ES2325368T3 - COATING DEVICE. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a covering construction in a flexible device for covering heaped or stacked material, in particular for the aerobic treatment of organic-containing waste, for example residual waste or domestic refuse, in a compost heap. The covering construction has a cover which comprises a number of support elements which can be filled with at least one fluid and are connected to one another at least in part, and also at least one waterproof and gas-permeable sheet which is connected to the support elements. The device forms an erected state and a lowered state, depending on whether the support elements are filled or not. The sheet covers the material and undergoes a raising and lowering process via the filling and emptying of the support elements.

Description

Coating device

The invention relates to a structure in a flexible device to cover extended or stacked material, especially for aerobic waste treatment that they contain organic matter such as, for example, waste from waste or household waste forming a compost pile.

In the waste treatment sector, know various devices and procedures for drying and degradation of biological components of municipal waste solid. A known device has a closed system and includes composting in wrapping bodies, containers or boxes constructively closed. In these closed systems they result disadvantageous the high investment costs in the acquisition of such a device, as well as the costs that occur in relation to with the evacuation and purification of stale air that is generated in The inside of the system.

Another simpler device comprises the Open composting in opencast compost piles. Without However, in this case there are problems with the control of the emission of germs and odors because all the gases that are generate can escape freely into the atmosphere. To solve this problem, for some years canvases are being used permeable large surface covering lids completely compost piles. The permeability of these coatings is selected in such a way that the stack of compost can be actively ventilated and at the same time offered protection against the emission of germs and odors. By way of example, patent DE 4231414 C2 describes a coating for a compost pile with a laminated membrane, waterproof and gas permeable. However, such coatings have Various disadvantages. On the one hand, placement and coating of compost piles are made deferred in the time, that is, first the battery must be fully placed before the coating can be put on it. This leads to unwanted emissions while the battery is open, not covered, It is subject to free air flow. In addition, for the withdrawal of the battery, the battery cover must be removed, so that the devices for withdrawal have free access to the battery compost and do not cause damage to the coating. The withdrawal of Coating in turn leads to unwanted emissions. For other part, due to laborious manipulation at least partially manual on the placement and removal of the covering canvas It is a considerable need for labor. The manipulation it becomes even more difficult due to the high height of the material of the battery In addition, weights at the edges to retain the canvas of coating such as, for example, full fire hoses of water or sandbags, must be removed and then placed again. Also when rolling machines are used mechanically, advantageously at least two people are required. In addition, in the winding and unwinding of the covering canvas damage to the canvas material may occur, which reduces Strongly the functionality of the coating canvas, especially when it comes to a sheet material. From the work safety point of view, work with Coating tarps on compost piles is not lacking Problems for the staff in charge. On the one hand, at the time of accessing the battery and walking on it there is a risk of accidents On the other hand, in the case of an uncapped battery, the personnel have direct contact with the material to be covered and the emerging emissions, which represents a health risk of staff

In an improvement, the compost boxes are cover. In the case of the box with a folding roof described in the utility model DE 29616788 U1 is planned a structure deck that is equipped with water-tight laminates and air permeable. However, the box with a folding roof requires expensive materials for the walls and the structure of cover. In addition, since the collapsible roof must remain open to allow a sufficient step height for the operation of a wheel loader, the emission problem during the filling and emptying process. As emissions, the output of powders should be understood as a whole, aerosols, odors, germs, fungal spores, seeds and Similar.

The object of the present invention is, by Thus, an improved coating for extended or stacked material with cover sheets that provide easier handling and careful of the covering canvas.

It is also an object to reduce the emission of odors and germs during placement and removal of batteries waste containing organic matter.

It is also the object of the present invention to give to know an economical and inexpensive coating for material extended or stacked that overcomes the disadvantages of the state of the technique indicated above.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1 as well as by the features of the claim of device 21 and of process claim 43. The dependent claims indicate advantageous embodiments of the invention.

The objective is achieved through a structure coating for extended or stacked materials; the coating structure presents a coating canvas formed by a number of support elements that can be filled with at least one fluid and connected at least in part, as well as at least one waterproof and gas permeable sheet, the sheet being connected with the support elements.

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The coating structure forms a device that can be mounted flexibly for the aerobic treatment of extended or stacked material in which the Coating structure covers the material. The device It has a raised state and a lowered state.

The raised status of the device is realized by means of the support elements filled with at least one fluid a Pressure. In this way, the sheet is lifted and it is arranged at a certain distance from the material. In the state raised, the covering structure forms an enclosure or space, in which the material to be covered can be extended or stacked. Particularly, in the raised state the sheet forms a space passable around the material.

In the lowered state, the support elements essentially they do not contain fluid, that is, the elements have draining at least one fluid, so that the sheet is lowering and covering the material. Then the covering canvas rest on the material like a pile coating habitual.

The coating structure according to the invention is directly fixed to the ground by means of corresponding devices or is found as a structure cover over or on the surrounding walls corresponding.

To lift the covering structure the  support elements are filled with at least one fluid. The fluid that fills the support elements can be a gas, a steam, a liquid or a gas and a liquid. This means that the elements of support can be filled with at least one gas or at least one liquid or with at least one gas and at least one liquid. The elements of support are configured at least impervious to gases Filling is done under pressure, so that the elements support stand in a three-dimensional structure such as, For example, a ship. The at least one watertight laminar structure water and gas permeable, fixed in the elements of support, also rises with the support elements.

The size of the structure is chosen in such a way that a space with sufficient height is formed so that the collection of the material to be removed can be made by a loader of wheels, feeding or transport belts, or machines similar transport. After the battery has been inserted, it removes the at least one fluid from the support elements by maximum possible, so that the structure collapses in a controlled way on itself and covers the pile. With the help of some mechanisms collected the water-tight and gas-permeable sheet place in correct position on the surface of the pile. To its Once, to empty the battery, the device is brought back to the less temporarily to the raised state.

