EP2949992A1 - Heating device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a powered without auxiliary energy fuel granule heater comprising a housing (1) having an opening (2) and one of the opening (2) associated with closing unit (3) for selectively releasing and / or closing the opening (2), comprising a in the housing (1) provided combustion chamber (5), wherein the combustion chamber (5) at least partially lined with a temperature-stable material, in particular with a fireclay material, and wherein in the combustion chamber (5) a storage chamber (10, 45, 46 , 52, 53, 54, 55) for a fuel granule (11) and a flame chamber (12) are provided, comprising a first supply air duct (19) for supplying air into the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54 , 55), comprising a second supply air duct (24) for supplying supply air to the flame chamber (12), and comprising an exhaust duct (38) for discharging combustion gases from the combustion chamber (5), wherein the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 5 5) is provided for the fuel granules (11) in the combustion chamber (5) below the flame chamber (12).

Description

The invention relates to an auxiliary energy-free operated fuel granulate heater comprising a housing having an opening and a closing unit associated with the opening for selectively releasing and / or closing the opening, comprising a combustion chamber provided in the housing, wherein the combustion chamber at least partially with a temperature-stable Material, in particular with a firebrick material is lined and wherein in the combustion chamber, a storage chamber for the fuel granules and a flame chamber are provided, comprising a first supply air duct for supplying air into the storage chamber, comprising a second supply air duct for supplying supply air to the flame chamber, and comprising an exhaust duct for exhausting combustion gases from the combustion chamber.

Increasingly trained in the manner of a stove heaters are used for heating of housing. While in particular firewood has been burned in the heaters for many years, heaters are now becoming increasingly widespread, in which a fuel granules, such as wood pellets or other compressed in granular form biofuels, in particular foliage pellets, straw pellets, corn pellets or the like, are thermally utilized. While the fuel granules offers a variety of advantages and, for example, can be kept clean and easily dosed in volume, a major problem with such fuel granular heaters is that due to the granularity of the fuel typical for heaters in the combustion of firewood and expected by the customer flame image with few big flames are not easily formed. Rather, a large number of small flames forms. This flame image is considered by potential customers as not equal or not typical and partly not accepted. In this respect, the manufacturer endeavors to approximate the flame pattern of a fuel pellet heater to the customer familiar flame image, which is formed during the combustion of firewood.

From the EP 2 085 694 A2 is a firewood heater with an electronic control known. The heater has a combustion chamber, which serves to receive the firewood and the combustion of the same and the formation of flames. The stove provides individually controllable valves to control the primary air and secondary air supply. A multi-stage combustion process with an interruption of the primary air supply in a first thermal utilization phase is not disclosed.

From the EP 2 500 650 A2 a heater is known, which optionally with a first fuel, such as firewood, and a second fuel, in particular via a screw conveyor in a pellet burner trough supplied fuel granules, is operated. The supply of the fuel granules takes place as required via a screw conveyor, which is operated with auxiliary electrical energy.

From the EP 2 500 658 A2 is a heater known which is operated with fuel pellets. It has a combustion bowl for the fuel granules. The combustion bowl is filled during operation of the heater by wood pellets are supplied as required by a screw conveyor. The storage of the wood pellets takes place outside of the burner in a storage chamber.

An auxiliary energy-free operated fuel pellet stove with adapted flame pattern is for example from the EP 1 826 483 A2 known. The fuel pellet stove described there comprises a storage chamber for the fuel granules in a combustion chamber. Furthermore, the combustion chamber defines a flame chamber. Initially, individual pellets flow from the storage chamber due to gravity to a fire grate. There, the pellets can be ignited by means of a Anbrandhilfsmittels. In the course of combustion, pellets flow from the storage chamber to the grate as pellets are burned and fire residues escape into a collecting container through openings provided in the bottom of the grate. As a result of burning off of the pellets, heat develops in the combustion chamber. This heat heats the stored pellets in the storage chamber. As a result of the heating of the pellets, gas escapes from the pellets. The released gas passes through passage openings, which are provided in a wall of the storage chamber, in the flame chamber and is burned there due to the even greater heat. During the burning of the guided from the storage chamber into the flame chamber gases flames are formed, which resemble in size and appearance of the flame image of a wood-burning stove.

Object of the present invention is to develop a fuel granulate heater such that the thermal efficiency is improved and the burning time are extended. Here, a flame image of conventional heaters similar flame image is provided and thus the acceptance of the customer can be improved.

• Vorbereitungsphase: die Bevorratungskammer wird mit dem Brenngranulat befüllt;
• Anbrandphase: das bevorratete Brenngranulat wird entzündet, indem unter Zufuhr von Primärluft in die Bevorratungskammer ein Anbrandhilfsmittel für das Brenngranulat in die Bevorratungskammer gegeben wird;
• erste thermische Verwertungsphase: nach dem Entzünden des Brenngranulats mittels des Anbrandhilfsmittels wird die Primärluft-Zufuhr unterbrochen oder derart reduziert, dass infolge von Prozesswärme das Brenngranulat unter Freisetzung von Gasen in einen granularen Zwischenstoff umgesetzt wird und die freigesetzten Gase über eine die Bevorratungskammer mit der Flammenkammer verbindende Durchlassöffnung in die Flammenkammer gelangen und dort unter Zugabe von Sekundärluft verbrennen;
• zweite thermische Verwertungsphase: nach der Umwandlung von Brenngranulat in den granularen Zwischenstoff wird der granuläre Zwischenstoff unter Zugabe von Primärluft in der Bevorratungskammer verbrannt.

