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ES2207885T3 - Dispositivo para la substitucion de valvulas aorticas. - Google Patents

Dispositivo para la substitucion de valvulas aorticas.

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Publication number
ES2207885T3
ES2207885T3 ES99108298T ES99108298T ES2207885T3 ES 2207885 T3 ES2207885 T3 ES 2207885T3 ES 99108298 T ES99108298 T ES 99108298T ES 99108298 T ES99108298 T ES 99108298T ES 2207885 T3 ES2207885 T3 ES 2207885T3
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Prior art keywords
valve
barrier
capsule
procedure
introduction
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ES99108298T
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John H. Stevens
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Heartport Inc
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Heartport Inc
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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10Balloon catheters
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320758Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with a rotating cutting instrument, e.g. motor driven
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2427Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2427Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
    • A61F2/243Deployment by mechanical expansion
    • A61F2/2433Deployment by mechanical expansion using balloon catheter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2427Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
    • A61F2/2436Deployment by retracting a sheath
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    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3621Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3653Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
    • A61M1/3659Cannulae pertaining to extracorporeal circulation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/0021Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing
    • A61M25/0041Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing pre-formed, e.g. specially adapted to fit with the anatomy of body channels
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61B17/320016Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
    • A61B17/32002Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes with continuously rotating, oscillating or reciprocating cutting instruments
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320725Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with radially expandable cutting or abrading elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/22Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22097Valve removal in veins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00214Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
    • A61B2018/0022Balloons
    • A61B2018/00232Balloons having an irregular shape
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00214Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
    • A61B2018/0022Balloons
    • A61B2018/0025Multiple balloons
    • A61B2018/00261Multiple balloons arranged in a line
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0008Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
    • A61F2220/0016Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body with sharp anchoring protrusions, e.g. barbs, pins, spikes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/0067Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
    • A61M25/0074Dynamic characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. openable, closable, expandable or deformable
    • A61M25/0075Valve means
    • A61M2025/0076Unidirectional valves
    • A61M2025/0078Unidirectional valves for fluid inflow from the body into the catheter lumen
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/02Holding devices, e.g. on the body
    • A61M2025/028Holding devices, e.g. on the body having a mainly rigid support structure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10Balloon catheters
    • A61M2025/1043Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
    • A61M2025/1047Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having centering means, e.g. balloons having an appropriate shape
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10Balloon catheters
    • A61M2025/1043Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
    • A61M2025/1077Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having a system for expelling the air out of the balloon before inflation and use
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2210/00Anatomical parts of the body
    • A61M2210/12Blood circulatory system
    • A61M2210/125Heart
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0125Catheters carried by the bloodstream, e.g. with parachutes; Balloon catheters specially designed for this purpose
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S623/00Prosthesis, i.e. artificial body members, parts thereof, or aids and accessories therefor
    • Y10S623/902Method of implanting
    • Y10S623/904Heart

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

LA INVENCION SE REFIERE A UN SISTEMA DE SUSTITUCION DE UNA VALVULA JUNTO CON PROCEDIMIENTOS DE PREPARACION Y USO, PARA LA SUSTITUCION ENDOVASCULAR DE UNA VALVULA CARDIACA EN UN ANFITRION. EL SISTEMA DE SUSTITUCION DE VALVULA INCLUYE HASTA 5 COMPONENTES: 1) UN DISPOSITIVO PROTESICO DE VALVULA, 2) UN DISPOSITIVO INTRODUCTOR DE LA VALVULA, 3) UN DISPOSITIVO DE OPERACION INTRALUMINAR, 4) UNA CAPSULA PARA EL DISPOSITIVO DE OPERACION, Y 5) UN DISPOSITIVO PARA CORTAR LOS TEJIDOS. EL SISTEMA FACILITA LA SEPARACION ENDOVASCULAR DE UNA VALVULA ESTROPEADA Y SU SUSTITUCION POSTERIOR CON UNA VALVULA CARDIACA PROTESICA PERMANENTE.

