a una unidad de control, incluido el volumen de mezcla de agua necesario.
Sumario
La invención se define en la reivindicación 1. En las reivindicaciones dependientes se definen realizaciones preferidas y aspectos adicionales de la invención.
En el presente documento se describen aparatos que incluyen una conexión de interfaz estéril configurada para conectar un sistema de purificación de agua a una fuente desechable de concentrados de dializado, comprendiendo la conexión de interfaz estéril una cámara que comprende una entrada adaptada para conectarse al sistema de purificación de agua en un extremo proximal y una válvula en un extremo distal, una aguja con resorte dispuesta en la cámara, estando un extremo proximal de la aguja con resorte conectada a la entrada, en donde la conexión de interfaz estéril incluye una configuración retraída en la que la aguja con resorte se retrae completamente en la cámara y la válvula se cierra y se sella, incluyendo además la conexión de interfaz estéril una configuración extendida en la que la aguja con resorte se extiende a través de la válvula hacia la fuente desechable de concentrados de dializado.
La aguja con resorte puede incluir además un lumen que se extiende a su través y un puerto dispuesto en un extremo distal de la aguja con resorte. La aguja con resorte también puede configurarse para suministrar agua desde el sistema de purificación de agua a la fuente desechable de concentrados de dializado.
La cámara puede comprender además una salida, estando la conexión de interfaz estéril configurada para, en la posición retraída, recibir fluido del sistema de purificación de agua a través de la entrada para esterilizar la cámara y la aguja con resorte y deshacerse del fluido a través de la salida. El fluido puede configurarse para entrar en contacto con todas las superficies interiores y exteriores de la aguja con resorte.
En el presente documento se describen aparatos que incluyen una conexión de interfaz estéril de una fuente desechable de concentrados de dializado, estando la conexión de interfaz estéril configurada para recibir una aguja de un sistema de purificación de agua para acoplar el sistema de purificación de agua a la fuente desechable de concentrados de dializado, comprendiendo la conexión de interfaz estéril una característica de alineación adaptada para guiar la aguja hacia la conexión de interfaz estéril, un tapón desinfectante adyacente a la característica de alineación, estando el tapón desinfectante configurado para esterilizar la aguja a medida que pasa a través del tapón desinfectante, y un tabique de sellado adyacente al tapón desinfectante, estando el tabique de sellado adaptado para formar un sello alrededor de la aguja cuando la aguja perfora el tabique de sellado.
La conexión de interfaz puede incluir un sello estéril dispuesto sobre el tapón desinfectante, en donde el sello estéril debe retirarse de la conexión de interfaz estéril antes de que entre la aguja.
En el presente documento se describen métodos, incluyendo un método para conectar un sistema de purificación de agua a una fuente desechable de concentrados de dializado, que comprenden recibir una conexión de interfaz estéril que comprende una cámara, una aguja con resorte dispuesta en la cámara, y una válvula de la cámara que está cerrada y sellada, conectar una entrada de la conexión de interfaz estéril al sistema de purificación de agua, extender la aguja con resorte a través de la válvula hacia la fuente desechable de concentrados de dializado.
Cualquiera de los métodos puede comprender además el suministro de fluido desde el sistema de purificación de agua a la fuente desechable de concentrados de dializado a través de la conexión de interfaz estéril.
Cualquiera de los métodos puede comprender además recibir fluido del sistema de purificación de agua a través de una entrada en la conexión de interfaz estéril para esterilizar la cámara y la aguja con resorte. Adicionalmente, los métodos pueden incluir deshacerse del fluido a través de una salida de la conexión de interfaz estéril. El fluido puede entrar en contacto con todas las superficies interiores y exteriores de la aguja con resorte.
Breve descripción de los dibujos
Las características novedosas de la invención se exponen de manera específica en las siguientes reivindicaciones. Se obtendrá una mejor comprensión de las características y ventajas de la presente invención con referencia a la siguiente descripción detallada que expone realizaciones ilustrativas, en las que se utilizan los principios de la invención, y los dibujos adjuntos, en los que:
La figura 1 ilustra una realización de un sistema de diálisis peritoneal.