With structure and flexible device according to the invention a simple, economical manipulation is performed and careful of the covering canvas. Coating canvas It is formed by the combination of the support elements and the waterproof and gas permeable sheet. By filling and the emptying of the support elements the sheet experiences a careful rise and fall process. This upload process and descent replaces laborious procedures that wear out the material, consisting of the collection or the complete winding and the unfolded of the covering canvas in the state of the art. In addition, for the placement and removal of the compost pile without it is necessary to remove the cover canvas completely, they can used wheel loaders or other transport machines. In instead the sheet rises, and the space that is formed from this way is passable by machines, such as loaders of wheels, which introduce material. With this the structure according to the invention can remain in the same place and does not need, as is The case of the known coating canvas, be packed in a way laborious and moved to place and remove the stack of compost.

The device according to the invention brings together the advantages of a closed system with the advantages of coating Simple for known batteries. On the one hand, in the state raised, the device also remains largely closed Regarding the environment. This is because the device sheet according to the invention in the raised state is laid around of the compost pile and in the lowered state it rests on the pile of compost or is collected around the stack, so that the Pile is always surrounded by the sheet. In this way, the air contaminated is largely inside the device according to the invention. Only in the raised state, the device will temporarily open on one side for placement or removal of  material to cover. Contrary to the full discovery of material according to the state of the art, during opening lateral temporal an emission to the environment takes place, such as a emission of odors and germs, strongly reduced. Further, for the first time in a coating of a battery can be installed a vacuum device for, in the raised state, to capture by vacuum the emissions eventually displaced by the wheel loader traffic and drive them to the device stale air purifier. Moreover, the device allows a very mechanized introduction and extraction of the material to cover with a minimum of labor, in view of the fact that most of the Sometimes only one person with a wheel loader is required, or the space can be filled and emptied by feeding tapes Automated With this the staff no longer comes into direct contact with the material to be covered, which means an improvement in the Work safety

On the other hand, in the lowered state, the device according to the invention corresponds to a coating of common battery The sheet rests directly on the material a cover and allows the evacuation of water vapor to the environment through of the sheet. In addition, the direct rest of the structure in the compost stack causes the device set to be less vulnerable to the wind.

At the same time, the sheet acts as a barrier to Inward and outward protection. To him inside, the sheet protects against water ingress and against the drying in the case of intense solar irradiation. To him outer sheet protects against the emission emission of germs and odors and, based on their gas permeability, get the CO2 generated in the device by degradation aerobic can leave through the sheet without a build up of pressure in the sheet.

In one embodiment, the structure of coating has at least one fluid inlet to fill the support elements at a pressure such that the sheet can be raised by the support elements. The structure of coating also has at least one fluid outlet for the emptying of the support elements, so that the structure is You can lower using the support elements. The the minus one, fluid inlet is an opening in at least one of the support elements and ensures feeding with at least one pressurized fluid For this, the fluid inlet is connected to a fan or compressor that pushes the at least one fluid to pressure into the support elements. Each element of Support can present a separate fluid inlet. So preferably, there is a fluid inlet in one of the elements of support and corresponding fluid distributors between support elements.

The at least one fluid outlet may be a  conventional valve that is also found in at least one of The support elements. In one embodiment, each Support element has its own valve.

In another embodiment, the input of fluid is both the fluid outlet. In this case, the emptying of the support elements are done passively by the fan or actively by operating in mode fan suction.

In conjunction with the sheet, the structure of covering forms a closed space on top of the material passable. Walkable space means that space is formed in such a way that people and / or can access it by the same they can transit vehicles of any type, to move the material in or out of it. This means that the space has a sufficient height and width. In one embodiment, the space has a height of at minus 6 m above the ground. Closed space means that the canvas of coating, that is, the support elements and the sheet, they are tensioned by the rise in such a way that they conform walls and / or a cover, so that the material is completely surrounded by the covering canvas also in the been raised and does not come into direct contact with the environment. Additionally, the device has at least one opening liable to be closed, through which the material can be transported in or out of space. This opening it only opens briefly when it moves into space, but it remains otherwise closed so that the inside of the space does not have direct contact with the environment.

Through the process of raising and lowering the sheet can be adjusted a variable distance between the material to cover and foil. As required, this distance can be chosen in such a way that the structure is arranged tightly on and around the material, to enable a Optimal degradation process of organic components. The distance can also be chosen in such a way that a high and passable space around the material, so that the material can move in or out of space. By For example, the distance between the raised sheet and the material can be at least 2 m.

Preferably, the waterproof sheet and Gas permeable is a laminate with a porous layer bonded to the less a textile layer. The use of a textile laminate is especially advantageous since the porous layer, apart from the high water tightness and simultaneous permeability to gases, is especially suitable for the simultaneous retention of emissions, such as, for example, odors and germs. Preferably, the porous layer is a microporous membrane.

The gas permeable sheet has a water vapor resistance of less than 20 m 2 Pa / W and guarantees high water vapor passage through of the sheet. The low resistance to the passage of water vapor enables the drying of wet material and the evacuation of water from existing process Further dilution is effectively prevented and an agglomeration of the material. In addition, the sheet has a air permeability between 3 and 100m3 / m2 / h with a pressure differential of 200 Pa. This step of water vapor well such as air permeability ensure that the material to be covered is sufficiently ventilated, that is, sufficiently fed with oxygen, and that reaction products can escape without pressure build-up. In addition, the sheet is waterproof against water at a water inlet pressure greater than 10 kPa. This guarantees protection against a water dilution of rain.

The support elements are at least partly  connected to each other. Preferably, the support elements are connected to each other in such a way that they have a section common transverse that can be crossed by a flow. In another embodiment, the support elements are connected to each other through a fluid distributor. This way, only one unit is needed, such as a fan, which fills all the support elements of the structure according to the invention with at least one fluid. Another way of realization foresees that, although the support elements are linked together, each support element presents its own unit filling.