Description

Dispositivo para la substitución de válvulas aórticas.
Esta invención hace referencia a dispositivos para la substitución endovascular de una válvula cardiaca. A menudo es necesario substituir válvulas cardiacas con mal funcionamiento dentro del cuerpo humano. La substitución de válvulas cardiacas se lleva a cabo generalmente mediante un procedimiento quirúrgico a corazón abierto, que requiere anestesia general, bypass cardiopulmonar total con cese total de la actividad cardiopulmonar, entre siete y diez días de hospitalización y meses de recuperación. La tasa de mortalidad con este tipo de procedimiento se encuentra entre el cinco y el seis por ciento.
Los procedimientos endovasculares para la substitución de válvulas son una alternativa a la cirugía a corazón abierto. Por ejemplo, en pacientes con grave enfermedad de la válvula aórtica que están demasiado comprometidos para tolerar la cirugía a corazón abierto, los cirujanos han empleado valvuloplastia endovascular aórtica de globo. Este procedimiento involucra el uso de la dilatación de un globo endovascular para dividir comisuras en válvulas aórticas enfermas con fusión comisural y para partir placas cálcicas en válvulas aórticas estenóticas calcificadas. Este procedimiento proporciona un alivio solamente parcial y temporal a un paciente con una válvula aórtica estenótica. A menudo es necesario repetir el procedimiento en el plazo de un año desde el primer procedimiento.
Un régimen de tratamiento alternativo es la suplantación endovascular de la válvula. En este procedimiento, se usan instrumentos para insertar una válvula mecánica en el lumen de un vaso sanguíneo central vía la entrada a través de una arteria distal, por ejemplo la arteria braquial o la femoral. Los términos descriptivos distal y proximal, cuando se usan en esta aplicación con relación a la vasculatura, se refieren a las direcciones más alejada y más próxima desde el emplazamiento de procedimiento o de substitución de la válvula, según se aplique. Se coloca un hilo de guía a través del vaso de entrada y se dirige de manera fuoroscópica hacia el emplazamiento deseado. A continuación se guían catéteres flexibles sobre los hilos de guía que se usan para impulsar y dirigir la nueva válvula a través del vaso sanguíneo hacia la localización central deseada en las cercanías de la válvula con mal funcionamiento donde suplanta la función de la válvula existente.
Los procedimientos cardíacos endovasculares, en contraste con los procedimientos quirúrgicos a corazón abierto, requerirían solamente anestesia local, bypass cardíaco parcial o inexistente, uno o dos días de hospitalización, y tendrían una tasa de mortalidad reducida en comparación con los procedimientos a corazón abierto. Sin embargo, como se discute en la bibliografía pero nunca se pone realmente en práctica, la suplantación endovascular de válvulas cardiacas está limitada a válvulas mecánicas con base arterial supra-anular que requieren un catéter de montaje alargado con origen en el punto de entrada arterial distal con el fin de mantener la posición de la válvula en la aorta y por lo tanto no proporcionan un sistema permanente o internalizado. La suplantación de válvulas está también limitada al tratamiento de válvulas aórticas regurgitantes y no es aplicable a válvulas aórticas estenóticas o cualquier otro tipo de válvulas cardiacas con mal funcionamiento. Además, una vez implantadas, las válvulas mecánicas predisponen al paciente a la formación de trombos y embolias, obligando a terapia anticoagulante a largo plazo; las hemorragias intracraneales son un grave efecto secundario de una terapia anticoagulante a largo plazo.