La figura 2 muestra un diagrama esquemático del sistema de purificación de agua 102 de la figura 1.
La figura 3 muestra un diagrama esquemático de un sistema de purificación de agua alternativo que usa tecnología de desionización para eliminar las impurezas iónicas antes del ultrafiltro.
La figura 4 ilustra una parte reutilizable de una conexión de interfaz estéril que une el sistema de purificación de agua con el consumible desechable.
Las figuras 5 y 6 muestran una parte desechable de la conexión de interfaz estéril que une el sistema de purificación de agua con el consumible desechable.
La figura 7 ilustra un recipiente de concentrado que contiene concentrados de dializado preesterilizados proporcionados en la dosis adecuada para el tratamiento.
La figura 8 ilustra un ciclador automático de un sistema de diálisis peritoneal que alimenta la solución de diálisis hacia y desde el peritoneo del paciente.
La figura 9 muestra un ciclador automático que incorpora un dializador.
La figura 10 muestra un ejemplo de un recipiente estéril.
Descripción detallada
La presente divulgación describe sistemas, dispositivos y métodos (no reivindicados) relacionados con la terapia de diálisis peritoneal. En algunas realizaciones, el sistema de diálisis peritoneal puede ser un sistema de diálisis doméstico. Las realizaciones del sistema de diálisis pueden incluir diversas características que automatizan y mejoran el rendimiento, la eficiencia y la seguridad de la terapia de diálisis.
En algunas realizaciones, se describe un sistema de diálisis que puede proporcionar terapia de diálisis peritoneal aguda y crónica a los usuarios. Los sistemas descritos incluyen un sistema de purificación de agua configurado para preparar agua para su uso en la terapia de diálisis en tiempo real usando las fuentes de agua disponibles y un consumible desechable que interactúa con el sistema de purificación de agua para producir dializado para la terapia de diálisis.
En algunas realizaciones, un sistema de diálisis peritoneal puede preparar agua sustancialmente estéril en tiempo real para crear una solución de diálisis. Los sistemas de diálisis peritoneal descritos también pueden incluir características que facilitan que un paciente se autoadministre la terapia. Puede instalarse fácilmente un consumible desechable con puntos de conexión mínimos para la mezcla y el movimiento automáticos de fluidos. También se proporcionan métodos de uso (no reivindicados), incluyendo monitorización de solución de diálisis en tiempo real, recirculación de soluciones de diálisis y conexiones de interfaz.
La figura 1 ilustra una realización de un sistema de diálisis peritoneal 100 configurado para proporcionar tratamiento de diálisis a un usuario en un entorno clínico o no clínico, tal como el domicilio del usuario. El sistema de diálisis 100 puede comprender un sistema de agua estéril 102 conectado a un consumible desechable 104. El consumible desechable 104 puede interactuar con un catéter en el abdomen del paciente 106. Tanto el sistema de agua estéril como el consumible desechable pueden conectarse a un drenaje 106.
El sistema de purificación de agua 102 puede configurarse para purificar una fuente de agua en tiempo real para una terapia de diálisis. Por ejemplo, el sistema de purificación de agua puede conectarse a una fuente de agua residencial (por ejemplo, agua del grifo) y preparar agua pasteurizada en tiempo real. A continuación, el agua pasteurizada puede usarse para la terapia de diálisis peritoneal sin la necesidad de calentar y enfriar grandes cantidades de agua por lotes normalmente asociadas con las metodologías de purificación de agua.
La figura 2 muestra un diagrama esquemático del sistema de purificación de agua 102 de la figura 1. El sistema de purificación de agua puede incluir una fuente de agua entrante 110 (por ejemplo, un grifo), uno o más filtros de sedimentos 112, un o unos filtros de carbono 114, una o unas membranas de ósmosis inversa (RO) 116, un o unos ultrafiltros 118 y un intercambiador de calor (HEX) 120.