An operating method for a generic fuel granule heater with at least one storage chamber for the fuel granules and with a flame chamber adjacent to the storage chamber comprises in particular the following method steps:

• Preparation phase: the storage chamber is filled with the fuel granules;
• Firing phase: the stored fuel granules are ignited by adding a firing aid for the fuel granules into the storage chamber while supplying primary air into the storage chamber;
• first thermal utilization phase: after ignition of the fuel granules by means of the Anbrandhilfsmittels the primary air supply is interrupted or reduced such that due to process heat, the fuel granules is reacted with the release of gases in a granular precursor and the released gases pass through a storage chamber connecting the storage chamber with the flame chamber in the flame chamber and burn there with the addition of secondary air;
• second thermal utilization phase: after the conversion of fuel granules into the granular intermediate substance, the granular intermediate substance is burned with the addition of primary air in the storage chamber.

The particular advantage of the method is that, in the present case, the combustion granules are degassed in a temporally separate manner in a first thermal utilization phase and that in a subsequent second thermal utilization phase, granular intermediate substances which have arisen in the first thermal utilization phase are incinerated. The temporal separation of degassing and combustion allows a temporal extension of the entire combustion process. As a result, the burning time can be significantly increased for a given amount of fuel granules. In addition, since the fuel granules distributed throughout the thermal utilization in the storage chamber and in particular does not flow out of the storage chamber, simplifies the construction at the same time. In addition, advantageously reduced the risk of deflagration or the like, since the fuel granules and the non-ignited fuel gases are provided below the flame.

Since, in particular, modern buildings or energetically refurbished buildings today come up with a reduced heating power, the maximum heating capacity of a heating appliance as a quality feature continuously loses significance. Rather, it is required that a matched to the energy requirements of the house heating power can be provided as evenly as possible and long-lasting. This is achieved with the present operating method for granulated fuel heaters.

First, the filling of the storage chamber with fuel granules and the ignition of the fuel pellets in a known per se. In particular, the fuel granules are ignited with the aid of a Anbrandhilfsmittels by the Anbrandhilfsmittel from the top of the stored fuel granules is given. During this Anbrandphase primary air is supplied via a supply air duct into the storage chamber.

As soon as a stable combustion of the fuel granules has formed, the first thermal utilization phase can begin. For this purpose, the primary air supply is interrupted or reduced such that a pyrolysis process begins in the storage chamber. In pyrolysis, high molecular weight organic compounds in the fuel pellets are converted into high-energy gases and residual substances (granular precursor) under the exclusion of oxygen or extreme oxygen depletion and heat. The high-energy pyrolysis gas then passes through the passage opening of the storage chamber into the flame chamber and is burned there with excess supply of secondary air. During the combustion of the pyrolysis gases in the flame chamber, on the one hand - as required by the customer - the flame pattern of conventional heating appliances emits similar flames. The heat released during combustion of the pyrolysis gases, on the other hand, maintains the process of pyrolysis in the storage chamber.

The granular precursor obtained in the first thermal recovery phase by the pyrolysis is then burned with low residue in the second thermal recovery phase. For this purpose, excess oxygen reaches the storage chamber via the primary air, so that the granular precursor burns off there. Even during the combustion of the intermediate substances in the second thermal utilization phase, flames form in the flame chamber. While in the first thermal utilization phase in particular yellow, orange or red flames are to be observed in the flame chamber, the flame turns blue in the second thermal utilization phase due to the particularly high oxygen excess.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method, the second thermal utilization phase is initiated after at least half of the fuel granules and preferably more than 80% of the fuel granules are converted into the granular precursor. Advantageously, this can significantly increase the burning time. For example, the first thermal utilization phase begins after about 10 minutes and then takes about 2 to 2.5 hours. The subsequent second thermal utilization phase then extends again over about 90 minutes. Overall, thus, an operating time of 3.5 to 4 hours can be achieved, while a conventional burning of the same amount of pellets occurs in about half the time. As a result, over a long period of time and while reducing peak thermal power, more uniform heat output can be achieved than is currently the case with fuel pellet heaters or log wood heaters. As a result, on the one hand a high efficiency in the operation of the fuel granulate heater is ensured. On the other hand, overheating of the building or of the rooms in the immediate vicinity of the fuel granulate heater is avoided.

According to a development of the method, the second thermal utilization phase is initiated by, during pyrolysis, d. H. during the conversion of the fuel granules into the granular precursor, the primary air supply is restored. Advantageously, the timely initiation of the second thermal utilization phase ensures a continuous thermal utilization process. The switching can be done for example manually by adjusting a slider or other closure body for the primary air. In this case, a completely non-electrical operating variant is advantageously made possible, which can be operated independently and permanently without auxiliary power. For example, an electrical control can be provided, which detects the progress during the first thermal utilization phase, for example by sensors, and automatically restores the primary air supply when a predetermined degree of conversion of the fuel granules into the granular intermediate substance is reached. The operation of the granular fuel heater in this case can be fully automated without manual intervention for a long time, for example overnight.

Due to the timely supply of the primary air during the pyrolysis or degassing of the fuel granules an unintentional interruption of the thermal utilization process is avoided. As a result of the combustion of the gases in the flame chamber and the simultaneous supply of primary air, the combustion of the granular intermediate substance continues or remaining existing fuel granules in the storage chamber with the renewed supply of primary air automatically.

Both during the first thermal utilization phase and during the second thermal utilization phase, the supply of secondary air to the flame chamber can be maintained. For example, it can be provided that the secondary air is supplied automatically and permanently and no possibility for active change is provided. On mechanical adjustment or electrical control or regulation can be waived so far. For example, an optimum supply air quantity (primary air and / or secondary air) can be empirically determined and adjusted for the various thermal utilization phases, for example manually by means of a slide. Experiments on the part of the Applicant have shown that a change in the supply air quantity during the individual utilization phases is usually not necessary and that, especially in the second thermal utilization phase, a maximum supply of primary air leads to a particularly advantageous result.

To achieve the object, the invention in conjunction with the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the storage chamber for the fuel granules is provided in the combustion chamber below the flame chamber. In this respect, the fuel granules remain permanently in the storage chamber. In particular, it is prevented that, for example, it exits automatically from the storage chamber under the influence of gravity and enters the flame chamber.

