ES2327768T3 - Estruturas anulares de soporte. - Google Patents
Estruturas anulares de soporte. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2327768T3 ES2327768T3 ES06016962T ES06016962T ES2327768T3 ES 2327768 T3 ES2327768 T3 ES 2327768T3 ES 06016962 T ES06016962 T ES 06016962T ES 06016962 T ES06016962 T ES 06016962T ES 2327768 T3 ES2327768 T3 ES 2327768T3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B17/115—Staplers for performing anastomosis, e.g. in a single operation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/00491—Surgical glue applicators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
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- A61B17/07292—Reinforcements for staple line, e.g. pledgets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B17/1114—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis of the digestive tract, e.g. bowels or oesophagus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
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- A61B17/1155—Circular staplers comprising a plurality of staples
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B2017/1132—End-to-end connections
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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Abstract
Una estructura rígida de soporte (400), para usar conjuntamente con un instrumento grapador endoscópico circular (10) que tiene un conjunto de cargador (14) de grapas y un conjunto de yunque (16), cuyo conjunto de cargador de grapas tiene al menos una disposición anular de ranuras (18) de grapa y unas grapas (20) situadas en las ranuras, en la que la estructura de soporte mantiene un lumen resultante de una anastomosis en una condición abierta, comprendiendo la estructura de soporte: un aro anular rígido (402) configurado y destinado a superponerse sustancialmente a la al menos una disposición anular de grapas del conjunto de cargador de grapas, cuyo aro anular comprende: una pared anular exterior (404) que tiene un diámetro; una pared anular interior (406) separada una distancia radial hacia dentro de la pared anular exterior y que define un espacio; una pared superior (408) que une entre sí la pared anular exterior y la pared anular interior; y una pared inferior (410) separada una distancia de la pared superior y que une entre sí la pared anular exterior y la pared anular interior, definiendo la pared anular exterior, la pared anular interior y las paredes superior e inferior un depósito interior (412); y un material (W) de cierre de heridas contenido en el depósito.
Description
Estructuras anulares de soporte.
La presente invención se refiere a estructuras
anulares de soporte y, más particularmente, a aros de refuerzo de
lumen, para usar conjuntamente con in instrumento grapador
endoscópico circular, para mantener el lumen resultante de una
anastomosis en una condición abierta.
Las grapas se han usado tradicionalmente para
reemplazar a la suturación cuando se unen o someten a una
anastomosis diversas estructuras del cuerpo, tales como, por
ejemplo, el intestino o el bronquio Los dispositivos grapadores
quirúrgicos empleados para aplicar estas grapas se diseñan
generalmente para cortar y obturar simultáneamente un segmento
extendido de tejido en un paciente, reduciendo ampliamente de ese
modo el tiempo y los riesgos de tales procedimientos.
Los cirujanos emplean los dispositivos
grapadores quirúrgicos lineales para aplicar secuencial o
simultáneamente una o más hileras lineales de elementos de sujeción
quirúrgicos, por ejemplo grapas o elementos de sujeción de dos
partes, a tejido del cuerpo con el fin de unir juntos segmentos de
tejido corporal. Tales dispositivos incluyen generalmente un par de
mordazas o estructures parecidas a un dedo entre las que se coloca
el tejido corporal que se va a unir. Cuando el dispositivo grapador
se acciona y/o "dispara", las barras de disparo se desplazan
longitudinalmente y establecen contacto con los miembros propulsores
en una de las mordazas, las grapas quirúrgicas se impulsan a través
del tejido corporal, y al interior y/o contra un yunque de la
mordaza opuesta, engarzando de se modo las grapas para cerrarlas. Si
hay que extraer tejido, se puede proveer una hoja de cuchilla para
cortar entre las hileras/líneas de grapas. En las patentes de
EE.UU. Números 4.354.628, y 5.040.715 se describen ejemplos de
dichos instrumentos.
Para la mayor parte de los procedimientos, el
uso de grapas desnudas, con las grapas en contacto directo con el
tejido del paciente, es generalmente aceptable. La integridad del
tejido sirve normalmente para impedir que las grapas desgarren el
tejido y comprometan el cierre hermético antes de que se haya
producido la cicatrización. Sin embargo, en algunas operaciones
quirúrgicas, los cirujanos emplean soportes quirúrgicos, por
ejemplo mallas, para establecer puentes, reparar y/o reforzar
defectos de tejido en un paciente, especialmente los que se
producen en la pared abdominal, pared del tórax, diafragma y otras
áreas músculo-aponeuróticas del cuerpo. Se
describen ejemplos de soportes quirúrgicos en las patentes de EE.UU.
Números 3.054.406, 3.124.136, 4.347.847, 4.655.221, 4.838.884 y
5.002.551.
El documento EP 0 594 148 describe una compresa
de espuma bioabsorbible que puede enhebrarse o adherirse a la punta
conectando la bahía de una grapadora quirúrgica. Los vacíos o huecos
dentro de la espuma son opcionalmente rellenados con un agente
médico.
Cuando las grapas se aplican en una operación
quirúrgica utilizando soportes quirúrgicos (es decir, material de
refuerzo), las patas de la grapa típicamente pasan desde la mordaza
del cargador a través de un estrato de material de refuerzo, y
luego atraviesan el tejido del paciente antes de encontrarse con la
mordaza de yunque. En un procedimiento alternativo, las patas de la
grapa pasan típicamente desde la mordaza del cargador a través de
un primer estrato de material de refuerzo, luego a través del tejido
del paciente, y finalmente atraviesan un segundo estrato de
material de refuerzo antes de encontrar a la mordaza de yunque. Con
las grapas en su sitio, el tejido grapado se sujeta entre los
estratos de material de refuerzo.
Aunque los soportes quirúrgicos anteriormente
descritos se usan conjuntamente con grapadoras quirúrgicas lineales,
existe la necesidad de una estructura de soporte para usarla
conjuntamente con una grapadora quirúrgica anular, una grapadora de
anastomosis terminoterminal tal como un instrumento Modelo EEATM
disponible en United States Surgical, una División del Tyco
Health-Care Group, LP, Norwalk, y descrito en la
patente de EE.UU. Nº 5.392.979 expedida a Green y colaboradores. En
general, una grapadora para anastomosis terminoterminal típicamente
coloca una agrupación de grapas en el interior de secciones de
aproximación de los intestinos del paciente u otros órganos
tubulares. La anastomosis resultante contiene una sección invertida
de intestino que contiene numerosas grapas de forma de "B"
para mantener una unión segura entre las secciones aproximadas de
intestino.
Un efecto colateral posible de toda anastomosis
terminoterminal es su tendencia a la estenosis a lo largo del
tiempo, cuya estenosis puede disminuir el diámetro del lumen con el
tiempo. De acuerdo con ello, existe la necesidad de una estructura
de soporte quirúrgico que funcione conjuntamente con cualquier
dispositivo de anastomosis terminoterminal y ayude a mantener
abierta en el tiempo el lumen del intestino o de otro órgano
tubular que hayan experimentado la anastomosis.
La presente invención proporciona una estructura
de soporte de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1.
La presente descripción está dirigida en parte a
estructuras de soporte configuradas y destinadas para usarlas
conjuntamente con un instrumento grapador circular que tiene un
conjunto de cargador de grapas y un conjunto de yunque. Las
estructuras de soporte son rígidas o semirrígidas, y están
destinadas a mantener en una condición abierta un lumen resultante
de una anastomosis, formada por el aparato grapador circular.