La fuente de agua entrante 110 proporciona agua de suministro al sistema de purificación de agua, que pasa a través de el o los filtros de sedimento 112 para filtrar las partículas en el fluido.
A continuación, el fluido pasa a través de el o los filtros de carbono 114 para filtrar toxinas tales como cloro y cloramina. En algunas realizaciones, podría haber múltiples filtros de carbono para garantizar que los niveles de cloro y cloramina estén dentro del intervalo aceptable para los componentes aguas abajo.
A continuación, el fluido pasa a través de las membranas de RO 116 que rechazan los iones en el fluido. Una relación de rechazo preferida de las membranas de RO puede ser de al menos el 94 %. En otras realizaciones, la relación de rechazo puede ser de al menos el 90 %. El agua permeada continúa hacia el ultrafiltro 118, mientras que los iones concentrados retirados del fluido por las membranas de RO se dirigen al drenaje 108. En algunas realizaciones, puede haber una pluralidad de membranas de RO para maximizar la retención de agua de permeado.
A medida que el agua permeada atraviesa el o los ultrafiltros 118, cualquier bacteria o endotoxina se adhiere a el o los ultrafiltros. En una realización específica, el ultrafiltro puede ser una membrana de polisulfona con un tamaño de poro de al menos 0,01 micrómetros. En algunas realizaciones, puede haber varios ultrafiltros en serie para garantizar la pureza del agua. En otras realizaciones, el o los ultrafiltros pueden localizarse en otros puntos en la trayectoria de fluido, incluso antes de las membranas de RO.
Por último, se hace pasar el agua permeada a través de un sistema de pasteurización o HEX 120, que usa presiones y temperaturas elevadas para desnaturalizar e inactivar todas las endotoxinas en el agua permeada. Se ha demostrado que elevar la endotoxina a una temperatura superior a 200 C a una presión de 240 PSI puede proporcionar una reducción de más de log 2 en el nivel de endotoxina.
La figura 3 muestra un diagrama esquemático de un sistema de purificación de agua alternativo que usa tecnología de desionización para eliminar las impurezas iónicas antes del ultrafiltro. En lugar de usar membranas de RO antes del ultrafiltro, como en la realización de la figura 2, el sistema de purificación de agua 102 de la figura 3 incorpora una o más resinas desionizantes 122 para capturar iones no deseados y producir agua pura.
Una vez que el dispositivo de agua estéril alcanza las condiciones de temperatura y presión en las que las endotoxinas y las bacterias se desnaturalizan e inactivan activamente, el agua puede dirigirse desde el sistema de purificación de agua al consumible desechable. El consumible desechable puede incluir una serie de características, descritas más adelante.
En otra realización, el agua estéril procedente del sistema de purificación de agua puede almacenarse en un recipiente estéril. El recipiente puede autodesinfectarse del agua producida por el intercambiador de calor y puede contener elementos accionadores para hacer circular el fluido dentro de sí mismo para evitar que se produzcan volúmenes muertos. En algunas realizaciones, el recipiente estéril puede ser un volumen abierto, en donde el fluido contenido puede agitarse periódica o continuamente por uno o una pluralidad de mezcladores rotatorios. En una realización, como se muestra en la figura 10, un recipiente estéril 1000 puede comprender una trayectoria de fluido sustancialmente no ramificada 1052 dispuesta en una configuración serpentina u otra configuración que permita una longitud de trayectoria lineal larga en un volumen pequeño. Una o más bombas de circulación 1054 dispuestas dentro de las trayectorias de fluido hacen que el fluido circule. La entrada 1056 y la salida 1058 de la trayectoria de fluido pueden abrirse de manera controlada mediante unas válvulas 1060 para permitir que el agua entre y salga de la trayectoria de fluido. El agua esterilizada que sale del recipiente puede mezclarse a continuación con el contenido del recipiente de concentrado de manera homogénea y elevarse a la temperatura del paciente.