In a preferred embodiment the Support elements are tubes. In one embodiment the tubes can be swollen with a gas, preferably with air, in in which case the fan merely feeds the tubes with air environmental. The use of air is especially economical. For achieve sufficient stability in the raised state, the minus one, fluid must be fed to the support elements to a sufficient pressure, so that preferably there is a internal overpressure of 200 Pa. In a subsequent form of embodiment, the pressure is at least 10 kPa, preferably 12 kPa. The tubes have a diameter greater than 80 cm; preferably The diameter is about 100 cm. If the stability of the tubes, of course you can also work with a diameter of smaller tube at a higher pressure.

The support elements have a face upper and lower face, the inner face being directed towards the material to cover and the face superior to the surroundings. The blade it is preferably connected to the underside of the elements of support. In this way, the waterproof structure and gas permeable is arranged directly on the surface of the material to cover and provides a high water vapor and gas permeability. At the same time, in the case of a partially coarse bulk material, the elements of support cannot be hooked with it.

In the raised state of the device according to the invention, the coating structure preferably forms a roof sector and a wall sector, the sheet at least in the deck sector. In most of the cases the use of the sheet in the roof sector is enough since in the lowered state mainly just rest on the material to cover the cover sector with the sheet there existing. Contrary to this, in the lowered state the structure Coating essentially folds into your wall sector around the stack and therefore cannot act actively About the material to cover. With this embodiment, you can save in the amount of material for the waterproof sheet and gas permeable, which entails a cost advantage considerable, especially when using sheet material. At wall sector, instead of the waterproof and permeable sheet only one layer is fixed on the support elements tear and abrasion resistant protective. With this additional protection against possible damage is achieved caused by machines during loading and unloading of the material to cover. In this way, in one embodiment the canvas of coating can present a waterproof structure and Gas permeable and a waterproof layer.

Preferably, the sheet is connected to the support elements detachable so that, in case of damage, injury or fouling of the sheet, this can be changed in a simple way. In the case of a change, the device it is brought to a raised state for easy access to the sheet That must be changed.

The device according to the invention can be additionally equipped with waste treatment devices, such as spray or irrigation hoses, or with a device for stale or suction air.

Additionally, on the inner side of the device may be provided a formed approach wall preferably by a row of concrete elements arranged some adjacent to others. In the raised state, this wall of approach represents an effective protection against damage to the device by wheel loaders. In addition, as delimitation, the approach wall is an orientation aid for the wheel loader driver.

Fixing the edge material of the device on the ground can be done by means simple, such as stakes, pickets or counterweight elements incorporated in the edge material or tubes to be filled with liquids, inside the edge material.

In another embodiment, the device is fixed on or on walls that wrap a place for battery placement. Such wrapping walls may have a height from 1 m to 2 m. Other fixing means for mounting the wall covering structure can be, for example, hermetic abrasion resistant sacks, within which they are  inserted the ends of the support elements, the sacks fixed directly on the walls.

Especially, the fixation is done so tightly that the device can house inside pressures up to 2000 Pa and still can be sufficiently Gas impermeable against leaks.

A method according to the invention for the manipulation of a device for aerobic treatment of Extended or stacked material has the following stages: Prepare a structure with a covering canvas, the canvas of coating presents a series of support elements likely to be filled with at least one fluid and at least in part connected to each other, and at least one waterproof sheet and gas permeable which is connected to the elements of support; lift the covering structure with at least one pressurized fluid, so that the coating structure is it raises and a space is formed; introduction of the material in the space; lower the structure by deflating the at least one fluid of the support elements, lowering the sheet and covering the material with the sheet.

Before entering the material, a opening into the space; this opening becomes close before the structure is lowered covering.

Definitions Pressure water penetration test

The water penetration test is a test of hydrostatic resistance that is essentially based on pressurizes water against one side of a sample of material and the other side of the material sample is examined with respect to the water passage

Water pressure is measured according to a test procedure, in which distilled water at 20 ± 2 ° C on top of a sample of material with an area of 100 cm2 is subjected to increasing pressure. Rising pressure of water is 60 ± 3 cm H 2 O / min.

So, the water pressure is that in the that water appears on the other side of the sample. The way of The exact procedure is regulated in ISO 811 of 1981. As "waterproof" it should be understood that a material supports a water penetration pressure of at least 10 kPa.

As "porous" a material must be understood which presents very small, microscopic pores and in which the pores form a continuous connection or a passage from a surface from material to the other. In correspondence with the measures of pores, the material is permeable to air and water vapor although the Liquid water cannot penetrate through the pores.

Pore size measurement can be perform with a Coulter Porometer manufactured by Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeah, Florida. The Coulter Porometer is a instrument that performs automatic distribution measurement of the size of the pores in porous media according to the method described in ASTM E1298-89.

Of course, you cannot detect the size of the pores of all the porous materials available with the Coulter porometer. In such a case, the pore size is also can detect using a microscope, such as with An optical or electronic microscope.

When a microporous membrane is used, it has an average pore size between 0.1 and 100 µm, preferably the average pore size is between 0.2 and 10 \ mum.

Resistance to the passage of water vapor Ret

The Ret value is a specific feature. of the material of laminar structures or composite materials which determines the evaporation flow of latent water to a partial pressure gradient across the surface default

As "water vapor permeable" is defined a material that has a resistance to the passage of water vapor less than 150 (m2 x Pa) / W. Preferably, the sheet it has a Ret of less than 20 (m2 x Pa) / W. The Water vapor permeability is measured by the method Hohenstein MDM Dry described in test guideline No. BPI 1.4 (1987) of the Bekleidungsphysiologischen Instituts e.V. Hohenstein.

Air permeability

Air permeability is measured in m3 / h per m2 of the sheet and is determined using an apparatus of Textest Instruments air permeability test (FX 3300), Zurich Air permeability is determined based on the standard ISO 9237 (1995).

A "waterproof" material is defined which has an air permeability between 3 and 100 m 3 / m 2 / h at an applied pressure differential of 200 Pa.

In the present invention, the term "flexible" is used to characterize the device as three-dimensional folding structure, which can be lifted and Bend.

The invention will be explained in more detail below.  detail based on some drawings.

Figure 1 shows a representation schematic of the device according to the invention in the state gotten up.

Figure 1a shows a representation schematic of a first opening mechanism in a front wall of the device according to the invention.