Las estructuras de soporte pueden incluir un aro
anular que se puede fijar y/o conectar a la superficie más distal
del conjunto de cargador de grapas, por ejemplo, mediante el uso de
un adhesivo dispuesto entre el aro anular y la superficie más
distal del conjunto de cargador de grapas, con un acoplamiento por
fricción entre al menos un saliente que se extiende desde la
superficie del aro anular y al menos un correspondiente rebajo
complementario practicado en la superficie más distal del conjunto
de cargador de grapas.
Se prevé que el aro anular pueda proveerse de
una pluralidad de ranuras formadas en el mismo que correspondan
sustancialmente a las ranuras de grapa del conjunto de cargador de
grapas.
El aro anular se puede conformar de un material
rígido parecido a una malla, que defina una pluralidad de espacios
intersticiales a través de los cuales tengan que pasar las patas de
las grapas. Preferiblemente, el aro anular está unido y/ fijado a
la superficie más distal del conjunto de cargador de grapas, de tal
manera que las patas y/o filamentos de la malla se superponen y/o
atraviesan las ranuras de grapa, con más preferencia, las patas y/o
filamentos de la malla se extiendan sustancialmente a través de la
parte central de las ranuras de grapa (es decir, entre las patas de
las grapas dispuestas en las ranuras de grapa). Las patas y/o
filamentos de la malla intersecan al menos una, preferiblemente una
pluralidad de ranuras de grapa.
La malla se puede formar en cualquier
configuración adecuada, por ejemplo un patrón radial, un patrón
anular en zigzag, un patrón anular en onda sinusoidal, un patrón
entrecruzado y un patrón similar. Preferiblemente, el aro anular
incluye una banda exterior anular y una banda interior anular.
El aro anular puede incluir un miembro de
orientación de cargador que se ha configurado y dimensionado para
alinear axialmente el aro anular con respecto al conjunto de
cargador de grapas y para orientar radialmente el aro anular con
respecto a las ranuras de grapa (por ejemplo, de tal manera que los
filamentos de la malla se extiendan transversalmente a las ranuras
de grapa). El miembro de orientación de cargador puede incluir al
menos un brazo que se extiende radialmente desde al menos una de la
banda interior anular y de la banda exterior anular y una
protuberancia formada en un extremo del brazo (o de los brazos). Las
protuberancias preferiblemente encajan en unos correspondientes
rebajos complementarios practicados en la superficie más distal del
conjunto de cargador de grapas para de ese modo unir por fricción el
aro anular al conjunto de cargador de grapas. Se contempla que se
pueda proveer adhesivo a la superficie más distal del conjunto de
cargador de grapas y/o a los rebajos formados en la superficie más
distal del conjunto de cargador de grapas para mejorar la unión del
aro anular al conjunto de cargador de grapas.
En una realización preferida la estructura
rígida de soporte incluye un aro anular rígido configurado y
adaptado para superponerse sustancialmente al menos a una
disposición anular de grapas del conjunto de cargador de grapas. El
aro anular puede incluir una pared anular exterior que tiene un
diámetro, una pared anular interior separada en una distancia
radial hacia dentro de la pared anular interior y que define un
espacio, una pared superior que une entre sí la pared anular
exterior y la pared anular interior, y una pared inferior separada
una cierta distancia de la pared superior y que une entre sí la
pared anular exterior y la pared anular interior, La pared anular
interior y las paredes superior e inferior definen un depósito
interior. La estructura de soporte incluye además un material de
cierre de heridas guardado en el depósito.
El diámetro de la pared anular exterior es
preferible y sustancialmente igual a un diámetro exterior del
conjunto de cargador de grapas, y el diámetro de la pared anular
interior está radialmente hacia dentro de la al menos una
disposición anular de grapas.
El aro anular puede tener unos perfiles de
sección transversal circular, rectilínea, ovalada, triangular y
arqueada.
La estructura de soporte puede incluir además un
radio de apoyo unido integralmente a y extendiéndose
transversalmente a través de la pared anular interior. Se contempla
que el conjunto de yunque incluya un eje alargado. El radio de
apoyo incluye un cubo central que tiene una abertura axial central
practicada través del mismo, en el que la abertura axial central
está configurada y dimensionada para recibir al eje del conjunto de
yunque a través de la misma.
Preferiblemente, el material para cierre de
heridas es al menos uno de un material adhesivo, un material
hemostático y un material de cierre hermético. El material adhesivo
puede incluir materiales de albúmina/glutaral, materiales derivados
de proteínas, y materiales basados en cianoacrilato. El material de
cierre hermético puede incluir materiales basados en fibrinógeno,
materiales basados en colágenos, materiales sintéticos basados en
polímeros, materiales sintéticos basados en polietilenglicol y
materiales de hidrogel. El material hemostático puede incluir
materiales basados en fibrinógeno, materiales basados en colágeno,
materiales basados en celulosa oxidada regenerada, materiales
basados en gelatina, y materiales de una combinación de fibrinógeno
y trombina.
Se contempla que al menos una de la pared
anular exterior y de la pared anular interior se hagan de un
material rígido. El material rígido puede incluir acero inoxidable
y titanio. El material rígido puede incluir además un material
bioabsorbible.
Se contempla que el aro anular rígido incluya
una pluralidad de espacios intersticiales que se extiendan a través
del mismo, cuyos espacios se configuran y adaptan para permitir que
las patas de las grapas pasen a través de los espacios.
El aro anular rígido puede tener una pluralidad
de miembros de orientación de cargador destinados a orientar los
espacios de la estructura de soporte anular para superponerse radial
y circunferencialmente a las ranuras de grapa del conjunto de
cargador de grapas. Los miembros de orientación de cargador pueden
ser una pluralidad de protuberancias que se extienden desde el
mismo, en el que las protuberancias están separadas entre sí y
están destinadas y configuradas para encajar en unos rebajos
complementarios practicados en la superficie de extremo distal del
conjunto de cargador de grapas.
La presente solicitud describe un método
ejemplar para reforzar un lumen producida por anastomosis de un
cuerpo hueco. El método incluye la etapa de cortar el cuerpo hueco
en un par de tramos seccionados, introducir un conjunto de yunque
de un aparato grapador circular en uno del par de tramos seccionados
del cuerpo hueco de tal manera que un eje del conjunto de yunque se
extiende fuera de un extremo de terminal de uno del par de tramos
seccionados, suturar el extremo de terminal de uno del par de tramos
seccionados alrededor del eje del conjunto de yunque, introducir un
conjunto de cargador de grapas en el otro del par de tramos
seccionados, de tal manera que el extremo abierto del conjunto de
cargador mire al extremo abierto de los tramos seccionados del
cuerpo hueco, suturar el extremo de terminal del otro del par de
tramos seccionados, proveer un aro rígido de refuerzo de lumen
entre el conjunto de yunque y el conjunto de cargador de grapas de
tal manera que, cuando se dispara el aparato grapador circular, las
grapas quirúrgicas penetran los extremos de terminal del par de
tramos seccionados y el aro de refuerzo de lumen, acoplar y
aproximar el conjunto de yunque al conjunto de cargador de grapas,
y disparar el aparato grapador
circular.
circular.
El método puede incluir además proveer el aro de
refuerzo de lumen entre los extremos de terminal del par de tramos
seccionados. El método puede incluir proveer el aro de refuerzo de
lumen entre el conjunto de yunque y el par de tramos seccionados.