Las figuras 4-6 ilustran una parte reutilizable de una conexión de interfaz estéril que une el sistema de purificación de agua con el consumible desechable. La conexión de interfaz estéril puede incluir una conexión reutilizable 124 en el sistema de purificación de agua y una conexión desechable 125 en el consumible desechable. Las posibilidades de contaminación en el sistema de diálisis peritoneal están limitadas por tener solo una interfaz entre el consumible desechable y el sistema de purificación de agua.
Haciendo referencia a la figura 4, la conexión reutilizable 124 puede incluir una cámara 126, una aguja con resorte 128, una salida de cámara 130, y una puerta de autoapertura y autosellado 132. La conexión reutilizable 124 puede incluir una configuración retraída y una configuración extendida. En la configuración retraída, la aguja con resorte 128 puede retraerse dentro de la cámara 126 a través de la puerta 132 para limitar la exposición al entorno ambiental. En esta posición retraída, el sistema de purificación de agua puede enjuagar la interfaz con desinfectante, agua estéril, o una combinación de los dos. En la configuración extendida, la aguja con resorte 128 puede extenderse a través de la puerta 132 para perforar o insertarse en el consumible desechable.
Haciendo referencia a las figuras 5-6, la conexión desechable 125 de la conexión de interfaz estéril puede tener un punto de punción que se esteriliza previamente hasta el uso activo. El punto de punción puede exponerse de manera manual o automática antes del uso activo. En una realización, haciendo referencia a la figura 5, el punto de punción de la conexión desechable 125 puede incluir una característica de alineación 134 configurada para guiar la aguja 128 hacia el punto de punción. En la realización ilustrada, el punto de punción puede incluir un tapón desinfectante 136 y un tabique de sellado 138. El tabique de sellado puede comprender un elastómero o un material similar. Tras la punción de la aguja, el tabique de sellado 138 puede formar un sello alrededor de la aguja 128, creando de este modo una conexión sin fugas entre el sistema de agua estéril y el desechable.
En otra realización, haciendo referencia a la figura 6, el punto de punción puede cubrirse con un sello estéril 140 que el usuario puede retirar antes del uso activo. El desprendimiento del sello removible puede ser de naturaleza manual o automática, pero puede mantenerse la esterilidad del punto de punción.
También se proporcionan sistemas y métodos para la creación, desechado y reciclaje de la solución de dializado antes, durante y después del tratamiento.
Haciendo referencia a la figura 7, el consumible desechable incluye un recipiente de concentrado 142 que contiene concentrados de dializado preesterilizados proporcionados en la dosis adecuada para el tratamiento. En una realización, el recipiente de concentrado puede incluir ácido en polvo, bicarbonato en polvo, glucosa y otros concentrados. En algunas realizaciones, estos concentrados pueden usarse para producir el gradiente oncótico u osmótico necesario para realizar la diálisis peritoneal. En algunas realizaciones, estos concentrados pueden contener sustancias de alto peso molecular, tales como polisacáridos, poliamidas o polipéptidos, con el fin de minimizar la transferencia de estas sustancias al paciente. En el transcurso de una sesión típica de diálisis peritoneal nocturna, pueden realizarse varios ciclos de infusión/drenaje, en donde el fluido de diálisis peritoneal se infunde en el peritoneo del paciente, se deja reposar y se drena. Debido a que hay una pluralidad de concentrados disponibles, la composición del fluido de diálisis infundido para cada ciclo puede variar, por ejemplo, para lograr diferentes objetivos clínicos, tales como una mayor eliminación de fluidos, la minimización de la retención de glucosa o el mantenimiento de compuestos nutricionales que pueden perderse durante el ciclo de drenaje. En algunas realizaciones, el consumible desechable puede tener electrodos incorporados, que pueden conectarse a un sensor externo para la monitorización del fluido de diálisis en tiempo real.