The exclusive and permanent storage of the fuel granules or any intermediate substances formed during the thermal utilization of the fuel granules in the storage chamber advantageously favors the sequential thermal utilization according to the method of the invention. The only provided in the storage chamber fuel granules or the precursors are therefore either degassed during pyrolysis or they are burned in the subsequent second thermal utilization phase under primary air supply and excess oxygen. This sequential recovery process is the cause of the long duration of the thermal recovery, for a high degree of conversion usually with less than 1% residual ash after the second thermal recovery phase and the limitation of the maximum heat output.

The core idea of the invention is in this respect to carry out the degassing of the fuel pellets during the pyrolysis and the thermal utilization of the fuel granules or any granular intermediates which have arisen during the pyrolysis, in a single, same chamber. The pyrolysis in the first thermal utilization phase and the combustion in the second thermal utilization phase take place here sequentially or in succession. In particular, it is not necessary that at the same time the fuel granules must be burned spatially separated for the combustion of the high-energy gases formed during pyrolysis. The heat required to maintain the process is provided by the combustion of the high-energy pyrolysis gases and not by the parallel combustion of fuel granules.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the storage chamber is separated by a separating body of the flame chamber. At the separating body, a passage opening is provided for passing the high-energy pyrolysis gases or the combustion gases from the storage chamber into the flame chamber. Advantageously, it is prevented by the provision of the separating body, that in particular in the first thermal utilization phase of the flame chamber supplied secondary air leads to an interruption of the pyrolysis in the storage chamber and to a substantially uncontrolled combustion of the fuel granules or granular precursors. The passage opening is dimensioned so far provided and positioned on the separator so that an impermissibly high passage of secondary air from the flame chamber is avoided in the storage chamber.

According to a development of the invention, the separating body is designed as a disk body. By the separator body is disc-shaped and in particular has a low and constant thickness as possible, a sufficient permanent heat transfer from the flame chamber into the storage chamber during pyrolysis can be ensured. In addition, the disk body in particular be designed as a removable or pivotable disk body. For example, the disk body can be removed or pivoted to the side when fuel granules are filled into the storage chamber or residual ash, which remains in the storage chamber after burning, to be removed.

The separating body may be made, for example, of steel or glass, in particular ceramic glass or ceran glass. In this respect, sufficient thermal stability or thermal conductivity can be realized. On the other hand, in particular when providing a separating body made of glass material, the view of the storage chamber and in particular the fuel granules located therein can be released.

According to a development of the invention, primary air passes via the first supply channel into the storage chamber and secondary air via the second supply channel into the flame chamber. The quantity of primary air or secondary air can be varied by means of an adjustably held closing body associated with the first supply channel and / or the second supply channel. In particular, it can be provided that in a first Endverstellposition the closure body reaches a maximum amount of supply air (primary air and / or secondary air) into the combustion chamber and that in a second Endverstellposition a minimum amount of supply air is supplied into the combustion chamber. Advantageously, the supply air amount can be adjusted by the adjustable closure body to the respective requirements of the different thermal utilization phases. For example, the amount of primary air can be varied via an adjustable closure body assigned to the first supply air channel. This makes it possible to provide the required primary air in the firing phase and in the second thermal recovery phase and also to prevent the primary air supply in the first thermal recovery phase. For this purpose, the closure body is brought into an advantageous adjustment position. For example, the closure body is moved in the initial firing phase and in the second thermal utilization phase in the first Endverstellposition. By contrast, during the first thermal utilization phase, the closure body can be brought into the second final adjustment position. In this respect it can be provided that in the second Endverstellposition no supply air passes through the first supply air channel into the storage chamber.

According to a development of the invention it can be provided that a plurality of storage chambers for the fuel granules is provided in the combustion chamber. Each storage chamber is in each case arranged adjacent to the flame chamber and separated from it by a separating body with a passage opening. Advantageously, by providing a plurality of storage chambers, the operating method according to the invention with the first thermal utilization phase and the subsequent second thermal utilization phase can be repeated. In this respect, in the case of a fuel granulator heater with two storage chambers, the fuel granules can first be filled into both chambers and the fuel granules located in a first storage chamber can be ignited by means of a combustion aid. Once the fuel granules burn stable in one chamber, the primary air supply is interrupted, so that the pyrolysis begins and the high-energy pyrolysis burn in the flame chamber. Following the first thermal utilization phase, the primary air supply is restored and the second thermal utilization phase is initiated for the granular precursors provided in the corresponding storage chamber. As a result of the burning off of the pyrolysis gases in the flame chamber or the combustion of the granular precursors, a high level of heat is generated, which in the course of the recycling process heats up the fuel granules stored in the other storage chamber and finally ignites automatically. As a result of the ignition, the thermal utilization also begins here, the thermal conversion of the fuel granules stored in the other storage chamber taking place depending on the supplied primary air and taking into account the respective process status in the first storage chamber. Overall, this can further increase the overall process time and improve the efficiency.

There may further be provided a retrofittable heater storage insert having a storage chamber for fuel granules formed therein, the storage chamber being defined by a plurality of walls, a wall being formed as a base side having a plurality of supply air supply openings, and wherein the base side opposite one Having passage opening for the passage of gases, and with an at least partially formed Zuluftkanal for supplying air to the supply openings at the bottom of the storage chamber, wherein external dimensions of the Heizgerät-stocking insert are so adapted to a size of provided in a housing of the heater closable opening such that the heater storage insert is insertable through the opening in a combustion chamber of the stove. Advantageously, by providing the storage device which can be retrofitted into a heater, an already existing conventional heating device operated with firewood can be further developed into a fuel granulating heater according to the invention. The customer is thereby freed from increased investment and can also decide permanently whether he wants to use the heater without use conventional or with storage use for thermal combustion of fuel granules. In particular, the availability of the different fuels and the cost of the fuels can be taken into account.

