ES2582705T3 - Operating procedure for a heating device - Google Patents

Abstract

Operating procedure for a combustion granulate heating device, with at least one storage chamber for the combustion granulate (11) and with a flame chamber adjacent to the storage chamber, comprising the following process steps: - preparation phase: the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) is filled with the combustion granulate (11); - ignition phase: the stored combustion granulate (11) is ignited when an auxiliary ignition means is added under primary air supply (25) to the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) for the combustion granulate (11) to the storage chamber (10, 45, 10 46, 52, 53, 54, 55); characterized by: - a first phase of thermal use: after the ignition of the combustion granulate (11) by means of the auxiliary ignition means the primary air supply is interrupted, transforming, as a consequence of the process heat, the combustion granulate (11 ) with release of gases in a granular intermediate material and accessing the gases released through a passage opening (14, 49, 51), which joins the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55 ) with the flame chamber (12), and burning there under the secondary air supply (26); and - a second phase of thermal use: after the transformation of combustion granules (11) into the granular intermediate material, the granular intermediate material is burned under the primary air supply 20 (25) in the storage chamber (10, 45 , 46, 52, 53, 54, 55).

Description

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D E S C R I P C I O N

OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR A WARMING DEVICE

The invention relates to an operating method for a combustion granulate heating device with at least one storage chamber for the combustion granulate and with a flame chamber adjacent to the storage chamber.

Increasingly, heating devices configured as a chimney are used for heating living spaces. While for many years particularly wood has been burned in the heating devices, heating devices in which they are used thermally, a combustion granulate, for example, wood pellets or other pressed biofuels, are now increasingly extended in the form of granules, particularly foliage pellets, straw pellets, corn pellets or the like. While the combustion granulate offers a plurality of advantages and can be stored, for example, in a clean manner and dosed as far as quantity is concerned, a major problem in the case of such heating devices is that Due to the granularity of the combustible material, the flame image expected by the client is not produced as are the large flames typical for the case of combustion of firewood. Rather it produces a quantity of small flames. This flame image is not taken into account as the same or is not conceived as typical by the potential client and in part is not accepted. As far as this is concerned, the manufacturers try to bring the flame image of a combustion granulation heating device closer to the familiar flame image for the customer, which is configured during the combustion of the firewood .

A combustion granulate chimney with an adapted flame image is known, for example, from EP 1 826 483 A2. The combustion granulate chimney described theref comprises in a combustion space a storage chamber for the combustion granulate. The combustion space also includes a chamber of flame. Initially flow from the storage chamber, as a result of the force of gravity, individual pellets to a grill. There the pellets can ignite with the help of an auxiliary ignition medium. During the course of the combustion, pellets flow from the storage chamber to the grill to the extent that the pellets are burned there and pass combustion residues to a collection vessel through openings provided in the base of the grid. As a consequence of the burning of the pellets, heat is generated in the combustion space. This heat heats the pellets stored in the storage chamber. As a consequence of the heating of the pellets, gas escapes from the pellets. The released gas accesses through the passage openings, which are provided in a wall of the storage chamber, to the flame chamber and burns there as a result of the even greater heat. During the burning of the gases conducted from the storage chamber to the flame chamber, flames are produced, which are similar in terms of their size and appearance to the image of the flames of a chimney in which it is used firewood.

From EP 2 085 694 A2, a fireplace wood heating device with an electronic control is known. The heating device has a combustion chamber, which is used to accommodate the chimney and burn it, as well as to produce the flames. The chimney provides individually controllable valves for the regulation of the supply of primary air and secondary air. A multi-stage combustion process with an interruption of the primary air supply in a first phase of thermal use is not disclosed.

It is the task of the present invention, to perfect in such a way a heating device for combustion granules, in which the degree of thermal performance is improved and the duration of combustion is prolonged. In this case, a flame image similar to the flame image of conventional heating devices must be made available and customer acceptance improved in this way.

For the solution of this problem, the invention presents the characteristics of claim 1.

The particular advantage of the invention is that, in this case, the combustion granulate is degassed in a separate manner over time in a first phase of thermal use and that in a next second phase of thermal use, granular intermediate materials are burned , which have been generated in the first phase of thermal use. The separation in time of degassing and combustion allows a temporary extension of the combustion process as a whole. As a consequence, the duration of combustion can be significantly prolonged in the case of a given amount of combustion granulate. Since the combustion granulate is distributed in addition to it during the entire thermal use in the storage chamber and does not leave the storage chamber, the construction is also simplified. In addition, the risk of deflagrations or the like is advantageously reduced, since combustion granules and non-inflamed combustion gases occur below the flame.

Since particularly modern buildings or energy-efficient buildings today offer reduced heating performance, the maximum heating performance of a heating device continuously loses importance as a quality feature. Rather, it is required that a heating performance as uniform and durable as possible adapted to the energy demand of the house can be made available. This is achieved with the present operating procedure for combustion granulate heating devices.

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First, the storage chamber is filled with combustion granules, as well as the inflammation of the combustion granules in a manner known per se. The combustion granulate is particularly inflamed using an auxiliary ignition medium, while the auxiliary ignition medium is added from above to the stored combustion granulate. During this ignition phase, primary air is supplied to the storage chamber through an air channel.