El agua estéril procedente del sistema de purificación de agua puede mezclarse con el contenido del recipiente de concentrado de manera homogénea y elevarse a la temperatura del paciente. En algunas realizaciones, el consumible desechable comprende dos láminas finas, térmicamente conductoras y flexibles soldadas juntas en un patrón para producir trayectorias de flujo tortuosas que promuevan la mezcla de fluidos. El consumible desechable puede comprender además secciones de tubería u otras características sobre las que pueden actuar bombas sin contacto con fluidos en la parte duradera de la invención. La temperatura, la conductividad u otras propiedades del fluido dentro del consumible desechable pueden detectarse o medirse mediante sensores sin contacto conectados a la parte duradera de la invención. También puede aplicarse calor al fluido en el consumible desechable a través de al menos un lado de las láminas finas, térmicamente conductoras y flexibles.
Una vez mezclada completamente, la solución de diálisis podría a continuación enrutarse a un paciente con un ciclador automático, permitiendo de este modo la generación y suministro de soluciones de diálisis peritoneal en tiempo real. El beneficio de la generación de soluciones de diálisis peritoneal en tiempo real durante la diálisis peritoneal automática es tal que el paciente no tiene que hacer múltiples conexiones desde múltiples fuentes, aumentando de este modo el riesgo de peritonitis. Además, el uso de la solución de diálisis preparada por lotes puede ser una carga para el paciente, ya que las bolsas que contienen litros de solución son relativamente pesadas para el paciente de diálisis típico. Este sistema minimiza la actividad física intensa del paciente antes de iniciar un tratamiento.
En otra realización, la solución de diálisis completamente mezclada podría a continuación enrutarse a un recipiente de fluido de diálisis estéril a través de un ciclador automático. Esto permitiría la dosificación de la solución de diálisis peritoneal antes del suministro.
La figura 8 ilustra un ciclador automático 144 del consumible desechable de un sistema de diálisis peritoneal, que alimenta la solución de diálisis hacia y desde el peritoneo del paciente. El ciclador automático 144 puede contener todas las bombas y sensores sin contacto que interactúan con la solución de dializado para suministrar la solución al paciente. Cuando la aguja con resorte de la conexión reutilizable se conecta a la conexión desechable, como se ha descrito anteriormente, pueden abrirse las líneas de concentrado internas 146. Las bombas del ciclador automático, tales como bombas peristálticas, puede usarse para bombear mezclas sobresaturadas de cada concentrado a una cámara de mezcla 148. A continuación, el fluido dentro de la cámara de mezcla puede elevarse a la temperatura del paciente.
Dado que la dosificación de la solución de diálisis es crítica, un sensor de conductividad se acoplará a los cables eléctricos del consumible desechable para permitir que el ciclador controle la calidad del fluido de diálisis en tiempo real. Si el fluido de diálisis no cumple con los ajustes prescritos en la prescripción, el ciclador podrá enrutar el fluido para drenar hasta que se corrija la dosificación. El sensor de conductividad puede colocarse, por ejemplo, en una salida de la cámara de mezcla.
Dado que la pérdida extrema de nutrientes es muy frecuente en la diálisis peritoneal, puede ser deseable reciclar la solución de diálisis del efluente del paciente para evitar que las proteínas críticas abandonen el cuerpo. Haciendo referencia a la figura 9, el ciclador automático 144 puede incorporar un dializador 146 que permita la difusión o convección de desechos de una fuente de fluido a otra. En esta realización, el lado de la solución de diálisis del dializador puede reponerse constantemente con una nueva solución de diálisis que fluye en una dirección, mientras que el lado de la solución del efluente del paciente del dializador puede mover el fluido en la dirección opuesta para maximizar los espacios libres de desechos. El dializador también puede omitirse, en eventos para llenar o drenar el peritoneo.
Dado que la peritonitis es un resultado habitual, pero inesperado, de la diálisis peritoneal, puede realizarse una detección temprana de los síntomas de peritonitis a través de la monitorización constante de la línea de drenaje. En particular, puede colocarse un medidor de turbidez para monitorizar el efluente del paciente en o alrededor de la línea de drenaje para monitorizar el cambio en la decoloración del fluido. Una vez detectada, el ciclador automático puede alertar al usuario de la aparición de peritonitis y tomar las medidas adecuadas.