Figure 1b shows a representation schematic of a second opening mechanism in a wall front of the device according to the invention.

Figure 1c shows an enlarged detail of the Figure 1 with a preferred floor fixing device of the device according to the invention.

Figure 2 shows a detail of a view side of the device according to the invention in the lowered state.

Figure 3 shows a cross section to through the device according to the invention in the lowered state.

Figure 4 shows a cross section to through an embodiment of the sheet.

Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the device according to the invention in the raised state.

The present invention relates to a Enhanced coating structure for extended material or stacked together with a flexible device for treatment aerobic of material extended or stacked by a procedure corresponding for the use of the covering structure. He term "extended or stacked material" covers all materials that can be extended or stacked such as, by example, land, cereals, wastes containing organic matter such as household garbage, compost, hay, agricultural products, wood, stones, beams or goods packed in the form of parallelepiped. The invention is directed especially to aerobic treatment of solid municipal waste containing organic matter, although it can be applied to any other extended or stacked material as long as for this material the feeding and evacuation of gases is necessary and, in the case of aerobic waste treatment, especially feeding oxygen and the evacuation of CO2. In particular, the structure and the flexible device according to the invention can also be use for drying material.

The following explanations concerning the Figures describe the invention based on the treatment example of compost, waste and household waste, summarizing these materials below with the terms material to cover or compost pile.

Figure 1 shows a representation schematic of the flexible device according to the invention. He device consists essentially of a structure of coating (10) with a coating canvas. The canvas of coating presents a series of support elements (22) likely to be filled with at least one fluid and at least in part connected to each other, and at least one sheet (14) sealed to the water and gas permeable that is connected to the elements support (22). The covering structure (10) is anchored on the ground (28) essentially hermetically, mounting the structure (10) directly on the ground (28) by devices corresponding fixing (32) or fixing it on walls envelopes (36) (see figure 5).

The flexible device according to the invention can  Adopt two states.

The first state is represented in Figure 1 and shows the structure (10) in the raised state. In the state raised, the support elements (22) are filled with pressure at least one fluid and form a three-dimensional structure that elevates as a ship on the ground (28). The connected sheet (14) with the support elements (22) it also rises above the ground (28) together with the full support elements (22). This cooperation of the support elements (22) filled with the sheet (14) causes the device to form a closed space (30) and passable, in which the material to be covered is found preferably in the form of a compost pile (12). In a way of embodiment, a fan (50) is connected to one of the support elements and feed the support elements (22) with At least one gas

In the second state, the structure (10) is found in a lowered state, as represented in the Figures 2 and 3. In the lowered state, the support elements (22) they are essentially empty, that is, essentially they are not full of at least one fluid. In the lowered state, the structure (10) essentially collapses on itself and the waterproof sheet and Gas permeable (14) comes to rest on the surface of the compost pile (12).

With the help of collection mechanisms, the sheet (14) waterproof and gas permeable comes to rest on the surface of the pile correctly. Nail Additional straps can protect the covering structure in front of the gusts of wind. In certain situations you can adjust a reduced variable distance between the sheet and the stack surface, for example, to prevent the structure stick to freezing or to achieve greater resistance to water vapor permeability.

With such a structure, the device is capable of raise or lower the sheet (14) according to the support elements (22) are filled or not with at least one fluid.

The fluid that fills the support elements (22) it can be a gas, a liquid, or a gas and a liquid. This means that the support elements (22) can be filled or with at least one gas or with at least one liquid or with at least one gas and at least one liquid. The support elements (22) are configured waterproof at least to gases.

In the embodiment of Figure 1, the device forms a hemispherical tunnel with a front sector (23) and a terminal sector (25). In dependencies of the realization of support elements (22) and of the sheet (14), the device can adopt in the raised state any form such as, by example, parallelepipedic, dome, trunk or  pyramid.

In an embodiment according to Figure 1, the structure (10) forms a covering sector (24) and at least one  wall sector (26). As a "cover sector" (24) you must understand the part of the structure (10) that in the lowered state rest directly on the surface of the compost pile (12). As a "wall sector" (26) a sector of the structure (10) that forms a lateral delimitation of the device. In the lowered state, the wall sector (26) is extends folded around the compost pile (12) and encloses it completely. In the raised state, the wall sector (26) form two opposite tunnel walls (27) and two front walls (29) opposite.

To access the inside of the device according to the invention, it is provided that at least one of the front walls (29). This opening must be at least as large so that a wheel loader can enter inside. This  opening only opens when there really is a need to access the space (30). In the meantime, the device remains completely closed around him even when he is in the raised state. Opening mechanisms are shown in Figures 1a and 1b advantageous In figure 1, the front wall (29) closes in the front sector (23) by means of two pieces of foil that are connected to each other in a disconnectable way. Sheet pieces They are tightly fixed on a support element (22). Be it forms an opening by opening the sheet pieces by means of a zipper closure or a velcro closure, and collecting and fixing each piece as a curtain laterally on the element support (22). In figure 1b the front wall (29) is formed by a piece of sheet, and it is hoisted and collected along the inner perimeter of the support element (22) with the help of a collection mechanism The collection can be done manually or automatically. In one embodiment, a automatic collection of the front wall through the process of erection of the coating structure. In the raised state, the opening is also capable of being closed again automatically.

Preferably, the front walls (29) are of a textile material (15) waterproof. Naturally too it can be provided that the front sides (29) in the sector front (23) and in the terminal sector (25) are provided with a opening mechanism

Preferably, at least in the sector of cover (24) the sheet (14) is arranged because, in the been lowered, this sector rests on the surface of the pile of compost (12) and must perform the gas exchange with the environment. In this case, the wall sector (26) is formed by a Protective layer (15) waterproof and foldable. Protective layer (15) presents a robust and abrasion resistant material and, in the raised state, protects the device against fouling and to the damages caused by machines and devices.