As soon as a stable burning of the combustion granulate has been achieved, the first phase of thermal use can begin. For this, the primary air supply is interrupted or reduced in such a way that a pyrolysis process occurs in the storage chamber. During the pyrolysis, the organic compounds of great molecular weight are transformed into the combustion granulate by exclusion of oxygen or extreme depletion of oxygen and heat action in gases rich in energy and residual substances (granular intermediate material). The energy-rich pyrolysis gas is then accessed through the passage opening from the storage chamber to the flame chamber and is burned there by excess secondary air supply. During the combustion of pyrolysis gases in the flame chamber, flames similar to the image of the flames of classical heating devices are produced on the one hand - as required by the client. The heat released during the burning of pyrolysis gases on the other hand keeps the process of pyrolysis in the storage chamber.

The granular intermediate material obtained in the first phase of thermal use by means of pyrolysis, is then burned in the second phase of thermal use free of residues. To do this, access the storage chamber through excess oxygen primary air, so that the granular intermediate material is burned there. During the burning of intermediate materials in the second phase of thermal use, flames are also formed in the flame chamber. While in the first phase of thermal use, particularly yellow, orange or red flames can be observed in the flame chamber, the flame is drawn in the second phase of thermal use, due to the particularly high excess of oxygen, of blue.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second phase of thermal use is initiated, after at least half of the combustion granulate and preferably more than 80% of the combustion granulate is transformed into the granular intermediate material. Advantageously, the duration of combustion can be significantly prolonged. The first phase of thermal use begins for example, after approximately 10 minutes and then lasts approximately 2 to 2.5 hours. The second phase of thermal use that follows then lasts approximately another 90 minutes. In total, an operating duration of 3.5 to 4 hours can be achieved in this way, while a classic burning of the same amount of pellets occurs in about half the time. As a consequence, it can be achieved over a long period and reducing the thermal peak efficiency, a more uniform heat emission than is usual today in the case of combustion granulation heating devices or heating devices firewood. Due to this, high economics in the operation of the combustion granulate heating device are guaranteed. On the other hand, overheating of the building or rooms in the immediate vicinity of the combustion granulation heating device is avoided.

According to an improvement of the invention, the second phase of thermal use is initiated, in that during pyrolysis, that is, during the decomposition of the combustion granulate to the granular intermediate material, the primary air supply is established again. Advantageously, a continuous thermal elimination process is guaranteed by the timely start of the second phase of thermal use. Switching can occur for example manually by adjusting a sliding regulator or a different closing body for primary air. In this case, a completely non-electric process variant is advantageously possible, which can be handled in an autarkic and permanent manner without auxiliary energy. For example, an electric control can be provided, which detects the advance during the first phase of thermal use, for example, by means of a sensor and that automatically restores upon reaching a predetermined degree of transformation of the combustion granulate into the granular intermediate material, The primary air supply. The operation of the combustion granulate heating device can, in this case, be fully automated without manual interventions for a long period, for example at night.

By supplying the primary air in time during pyrolysis or during degassing of the combustion granulate, unintentional interruption of the thermal use process is avoided. As a consequence of the burning of the gases in the flame chamber and the supply of primary air at the same time, the combustion of the granular intermediate material or residual combustion granules existing in the storage chamber with the new one is automatically initiated. primary air supply.

Both during the first phase of thermal use, and also during the second phase of thermal use, the secondary air supply to the flame chamber can be maintained. It can be provided, for example, that the secondary air is supplied in an automated and continuous manner, and that no possibility is provided for active modification. Therefore, mechanical adjustment possibilities or electrical control or regulation can be waived. For example, an optimum amount of air supply (primary air and / or secondary air) can be determined and adjusted for different phases of thermal use, for example manually by means of a slide. Evidence by the applicant has shown in this case that a modification of the supply air is not usually necessary during the individual elimination phases, and that particularly in the second phase of thermal use, a maximum primary air supply leads to a result particularly good

For carrying out the process according to the invention, in particular, a combustion granulation heating device comprising a housing with an opening and a closing unit assigned to the opening for release and / or closing at will of the invention is used. opening, comprising a combustion space provided in the

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housing, the combustion space being coated at least by sections with at least one temperature stable material, particularly with a refractory brick material and creating in the combustion space a storage chamber for the combustion granulate and a flame chamber , comprising a first air channel for supplying air to the storage chamber, comprising a second air channel for supplying supply air to the flame chamber, and comprising an outlet air channel for eliminating the The combustion gases of the combustion space, the storage chamber for the combustion granulate being placed in the combustion space below the flame chamber. In this sense, the combustion granulate is always kept in the storage chamber. It is particularly avoided, for example, to exit due to the influence of the force of gravity automatically from the storage chamber and access the flame chamber.

Advantageously, it is facilitated by the exclusive and permanent storage of the combustion granulate or possible intermediate materials obtained during the thermal use of the combustion granulate, in the storage chamber, the sequential thermal use according to the process of the invention. The combustion granules provided only in the storage chamber or intermediate materials are degassed as a result either during pyrolysis or burned in the next second phase of thermal use while supplying primary and excess oxygen air. This process of sequential elimination is the origin of the long duration of the thermal use, of a high degree of transformation with usually less than 1% of residual ash after the second phase of thermal use and of the limitation of the maximum heating performance.