El método puede incluir proveer el aro de refuerzo de lumen entre el
conjunto de cargador de grapas y el otro del par de tramos
seccionados. Preferiblemente, el aro de refuerzo de lumen está
alineado centralmente con el conjunto de yunque y con el conjunto de
cargador de grapas.
El método puede incluir además la etapa de
orientar y alinear el aro de refuerzo de lumen con el conjunto de
cargador de grapas. El aro de refuerzo de lumen incluye unos
espacios intersticiales definidos por una pluralidad de patas que
se extienden sustancialmente en una dirección radial, en el que una
pluralidad de las patas atraviesan preferiblemente una parte
central de una pluralidad de ranuras de grapa del conjunto de
cargador de grapas.
Un objeto de la presente descripción es proveer
una estructura de soporte, en la forma de un aro, para reforzar o
proveer una mayor integridad estructural a un lumen producida por
anastomosis.
Un objeto adicional de la presente descripción
es proveer un aro de refuerzo de lumen que impide o suprime la
incidencia de estenosis en o a lo largo del lugar producido por
anastomosis.
Un objeto adicional de la presente descripción
es proveer un aro de refuerzo de lumen configurado y destinado a
recibir las grapas disparadas de un aparato grapador circular
endoscópico.
Estos y otros objetos se muestran con mayor
claridad a continuación mediante la descripción de los dibujos y la
descripción detallada de realizaciones preferidas.
Únicamente a título de ejemplo, a continuación
se describen realizaciones preferidas de la invención con referencia
a los dibujos adjuntos, en los que:
La Figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva a escala
ampliada, con partes fraccionadas, de un extremo distal de un
aparato grapador circular anular que muestra la colocación de una
estructura de soporte, de acuerdo con la presente invención, entre
el yunque y el cargador de grapas del aparato grapador;
La Figura 2 es una vista en alzado lateral y en
corte transversal de un par de intestinos aproximados a los que se
ha hecho conjuntamente una anastomosis y que incluyen la estructura
de soporte mostrada en la Figura 1 grapada a una superficie de
extremo de los mismos;
La Figura 3 es una vista en planta desde arriba
de una estructura de soporte de acuerdo con una realización
alternativa de la presente invención;
La Figura 4 es una vista en alzado lateral y en
corte transversal, con partes fraccionadas, de partes de extremo de
un intestino, que muestran el posicionamiento de partes de un
aparato grapador circular dentro de las partes de extremo de los
intestinos antes de la aproximación, y de la estructura de soporte
de la Figura 3 alrededor del eje del yunque entre las partes de
extremo del intestino;
La Figura 5 es una vista en alzado lateral y en
corte transversal de las partes de extremo de los intestinos de la
Figura 4, después de haber sufrido juntas una anastomosis y de
haberlas grapado con la estructura de soporte de la Figura 3, entre
las mismas;
La Figura 6 es una vista en planta desde arriba
de una realización alternativa de una estructura de soporte de
acuerdo con la invención;
La Figura 7 es una vista en alzado lateral y en
corte transversal de la estructura de soporte de la Figura 6,
tomada a lo largo de la línea A-A;
La Figura 8 es una vista en alzado lateral y en
corte transversal de una realización alternativa de la estructura de
soporte de la Figura 6, como se vería a lo largo de la línea
A-A;
La Figura 9 es una vista en planta desde arriba
de una realización alternativa de una estructura de soporte de
acuerdo con la presente invención;
La Figura 10 es una vista en alzado lateral y en
corte transversal de una realización alternativa de la estructura de
soporte mostrada en la Figura 9, tomada a lo largo de la línea
B-B;
La Figura 11 es una vista en planta desde arriba
de todavía otra realización de una estructura de soporte de acuerdo
con la presente invención;
La Figura 12 es una vista en planta desde arriba
de todavía otra realización de una estructura de soporte de acuerdo
con la presente invención tal como se ve colocada en una posición
superpuesta sobre la superficie de extremo distal del cargador de
grapas;
La Figura 13 es una vista en corte transversal a
través de la sección C-C de la Figura 12;
La Figura 14 es una vista en corte transversal a
través de la sección D-D de la Figura 12;
La Figura 15 es una vista en planta desde arriba
de todavía otra realización de una estructura de soporte de acuerdo
con la presente invención;
La Figura 16 es una vista en planta desde arriba
de aún otra realización de una estructura de soporte de acuerdo con
la presente invención;
La Figura 17 es una vista en perspectiva de otra
realización de una estructura de soporte de acuerdo con la presente
invención; y
La Figura 18 es una vista en corte transversal a
través de la línea E-E de la Figura 17.
A continuación se describen detalladamente
realizaciones preferidas de la estructura de soporte que ahora se
describe con referencia a las Figuras de los dibujos, en las que los
números de referencia identifican elementos similares o idénticos.
La estructura de soporte de la invención reivindicada incluye un
material de cierre de heridas contenido dentro de un depósito
definido tal como se indica en la reivindicación 1. La realización
mostrada y descrita con respecto a las figuras 9 y 10 proporciona
dicho depósito y por tanto proporcionan una realización preferida
de la invención reivindicada. Las restantes realizaciones de una
estructura de soporte de la presente invenciones se dan a conocer a
través de la descripción, útil para un entendimiento completo de la
presente invención, pero no proporcionan un depósito que contiene un
material de cierre de heridas tal como se define en la
reivindicación 1.
Refiriéndose inicialmente con detalle a la
Figura 1, se muestra con carácter general con el número 100 una
estructura de soporte de grapado quirúrgico en la forma de un aro de
refuerzo de lumen, de acuerdo con una realización de la presente
invención. El aro 100 de refuerzo incluye un aro anular 102 definido
por un borde terminal exterior 104, un borde terminal interior 106,
una superficie superior 108 y una superficie inferior 110. El borde
terminal interior 106 del aro 100 de refuerzo define una abertura
central 112.
Como se ve en la Figura 1, el aro 100 de
refuerzo está en una relación de cooperación con un aparato grapador
circular 10. El aparato grapador 10 incluye un cuello alargado 12
que tiene un conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas acoplado
operativamente a un extremo del mismo y un conjunto de yunque 16
configurado y destinado a acoplarse de forma retirable al extremo
distal del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas. El conjunto 14 de
cargador de grapas se ha configurado y se destina a expulsar la
agrupación anular de grapas 20 (véase Figura 2) fuera del extremo
distal del mismo. Preferiblemente, el conjunto de cargador 14 de
grapas incluye una pluralidad de hileras anulares de ranuras 18 de
grapa que tienen unas grapas 20 en las mismas. El conjunto de yunque
16 incluye un eje 22 que está destinado a fijarse de manera
liberable dentro del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas y un yunque
24 que está fijado en el eje 22 y orientado para situarse hacia el
extremo distal del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas. El yunque 24
está provisto de una agrupación anular de copas 19 formadoras de
grapas (véase Figura 13), que se conforma al número de hileras
anulares y al número de ranuras 18 de grapa, cuyas copas se
configuran y destinan a formar grapas 20, por ejemplo en una forma
de B, cuando éstas se expulsan del conjunto de cargador 14 de
grapas.
El aro 100 de refuerzo está fijado de forma
liberable a cualquiera del conjunto de yunque 16 o del conjunto de
cargador 14 de grapas. Alternativamente, el conjunto de yunque 16 y
el conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas pueden tener ambos un aro 100
de refuerzo dispuesto sobre los mismos (no mostrado) para proveer un
"sándwich" de tejido/soporte tras la activación y/o el disparo
del aparato grapador 10.