In the context of the invention are under the name of heater in particular a stove, a storage stove, a fireplace, a fireplace, a stove of a general nature, a single hearth or a hot water heater to understand. The invention shown below for a stove and the operating method of the invention can be realized and implemented so far for the storage stove and in chimneys or fireplaces, ovens general type or in central or in the living room installed individual fireplaces and hot water heating systems.

From the further subclaims and the following description, there are further advantages, features and details of the invention. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description may each be essential to the invention individually or in any desired combination. Features and details of the fuel granulator heater and the heater storage insert described according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the operating method according to the invention and vice versa. Thus, the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention can always be referenced reciprocally. The drawings serve merely by way of example the clarification of the invention and have no limiting character.

Figur 1

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Brenngranulat-Heizgeräts mit einer Bevorratungskammer für das Brenngranulat, wobei das Heizgerät exemplarisch nach Art eines Kaminofens ausgeführt ist,

Figur 2

einen erfindungsgemäßen Heizgerät-Bevorratungseinsatz, wie er in dem erfindungsgemäßen Brenngranulat-Heizgerät nach Figur 1 Verwendung findet,

Figur 3

eine zweite Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Heizgerät-Bevorratungseinsatzes,

Figur 4

eine dritte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Heizgerät-Bevorratungseinsatzes,

Figur 5

eine vierte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Heizgerät-Bevorratungseinsatzes,

Figur 6

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizgeräts,

Figur 7

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines scheibenförmigen Trennkörpers für die Bevorratung skammer,

Figur 8

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des scheibenförmigen Trennkörpers für die Bevorratungskammer,

Figur 9

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel des scheibenförmigen Trennkörpers für die Bevorratungskammer,

Figur 10

ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel des scheibenförmigen Trennkörpers für die Bevorratungskammer,

Figur 11

eine dritte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Brenngranulat-Heizgeräts mit zwei Bevorratungskammern für das Brenngranulat,

Figur 12

eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Bevorratungseinsatz mit drei Bevorratungskammern,

Figur 13

eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Bevorratungseinsatz mit vier Bevorratungskammer,

Figur 14

eine weitere schematische Draufsicht auf einen Bevorratungseinsatz mit drei Bevorratungskammern,

Figur 15

eine vierte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Brenngranulat-Heizgeräts,

Figur 16

ein alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel einer Bevorratungskammer für das Heizgerät nach Figur 15,

Figur 17

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel der Bevorratungskammer für das Heizgerät nach Figur 15,

Figur 18

ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel des Bevorratungskammer für das Heizgerät nach Figur 15,

Figur 19

ein fünftes Ausführungsbeispiel der Bevorratungskammer für das Heizgerät nach Figur 15,

Figur 20

ein Vertikalschnitt durch eine fünfte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizgeräts und

Figur 21

einen Horizontalschnitt durch das Heizgerät nach Figur 20 gemäß Schnitt C-C.

Show it:

FIG. 1

a first embodiment of a fuel granule heater according to the invention with a storage chamber for the fuel granules, wherein the heater is designed by way of example in the manner of a stove,

FIG. 2

a heater storage insert according to the invention, as in the fuel granule heater according to the invention according to FIG. 1 Use finds

FIG. 3

A second embodiment of the heater storage insert according to the invention,

FIG. 4

A third embodiment of the heater storage insert according to the invention,

FIG. 5

A fourth embodiment of the heater storage insert according to the invention,

FIG. 6

A second embodiment of a heater according to the invention,

FIG. 7

a first embodiment of a disk-shaped separating body for the storage skammer,

FIG. 8

A second embodiment of the disc-shaped separating body for the storage chamber,

FIG. 9

A third embodiment of the disk-shaped separating body for the storage chamber,

FIG. 10

A fourth embodiment of the disc-shaped separating body for the storage chamber,

FIG. 11

A third embodiment of a granular fuel heater according to the invention with two storage chambers for the fuel granules,

FIG. 12

a schematic plan view of a storage insert with three storage chambers,

FIG. 13

a schematic plan view of a storage insert with four storage chamber,

FIG. 14

a further schematic plan view of a storage insert with three storage chambers,

FIG. 15

A fourth embodiment of a granulated fuel heater according to the invention,

FIG. 16

an alternative embodiment of a storage chamber for the heater according to FIG. 15 .

FIG. 17

a third embodiment of the storage chamber for the heater after FIG. 15 .

FIG. 18

A fourth embodiment of the storage chamber for the heater according to FIG. 15 .

FIG. 19

a fifth embodiment of the storage chamber for the heater according to FIG. 15 .

FIG. 20

a vertical section through a fifth embodiment of a heater according to the invention and

FIG. 21

a horizontal section through the heater after FIG. 20 according to section CC.

A first embodiment of a heater according to the invention is in FIG. 1 shown. The heater is designed as an example in the manner of a stove. The stove comprises as essential components a housing 1 with an opening 2, which can be released or closed by a closing unit 3 associated with the opening 2. The closing unit 3 comprises a preferably transparent disc element 4, through which a combustion chamber 5 provided behind the disc element 4 and surrounded by the housing 1 can be viewed. The combustion chamber 5 is clad with a chamotte bottom 6, a Schamotterückwand 7, a fireclay side wall 8 and a pubic 9.

In the combustion chamber 5, a storage chamber 10 for the fuel granules 11 and a flame chamber 12 are formed. The storage chamber 10 is located below the flame chamber 12. It lies at least in sections on the fireclay bottom 6, the Schamotterückwand 7 and the fireclay side walls 8 and is separated by a disc-shaped separating body 13 of the flame chamber 12. The disk body 13 has a passage opening 14 for the passage of gases from the storage chamber 10 into the flame chamber 12. The disk body 13 can be removed for filling the storage chamber 10 with the fuel pellets 11. Alternatively, it can be provided that the disk body 13 is designed to be foldable or pivotable and can be pivoted or opened to fill the storage chamber 10 with the fuel pellets 11.