The main idea is, therefore, to carry out the degassing of the combustion granulate during the pyrolysis and the thermal use of the combustion granulate or of possible granular intermediate materials, which have been generated during the pyrolysis, in a single chamber . Pyrolysis in the first phase of thermal use and combustion in the second phase of thermal use occur in this case temporarily one after the other or sequentially. It is not particularly necessary that, for the burning of the energy-rich gases generated during pyrolysis, the spatially separated combustion granulate must be burned at the same time. The heat necessary for the maintenance of the process is therefore made available by the burning of the pyrolysis gases rich in energy and not due to the parallel burning of combustion granules.

According to a preferred embodiment, the storage chamber is separated from the flame chamber by a separation body. In the separation body there is provided a passage opening for the passage of energy-rich pyrolysis gases or combustion gases from the storage chamber to the flame chamber. By providing the separation body, it is advantageously avoided, that particularly in the first phase of thermal use of the flame chamber, the secondary air supplied leads to an interruption of the pyrolysis in the storage chamber and to an essentially uncontrolled burning of the combustion granulate or of granular intermediate materials. The passage opening is therefore provided as far as its size is concerned and positioned in such a way in the separation body that prevents an unacceptably high flow of secondary air from the flame chamber to the storage chamber.

According to an improvement, the separation body is constituted as a moon body. As long as the separation body is configured in the form of a moon and particularly has a reduced thickness and as far as possible constant, a sufficient lasting heat passage from the flame chamber to the storage chamber during pyrolysis can be guaranteed. In addition, the moon body may be constituted particularly as a removable or collapsible moon body. The moon body can, for example, be removed or knocked down, when the combustion granulate is introduced into the storage chamber or when the residual ash is to be removed, which remains in the storage chamber after burning.

The separation body can be manufactured, for example, from steel or glass, particularly ceramic glass or Ceran glass. In this sense, heat stability or sufficient heat conduction capacity can be achieved on the one hand. On the other hand, it can be released in particular by providing a glass material separation body, the view of the storage chamber and particularly the combustion granulate found therein.

According to an improvement, primary air accesses the storage chamber through the first supply channel and secondary air through the second supply channel to the flame chamber. Through a closure body maintained so that it can be adjusted, assigned to the first supply channel and / or the second supply channel, the amount of primary or secondary air can be varied. It may be particularly provided that a maximum amount of supply air (primary air and / or secondary air) access the combustion space in a first final adjustment position of the closing body, and that in a second final adjustment position, supply a minimum amount of supply air to the combustion space. Advantageously, the quantity of supply air can be adapted, by means of the adjustable closing body, to the corresponding requirements of the different phases of thermal use. Through an adjustable closure body assigned to the first supply air channel, for example, the amount of primary air can be varied. Because of this, it is possible to make available the necessary primary air in the ignition phase and in the second phase of thermal use and also prevent the supply of primary air in the first phase of thermal use. The closing body is brought to an advantageous adjustment position. The closing body is taken, for example, in the ignition phase and in the second phase of thermal use to the first final adjustment position. During the first phase of thermal use, the closing body can be taken to the second final adjustment position. In this sense, it can be provided that in the second final adjustment position, supply air is not accessible to the storage chamber through the first supply air channel. According to an improvement, it can be provided that a plurality of chambers are included in the combustion space

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Storage for combustion granules. Each storage chamber is located respectively next to the flame chamber and separated from it through a separation body with a passage opening. By providing a plurality of storage chambers, the operation procedure according to the invention with the first phase of thermal use and the next second phase of thermal use can be advantageously carried out repeatedly. In this sense, in the case of a combustion granulation heating device with two storage chambers, the combustion granulate can first be introduced into the two storage chambers and the combustion granulate found in a first storage chamber can be ignited by an auxiliary ignition medium. As soon as the combustion granulate burns in a stable manner in one of the chambers, the primary air supply is interrupted, so that the pyrolysis begins and the energy-rich pyrolysis gases in the flame chamber are burned. Following the first phase of thermal use, the primary air supply is restored again and the second phase of thermal use for the granular intermediate materials in the corresponding storage chamber is started. As a result of the burning of pyrolysis gases in the flame chamber or the combustion of granular intermediate materials, a high measure of heat is generated, which heats the combustion granulate stored in the other chamber during the elimination process. of storage and finally ignites automatically. Due to the inflammation, the thermal use also begins here, taking place depending on the primary air supplied and taking into account the corresponding state of the process, the thermal transformation of the combustion granulate stored in the other storage chamber, in the first storage chamber. In general, due to this, the duration of the process can continue to be increased in total and the degree of action improved.