La fijación del aro 100 de refuerzo al aparato
grapador circular 10 debe ser lo suficientemente segura para
impedir que el aro 100 de refuerzo se deslice y salga del aparato
grapador 10, y también no tan fuerte que inhiba la separación del
aro 100 de refuerzo del dispositivo grapador 10 una vez que se ha
activado el dispositivo grapador 10 Dicha fijación liberable puede
efectuarse ventajosamente mediante el empleo de pasadores según se
describe en la patente de EE.UU. Nº 5.542.594 asignada comúnmente.
Se prevé que además se podrían emplear también un adhesivo
liberable, o bien una pluralidad de presillas espaciadas
longitudinalmente (no mostradas en la presente memoria) como los
medios para sujetar el aro 100 de refuerzo al aparato grapador 100.
Se puede emplear también una combinación de pasadores, presillas
y/o adhesivo (o adhesivos). El número y emplazamiento precisos de
pasadores y/o presillas o la magnitud de colocación de continuidad
de puntos o líneas de adhesivo no son críticos siempre que el aro
100 de refuerzo se fije de forma liberable al aparato grapador
10.
Con referencia a las Figuras 1 y 2, a
continuación se describe el método preferido de uso de la estructura
de soporte 100, en una operación quirúrgica de anastomosis. Después
de haber cortado el órgano hueco del paciente (por ejemplo el
intestino), se introduce el conjunto de yunque 16 en un extremo del
tramo seccionado del intestino, usando técnicas quirúrgicas
conocidas, de tal manera que el eje 22 se extienda fuera del extremo
abierto del intestino "B". El conjunto de yunque 16 se sujeta
preferiblemente en posición en el extremo libre del intestino
usando una sutura del tipo de bolsa de tabaco para agarrar el
extremo del órgano hueco alrededor del eje 22. El conjunto de
cargador 14 de grapas del aparato 10, con el aro 100 de refuerzo
acoplado operativamente a la superficie distal del mismo, se
introduce, o bien en otra zona incidida del intestino "B" o
bien en una abertura practicada al paciente, y el extremo libre del
otro tramo seccionado del intestino se sutura en bolsa de tabaco
dejando una pequeña abertura para el paso del eje 22 a través de la
misma.
El eje 22 se hace pasar a través de la pequeña
abertura y se acopla operativamente a un conjunto de cargador 14 de
grapas, y se tira del conjunto de yunque 16 hacia el conjunto de
cargador 14 de grapas. Cuando la distancia entre el conjunto de
cargador 14 de grapas y el conjunto 16 de yunque ha alcanzado un
valor apropiado para la anastomosis, se activa o dispara el aparato
grapador 10. Cuando se dispara el aparato 10, las grapas se
expulsan del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas, de tal manera que
sus patas pasan a través del aro 100 de refuerzo, atraviesan ambos
estratos de intestino suturados en bolsa de tabaco, y se agarran
contra las copas de deformación del yunque. Al mismo tiempo, el
tejido en exceso, radialmente hacia dentro de la línea de grapas más
interna, se secciona con una cuchilla cilíndrica (no mostrada).
La anastomosis resultante tendrá una estructura
de soporte anular (es decir, el aro 100 de refuerzo) en el lugar de
la unión grapada. El aro 100 de refuerzo comunica a la anastomosis
más integridad estructural mediante la provisión efectiva de una
"columna vertebral" que coopera en mantener abierta a la vista
el lumen en la anastomosis.
Se prevé que el aro rígido 100 de refuerzo se
pueda hacer de - o estar constituido por - una malla de grado
quirúrgico. La malla permitiría que las patas de las grapas 20 pasen
libremente a través del aro 100 de refuerzo y al tejido corporal
adyacente del órgano hueco del cuerpo. Se contempla además que el
aro 100 de refuerzo se haga de un material biocompatible no
absorbible (es decir, permanente), tal como, por ejemplo, el
"TEFLÓN", que es una marca comercial registrada propiedad de
DuPont de Nemours & Co, o de un material biocompatible
absorbible. Los materiales biocompatibles son telas, tejidos o no
tejidos. Los materiales bioabsorbibles incluyen los fabricados a
partir de homopolímeros, copolímeros o mezclas obtenidas a partir de
uno o más monómeros seleccionados del grupo consistente en
glucolida, ácido glucólico, lactida, ácido láctico,
p-dioxanona, \alpha-caprolactona
y carbonato de trimetileno. Los materiales no absorbibles incluyen
los que se fabrican a partir de polímeros tales como polietileno,
polipropileno, nailon, tereftalato de polietileno,
politetrafluoretileno, fluoruro de polivinilideno, y materiales
similares. Materiales adicionales no absorbibles incluyen, sin
carácter limitativo, acero inoxidable, titanio y materiales
análogos. Se prefiere que la estructura de soporte anular sea o
esté comprendida por una malla, y es preferible que la malla esté
comprendida por titanio biocompatible y sea rígida, al menos para
impedir la estenosis dirigida radialmente hacia dentro del aro 100
de refuerzo. Como se describe con mayor detalle más adelante, la
malla permite a las patas de la grapa pasar a través del plano de
la estructura de soporte mientras que los vanos traseros de una
pluralidad de grapas enganchan un filamento o unos filamentos de la
malla y no pasan a través del miembro de soporte anular.
Se contempla además que el aro 100 de refuerzo
se haga de - o esté comprendido por - un material bioabsorbible de
grado médico, por ejemplo, ácido poliglicólico (en adelante PGA), y
ácido poliláctico (en adelante PLA). Por ejemplo, es preferible que
el aro 100 de refuerzo permanezca en posición durante
aproximadamente 2-3 semanas, con el fin de que la
anastomosis cicatrice lo suficiente antes de que el aro 100 de
refuerzo sea absorbido en el cuerpo.
Se contempla además que el aro 100 de refuerzo
pueda actuar como una barrera de adherencia, un refuerzo, un
intensificador del crecimiento del tejido, y un elemento similar.
Además, se entenderá que el aro 100 de refuerzo puede tener
incorporado en el mismo y/o sobre el mismo una o más sustancias
quirúrgica y/o médicamente útiles tales como fármacos, enzimas,
factores de crecimiento, péptidos, proteínas, colorantes, agentes de
diagnóstico o agentes hemostáticos o cualquier otro producto
farmacéutico usado en la prevención de la estenosis.
Pasando ahora a las Figuras 3 a 5, se ha
mostrado en general con el número 200 una realización alternativa
de una estructura de soporte en la forma de un aro de refuerzo de
lumen, de acuerdo con la presente invención. El aro 200 de refuerzo
incluye un aro exterior radial 202, un aro interior radial 204 y un
radio 218 de soporte. El aro exterior radial 202 incluye una
superficie terminal exterior 206, una superficie terminal interior
208, una superficie superior 210 y una superficie inferior 212,
respectivamente, que definen un perfil de sección transversal
rectangular como se ve en la Figura 5. Aunque se describe un perfil
rectangular, se contempla que el aro exterior radial 202 pueda
tener un perfil de cualquier sección transversal, tal como, por
ejemplo, circular, ovalada, triangular, arqueada, etc. En una
realización preferida, el aro exterior radial 202 se ha hecho de un
material rígido o, con menos preferencia, de un material semirrígido
que es o bien bioabsorbible o bien no bioabsorbible.