A disk body 13 opposite and a bottom of the storage chamber 10 forming base side 15 is formed in the manner of a perforated plate. The base side 15 has insofar a plurality of supply openings 16 through which fresh air (primary air 25) can flow via the storage chamber 10. For supplying the fresh air to the storage chamber 10 is in the region of the opening 2 and the closing unit 3 opposite back of the housing 1, a fresh air duct 17 is provided for ventilating the combustion chamber 5. In the Schamotterückwand 7, a recess 18 is formed which connects an adjacent to the storage chamber 10 first supply air duct 19 with the fresh air duct 17. The first supply air duct 19 extends along a rear wall 20 of the storage chamber 10 and the base side 15. It is not framed by the rear wall 20 of the storage chamber 10, the Schamotterückwand 7 of the stove, the base side 15 of the storage chamber 10, the fireclay bottom 6 and in the side view separately shown side walls 21 of the storage chamber 10th

A the disk element 4 facing the front of the storage chamber 10 is formed at least partially planar. In the present embodiment of the invention, the disk body 13 and the front of the storage chamber 10 defining front 22 are formed from a flat and planar glass material. In this respect, the storage chamber 10 with the fuel granules 11 therein through the disk element 4 of the door 3 on the one hand and the disk body 13 and the at least partially transparent front side 22 can be viewed.

The flame chamber 12 is located in the combustion chamber 5 above the storage chamber 10. In the area of the pubic 9 an opening associated with the flame chamber 12 23 is provided which serves in the flame chamber 12 located gases further functional components of the stove, such as a heat storage 37, or a smoke outlet, for example, an exhaust duct 38 to supply. Furthermore, a second supply air channel 24 assigned to the flame chamber 12 is provided. Fresh air (secondary air 26) can enter the flame chamber 12 via the second supply air channel 24. The second supply air channel 24 is oriented so that the supply air is supplied from above and flows along the disc element 4 into the flame chamber 12. By the supply air flows along the disc element 4, sooting of the disc element 4 can be counteracted.

The stove after FIG. 1 is operated as follows. First, the storage chamber 10 is preliminarily filled with the fuel granules 11. Subsequently, the fuel pellets 11 is ignited. For this purpose, through the passage opening 14 in the disk body 13 a branding aid, such as a fireplace lighter, placed on the fuel pellets 11 and ignited. In the Anbrandphase passes so-called primary air 25 via the fresh air passage 17, the recess 18, the first supply air duct 19 and provided in the base side 15 feed openings 16 in the storage chamber 10. As a result of the ignition of the fuel pellets 11, combustion gases formed in the flame chamber 12 under Supply of secondary air 26 flowing through the second supply air channel 24 and formation of a flame 27 burn. The resulting fuel gases escape from the flame chamber 12 via the opening 23rd

Once the fuel pellets 11 is inflamed and burning reliably, the first supply air duct 19 is shut off via a closure body, not shown, and the supply of primary air 25 is prevented in the storage chamber 10 or extremely reduced. Then takes place in the storage chamber 10, the so-called pyrolysis or degassing of the organic fuel pellets 11 under exclusion of oxygen or extreme oxygen depletion. During pyrolysis energy-rich pyrolysis gas is released, which passes through the passage opening 14 from the storage chamber 10 into the flame chamber 12 and is mixed there with the inflowing secondary air 26 and burns. During burning, the flame 27 - depending on the oxygen content - a red, yellow or orange color.

In the storage chamber 10, a granular precursor is formed during the pyrolysis. The granular intermediate substance is typically black on the outside and furthermore has at least approximately the original shape of the fuel granules 11.

Following the pyrolysis, which forms a first thermal utilization phase, the supply of primary air 25 to the storage chamber 10 is restored in a second thermal utilization phase. As a result of the air supply, the granular precursor is burned in the storage chamber 10. Due to the excess of oxygen, an essentially blue-burning flame 27 is formed in the flame chamber 12.

Depending on the amount of fuel granules 11, the duration of the first thermal utilization phase and the second utilization phase varies. When using about 10 liters of fuel pellets 11, the first thermal recovery phase of the pyrolysis extends over about 2 to 2.5 hours and the burn-up in the second thermal recovery phase over about 90 minutes.

The storage chamber 10 after FIG. 1 is part of a stocking operation 30, as in FIG. 2 is shown. The storage insert 30 is used in particular as a retrofit kit for conventional stoves, which are designed for the combustion of logs or the like and have a correspondingly large, not subdivided combustion chamber 5. The geometry and in particular the outer dimensions of the storage insert 30 are selected such that the storage insert 30 can be inserted through the opening 2 typically provided in the housing 1 when the closing unit 3 is open. The stocking insert 30 has the storage chamber 10 delimited by the disk body 13, the disk body 13 opposite base side 15, the front side 22, the rear wall 20 and the side walls 21. Furthermore, the storage insert 30 comprises the first supply air duct 19 in that the supply air duct 19 is limited and formed after insertion of the storage insert 30 in the combustion chamber 5 as additional shell sides by the Schamotterückwand 7 and the fireclay bottom 6. In the present case, the first supply air duct 19 is designed to be rearwardly and downwardly unlocked, while it is delimited in the direction of a front side facing the front of the storage insert 30, in the area of the two side walls 21 and upwardly through the walls of the storage insert 30. The feed openings 16 in the base side 15 are dimensioned such that the fuel pellets 11 are held securely in the storage chamber 10 and can not pass through the supply openings 16 into the first supply air channel 19 or onto the firebrick bottom 6.