In addition, a storage insert of the heating device can be provided with a storage chamber for a combustion granulate configured inside it, the storage chamber being delimited by a plurality of walls, a wall being constituted as a side of base, with a plurality of supply openings for supply air, and having an upper side opposite the base side a passage opening for the passage of gases, and with a supply air channel configured at least by sections, for the supplying air to the supply openings on the base side of the storage chamber, the outer dimensions of the storage insert of the heating device being adapted in such a way to a size of a lockable opening that is arranged in a housing of the device heating, and the storage insert of the heating device can be inserted through It is from the opening in a chimney combustion space. When the storage insert is subsequently introduced into a heating device, an existing heating device, of conventional operation and with firewood, can continue to develop until a combustion granulate heating device according to the invention is produced. The client is freed, in this way, from making high investments and can decide at the same time permanently if he wants to use the heating device conventionally without insert or with storage insert for thermal combustion granulation burning. In this case, the availability of the different combustible materials and the costs of the combustible materials can be particularly taken into account here. In the context of the invention, a chimney, a storage chimney, an open chimney, a heating chimney, a general type stove, an individual home or a water heating installation should be understood as a heating device. hot. The invention shown below for a chimney, as well as the operating procedure according to the invention, can be made and implemented in this sense for the storage chimney as well as in fireplaces or heating fireplaces, general type stoves or in individual homes central or installed in living spaces and in hot water heating installations.

Additional advantages, features and details of the invention result from the other secondary claims and the following description. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description may be essential for the invention respectively individually for themselves or in any combination. The characteristics and details of the combustion granulate heating device and the storage device of the heating device, which are described according to the invention, are of course also valid in relation to the operating procedure according to the invention and vice versa. In this way reference can be made to the dissemination of the different aspects of the invention always in a correlative manner. The drawings serve only as examples for clarification of the invention and have no limiting character.

They show:

a first example of the realization of a combustion granulation heating device with a storage chamber for the combustion granulate, the heating device being constituted by way of example according to the type of a chimney,

a heating device storage insert, as used in the combustion granulate heating device according to the invention according to figure 1, a second embodiment of the storage device of the heating device, a third embodiment of the insert of storage of the heating device, a fourth embodiment of the storage insert of the heating device, a second example of embodiment of a heating device,

a first example of the realization of a separation body in the form of a moon for the storage chamber,

Figure 8 a second example of embodiment of the moon-shaped separation body for the camera of

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7

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 The

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 figure 16

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 figure 19

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 figure 20

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 figure 21

 from

 the storage camera for the device

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 from

 the storage camera for the device

 from

storage,

a third example of realization of the moon-shaped separation body for the storage chamber,

a fourth example of realization of the moon-shaped separation body for the storage chamber,

a third embodiment of a combustion granulate heating device with two storage chambers for the combustion granulate,

a schematic plan view of a storage insert with three chambers of

storage,

a schematic plan view of a storage insert with four storage chambers,

another schematic plan view of a storage insert with three chambers of

storage,

a fourth embodiment of a heating device,

an example of an alternative embodiment of a storage chamber for the heating device according to figure 15,

a third embodiment of the storage chamber for the heating device according to figure 15,

a fourth example of realization of

heating according to figure 15, a fifth embodiment

heating according to figure 15,

a vertical section through a fifth embodiment of a heating device; and a horizontal section through the heating device of Figure 20 according to section C-C. A first example of embodiment of a heating device is shown in Figure 1. The heating device is constituted by way of example according to the type of a chimney. The chimney comprises as essential components a housing 1 with an opening 2, which can be opened or closed by a closing unit 3 assigned to the opening 2. The closing unit 3 comprises a preferably transparent moon element 4, through the which can be seen a combustion space 5 of the chimney provided behind the moon element 4 and surrounded by the housing 1. The combustion space 5 is covered with a chamotte base 6, a rear chamotte wall 7, a wall chamotte side 8 and chamotte roof 9.

In the combustion space 5 a storage chamber 10 is configured for the combustion granulate 11, as well as a flame chamber 12. The storage chamber 10 is below the flame chamber 12. It is in contact at least by sections with the chamotte base 6, the rear chamotte wall 7, and the chamotte side walls 8, and is separated by a moon-shaped separating element from the flame chamber 12. The moon body 13 has an opening step 14 for the conduction of gases from the storage chamber 10 to the flame chamber 12. The moon body 13 can be removed for filling the storage chamber 10 with the combustion granulate 11. Alternatively, it can be provided that The moon body 13 has a foldable or collapsible configuration and can be folded or folded for filling the storage chamber 10 with the combustion granulate 11.

A base side 15 opposite the moon body 13 and constituting a base of the storage chamber 10, is configured as a perforated sheet. The base side 15 has, in this sense, a plurality of supply openings 16, through which fresh air (primary air 25) can be accessed through the storage chamber 10. For the supply of fresh air to the storage chamber 10, in the area on the rear side of the housing 1, opposite the opening 2 or the closing unit 3, a fresh air channel 17 for the rear ventilation of the combustion space 5. On the rear wall Chamotte 7 shows a recess 18, which connects a first supply air channel 19 that borders the storage chamber 10, with the fresh air channel 17. The first supply air channel 19 extends along a rear wall 20 of the storage chamber 10 and the base side 15, being limited by the rear wall 20 of the storage chamber 10, by the rear chamotte wall 7 of the chimney, by the base side 15 of the storage camera or 10, by the chamotte base 6, as well as by side walls 21 of the storage chamber 10 not shown separately in the side view.