El aro 200 de refuerzo incluye además un aro
interior radial 204 que se extiende integralmente desde la
superficie terminal interior del aro exterior radial 202 y termina
en un borde terminal interior 214. El borde terminal interior 214
del aro 200 de refuerzo define una abertura central 216. Se
contempla que el aro interior radial 204 se haga de - o esté
comprendido por - un material rígido, semirrígido o no rígido que o
bien sea bioabsorbible o bien no sea bioabsorbible. Aunque se
contempla un material no rígido tal como una malla quirúrgica
formada integralmente en el aro exterior anular 202, se prefiere
que el aro interior radial 204 se haga de un material rígido o
semirrígido, con el fin de que el radio 218 de soporte se pueda
fijar firmemente al mismo.
Preferiblemente, el aro exterior radial 202
tiene un diámetro interior un poco mayor que un diámetro exterior
del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas. De esta manera, la estructura
de soporte 200 se puede asentar en el extremo distal del conjunto
de cargador 14 de grapas de tal manera que el aro interior radial
204 se apoye contra la superficie de extremo distal del conjunto de
cargador 14 de grapas. Preferiblemente, el aro interior radial 204
tiene una extensión o anchura radial que es suficiente para al menos
extenderse sobre toda la pluralidad de ranuras de grapas 18 del
conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas. De esta manera, cuando las grapas
se disparan y salen del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas, las
patas de las grapas 20 pasarán a través del aro interior radial
204.
El aro 202 de refuerzo incluye además un radio
218 de soporte que tiene un cubo central 220 dispuesto dentro de
una abertura central 216. Preferiblemente, el cubo central 220 y la
abertura central 216 tienen un eje central común. El cubo central
220 define una abertura central 222 que se extiende a través del
mismo, en el que la abertura central 222 es de un tamaño suficiente
para permitir el paso del eje 22 del conjunto de yunque 16 a través
de la misma. El radio 218 de soporte preferiblemente se extiende en
dirección diametral a través del aro 200 de refuerzo e incluye un
cubo central 220. Preferiblemente, unos brazos 224 de soporte están
fijados al borde terminal interior 214 de tal manera que la
disposición de radio 218 de soporte puede fracturarse y retirarse
de la estructura de soporte 200. Aunque se han mostrado y descrito
un par de brazos 224 de soporte, se contempla y está dentro del
alcance de la presente descripción que se pueden proveer cualquier
número de brazos.
Con referencia a las Figuras 4 y 5, a
continuación se describe el método preferido de uso del aro 200 de
refuerzo, en una operación quirúrgica de anastomosis. Después de
haber cortado el órgano hueco del paciente (por ejemplo el
intestino), se introduce el conjunto de yunque 16 en un extremo de
un tramo seccionado del intestino, usando técnicas quirúrgicas
conocidas, de tal manera que el eje 22 se extiende fuera del extremo
del intestino "B". El conjunto de yunque preferiblemente se
fija en posición en el extremo del intestino mediante el uso de una
sutura en bolsa de tabaco para agarrar el extremo del órgano hueco
alrededor del eje 22. Luego se coloca la estructura de soporte 200
en el eje 22 de tal manera que el eje 22 se introduzca a través de
la abertura central 222 del cubo central 220 del radio 218 de
soporte. Después se introduce el conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas
del aparato 10 o bien en otra zona incidida del intestino o bien en
una abertura practicada en el paciente, y el otro extremo del tramo
seccionado del intestino se sutura en bolsa de tabaco dejando una
pequeña abertura para el paso del eje 22 a través de la misma, como
se ve en la Figura 4.
Se hace pasar el eje 22 a través de la pequeña
abertura y se acopla operativamente al conjunto de cargador 14 de
grapas, y se tira del conjunto de yunque 16 hacia el conjunto de
cargador 14 de grapas. Cuando la distancia entre el conjunto de
cargador 14 de grapas y el conjunto de yunque 16 ha alcanzado un
valor apropiado para la anastomosis, se dispara el aparato
grapador 10. Cuando se dispara el aparato 10, las grapas 20 se
expulsan del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas, de tal manera que
sus patas pasan a través de un primer estrato de tejido intestinal,
atraviesan el aro interior anular 204 y pasan a través de un segundo
estrato de tejido intestinal. Las patas de las grapas 20 se agarran
luego contra las copas 19 conformadoras de yunque. Al mismo tiempo,
el exceso de tejido dirigido radialmente hacia dentro de la línea de
grapas más interior, así como los brazos 224 de soporte
diametralmente opuestos, se seccionan y separan con una cuchilla
cilíndrica (no mostrada) resultando en un lumen intestinal abierta
como se ve en la Figura 5.
El aro 200 de refuerzo ayuda a mantener abierta
el lumen del órgano hueco (es decir, del intestino) a lo largo del
tiempo y a contrarrestar los efectos de la estenosis. Con el aro
interior radial 204 sujeto al órgano hueco al que se le ha
practicado la anastomosis, el aro exterior radial 206 actúa como un
refuerzo para prevenir el aplastamiento del órgano hueco que ha
sufrido la anastomosis debido a la estenosis. En otras palabras,
como el órgano corporal hueco está anclado al aro interior radial
204 del aro 200 de refuerzo, cuando el órgano corporal hueco tiende
a retraerse hacia dentro debido a la estenosis, el aro 200 de
refuerzo conserva su forma (es decir, contrarrestando de un modo
efectivo el esfuerzo detracción dirigido radialmente hacia dentro
del órgano corporal hueco que ha sufrido la estenosis), manteniendo
de ese modo abierta el lumen a través del órgano corporal
hueco.
Pasando ahora a las Figuras 6 a 8, se muestra en
general con el número 300 una realización alternativa de una
estructura de soporte en la forma de un aro de refuerzo de lumen, de
acuerdo con la presente invención. El aro 300 de refuerzo incluye
un aro anular 302 que tiene una sección transversal rectangular como
se ve en la Figura 7. Cuando se usa una estructura de soporte que
tiene una sección transversal rectangular, se contempla que una
grapadora quirúrgica 10 tiene un reborde anular exterior, un reborde
anular interior o ambos extendiéndose desde o en el extremo distal
de la misma (no mostrado). De acuerdo con ello, los rebordes
anulares interior y/o exterior aseguran que el aro 300 de refuerzo
está adecuadamente asentado en el extremo de la grapadora
quirúrgica 10.
Aunque en la Figura 7 se ha mostrado una sección
transversal generalmente rectangular, se contempla que el aro
anular 302 del aro 300 de refuerzo puede tener un perfil de sección
transversal generalmente triangular como se ve en la Figura 8.
Preferiblemente, se usa una estructura de soporte que tiene un
perfil de sección transversal triangular, en unión de un conjunto
de cargador de grapas que tiene una superficie distal que se
estrecha progresivamente para cooperar y acoplarse con una
superficie estrechada progresivamente del aro 300 de refuerzo, así
como un yunque que tiene una superficie proximal estrechada
progresivamente para cooperar y acoplarse con la superficie opuesta
de la estructura de soporte a usar. De acuerdo con ello, cuando se
tira del conjunto de yunque hacia el conjunto de cargador de
grapas, las superficies estrechadas progresivamente cooperan entre
sí para causar que la estructura de soporte se alinee centralmente
de un modo automático en el extremo de la grapadora quirúrgica.