Depending on the specific design and design of the space provided for the storage insert 30 stove, the primary air 25 of the storage chamber 10 can be supplied in different ways. For example, the primary air 25 instead of via the fresh air duct 17 can be supplied directly from below. In that sense can the stocking insert 30 - as in FIG. 3 shown - obtained a modified geometry in which is dispensed with the formation of the rear portion of the first supply air duct 19 and the primary air 25 is supplied directly from below. It can further be provided that the housing 1 of the stove has a rear opening and the primary air 25 flows to the storage insert 30 from the rear. In this case, the stocking insert 30 may after FIG. 2 Find use. Alternatively, the primary air 25 can flow to the storage insert 30 laterally. In this respect, the first supply air channel 19 can extend along a side wall 21 and the base side 15 of the storage insert 30, cf. FIG. 4 ,

A fourth embodiment of the stocking insert 30 according to FIG. 5 comprises a closed base side 15. The feed openings 16 for the primary air 25 are formed adjacent to the base side 15 in the rear wall 20 and the opposite side walls 21 of the storage chamber 10. The modified design of the storage insert 30 with the closed base side 15 prevents, in particular, that ashes or other firing residues escape from the combustion chamber 5 when the stockpiling insert 30 is removed and contaminate the surroundings of the woodburning stove. Nevertheless, the primary air 25 can be supplied to the fuel pellets 11 in the region of the base side 15 and a uniform, high-energy combustion of the fuel pellets 11 can be ensured.

Identical components and component functions are identified by the same reference numerals.

FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a stove according to the invention. According to the second exemplary embodiment of the stove, instead of a storage insert 30, a storage chamber 10 which is permanently installed in the housing 1 of the stove is arranged below the flame chamber 12 in the combustion chamber 5. Below the storage chamber 10 is an ash container 35, are collected in the combustion residues formed. The residues after the combustion of the granular precursor are so small that they pass through the supply openings 16 in the Base side 15 of the storage chamber 10 fall. The ash container 35 can be removed via a second housing opening 36.

Above the combustion chamber 5 a formed in the manner of a stone heat storage 37 is arranged. The heat accumulator 37 serves to additionally extract and store heat from the exhaust air flowing through the opening 23 in the direction of the exhaust air duct 38. The stored heat in the heat accumulator 37 is discharged through the housing 1 to the environment, in particular after the second thermal utilization phase is completed. In this respect, the efficiency of the stove can be further improved by the provision of the heat accumulator 37 and the service life can be extended. The release of heat from the heat storage 37 may extend over several hours.

During operation, the primary air 25 flows via the rear fresh air duct 17 and the first supply air duct 19 from the base side 15 through the supply openings 16 in the storage chamber 10. The secondary air 26 passes through an air inlet opening 39, which is provided above the closing unit 3 on the housing 1 Thus, the second supply air channel 24 extends in the front region of the housing 1. The likewise disk-shaped separating body 13 between the storage chamber 10 and the flame chamber 12 has two passage openings 14 in the present case. Through both passage openings 14, gases can flow from the storage chamber 10 into the flame chamber 12. In this respect, an individual, changed flame pattern results both in the first and in the second thermal utilization phase.

Extensive tests by the applicant have shown that an inclined position of the disk body 13, which rises in the direction of the passage opening 14, allows a particularly advantageous thermal utilization. In particular, an angle of attack 40 is less than 30 °. Preferably, the angle of attack between 2 ° and 20 ° and particularly preferably in the range of 8 ° +/- 5 ° relative to the horizontal is low. As a result, on the one hand, the secondary air 26 is deflected in the direction of the passage opening 14 and preheated in the region of the disk body 13. On the other hand, there is a good one Mixing of secondary air 26 and the gases flowing from the storage chamber 10 into the flame chamber 12. Furthermore, it is prevented that in particular during the first thermal recovery phase interfering secondary air 26 flows into the storage chamber 10, or the penetration of secondary air 26 into the storage chamber 10 is counteracted.

In the context of the invention, provided on the disk body 13 passage opening 14 may have any position. It is not mandatory that the passage opening 14 adjacent to the side walls (Schamotterückwand 7, fireclay side wall 8) is arranged.

According to an alternative, not shown embodiment of the invention, the disk body 13 may be formed in several parts. The one-piece disk geometry after the FIGS. 1 to 6 is exemplary in this respect.

The FIGS. 7 to 10 show alternative embodiments of the separating body 13 and the passage opening 14. Nach FIG. 7 the disk body 13 is formed as a square disk body 13 and the passage opening 14 as a linear passage opening 14 which extends over an entire width of the disk body 13.

FIG. 8 shows that, for example, two passage openings 14 may be provided, which are formed oval. The passage openings 14 may in principle have any geometry and be designed, for example, sun-like. It is also conceivable to give the passage openings 14 a flame shape.

To FIG. 9 It is provided that the passage opening 14 in an upper, in the mounted state of the Schamotterückwand 7 facing region of the separating body 13 is formed. The passage opening 14 is then provided immediately adjacent to the Schamotterückwand 7. The secondary air 26 flows so far, before it is mixed in the region of the passage opening 14 with the gases passing through, the entire disk body 13 and is correspondingly preheated.

FIG. 10 makes it clear that the inventive idea, regardless of the geometry of the stove not only at substantially rectangular cross section, but - as shown here - can also be realized in a circular cross-section of the stove. The disk body 13 has a circular shape insofar as the passage opening 14 is designed like a sickle on an upper edge region of the disk body 13.

Of course, other than substantially rectangular or round stoves cross-sectional shapes can be formed according to the invention. For example, the stove can be realized in cross-section oval or triangular.