A front part of the storage chamber 10 directed towards the moon element 4 is made up of at least flat sections. In the present embodiment, the moon body 13 and an anterior side 22 defining the front part of the storage chamber 10 are constituted from a flat and smooth glass material. In this sense, the storage chamber 10 with the combustion granulate 11 found therein can be seen on one side through the moon element 4 of the door 3 and the moon body 13 or the previous side 22 at least partially transparent

The flame chamber 12 is located in the combustion space 5 above the storage chamber 10. In the area of the chamotte roof 9 there is an opening 23 arranged in the flame chamber 12, which serves to supply gases that they are in the flame chamber 12 to other functional elements of the chimney, for example, to a heat accumulator 37, or to a smoke outlet, for example, to an air outlet channel 38. In addition, there is a second air supply channel 24 assigned to the flame chamber 12. Through the second air supply channel 24 fresh air (secondary air 26) can access the flame chamber 12. The second air supply channel

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air supply 24 is oriented in such a way that the supply air is supplied from above and enters along the moon element 4 in the flame chamber 12. As long as the supply air flows along the element of moon 4, can face a hollfn deposition in said element of moon 4.

The chimney according to figure 1 works as follows. Firstly, the storage chamber 10 is filled with the combustion granulate 11 as a preparation. Next, the combustion granulate 11 is ignited. To this end, a medium is placed through the passage opening 14 in the moon body 13 auxiliary ignition, for example, a chimney lighter on the combustion granulate 11 and ignites. During the burn phase the so-called primary air 25 accesses through the fresh air channel 17, the recess 18, the first supply air channel 19, as well as the supply openings 16 that are arranged on the base side 17, to the storage chamber 10. As a result of the combustion granulate 11 inflammation, combustion gases are generated, which are burned in the flame chamber 12 by the supply of secondary air 26 that penetrates through the second supply channel 24 and they produce a flame 27. The combustion gases that are generated escape from the flame chamber 12 through the opening 23.

As soon as the combustion granulate 11 has ignited and burns reliably, the first supply air channel 19 is closed by a closure body not shown and the primary air supply 25 to the storage chamber 10 or is interrupted. It is extremely reduced. Then the so-called pyrolysis or degassing of the organic combustion granulate 11 is produced in the storage chamber 10 by exclusion of oxygen or extreme oxygen poverty. During the pyrolysis, an energy-rich pyrolysis gas is released, which passes from the storage chamber 10 to the flame chamber 12 through the passage opening 14 and is mixed there with the incoming secondary air 26 and burns. During burning, flame 27 - depending on the proportion of oxygen - has a red, yellow or orange color.

In the storage chamber 10, a granular intermediate material is produced during pyrolysis. The granular intermediate material is normally black on the outside and also has at least approximately the original form of the combustion granulate 11.

Following the pyrolysis, which produces a first phase of thermal use, the primary air supply 25 to the storage chamber 10 is restored in a second phase of thermal use. As a consequence of the air supply, the granular intermediate material is burned in the storage chamber 10. Due to the excess of oxygen, a flame that burns essentially blue is formed in the flame chamber 12.

Depending on the amount of combustion granulate 11, the duration of the first phase of thermal use and the second phase of thermal use varies. When approximately 10 liters of combustion granulate 11 are used, the first phase of thermal use of the pyrolysis is extended approximately 2 to 2.5 hours and the burning of the second phase of thermal use approximately 90 minutes.

The storage chamber 10 according to Figure 1 is part of a storage insert 30, as shown in Figure 2. The storage insert 30 serves particularly as a set of rear equipment for conventional fireplaces, which are configured for the burning of Lena or the like and having a correspondingly large, undivided combustion space 5. The geometry and particularly the outer dimensions of the storage insert 30 are chosen in such a way that the storage insert 30 can be introduced through the opening 2 normally located in the housing 1, the closing unit 3 being open. The storage insert 30 has the storage chamber 10 delimited by the moon body 13, the base side 15 opposite the moon body 13, the front side 12, the rear wall 20 and the side walls 21. The storage insert 30 also comprises the first supply air channel 19, while the supply air channel 19 after placing the storage insert 30 in the combustion space 5, is delimited and configured by the rear chamotte wall 7 and the chamotte base 6 as additional coating sides. In this case, the first supply air channel 19 is configured in this direction in the subsequent step and not closed down, while in the direction of an anterior side directed towards the front of the storage insert 30, it is delimited in the area of the two side walls 21 and upwards through the walls of the storage insert 30. The feed openings 16 on the base side 15 are sized so that the combustion granulate 11 is safely held in the chamber of storage 10 and cannot access through the supply openings 16 to the first air supply channel 19 or to the chamotte base 6.

Depending on the specific construction and configuration of the chimney provided for the storage insert 30, the primary air 25 of the storage chamber 10 can be supplied in different ways. The primary air 25 can be supplied, for example, instead of through the fresh air channel 17, directly from below. In this sense, the storage insert 30 -as shown in Figure 3- can obtain a modified geometry in which the configuration of the rear section of the supply air channel 19 is renounced and in which the air is supplied Primary 25 directly from below. In addition, it can be provided that the chimney casing 1 has a rear opening and that the primary air 25 enters the storage insert 30 from behind. In this case, the storage insert 30 according to FIG. 2 can be used. Alternatively, the primary air 25 can reach the storage insert 30 laterally. In this sense, the first supply air channel 19 can extend along a wall side 21 and the base side 15 of the storage insert 30, see Figure 4.