Preferiblemente, como se ve en la Figura 8, el
aro anular 302 tiene un espesor mayor en el borde terminal exterior
y un espesor menor en el borde terminal interior del mismo. Sin
embargo, se contempla que la estructura de soporte pueda tener un
aro anular en el que el borde terminal interior tenga un espesor
mayor que el borde terminal exterior.
Refiriéndose ahora a las Figuras 9 y 10, se
muestra en general con el número 400 una realización de una
estructura de soporte que forma una realización preferida de la
invención reivindicada en la forma de un aro de refuerzo de lumen.
El aro 400 de refuerzo incluye un aro radial 402 que tiene una pared
exterior radial 404, una pared interior radial 406 y una pared
superior y una pared inferior 408 y 410, respectivamente, que unen
entre sí la pared exterior radial 404 y la pared interior radial
406. La pared interior radial 406 define una abertura central 416
practicada en la misma. La pared exterior radial 404, la pared
interior radial 406, la pared superior 408 y la pared inferior 410
definen un depósito 412. Preferiblemente, las paredes superior e
inferior 408 y 410 tienen una anchura que es al menos igual o un
poco mayor que la anchura de la pluralidad de hileras de grapas del
conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas.
En una realización preferida, el depósito 412
contiene en el mismo una cantidad de adhesivo biológico. Aunque se
ha dicho que el depósito 412 contiene un adhesivo biológico, se
contempla que el depósito 412 pueda contener en el mismo cualquier
tipo de material "W" de cierre de heridas. Se prevé que el
material "W" de cierre de heridas puede incluir uno o una
combinación de adhesivos, hemostáticos, y materiales de cierre
hermético. Los materiales quirúrgicos biocompatibles de cierre de
heridas que se pueden retener en el depósito 412 incluyen
adhesivos cuya función es fijar o sujetar órganos, tejidos o
estructuras, materiales de cierre hermético para prevenir fugas de
fluidos, y hemostáticos para detener o prevenir hemorragias. Los
ejemplos de adhesivos que se pueden emplear incluyen materiales
derivados de proteínas, materiales adhesivos basados en aldehídos,
por ejemplo, los materiales de albúmina/glutaral disponibles en el
comercio que vende Cryolife, Inc. con la designación comercial
de BioGlue^{TM}, y los materiales con base de cianoacrilato que
venden Tyco Healthcare Group, LP y Ethicon Endosurgery, Inc. con
las designaciones comerciales Indermil^{TM} y Derma Bond^{TM},
respectivamente. Los ejemplos de materiales de cierre hermético que
se pueden emplear incluyen materiales de cierre hermético de
fibrinógeno y materiales de tejido de cierre hermético basados en
colágeno y basados en polímeros sintéticos. Son ejemplos de
materiales de cierre hermético disponibles comercialmente son los
materiales sintéticos basados en polietilenglicol, y materiales de
hidrogel que vende Cohesion Technologies y Baxter International,
Inc. con la designación comercial de CoSealTM. Ejemplos de
materiales hemostáticos que se pueden emplear incluyen hemostáticos
tópicos basados en fibrinógeno, basados en colágeno, basados en
celulosa oxidada regenerada y basados en gelatina. Ejemplos de
materiales hemostáticos comercialmente disponibles son materiales
de combinación de fibrinógeno y trombina que vende Tyco Healthcare
Group, LP, con la designación comercial CoStasis^{TM} y Baxter
International, Inc. con la designación comercial de Tisseel^{TM}.
Los hemostáticos de la presente memoria incluyen estípticos, por
ejemplo, sulfato de aluminio, y coagulantes.
El método preferido de uso del aro 400 de
refuerzo es similar al método de uso de la estructura de soporte
100, y solamente se describirá con detalle hasta la amplitud
necesaria para identificar las diferencias entre los mismos.
De acuerdo con ello, cuando se dispara el
aparato 10, las grapas 20 se expulsan del conjunto de cargador 14
de grapas, atraviesan un primer estrato de tejido intestinal, pasan
a través de las paredes superior e inferior 408, 410,
respectivamente, liberando de ese modo material "W" de cierre
de heridas contenido en el depósito 412 del aro 400 de refuerzo, y
atraviesan un segundo estrato de tejido intestinal. Las patas de las
grapas 20 se agarran entonces contra las copas de deformación de
yunque. Al mismo tiempo, el exceso de tejido situado radialmente
hacia dentro de la línea de grapas más interior, así como los brazos
424 de soporte diametralmente opuestos, son seccionados con una
cuchilla cilíndrica (no mostrada), resultando en un lumen
intestinal abierta como se ve en la Figura 5.
Se contempla que el aro 400 de refuerzo se pueda
fabricar sin un radio 218 de soporte. En dicha realización, el aro
anular 402 se puede configurar y dimensionar de tal manera que la
pared exterior anular 404 es radialmente más ancha que el extremo
distal del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas, y la pared interior
anular 406 es radialmente menos ancha que el extremo distal del
conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas. De esta manera, el aro 400 de
refuerzo se configura y dimensiona para asentar en el extremo
distal del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas de tal manera que las
paredes superior e inferior 408, 410, respectivamente, se superponen
a la superficie de extremo distal del conjunto de cargador 14 de
grapas.
Preferiblemente, el depósito 412 está
herméticamente cerrado con un material penetrable y/o rompible de
pata de grapa, tal como, por ejemplo, una película o membrana
delgada.
Opcionalmente, el depósito 412 se puede dividir
en cualquier número de depósitos mediante la provisión de unas
paredes divisorias anulares 414 dispuestas entre la pared exterior
anular 404 y la pared interior anular 406. De esta manera, el aro
400 de refuerzo puede retener más de un material "W" de cierre
de heridas, tal como, por ejemplo, una combinación de un adhesivo,
un estíptico y/o un hemostático.
Preferiblemente. alguna parte de la estructura
de soporte de la invención, con preferencia la pared exterior
anular 404 y/o la pared anular interior, se fabrican de un material
rígido que incluye, pero no se limita a, acero inoxidable y
titanio.
Pasando ahora a la Figura 11, se muestra en
general con el número 500 una realización alternativa de una
estructura de soporte. Como se ve en la Figura 11, la estructura de
soporte 500 es de la forma de un aro anular triangular o con
dibujos de forma de onda que tiene unas crestas periféricas 502 y
unos valles 504 radialmente interiores unidos por patas 506. Como
se ve en la vista en planta desde arriba, una pluralidad de patas
506 atraviesan o intersecan preferiblemente una parte central (que
no es desde donde se expulsan las patas de las grapas 20) o una
pluralidad de, preferiblemente cada una de las ranuras 18 de grapa
del cargador. En uso, la estructura de soporte 500 se coloca
contra y/o se sitúa para superponerse y fijarse liberablemente a la
superficie de extremo distal del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas,
de tal manera que las grapas 20 se formen alrededor de las patas
506 cuando se disparen del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas.
Pasando ahora a las Figuras 12 a 14, se muestra
con el número 500a una modificación más rígida y más preferida de
la estructura de soporte 500. La estructura de soporte 500a se
presenta en una posición tendida sobre la superficie de extremo
distal del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas. Como se ve en la
Figura 12, las crestas 502 están unidas mediante una banda
periférica radialmente exterior 508, y los valles 504 están unidos
por una banda periférica radialmente interior 510. La estructura de
soporte 500a incluye preferiblemente al menos uno, preferiblemente
una pluralidad de miembros 511 de orientación de cargador, que en la
presente memoria se muestran, por ejemplo, como unos salientes o
protuberancias 514 que penden del brazo 512 fijado y que se
extienden radialmente hacia dentro de la banda periférica exterior
508. Las protuberancias 514 podrían en su lugar, o también,
sobresalir de las patas 506, crestas 502, valles 504, y/o de la
banda periférica interior 510.