A third embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 11 has a Bevomatungseinsatz 30 which is provided in the combustion chamber 5 and which is supplied via a rear fresh air duct 17 and the first supply air duct 19 from the base side 15 ago with primary air 25. In the storage insert 30 now two Bevaporation chambers 45, 46 are provided. The storage chambers 45, 46 are separated from one another by a thermally insulated intermediate wall 47 and each designed to receive fuel granules 11. The first, larger storage chamber 45 is assigned as a separating body, a first disk body 48, wherein a passage opening 49 is formed to the flame chamber 12 adjacent to Schamotterückwand 7 of the stove. The disk body 48 is formed as a removable disk body, which is taken to fill the first storage chamber 45 with fuel pellets 11 and used during operation. A second, smaller storage chamber 46 is provided in front of the first storage chamber 45 and adjacent to the disk element 4. A provided between the second storage chamber 46 and the flame chamber 12 second separating body 50 is also formed disc-shaped and pivotally. A corresponding mounting of the second disk body 50 takes place in the region of the intermediate wall 47. To fill the second storage chamber 46 with the fuel granules 11, the second disk body 50 can be folded away or pivoted in the direction of the first disk body 48. A second passage opening 51 connecting the second storage chamber 46 to the flame chamber 12 is formed near the disk element 4.

During operation of the stove, the fuel granules 11 are first ignited in the first storage chamber 45 under maximum primary air supply via a Anbrandhilfsmittel. After firing, as has been the supply of the primary air 25 is suppressed, so that in the first thermal recovery phase, the pyrolysis in the first storage chamber 45 and the combustion of high-energy pyrolysis gases in the flame chamber 12 takes place. Subsequently, with maximum supply of primary air, the granular precursor, which has formed as the product of the pyrolysis in the first storage chamber 45, is burned in the second thermal utilization phase. As a result of the heat produced during the pyrolysis or the burning of the granular precursor, self-ignition of the fuel granules 11 provided in the second storage chamber 46 takes place in the region of the second passage opening 51. The time of spontaneous combustion can in this case be varied constructively, in particular, via the size and position of the second Through opening 51, the degree of thermal insulation of the two storage chambers 45, 46 in the region of the intermediate wall 47 and the amount of primary air 25, which is the second storage chamber 46 via the supply opening 16 provided in the base side 15 is supplied.

Overall, it is possible by the provision of two storage chambers 45, 46 to extend the process of thermal utilization of the fuel pellets 11 in time and at the same time to limit the maximum heat output. In this respect, heat is released to the environment over a longer period of time.

The FIGS. 12 to 14 show further basic possibilities for the realization of a stove with several storage chambers. For example, after FIG. 12 be provided to form three storage chambers 52, 53, 54 in a stove with a substantially square cross-section. As explained above, the time of ignition of the fuel granules 11 stored in the storage chambers 52, 53, 54 can be varied or influenced by structural measures, in particular by the design of the separating body and the size and position of the passage openings become. Similarly, according to FIG. 13 a solution with four storage chambers 52, 53, 54, 55 are formed. FIG. 14 shows finally how three storage chambers 52, 53, 54 can be arranged in a round cross-section stove.

FIG. 15 shows a fourth embodiment of a stove according to the invention. Here, the arranged in the combustion chamber 5 storage chamber 10 is realized for the fuel pellets 11 in the manner of a Ausschubs. In this respect, the combustion chamber 10, in particular for filling the same with fuel pellets 11 or for cleaning the combustion chamber 10 can be pulled out of the housing 1. For this purpose, the combustion chamber 10 is fastened to the housing 1 by means of telescopic rails 58. For example, the disk body 13 may be designed to be removable or be pivoted as a hinged disk body 13 to facilitate the filling or cleaning of the storage chamber 10.

The FIGS. 16 and 17 show two alternative embodiments of the storage chamber 10, which is formed in the manner of a storage insert 30. In each case, the disk body 13 are inclined relative to the horizontal employed. The passage opening 14, via which gases pass from the storage chamber 10 into the flame chamber 12, is in this case positioned so that the gases pass along the disk body 13 in the direction of the passage opening 14. The passage opening 14 is in each case at an upper point of the storage chamber 10. The disk body 13 has a double function. On the one hand, it serves to separate the storage chamber 10 from the flame chamber 12. On the other hand, the pane body 13 carries the gases in the direction of the passage opening 14.

According to the FIGS. 18 and 19 the storage insert 30 comprises two storage chambers 45, 46. The two storage chambers 45, 46 are separated from one another by a thermally insulated intermediate wall 47. Each storage chamber 45, 46 is a disk body 48, 50 associated with a passage opening 49, 51. The passage opening 49, 51 is in each case located at an upper point of the storage chambers 45, 46. The disk bodies 48, 50 serve to separate the storage chambers 45, 46 of the flame chamber 12. On the other hand, the disk bodies 48, 50 also serve to guide the gases formed in the supply chamber in the direction of the passage openings 49, 51. The disk body 50 of the smaller front storage chamber 46 can hereby be pivoted to fill the storage chamber 46 become. Moreover, a size of the passage opening 51 can be changed by the disk body 50 is made in two parts and the two parts 50.1, 50.2 of the disk body 50 are displaced relative to each other in the direction of the plane of extension 28 of the disk body 50. About the position of the flap 50 and the size of In particular, the time of self-ignition of the fuel granules 11 provided in the associated second storage chamber 46 is effected. In this case, self-ignition of the fuel granules 11 takes place in the region of the passage opening 14 due to the high temperatures in the flame chamber 12, that is, the fuel granules 11 are ignited from above.

Regardless of the embodiments of the invention shown with more than one storage chamber 10, 45, 46, the position or the position of the passage opening 13, 49, 51 can be freely determined. The disk body 13, 48, 50 may be formed in one piece or in several parts. It is also advantageous here to provide the disk body 13, 48, 50 at least slightly inclined relative to the horizontal and to allow it to rise in the direction of the passage opening 13, 49, 51.