Claims (14)
1. Un recipiente de consumible desechable (104) configurado para producir solución de dializado en tiempo real, que comprende:
una conexión de interfaz estéril (125) en el recipiente de consumible desechable y configurada para ser acoplada fluidamente a una fuente (102) de agua estéril;
un recipiente de concentrado (142) para acoplarse a la fuente de agua estéril a través de la conexión de interfaz estéril y que contiene una pluralidad de concentrados de dializado preesterilizados;
una cámara de mezcla (148) configurada para promover la mezcla de agua estéril con la pluralidad de concentrados de dializado preesterilizados para producir fluido de diálisis; y
un ciclador automático (144) configurado para bombear mezclas de cada uno de la pluralidad de concentrados de dializado preesterilizados a la cámara de mezcla, estando el ciclador automático configurado además para alimentar el fluido de diálisis producido desde y hacia un paciente.
2. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 1, en donde la cámara de mezcla (148) está configurada para elevar el fluido dentro de la cámara de mezcla a la temperatura del paciente.
3. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 1, en donde la cámara de mezcla (148) comprende una pluralidad de láminas térmicamente conductoras y flexibles soldadas juntas en un patrón para producir trayectorias de flujo tortuosas que promuevan la mezcla y el calentamiento del agua estéril con los concentrados de dializado.
4. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 1, que comprende además secciones de tubería sobre las que pueden actuar las bombas del ciclador automático (144).
5. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 1, que comprende además uno o más sensores configurados para medir las propiedades del fluido de diálisis.
6. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 1, que comprende además un sensor de conductividad configurado para monitorizar en tiempo real la calidad del fluido de diálisis.
7. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 6, en donde el ciclador automático (144) está configurado para enrutar el fluido de diálisis a un drenaje si el fluido de diálisis no cumple con los ajustes prescritos.
8. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 6, en donde el sensor de conductividad se coloca en una salida de la cámara de mezcla (148).
9. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 1, en donde el ciclador automático (144) incluye además un dializador (146) que permite la difusión o convección de residuos desde un primer fluido a un segundo fluido.
10. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 9, en donde el primer fluido comprende el fluido de diálisis y el segundo fluido comprende una solución del efluente del paciente.
11. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 10, en donde el dializador (146) comprende un lado de fluido de diálisis y un lado de solución del efluente del paciente, en donde el lado de fluido de diálisis del dializador se configura para recibir el nuevo fluido de diálisis que fluye en una primera dirección mientras que el lado de la solución del efluente del paciente del dializador se configura para recibir la solución del efluente del paciente en la dirección opuesta para maximizar los espacios libres de desechos.
12. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 1, en donde el recipiente de concentrado (142) incluye ácido en polvo, bicarbonato en polvo y glucosa.
13. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 12, en donde el recipiente de concentrado (142) incluye además otros concentrados configurados para producir el gradiente oncótico u osmótico necesario para llevar a cabo la diálisis peritoneal.
14. El recipiente de consumible desechable de la reivindicación 12, en donde el recipiente de concentrado (142) incluye además otros concentrados de sustancias de alto peso molecular tales como polisacáridos, poliamidas o polipéptidos, con el fin de minimizar la transferencia de estas sustancias al paciente.
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| US201662377416P | 2016-08-19 | 2016-08-19 |
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| ES17842262T Active ES2908601T3 (es) | 2016-08-19 | 2017-08-21 | Sistema y métodos de diálisis peritoneal |
| ES22151688T Active ES3037938T3 (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2017-08-21 | Peritoneal dialysis system and methods |
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| ES17842262T Active ES2908601T3 (es) | 2016-08-19 | 2017-08-21 | Sistema y métodos de diálisis peritoneal |
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| EP (2) | EP3500317B1 (es) |
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| CA3109237A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Outset Medical, Inc. | Systems and methods for priming dialysis tubing sets |
| AU2020266584B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2025-10-23 | Outset Medical, Inc. | Dialysis system and methods |
| JP2023549337A (ja) * | 2020-11-09 | 2023-11-24 | アウトセット・メディカル・インコーポレイテッド | 透析システムおよび方法 |
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| EP3500317A4 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
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