Como se ve en las Figuras 13 y 14, cada miembro
511 de orientación de cargador incluye un brazo 512 que se extiende
radialmente hacia dentro desde la banda periférica exterior 508 y
una protuberancia 513 que se extiende hacia el conjunto de cargador
14 de grapas con el fin de encajar en al menos uno, preferiblemente
en una pluralidad, de rebajos o depresiones 516 practicados en la
superficie de extremo distal del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas.
Preferiblemente, las protuberancias 514 se han configurado y
dimensionado para complementar a los rebajos 516 y crear un
acoplamiento de ajuste por fricción y/o de un ajuste de resorte
entre los mismos. Las protuberancias 514 cooperan con los rebajos
516 para unir la estructura de soporte 500a a la superficie más
distal del conjunto de cargador 14. Las protuberancias 514 y los
rebajos 516 orientan o alinean también radial y
circunferencialmente la estructura de soporte 500a sobre la
superficie de extremo distal del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas,
de tal manera que las patas 506 se extienden transversalmente,
cortan transversalmente o intersecan las ranuras 18 de grapa.
Como se ve en las Figuras 12 y 13, las patas
506, que se extienden entre la banda radialmente exterior 508 y la
banda radialmente interior 510, están orientadas de tal manera que
al menos una pata 506, preferiblemente una pluralidad de patas 506,
se extiendan transversalmente sobre las ranuras 18 de grapa
practicadas en el conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas. De acuerdo con
ello, como se ve en las Figuras 13 y 14, cuando se disparan las
grapas 20, las patas de las grapas 20 forman contra las copas 19
formadoras de grapa alrededor de la pata (o patas) 506 y sujetan la
estructura de soporte 500a al tejido "T". En particular, las
patas de las grapas 20 entran en los espacios intersticiales 518,
definidos por las patas 506, banda exterior 508 y banda interior
510 de la estructura de soporte 500a, de una manera sin
obstrucciones.
Preferiblemente, la banda radialmente exterior
508 y la banda radialmente interior 510 se fabrican de un material
rígido (por ejemplo, acero inoxidable, titanio, etc. Las patas 506
de la estructura de soporte 500a se pueden formar de un material no
rígido (por ejemplo Teflón, nailon y materiales similares) mientras
que las patas 506 de la estructura de soporte 500 se forman
preferiblemente de un material rígido (por ejemplo, acero
inoxidable, titanio, etc.).
Pasando ahora a la Figura 15, se muestra una
estructura de soporte 500b modificada con respecto a la estructura
de soporte 500a. La estructura de soporte 500b incluye una
agrupación radial de patas 506b, todas ellas orientadas
sustancialmente en la misma dirección radial. Las patas 506b están
orientadas entre las bandas exterior e interior 508, 510,
respectivamente, de tal manera que las patas 506b cruzan
transversalmente sobre las ranuras 18 de grapa practicadas en el
conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas. En esta realización, las patas
506b se fabrican preferiblemente de un material rígido.
Pasando ahora a la Figura 16, se muestra en 500c
otra estructura de soporte modificada. La estructura de soporte
500c incluye una agrupación radial de patas 506' que se cortan
transversalmente orientadas entre las bandas exterior e interior
508, 510, respectivamente, de tal manera que, cuando la estructura
de soporte 500c está adecuadamente alineada, las patas 506c'
atraviesan las ranuras 18 de grapa. La estructura de soporte 500c
incluye además una pluralidad de patas 506'' en derivación con las
ranuras, orientadas entre las bandas exterior e interior 508, 510,
respectivamente, de tal manera que, cuando la estructura de soporte
500c está adecuadamente alineada, las patas 506c'' no atraviesan las
ranuras 18 de grapa.
Pasando ahora a las Figuras 17 y 18, se muestra
en 500d otra estructura de soporte modificada. La estructura de
soporte 500d incluye un aro anular 530 que incluye al menos una,
preferiblemente un par de hileras anulares de ranuras 532 de grapa
de aro. Preferiblemente, las ranuras 532 de grapa de aro están en
unas posiciones sustancialmente idénticas que las ranuras 18 de
grapa del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas (véase Figura 1). El
aro anular 530 se fabrica preferiblemente de un material rígido tal
como, por ejemplo, acero inoxidable y/o titanio.
La estructura de soporte 500d incluye también
preferiblemente una película o membrana anular 534 provista sobre
una superficie, preferiblemente la superficie 536 proximal que mira
al cargador. La membrana 534 preferiblemente tapa las ranuras 534
de grapa de aro. Convenientemente, las membranas 534 se hacen de
Teflón; sin embargo, se contempla que se puedan usar otros
materiales, tales como, por ejemplo, cualquiera de los materiales
anteriormente mencionados. Convenientemente, se puede emplear una
malla rígida, semirrígida o flexible en lugar de o en combinación
con la membrana 534.
La estructura de soporte 500d incluye además al
menos uno, preferiblemente una pluralidad de, miembros de
orientación 538 (véase Figura 18) que se extienden desde la
superficie 536 del aro anular 530. Los miembros de orientación 538
son preferiblemente salientes y/o protuberancias que se extienden
desde la superficie 536 del aro anular 530, y están configurados y
dimensionados para encajar (por ejemplo, por fricción, por ajuste
de resorte, etc.) en los rebajos 516 (véanse Figuras 12 a 14)
practicados en la superficie más distal del conjunto de cargador 14
de grapas.
En uso, el aro anular 530 se coloca sobre la
superficie más distal del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas de tal
manera que la membrana 534 esté en contacto con la superficie más
distal del conjunto de cargador 14 de grapas. De acuerdo con ello,
cuando se disparan las grapas 20, las patas de las grapas 20
penetran la membrana 534 y forman contra las copas conformadoras
19, capturando la membrana 534 y de ese modo sujetando el aro
anular 530 al tejido "T".
Aunque se ha mostrado y descrito la estructura
de soporte 500d teniendo una membrana 534 provista en el lado de
contacto del cargador de grapas del aro anular 530, se contempla
que, dentro del alcance de la presente descripción, se puede
proveer la membrana 534 en el lado contrario al lado de contacto del
cargador de grapas del aro anular 530, o que se puede proveer una
membrana 534 en ambos lados del aro anular 530.
Cada una de las estructuras de soporte
anteriormente descritas está configurada y destinada a ayudar en la
prevención o supresión de la incidencia de estenosis del lugar
sometido a anastomosis.
Aunque la descripción anterior se refiere en
general a la anastomosis de intestinos, es evidente que las
estructuras de soporte de acuerdo con la presente invención se
pueden utilizar en conexión con la anastomosis de un órgano
corporal hueco de cualquier tipo.
Además, aunque la estructura de soporte se ha
descrito en la presente memoria en relación con ciertas
realizaciones y determinados detalles estructurales y de
procedimiento, es evidente que los expertos en la técnica pueden
usar cambios, modificaciones o equivalentes. Por tanto, la
descripción anterior debería ser interpretada como
ejemplificaciones de realizaciones preferidas. Los expertos en la
técnica contemplarán otras modificaciones dentro del alcance de la
presente invención.