Preferably, the space (30) is configured in such a way that it can be traveled by machines loading and unloading for the material to be covered (12), such as wheel loaders To prevent wheel loaders damage the sheet (14) and especially the protective layer (15) in the wall sector (26), along the inside of the walls of the tunnel (27) additional walls of approach as lateral delimitations. These walls of approach are preferably formed by several elements arranged in a row adjacent to each other, for example, elements concrete (34). At the same time, the approach walls they serve as guidance assistance to the loader driver of wheels.

In a further embodiment, in the cover sector (24) the sheet (14) contains a material translucent such as, for example, a transparent sheet, a Translucent permeable laminate or a PVC window. This material translucent occupies a maximum of 5% of the area of the sector of cover (24) so that the gas permeable function of the The entire sheet (14) is not essentially depleted.

The device according to the invention can present any number of support elements (22). Do not However, at least two support elements are necessary (22) to enable sufficient fixation of the sheet (14) and to confer precise stability to the entire device. In the figure 1 support elements (22) are arranged preferably horizontally and vertically, which are arranged crossing each other. The support elements are also they can extend obliquely at a certain angle with respect down.

The support elements (22) have at least a fluid inlet (51) and at least one fluid outlet (52). In one embodiment, the fluid inlet (51) is also the fluid outlet (52). Each support element can present its own fluid inlet (51) and fluid outlet (52) or, when support elements are connected in such a way that the fluid it can flow through all the support elements, it is sufficient a fluid inlet (51) and a fluid outlet (52). The fluid inlet (51) is an opening in a support element in which or to which a connection piece is welded to the fan (50). The connection piece can be, for example, a PVC pipe The fluid outlet (52) is a commercial valve, even example, from the firm Scoprega S.p.A., Milan, Italy.

At least part of the support elements (22) they are linked together, which encompasses all forms of embodiment in which the support elements (22) are connected directly only to respective contact points, in which only some support elements (22) are connected each other, or in which the support elements (22) are connected to each other by auxiliary elements, for example, slats, bars or connection cords. Connection elements (22) may, for example, be connected to each other only through of the sheet. Preferably, each support element (22) is connected to a neighboring support element (22) in respective contact points. The connection of the support elements (22) causes, in the raised state, a stable structure to be generated and self-supporting In one embodiment, the elements of support (22) are arranged over each other at their points of crossing and contact, and are connected in such a way that the surfaces of the horizontal support elements (22) and verticals that are contacted are glued, sewn, welded between yes or connected to each other in another way.

In another embodiment, the elements of support (22) are attached at their crossing and contact points of such that the cross sections of the elements of horizontal supports emerge into the sections transversal of the vertical support elements. This way, the at least one fluid can flow from one point through of the entire structure of the support elements (22). This is especially advantageous because it is only necessary. connect a single fan (50) to the device according to the invention. In addition, this structure is particularly stable because it produces an advantageous pressure distribution.

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In a further embodiment they are only provided individual support elements, raised in vertical, which are connected to each other by a fluid tube horizontal. The fluid tube can extend into the stand of the cover or near the ground, and distributes the fluid incoming through the fluid inlet (51) to all support elements. The fluid tube is preferably a tube rigid metal or plastic material that must be able to withstand the pressure applied to the fluid inlet (51). Too It can be made of flexible materials, impervious to gases

In short, the support elements (22) can be arranged in any arrangement, as long as in the raised state a three-dimensional structure is generated.

The support elements (22) can be filled with at least one fluid, that is, they must present a cross section capable of passing gases or liquids. Possible reinforcement elements inside the elements support (22) should not essentially impede your ability to  that fluid can flow through them. For stability and a Sufficient support surface for sheet (14), section cross section of the support elements (22) should have a diameter of at least 10 cm. Preferably, the diameter is 50 cm. In another preferred embodiment the elements of support have a diameter of at least 80 cm; preferably the diameter is between 90 cm and 110 cm.

The support elements can be preferably three-dimensional structures of any kind such as, for example, tubes or other hollow bodies. In a way of preferred embodiment the support elements (22) are tubes. The support elements (22) can have any form of cross section, a section being especially preferred circular. A circular cross section is simple to manufacture and allows an optimal pressure distribution within the support elements (22). The support elements can also have, for example, an oval cross section.

In one embodiment, the elements of Support (22) are inflatable tubes with gas. As gas preferably air is used that has an overpressure of at least 200 Pa in the  support elements (22). Preferably, the air has a overpressure of at least 10 kPa. Apart from air, they can also used helium or other available gases.

In a further embodiment, the support elements (22) are likely to be filled with a liquid such as, for example, water.

The support elements (22) can also be filled with a liquid and a gas, in which case the liquid is introduced into a lower part of the support elements (22) and the gas in an upper part of the support elements (22). The lower part includes the sector near the ground of the support elements (22), for example, the wall sector (26), and the upper part includes the sector far from the ground, by example the cover sector (24). This has the advantage that the liquid at the same time stabilizes the device on the ground (28).

To avoid excessively high pressure in inside the support elements, at least one  overpressure valve (54). At least one overpressure valve (54) opens, for example, at an internal pressure of more than 25 kPa and prevents eventual destruction of the support elements due overpressure For example, a check valve can be used. overpressure of the manufacturer Halkey Roberts, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA

As material for support elements (22) serves a watertight and watertight material such as, for example, a PVC coated carrier fabric. The material should be weather and fatigue resistant enough to thus enable a long service life. Preferably, the material it is flexible and therefore foldable or "drapeable" in order to that, in the lowered state, the support elements (22) can be fold over themselves. The characteristic of drapeability is important for the present invention so that, during and after of the emptying of the support elements (22), the folding of the device is controllable in order to get a placement precise of the sheet (14) waterproof and gas permeable on the surface of the compost pile.

The support elements (22) have a face  upper (16) and a lower face (18), representing the face bottom (18) the surface part of the support elements (22) which in the raised state is oriented inwards of the space and the upper face (16) presents the opposite part of the surface of the support elements (22) that the environment. The sheet (14) waterproof and permeable to the gases of the device (10) of the device according to the invention is arranged on the upper face (16) or on the lower face (18) of the support elements (22). In another embodiment the sheet (14) is arranged between the support elements (22) and of such so that the surfaces delimited by the support elements (22) are occupied by the sheet (14) in the direction of the perimeter.