A fourth example of embodiment of the storage insert 30 according to Figure 5, comprises a base side 15 structured in a closed manner. The supply air openings 16 for the primary air 25 are arranged next to the base side 15 on the rear wall 20 and on the opposite side walls 21 of the storage chamber 10. Due to the modified configuration of the storage insert 30, with base side 15 with configuration

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closed, it is particularly avoided that ash or other combustion residues leave when the storage insert 30 is removed from the combustion space 5 and that soils the environment of the chimney. The primary air 25 can also be supplied to the combustion granulate 11 in the area of the base side 15 and a burn of the uniform combustion granulate 11 and with a high energetic degree can be guaranteed.

The same components and functions of the components are indicated by the same references.

Figure 6 shows a second example of realization of a chimney. According to the second example of the chimney, instead of a storage insert 30, a storage chamber 10 is fixedly mounted in the chimney casing 1 below the flame chamber 12 in the combustion space 5 Below the storage chamber 10 is an ash container 35, in which the combustion remains produced are collected. The remains, after the combustion of the granular intermediate material, are so small that they fall through the supply openings 16 to the base side 15 of the storage chamber 10. The ash container 35 can be removed through a second opening of the housing 36.

Above the combustion space 5 is a heat accumulator 37 structured like a stone. The heat accumulator 37 serves to remove additional heat from the outlet air leaving the opening 23 in the direction of the air outlet channel 38 and to store it. The heat stored in the heat accumulator 37 is delivered to the environment through the housing 1, particularly after the second phase of thermal use has ended. In this sense, the efficiency of the chimney can continue to be improved by providing the heat accumulator 37 and extending the use time. The heat emission by the heat accumulator 37 can be prolonged for several hours.

During operation, the primary air 25 flows through the rear fresh air channel 17 and the first supply air channel 19, from the base side 15, through the supply openings 16 to the storage chamber 10. The secondary air 26 accesses through the air inlet opening 39, which is located above the closing unit 3 in the housing 1, to the flame chamber 12. The second supply air channel 24 is located in this sense, through the anterior area of the housing 1. The separating body 13, also formed in the form of a moon, between the storage chamber 10 and the flame body 12, in this case has two passage openings 14. Through from both passage openings 14 the gases can be accessed from the storage chamber 10 to the flame chamber 12. In this sense a modified individual flame image results, both in the first phase of thermal use, as well as in the second.

Numerous tests by the applicant have shown that an inclined position of the moon body 13, which rises in the direction of the passage opening 14, enables a particularly advantageous thermal use. An angle of attack 40 is particularly less than 30 °. The angle of attack is particularly advantageously between 2 ° and 20 ° and particularly preferred in the range between 8 ° +/- 5 ° with respect to the horizontal. As a result, the secondary air 26 in the direction of the passage opening 14 is deflected on the one hand and is heated in the area of the moon body 13. On the other hand, a good mixture of secondary air 26 and the gases entering from the storage chamber 10 to the flame chamber 12. Furthermore, it is avoided that, particularly during the first phase of thermal use, secondary air 26 is disturbing in the storage chamber 10, facing the secondary air inlet 26 in the storage chamber 10.

The passage opening 14 located in the moon body 13 can have any position. It is not required that the passage opening 14 is located next to the side walls (rear chamotte wall 7, chamotte side wall 8).

According to a variant, the moon body 13 can be made up of several pieces. The moon geometry of a piece according to Figures 1 to 6 is in this sense providing an example.

Figures 7 to 10 show different embodiments of the separation body 10 and the passage opening 14. According to Figure 7, the moon body 13 is constituted as a quadrangular moon body 13 and the passage opening 14 as a passage opening 14 linearly, which extends over the entire width of the moon body 13.

Figure 8 shows that, for example, two passage openings 14, which have an oval shape, can be provided. The passage openings 14 can basically have any geometry and can be configured, for example, as a sun. It is also conceivable to give passage openings 14 a flame shape.

According to Figure 9, it is provided that the passage opening 14 is located in an upper area, directed in the state mounted towards the rear chamotte wall 7, of the separation body 13. The passage opening 14 is then located directly next to the rear chamotte wall 7. The secondary air 26 floods in this direction, before mixing in the area of the passage opening 14 with the passing gases, the full moon body 13 and is preheated with the corresponding intensity.

Figure 10 clarifies that the inventive idea can be realized independently of the geometry of the chimney not only in case of essentially square cross-section, but - as shown here - also in case of a circular cross-section of the chimney. The moon body 13 therefore has a circular shape, the opening of the sickle-shaped passage being configured in an upper edge area of the moon body 13.

Of course, other forms of cross-section of different, essentially rectangular or round chimneys can also be configured. The chimney can be structured, for example, with an oval or triangular cross section. - A third embodiment according to Figure 11 presents a storage insert 30, which is located in the combustion space 5 and is fed through a rear fresh air channel 17 and the first supply air channel 19 from the base side 15 with primary air 25. In the storage insert 30 two storage chambers 45, 46 are now provided. The storage chambers 45, 46 are separated from each other through an insulated intermediate wall 47 thermally and are configured respectively for the housing of the

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Combustion granulate 11. The first largest storage chamber 45 is assigned a first moon body 48 as a separation body, a passage opening 49 appearing to the flame chamber 12 near the rear chamotte wall 7 of the chimney. The moon body 48 is structured as a removable moon body, which is removed for the filling of the first storage chamber 45 with combustion granules 11 and placed during operation. A second smaller storage chamber 46 is located in front of the first storage chamber 45 and next to the moon element 4. A second separation body 50 that is located between the storage chamber 46 and the flame chamber 12 is also structured in the form of a moon and is held in a folding way. A corresponding housing of the second moon body 50 is located in the area of the intermediate wall 47. For the filling of the second storage chamber 46 with the combustion granulate 11, the second moon body 50 can be folded or folded in the direction of the first moon body 48. A second passage opening 50 that joins the second storage chamber 46 with the flame chamber 12 is located near the moon element 4.