Claims (16)
1. Una estructura rígida de soporte (400), para
usar conjuntamente con un instrumento grapador endoscópico circular
(10) que tiene un conjunto de cargador (14) de grapas y un conjunto
de yunque (16), cuyo conjunto de cargador de grapas tiene al menos
una disposición anular de ranuras (18) de grapa y unas grapas (20)
situadas en las ranuras, en la que la estructura de soporte
mantiene un lumen resultante de una anastomosis en una condición
abierta, comprendiendo la estructura de soporte:
- un aro anular rígido (402) configurado y destinado a superponerse sustancialmente a la al menos una disposición anular de grapas del conjunto de cargador de grapas, cuyo aro anular comprende:
- una pared anular exterior (404) que tiene un diámetro;
- una pared anular interior (406) separada una distancia radial hacia dentro de la pared anular exterior y que define un espacio;
- una pared superior (408) que une entre sí la pared anular exterior y la pared anular interior; y
- una pared inferior (410) separada una distancia de la pared superior y que une entre sí la pared anular exterior y la pared anular interior, definiendo la pared anular exterior, la pared anular interior y las paredes superior e inferior un depósito interior (412); y
- un material (W) de cierre de heridas contenido en el depósito.
2. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con la
reivindicación 1, en la que el diámetro de la pared anular exterior
es sustancialmente igual a un diámetro exterior del conjunto de
cargador de grapas, y en la que el diámetro de la pared anular
interior está dirigido radialmente hacia dentro de la al menos una
disposición anular de grapas.
3. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en la que el aro
anular tiene un perfil de sección transversal seleccionado del grupo
consistente en perfil circular, rectilíneo, ovalado, triangular y
arqueado.
4. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, que comprende
además un radio (418) de soporte unido integralmente a y que se
extiende en dirección diametral a través de la pared anular
interior.
5. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en la que el
conjunto de yunque incluye un eje alargado (22), y en la que el
radio de soporte incluye un círculo central (420) que tiene una
abertura axial central (422) formada a través del mismo, en la que
la abertura axial central está configurada y dimensionada para
recibir a través de la misma al eje del conjunto de yunque.
6. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en la que el
material de cierre de heridas es al menos uno de un adhesivo, un
hemostático y un material sellante o de cierre hermético.
7. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con la
reivindicación 6, en la que el adhesivo se selecciona del grupo que
consiste en materiales derivados de proteínas, materiales de
albúmina/glutaral, y materiales basados en cianoacrilato.
8. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con la
reivindicación 6, en la que el material de cierre hermético se
selecciona del grupo que consiste en materiales basados en
fibrinógeno, materiales basados en colágenos, materiales sintéticos
basados en polímeros,, materiales sintéticos basados en
polietilenglicol, y materiales de hidrogel.
9. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con la
reivindicación 6, en la que el hemostático se selecciona del grupo
que consiste en materiales basados en fibrinógeno, materiales
basados en colágenos, materiales basados en celulosa oxidada
regenerada, y materiales de una combinación de fibrinógeno y
trombina.
10. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en la que al menos
una de la pared exterior anular y de la pared interior anular está
comprendida por un material rígido.
11. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en la que el
material rígido es seleccionado del grupo que consta de acero
inoxidable y titanio.
12. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en la que el
material rígido es un material bioabsorbible.
13. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en la que el aro
anular rígido incluye una pluralidad de espacios intersticiales
(518) que se extienden a través del mismo, cuyos espacios se han
configurado y destinado a permitir que las patas de las grapas pasen
a través de los espacios.
14. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en la que el aro
anular rígido tiene una pluralidad de miembros de orientación de
cargador (511) destinados a orientar los espacios de la estructura
anular de soporte para superponerse radial y circunferencialmente a
las ranuras de grapa del conjunto de cargador de grapas.
15. La estructura de soporte de acuerdo con
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en la que los
miembros de orientación de cargador son una pluralidad de nudos o
protuberancias (514) que se extienden desde la misma, en la que los
nudos o protuberancias están separados entre sí y están destinados
y configurados para encajar en unos rebajes complementarios (516)
practicados en una superficie de extremo distal del conjunto de
cargador de grapas.
16. Un instrumento de grapado endoscópico
circular (10) que tiene un conjunto de cargador de grapas (14), y
un conjunto de yunque (16), teniendo el conjunto de cargador de
grapas al menos una disposición anular de ranuras de grapas (18) y
grapas (20) colocadas en las ranuras, comprendiendo el instrumento
además una estructura rígida de soporte (400) de acuerdo con una
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes unida de manera
liberable al conjunto de yunque o al conjunto de cargador de
grapas.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US38956702P | 2002-06-17 | 2002-06-17 | |
| US389567P | 2002-06-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2327768T3 true ES2327768T3 (es) | 2009-11-03 |
Family
ID=29736656
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| ES03742074T Expired - Lifetime ES2268384T3 (es) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-17 | Estructuras anulares de soporte. |
| ES10006624T Expired - Lifetime ES2383252T3 (es) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-17 | Estructuras anulares de soporte |
| ES10006625T Expired - Lifetime ES2426719T3 (es) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-17 | Estructuras de soporte anular |
| ES09161658T Expired - Lifetime ES2366425T3 (es) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-17 | Estructuras anulares de soporte. |
| ES06016962T Expired - Lifetime ES2327768T3 (es) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-17 | Estruturas anulares de soporte. |
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| ES03742074T Expired - Lifetime ES2268384T3 (es) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-17 | Estructuras anulares de soporte. |
| ES10006624T Expired - Lifetime ES2383252T3 (es) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-17 | Estructuras anulares de soporte |
| ES10006625T Expired - Lifetime ES2426719T3 (es) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-17 | Estructuras de soporte anular |
| ES09161658T Expired - Lifetime ES2366425T3 (es) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-17 | Estructuras anulares de soporte. |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (4) | EP2228018B1 (es) |
| JP (3) | JP4551214B2 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2009200795B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2489328C (es) |
| DE (2) | DE60307637T2 (es) |
| ES (5) | ES2268384T3 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2003105698A2 (es) |
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- 2003-06-17 EP EP03742074A patent/EP1515645B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-17 ES ES03742074T patent/ES2268384T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-17 ES ES10006624T patent/ES2383252T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-17 ES ES10006625T patent/ES2426719T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-17 WO PCT/US2003/019331 patent/WO2003105698A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-06-17 ES ES09161658T patent/ES2366425T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-17 DE DE60307637T patent/DE60307637T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-17 EP EP10006625.7A patent/EP2228019B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-17 EP EP09161658A patent/EP2087844B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-17 ES ES06016962T patent/ES2327768T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-17 CA CA2489328A patent/CA2489328C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-17 JP JP2004512613A patent/JP4551214B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-17 US US10/516,435 patent/US7744627B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-17 DE DE60327907T patent/DE60327907D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2007
- 2007-10-16 US US11/872,778 patent/US7951166B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2009
- 2009-02-27 AU AU2009200795A patent/AU2009200795B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-08-17 JP JP2009188722A patent/JP5054740B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-11-24 US US12/624,715 patent/US8192460B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2011
- 2011-02-07 US US13/021,809 patent/US8257391B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-02 JP JP2011241706A patent/JP2012071147A/ja active Pending
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2012
- 2012-08-14 US US13/585,385 patent/US8551138B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2013
- 2013-09-10 US US14/022,328 patent/US9351729B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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