Preferably, the sheet (14) is in the underside (18) of the support elements (22). The blade (14) can be attached to the support elements (22) by any type of fixation, being among the possibilities fixing the tied, sewn, glued, welded, with square brackets or magnetic buttons, with velcro closures, with hooks or zipper.

Care should be taken that the fixation of the sheet (14) does not lead to a worsening of water tightness.  Preferably, the sheet (14) is fixed in the elements of support (22) so that it can be disassembled, to enable an easy and quick change of the sheet (14) when it is dirty or damaged.

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In one embodiment, the sheet (14) covers the entire surface of the support elements (22).

In another embodiment, the sheet only covers the lower face of the roof sector (24). This realization particularly economical also uses a protective layer (15) waterproof, mounted on the wall sector. This layer protective (15) waterproof is, as a rule, more economical than the sheet (14) and has a robust material, abrasion resistant such as, for example, a carrier fabric PVC coated. In this way protection is achieved additional device according to the invention against damage to the side walls in the full state, caused by machines or vehicles.

For sufficient ventilation of the battery compost, sheet (14) waterproof and gas permeable It must have sufficient air permeability. This In this way, the aerobic degradation processes of the Organic components in a compost pile. Preferably, the air permeability of the sheet (14) is between 3 and 100 m 3 / m 2 / h at an applied pressure differential of 200 Pa.

The sheet (14) is liquid tight at one water penetration pressure greater than 10 kPa, preferably greater than 50 kPa, the water inlet pressure can rise up to a value of 1 MPa.

The resistance to the passage of water vapor Ret the sheet (14) is less than 15 m 2 Pa / W, preferably less than 10 m 2 Pa / W.

The sheet (14) is a gas permeable textile and waterproof, a gas permeable membrane and waterproof or a laminate with a gas permeable and water tight membrane. As a textile you can use a densely compressed textile or densely woven such as, for example, a polyester fabric highly resistant

Also the sheet (14) must be of a material flexible and therefore foldable and drapeable, so that it is arranged in the lowered state on the surface of the stack of compost (12), and the remaining material of the sheet (14) and the support elements (22) can be folded around the stack of compost (12).

As a liquid-tight sheet (14) and Gas permeable preferably a laminate is used (40) with a porous layer (42) and at least one textile layer (44). Pores of the porous layer should be large enough to enable the necessary gas flow. The porous layer can be, for example, a material from the group of polyolefins, polyesters, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylidene chlorides, fluorinated polyurethanes or polymers. Preferably the porous layer It is a microporous membrane. The membranes are thin, light, Flexible and drapeable. They are also permeable to water vapor, air permeable and waterproof.

Preferred microporous membranes they comprise fluorinated polymers, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyolefins such as polyethylene and Polypropylene; polyamides, polyesters; polysulfones, polyethersulfones and combinations thereof; polycarbonates; polyurethanes Preferably a membrane of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). The ePTFE membrane is present with a thickness between 5-500 µm, preferably between 15-60 µm.

This material is distinguished by a multitude of open holes connected to each other, a large volume of holes and A great resistance. Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) It is soft, flexible, has stable chemical characteristics, a high permeability against gases and vapors, and a surface With a good ability to repel dirt. In addition, the material It is gas permeable. Porosity and pore size are chosen in such a way that the dissemination of the gases. The average pore size can be 0.1-100 µm, preferably of 0.2-10 µm, determined according to the test of Coulter described above. The porosity is of 30-90%, preferably 50-80%. The material is at the same time waterproof. A procedure to manufacture such porous membranes of expanded PTFE is given to know, for example, in US Patents 3,953,566 and US 4,187,390.

Preferably, the microporous membrane is provided with a textile carrier material that confers to the membrane additional protection and solidity. The carrier material may be laminated by a layer of continuous or discontinuous glue on at least one of the membrane surfaces. Advantageously, the carrier material is a textile sheet of natural or synthetic textile materials, fabrics, knitting, or knitted. Non-woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics can also be used. woven As textile materials, particularly suitable are polyesters, polyamides, polyethylene, polyacrylate, polypropylene, fiberglass, fluorinated polymers or a PTFE woven textile. It is intended that the carrier material be oriented outwards into the atmosphere Alternatively, on the other surface of The membrane may be arranged an additional textile sheet.

In another embodiment the sheet (14) is  treated to have oleophobic character. The treatment oleophobic is carried out in such a way that it is not reduced significantly the porosity of the membrane. Preferably the membrane has an oil rate> 1; ideally the rate of oil is> 5, so that the moistening and fouling with organic substances. He Oleophobic treatment is described, for example, in DE 43083692. For the present invention, a ePTFE membrane undergoing oleophobic treatment. Membrane microporous undergoing oleophobic treatment may present at less a layer of laminated textile support.

In textile carrier materials, they get comparatively high oil rates by using commercially available fluorocarbon coatings.

Usually the oleophobic agent is applied in liquid form on the material to be treated oleophobic by, for example, immersion, impregnation, spraying, coating, spreading or lamination.

A sheet (14) especially preferred in form of a 3-layer laminate is represented in figure 4. Enter two textile carrier materials (44) a layer is arranged functional (42) waterproof and permeable to water vapor. The functional layer contains a microporous membrane preferably of ePTFE.

The pore size of the membrane is 0.1 at 100 µm, preferably 0.2 to 10 µm. A size of the pores so small prevents germs and biological sprays They can penetrate out. At the same time you get a Sufficient gas exchange with the environment.

Such laminate is described, for example, in the patent application WO 01/21394 Al and is for sale with the name  Gore®Cover through the firm W.L. Gore & Associates GmbH, Putzbrunn bei München.

Figure 1 shows an embodiment preferred device (10) in which support elements (22) vertical and horizontal are arranged each other so crossed and are directly attached to each other. The elements of support (22) are air inflatable tubes so that, in the raised state of the support elements (22), these form a three-dimensional tunnel of semicircular cross section. At raised state, the pipes arranged vertically extend to along the periphery of the tunnel and the respective end of a tube arranged vertically is anchored to the ground (28) by fixing devices (32).