A fifth embodiment of the stove according to the invention after the FIGS. 20 and 21 has an integrated storage chamber 10. The storage chamber 10 dispenses with separate side walls. The combustion chamber 5 is so far divided only by the disk body 13 with the passage opening 14 in the storage chamber 10 on the one hand and the flame chamber 12 on the other. The primary air 25 passes through the first supply air duct 19 and a plurality of provided in a wall 59 of the combustion chamber 5 recesses 18 in two formed by U-shaped profiles Primärluftleitkanäle 60. The Primärluftleitkanäle 60 are in the storage chamber 10 on opposite sides adjacent to the wall 59th the combustion chamber 30 is provided. The inflowing over the recesses 18 primary air 25 escapes through two recesses 61 of the guide channels 60. The recesses 61 are adjacent thereto arranged to a bottom 62 of the combustion chamber 5. In this respect, the primary air 25 to the fuel pellets 11 as previously supplied from below through the querstandet provided to the bottom 62 of the combustion chamber 5 hole bottom 15.

Between the perforated bottom 15 of the storage chamber 10 and the bottom 62 of the combustion chamber 5 no optional an ash container 35, not shown here, can be provided. Firing residues then pass, in particular via the feed openings 16 of the perforated bottom 16, out of the storage chamber 10 into the ash container 35.

The disk body 13 provided between the storage chamber 10 and the flame chamber 12 is inclined relative to the horizontal and is designed to rise in the direction of the passage opening 14. It is supported in the combustion chamber 5 on one end face of the two primary air ducts 60. The disk body 13 may be formed, for example, as a glass body and loosely placed on the guide channels 60. For example, the disk body 13 can be fixed via fastening means, not shown, to the guide channels 60 or the wall 59 of the combustion chamber 5.

The integrated design of the combustion chamber 10 allows a very compact and structurally particularly simple implementation of the invention. On a physically closed trained storage chamber 10 is omitted. Rather, the side wall 59 and the bottom 62 of the combustion chamber 5 at the same time serve as walls for the storage chamber 10.

Optionally, the hole bottom 15 can be dispensed with. The primary air 25 then passes via the recesses 61 laterally into the storage chamber. Of course, more than two Primärluftleitkanäle 60 may be provided with a correspondingly large number of recesses 61.

The embodiments of the stove according to the invention discussed with reference to the figures can be varied, for example, to the effect that a circular or cylindrical opening 2 with a correspondingly shaped closing element 3 is provided. Instead of that in the various embodiments of the invention can be provided, for example, a matched to the size of the fuel pellets 11 cross lattice, an expanded metal, a wire mesh or a Rüttelrost. The rigid position of the perforated plate 15 is insofar merely exemplary. The combustion chamber 5 of the stove is clad only by way of example with fireclay bricks. On the firebricks can be dispensed with. The walls of the combustion chamber 5 can be realized so far from any other suitable temperature-stable and refractory material. The heat accumulator 37 is provided as an example above the flame chamber 12. According to the invention it can be provided that a suitable heat storage or a heat exchanger, for example a hot water circuit, is provided additionally or solely in the combustion chamber 5 or in the flame chamber 12.

By way of example only, the embodiments of the invention are illustrated by the example of a stove. In principle, any other form of heating device can realize the invention and be provided for carrying out the method according to the invention. In particular, storage stoves, fireplaces in general, fireplaces, stoves and individual fireplaces or hot water heating systems can be designed according to the invention.

Claims (7)

Auxiliary fuel powered fuel granule heater comprising a housing (1) having an opening (2) and a closure unit (3) associated with the opening (2) for selectively releasing and / or closing the opening (2), comprising a housing (10). 1) provided combustion chamber (5), wherein the combustion chamber (5) at least partially lined with a temperature-stable material, in particular with a fireclay material, and wherein in the combustion chamber (5) a storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53 , 54, 55) for a fuel granule (11) and a flame chamber (12) are provided, comprising a first supply air duct (19) for supplying air into the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55), comprising a second supply air duct (24) for supplying supply air to the flame chamber (12), and comprising an exhaust duct (38) for discharging combustion gases from the combustion chamber (5), characterized in that the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52 , 53, 54, 55) f for the fuel granules (11) in the combustion chamber (5) below the flame chamber (12) is provided. Heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) is separated from the flame chamber (12) by a separating body (13, 48, 50), wherein on the separating body ( 13, 48, 50) a passage opening is provided for the passage of gases generated during the operation of the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) in the flame chamber (12). Heater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the separating body (13, 48, 50) is designed as a disk body, wherein a in an extension plane (28) of the disk body (13, 48, 50) determined area measurement of Through opening (14, 49, 51) is smaller than 30%, and preferably less than 20%, and more preferably less than 10% of a surface measure of the disk body (13, 48, 50) in the plane of extent (28). Heater according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first supply air duct (19) connects the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) with a first air inlet opening such that via one of the flame chamber (12 ) and / or the separating body (13, 38, 50) opposite and feed openings (16) for the supply air having base side (15) of the storage chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) primary air (25) in the supply chamber (10, 45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) can be supplied and / or that the second supply air duct (24) the flame chamber (12) and the first air inlet opening of the housing (1) or a second air inlet opening (39) of the housing (1) connects such that the flame chamber (12) via the second supply air duct (24) secondary air (26) can be fed. Heater according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first supply air duct (19) and / or the second supply air duct (24) is associated with an adjustably held closure body is such that depending on an adjustment of the closure body, the amount of the first Supply air duct (19) and / or the second supply air duct (24) in the combustion chamber (5) supplied air varies, wherein in a first Endverstellposition of the closure body, a maximum amount of supply air enters the combustion chamber (5) and wherein in a second Endverstellposition a minimal amount of supply air into the combustion chamber (5) is supplied. Heater according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the combustion chamber (5) a plurality of storage chambers (45, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) for the fuel granules (11) is provided, each storage chamber (45 , 46, 52, 53, 54, 55) is arranged adjacent to the flame chamber (12) and is separated from the same by forming a passage opening (49, 51) by means of a separating body (48, 50). Heater according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the separating body (13, 48, 50) as a separating body (13, 48, 50) made of steel and / or as a separating body (13, 48, 50) made of glass, in particular ceramic glass or ceran glass is formed.

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