During the operation of the chimney, the combustion granulate 11 in the first storage chamber 45 is first ignited by means of an auxiliary ignition medium under maximum primary air supply. After burning, the supply of primary air 25 is prevented, as already mentioned, so that in the first phase of thermal use, pyrolysis occurs in the first storage chamber 45 and the burning of pyrolysis gases rich in energy in the flame chamber 12. Next, the granular intermediate material, which has been constituted as a product of the pyrolysis in the first storage chamber 45, is burned under maximum primary air supply, in the second phase of thermal use. As a consequence of the heat that is generated during pyrolysis or the burning of the granular intermediate material, a self-ignition of the combustion granulate 11 occurs in the second storage chamber 46, in the area of the second passage opening 51. The In this case, the moment of self-ignition can be varied particularly in a constructive manner by means of the size and position of the second passage opening 51, the degree of thermal insulation of the two storage chambers 45, 46 in the area of the intermediate wall 47, as well as the amount of primary air 25 that is supplied to the second storage chamber 46 through the supply opening 16 which is located on the base side 15.

In general, it is achieved by providing two storage chambers 45, 46, temporarily extending the process of thermal use of combustion granules 11 and limiting at the same time the maximum thermal efficiency. In this sense, heat is emitted to the environment for a longer period.

Figures 12 to 14 show other basic possibilities for the realization of a fireplace with several storage chambers. It can be provided, for example, according to Figure 12, to comprise three storage chambers 52, 53, 54 in a chimney with essentially quadrangular cross-section. As explained, by means of constructive measures, particularly through the configuration of the separation body and the size and position of the passage openings, the combustion granulation 11 stored in the storage chambers can be varied or influenced at the time of inflammation. 52, 53, 54. Similarly, according to Figure 13, a solution with four storage chambers 52, 53, 54, 55 can be configured. Figure 14 finally shows, how three storage chambers 52, 53, 54 can be arranged in one chimney of circular cross section.

Figure 15 shows a fourth example of realization of a chimney. In this case, the storage chamber 10 for the combustion granulate 11, located in the combustion space 5 is configured according to the type of an extension means. In this sense, the combustion chamber 10 can be removed, particularly for filling it with combustion granules 11 or for cleaning the combustion chamber 10, of the housing 1. The combustion chamber 10 is fixed for this by Telescopic rails 58 to the housing 1. The moon body 13 can be structured, for example, removably or held down like a folding moon body 13 to facilitate filling or cleaning of the storage chamber 10.

Figures 16 and 17 show two alternative embodiments of the storage chamber 10, which is structured as a storage insert 30. The moon bodies 13 are arranged correspondingly inclined with respect to the horizontal. The passage opening 14, through which the gases from the storage chamber 10 access the flame chamber 12, is located in this case in such a way that the gases are guided along the moon body 13 in the direction of the passage opening 14. The passage opening 14 is, in this case, respectively at an upper point of the storage chamber 10. The moon body 13 has a double function. It serves on the one hand for the separation of the storage chamber 10 from the flame chamber 12. On the other hand, the moon body 13 conducts the gases in the direction of the passage opening 14.

According to Figures 18 and 19, the storage insert 30 comprises two storage chambers 45, 46. The two storage chambers 45, 46 are separated from each other by a thermally insulated intermediate wall 47. Each storage chamber 45, 46 is assigned a moon body 48, 50 with a passage opening 49, 51. The passage opening 49, 51 is correspondingly located at an upper point of the storage chambers 45, 46. The moon bodies 48, 50 serve in this sense for the separation of the storage chambers 45, 46 from the flame chamber 12. The moon bodies 48, 50 serve in this case also on the other hand, for guiding the gases stored in the storage chamber in the direction of the passage openings 49, 51. The moon body 50 of the smaller front storage chamber 46 can be folded in this case for filling the storage chamber 46. In addition to in this way, the size of a passage opening 51 can be modified, in that the moon body 50 has a two-part configuration and the two parts 50.1, 50.2 of the moon body 50 can move relative to each other in the direction of the extension plane 28 of Moon body 50. The position of the lid 50 and the size of the passage opening 14 can particularly influence the

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time of the autoignition of the combustion granulate 11 that occurs in the second storage chamber 46 assigned. In this case the autoignition of the combustion granulate 11 occurs as a result of the high temperatures in the flame chamber 12 in the area of the passage opening 14, that is, the combustion granulate 11 is inflamed from above.

Regardless of the exemplary embodiments shown with more than one storage chamber 10, 45, 46, the location or position of the passage opening 13, 49, 51 can be freely determined. The moon body 13, 48, 50 can have a configuration of one piece or several pieces. It is also advantageous in this case to provide the moon body 13, 48, 50 at least slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal and raise it in the direction of the passage opening 13, 49, 51.