The vertical tubes are arranged at a distance of at least 3 m from each other and are anchored down. Respectively a vertical tube forms a sector front (23) and a terminal sector (25). The front sector (23) in turn it presents an opening to access and / or transit to inside the device The opening may be provided in the sheet as a separate door that rises and can be operated in The state raised.

The number of vertical tubes as well as the value of the separation between them is determined by the size Of the device.

The horizontal tubes extend transversely with respect to vertical tubes; preferably they extend at a 90º angle between the tubes vertical The arrangement of horizontal tubes between vertical tubes is not predetermined although preferably the horizontal tubes extend between the vertical tubes from the front sector (23) to the terminal sector (25) of the device. In one embodiment, a row of horizontal tubes is extends along the highest point of the tunnel and forms a cover support unit. In addition, respectively a row of further tubes forms a delimitation between the sector of cover (24) and the wall sector (26) of the device. The number of horizontal tubes also depends on the size of the device according to the invention.

The tubes preferably have a diameter of 500 mm Inflatable tube structures are for sale in, by For example, the HS-Behaltertechnik GmbH firm in Regensburg, Germany, or at the Montfort Fahnen firm in Klagenfurt, Austria.

The marginal sectors of the device according to the  invention are anchored to the ground (28) with the help of some fixing devices (32). As "marginal sectors" are understand the sectors of the device that in the raised state They rest directly on the ground (28). This affects both ends of the vertical support elements (22) as to the surrounding edges of the sheet (14) or the protective layer (15). As fasteners (32), pickets or stakes, screws, nails, counterweight elements incorporated in the marginal sector or arranged on it, hoses liable to be filled with water within the marginal sector or in it, or devices for generating magnetism or other forces that reinforce gravity. A possible variant of Anchoring is described in patent application DE 198 42 887 A1. Is particularly advantageous an anchor that seals the interior of the device watertight in water and air so that no leakage flows occur. Figure 1c shows a variant Preferred device anchor. In this case the extremes of the pipes are anchored in the ground (28) by pickets (33). The margin sector (17) of the device (18) is folded in such that it rests flat on the ground (28). About the sector margin (17) folded rest counterweight elements (32) such as water hoses, sandbags, weights or beams, and they retain the structure (10) firmly on the ground (28).

The dimensions of the device according to the invention depend on the respective intended use. Preferably, the  full device rises on a surface with a base of 40 at 600 m2. The device can reach a height of up to 6 m. In a preferred embodiment the device can reach a height of 8 m or more.

In a further embodiment, the sector terminal (25) of a first device is attachable to the sector front (23) of a second device. This has the advantage of that several devices according to the invention can be coupled. He coupling can be done, for example, by means of closures of zipper or velcro closures, in this case without the front walls (29) between the devices.

Figure 2 shows a detail of a view lateral in the lowered state. In this state the elements of support (22) are empty, that is, essentially do not contain fluid. The sheet (14) essentially covers the surface of the stack of compost (12), resting the sheet (14) directly on the material to cover.

The lowered state is realized by emptying stand-alone of the support elements, for example, turning off the fan. As soon as the applied pressure disappears, the fluid flows out of the support elements. The structure collapses on itself. In another embodiment, the emptying of the support elements can be realized through at least one fluid outlet (51).

The wall sector (26) of the device is formed by the protective layer (15). This protective layer (15) Water tight does not come to rest directly on the pile of compost (12) and has no relevance for air exchange and gases between the compost pile (12) and the environment. During the collapse of the structure the protective layer (15) folds around the compost pile (12) substantially autonomous. The orderly folding of the protective layer (15) is carried out with the help of collection mechanisms or with the help of materials elastics that stretch the material of the protective layer, so that the sheet (14) waterproof and permeable to gases rests on the surface of the compost pile (12). The mechanisms of Pickup can include bands, straps, traction cables, hoists or straps. As a rule, the device remains in the lowered state for several weeks, until they have finished the aerobic degradation processes of the stack of compost.

Figure 3 shows the section transverse through the device in the lowered state. The blade (14) waterproof and gas permeable is fixed in the lower part (18) of the support elements (22). In the sector of cover (24) the sheet (14) is formed by a porous laminate (40) three layers. The wall sector (26) consists of a layer protective (15) waterproof. In the lowered state, the laminate (40) rest directly on the surface of the compost pile (12) and provides a sufficient exchange of air and gases. At roof sector (24), the support elements (22) rest flat on the laminate (40) and are folded with the layer protective (15) one on top of the other on the sides of the compost pile (12). The folding is done in such a way that, when rising from new device, the structure material can deploy easily and without resistance.

Figure 5 shows a further form of embodiment in which the device according to the present invention it is placed on the enveloping walls of a socket (36) in U-shape. The socket (36) is, for example, raised with stones or molded into concrete, and replaces the approach walls (34) of the embodiment according to Figure 1. Preferably, the height of the socket is between 0.5 m and 1.5 m. For the rest, the device corresponds to the device described in figures 1 to 4. In a further embodiment, the ends of the tubes of the support elements may be located in bags, the bags attached to the surrounding walls.

A further embodiment provides that the Coating structure is attached to an existing ship. For for this purpose, the ship has a lateral opening, for example a door, a tight shutter gate or a shutter door hermetic The front sector of the device is fixed tightly in the opening. In the raised state of device only opens the opening towards the ship to enter or extract material from the device. The advantage of this form of realization is that contact with the environment since, when opening the opening, the air contaminated with germs and spores penetrates the ship and there it can be aspirated specifically.

Claims (44)

1. Coating structure (10) for extended or stacked materials (12) with a tarp of coating, presenting the coating canvas

to)

a number of support elements (22) that can be filled with a fluid and at least partly linked together as well how

b)

to the minus a sheet (14) waterproof and gas permeable, the sheet (14) being connected with the support elements (22).

2. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 1, wherein the sheet (14) is waterproof and Gas permeable has a laminate (40) with a porous layer (42) and the porous layer (42) is attached to at least one textile layer (44). 3. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 2, wherein the porous layer (42) comprises a microporous membrane. 4. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 2, wherein the porous layer (42) is selected between the group of polyolefins, polyesters, chlorides of polyvinyl, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyurethanes or polymers fluoridated 5. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 2 to 4, wherein the porous layer (42) comprises expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). 6. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 2, wherein the textile layer (44) comprises polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, polyacrylate, polypropylene, fiberglass or fluorinated polymer. 7. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 1, wherein the sheet (14) is waterproof and Gas permeable has an air permeability between 3 and 100 m 3 / m 2 / h at a pressure differential of 200 Pa. 8. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 1, wherein the sheet (14) is waterproof and Gas permeable presents water inlet at a higher pressure than 10 kPa 9. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 1, wherein the sheet (14) is waterproof and Gas permeable has a resistance to the passage of steam from Ret water less than 20 m 2 / Pa / W. 10. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 1, wherein the support elements (22) are tubes inflatable 11. Cover structure (10), according to the claim 10, wherein the tubes have a diameter> 80 cm. 12. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 10, wherein the tubes resist a pressure of at minus 10 kPa 13. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 1, wherein the at least one fluid is a gas, a Vapor, a liquid. 14. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 13, wherein the gas is air. 15. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 1, wherein the fluid has a pressure of at least 200 Pa. 16. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 1, presenting a cover sector (24) and a sector wall (26), in which the sheet (14) waterproof and permeable to gases is arranged at least in the housing sector (24). 17. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 16, wherein in the wall sector (26) is attached with the support elements (22) a protective layer (15) sealed the water. 18. Coating structure (10), according to the claim 1, wherein the support elements (22) and the sheet (14) comprise a flexible material. 19. Cover structure (10) for extended or stacked materials (12), presenting the structure of  coating (10) a coating canvas, in which the canvas of coating is formed by

to)

a number of air-swellable tubes (22) connected to each other as well how

b)

a sheet (14) waterproof and gas permeable comprising a microporous membrane of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, the sheet (14) being connected with the tubes (22).

20. Use of the covering structure (10) according to claim 1, as a battery coating for a battery of compost (12). 21. Device for aerobic treatment of material (12) extended or applied, presenting a structure of coating (10) covering the material (12) extended or stacked, in which the covering structure has a canvas of coating, the covering canvas has a number of support elements (22) capable of being filled with at least a fluid and connected to each other, and at least one sheet (14) sealed water and gas permeable that is connected to support elements (22), the device has a raised state and a been down, being, in the raised state, the elements of support (22) filled with a pressurized fluid so that the sheet (14) is raised and arranged at a distance from the  material, and being, in the lowered state, the elements of  support (22) empty of at least one fluid, so that the sheet (14) is lowered and covers the material (12). 22. Device according to claim 21, in the distance between the raised sheet (14) and the material (12) It is at least 2 m. 23. Device according to claim 21, in which sheet (14) forms a passable space (30) around of the material (12). 24. Device according to claim 23, in The space (30) has a height of at least 6 m. 25. Device according to claim 21, in which the device has at least one opening susceptible to be closed 26. Device according to claim 21, which  It has at least one wrapping wall (36) surrounding the material (12), the covering structure (10) being held in the minus one, enveloping wall (36). 27. Device according to claim 21, in which the sheet (14) waterproof and permeable to gases is a  laminate (40) having a porous layer (42) attached to at least a textile layer (44a, 44b). 28. Device according to claim 27, in which the porous layer (42) has a porous membrane. 29. Device according to claim 27, in which the porous layer (42) is selected from the group of polyolefins, polyesters, polyvinyl chlorides, chlorides of polyvinylidene, polyurethanes or fluorinated polymers. 30. Device according to claim 27 a 29, wherein the porous layer (42) comprises polytetrafluoroethylene expanded (ePTFE). 31. Device according to claim 27, in which the textile layer (44a, 44b) comprises polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, polyacrylate, polypropylene, fiberglass or fluorinated polymer 32. Device according to claim 21, in which the sheet (14) waterproof and permeable to gases it has an air permeability of between 3 and 100 m 3 / m 2 / h at a pressure differential of 200 Pa. 33. Device according to claim 21, in which the sheet (14) waterproof and permeable to gases It has a water inlet pressure greater than 10 kPa. 34. Device according to claim 21, in which the sheet (14) waterproof and permeable to gases has a resistance to the passage of water vapor Ret less than 20 m 2 / Pa / W. 35. Device according to claim 21, in which the support elements (22) are inflatable tubes. 36. Device according to claim 35, in The tubes have a diameter> 80 cm. 37. Device according to claim 35, in that the tubes withstand a pressure of at least 10 kPa. 38. Device according to claim 21, in that the at least one fluid is a gas, a vapor, a liquid. 39. Device according to claim 33, in The gas is air. 40. Device according to claim 21, in The fluid has a pressure of at least 200 Pa. 41. Device according to claim 21, presenting a roof sector (24) and a wall sector (26), wherein the sheet (14) is water tight and gas permeable It is arranged at least in the roof sector (24). 42. Device according to claim 41, in which in the wall sector (26) is connected with the elements of support (22) a protective layer (14) waterproof. 43. Procedure for handling a device for aerobic treatment of extended material (12) or stacked, with the stages:

to)

prepare a structure of coating (10) with a coating canvas presenting a number of support elements (22) that can be filled with a fluid and at least partly linked together, and at least one sheet (14) waterproof and gas permeable that is connected to the support elements (22),

b)

lift the coating structure (10) by filling the support elements (22) with at least a fluid at a pressure, so that the sheet (14) rises and a space is formed (30),

C)

enter the material (12) in the space (30),

d)

go down the covering structure (10) by discharge of the at least a fluid of the support elements (22) so that it is made lower the sheet (14) and the material (12) is covered by the blade (14).

44. Method according to claim 43, in which after the aerobic treatment stage b is repeated) to remove the material (12) from the space (30).