A fifth example of embodiment of the chimney according to figures 20 and 21 shows an integrated storage chamber 10. The storage chamber 10 does not have separate side walls. The combustion space 5 is separated in this sense only by the moon body 13 with the passage opening 14 in the storage chamber 10 on one side and in the flame chamber 12 on the other. Primary air 25 accesses through the first supply air channel 19 and a plurality of recesses 18 that appear on the wall 59 of the combustion space 5 to two primary air duct channels 60 configured by U-shaped profiles. primary air ducting channels 60 are located in the storage chamber 10 on opposite sides next to the wall 59 of the combustion space 30. The primary air 25 that accesses through the recesses 25 emerges through two cavities 61 of the conduit channels 60. The cavities 61 are located in this case next to a base 62 of the combustion space 5. In this sense the primary air 25 is supplied to the combustion granulate 11 as mentioned, from below, through the perforated base 15 that is separated from base 62 of combustion space 5.

Between the perforated base 15 of the storage chamber 10 and the base 62 of the combustion space 5 an ash container 35 not shown in this case can optionally be placed. The combustion remains are then accessed particularly through the supply openings 16 of the perforated base 16 from the storage chamber 10 to the ash container 35.

The moon body 13 which is located between the storage chamber 10 and the flame chamber 12 is arranged at an angle to the horizontal and configured so that it rises in the direction of the passage opening. It rests on the combustion space 15 on a front side of the two primary air ducting channels. The moon body 13 can be configured, for example, as a glass body and loosely placed on the conduit channels 16. The moon body 13 can be fixed, for example, by means of fixing not shown to the conduit channels 60 or to wall 59 of the combustion space 5.

The integrated configuration of the combustion chamber 10 allows a very compact and particularly simple embodiment in its construction. A storage camera 10 with closed body configuration is waived. The side wall 59 and the base 62 of the combustion space 5 serve in addition to this, as walls for the storage chamber 10.

Optionally, the perforated base 15 can be ignored. The primary air 25 then accesses through the recesses 61 laterally to the storage chamber. Naturally, more than two channels of primary air duct 60 can be provided with a correspondingly large amount of recesses 61.

The embodiments described by means of the embodiment of the chimney can be varied, for example, in that a circular or cylindrical opening 2 is provided with a correspondingly shaped closure element 3. Instead of the perforated base represented in the different embodiments, there may be, for example, a trellis, an expanded metal or a vibrating grill adapted to the size of the combustion granulate 11. The fixed position of the perforated sheet is, in this sense, only one copy. The combustion space 5 of the chimney is only covered by example with refractory bricks. Refractory bricks can be ignored. The walls of the combustion space 5 may be made in this sense of any other suitable temperature-stable and fire-resistant material. The heat accumulator 37 is presented by way of example above the flame chamber 12. It may be provided that a suitable heat accumulator or a heat exchanger, for example, a hot water circuit, can be incorporated additionally or in a manner individual in the combustion space 5 or in the flame chamber 12.

The examples of embodiment are represented as an example of a chimney only by way of example. Basically, any other form of heating device may be provided for carrying out the process according to the invention. In particular, storage fireplaces, chimneys in general, heating chimneys, stoves, as well as individual homes or hot water heating installations can be configured.

Claims (6)

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S 1. Operating procedure for a combustion granulate heating device, with at least one storage chamber for the combustion granulate (11) and with a flame chamber 5 adjacent to the storage chamber, which comprises the following steps of the procedure: - preparation phase: the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) is filled with the combustion granulate (11); - ignition phase: the combustion granulate (11) stored when added under primary air supply (25) to the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) is ignited by a medium 10 auxiliary ignition for the combustion granulate (11) to the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55); characterized by: - a first phase of thermal use: after the ignition of the combustion granulate (11) by means of the auxiliary ignition means the primary air supply is interrupted, 15 transforming, as a consequence of the process heat, the combustion granulate (11) with release of gases in a granular intermediate material and accessing the gases released through a passage opening (14, 49, 51), which joins the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) with the flame chamber (12), and burning therefrom under the secondary air supply (26); Y - a second phase of thermal use: after the transformation of combustion granules (11) into 20 the granular intermediate material, the granular intermediate material is burned under the air supply primary (25) in the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55). 2. Operating procedure according to claim 1, characterized in that the second phase of thermal use begins after at least half of the granulate has been transformed. 25 combustion (11) and preferably more than 80% of the combustion granulate (11) in the intermediate material granular. 3. Operating procedure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second phase of thermal use is initiated upon restoration or augmentation during the transformation of the granulate of 30 combustion (11) in the granular intermediate material the primary air supply (25). 4. Method of operation according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the auxiliary ignition means is added to the combustion granulate (11) through the passage opening (14, 49, 51) contained between the chamber of storage (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) and the flame chamber (12). 35 5. Operational method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that during the first phase of thermal use a burning of the gases released in the flame chamber (12) forms yellow and / or orange flames (27) and / or red and / or because in the second phase of thermal use they are formed in the flame chamber (12) flames (27) of blue color. 40 6. Operating procedure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the second phase of thermal use the secondary air (26) is supplied to the flame chamber (12).