Una alternativa potencial a una válvula mecánica es una válvula bioprotésica. Una válvula bioprotésica puede ser tanto una válvula de homotrasplante (fresca de humano), de alotrasplante (conservada de humano), o de xenotrasplante (conservada de otra especie). Las válvulas de homotrasplante, en contraste con las válvulas de xenotrasplante, se usan raramente debido a la falta de acceso a válvulas humanas frescas. Se usan a menudo las válvulas porcinas preservadas en glutaraldehído puesto que son de fácil acceso y almacenamiento, y están disponibles con una variedad de tamaños. La substitución de válvulas bioprotésicas no predispone al paciente a la formación de trombos o embolias y, por lo tanto, no necesita terapia anticoagulante a largo plazo. Las válvulas bioprotésicas son actualmente un gran apoyo en la substitución de válvulas aórticas. La substitución de válvulas cardiacas bioprotésicas se prefiere en pacientes que no pueden tolerar terapias anticoagulantes a largo plazo o que por otra parte no aceptan potencialmente un régimen médico a largo plazo.
Hasta la fecha, las válvulas bioprotésicas y mecánicas se han insertado cerca o en el emplazamiento anular nativo por medio de cirugía a corazón abierto y, excepto con la válvula Magovern-Cromie con la que se usan clavos para fijar las válvulas, han sido necesarias suturas para su fijación en el emplazamiento de inserción; no se encuentran disponibles medios para la substitución endovascular de válvulas con cualquier tipo de válvula. Por lo tanto, sería interesante proporcionar medios endovasculares para: i) eliminar fácilmente una válvula con mal funcionamiento natural o protésica, y ii) reemplazar la válvula con mal funcionamiento por un válvula flexible sintética o bioprotésica reemplazable de manera endovascular, fijada independientemente sin suturas o catéter, cerca de o en el emplazamiento anular nativo de la válvula.
La patente U.S. nº 3.671.979 de Moulopoulos, publicada el 27 de Junio de 1972, describe una válvula a modo de paraguas con forma cónica insertada de manera endovascular posicionada y mantenida en su sitio mediante un catéter de montaje alargado en un emplazamiento supra-anular de la válvula aórtica en un vaso arterial cercano. Los puntos finales cónicos se dirigen hacia la válvula aórtica con mal funcionamiento y los extremos distales del paraguas se abren contra la pared de la aorta con flujo sanguíneo inverso, impidiendo de esta manera la regurgitación.
La patente U.S. nº 4.056.854 de Boretos, publicada el 8 de Noviembre de 1977, describe una válvula supra-anular insertada de manera endovascular, montada con catéter, en la que la estructura circular entra en contacto con la pared de la arteria y las solapas añadidas de membrana flexible se extienden de manera distal en la vasculatura. Las solapas se sitúan contra la pared arterial durante el flujo hacia delante, y se cierran hacia dentro hacia el catéter central para prevenir la regurgitación durante el flujo sanguíneo inverso. La válvula Boretos se ha diseñado para estar situada contra la pared arterial durante el flujo hacia delante, en comparación con la posición medio-centro de la válvula Moulopoulos, con el fin de reducir el estancamiento de flujo sanguíneo y la formación de trombos y embolias consecuente esperada con una válvula en posición medio-centro.
Dentro de las publicaciones relacionadas con la substitución de válvulas se incluyen: "Gibbon's Surgery of the Chest", 5ª ed., David C. Sabiston, Jr., M.D., Frank D. Spencer, M.D., 1990, vol. 2, cap. 52, pág. 1566-1596, y "Textbook of Interventional Cardiology", Eric J. Topol, 1990, caps. 43-44, pág. 831-867.
Según la presente invención, se proporciona un dispositivo según la reivindicación 1 para llevar a cabo un procedimiento intraluminal en un emplazamiento de un paciente.
Descripción de los dibujos
La Figura 1 ilustra una vista lateral de la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento.
La Figura 2 ilustra una vista lateral de un dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal.
La Figura 3 ilustra una vista inferior de un dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal.
La Figura 4 ilustra una vista superior de un dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal.
La Figura 5 ilustra un cortador de tejido en una posición cerrada.
La Figura 6 ilustra un cortador de tejido en una posición abierta.
La Figura 7 ilustra una vista lateral de una cápsula de introducción de válvulas con abrazaderas de globo deshinchadas.
La Figura 8 ilustra una vista lateral de una cápsula de introducción de válvulas con abrazaderas de globo hinchadas.
La Figura 9 ilustra una vista lateral de una cápsula de introducción de válvulas con los globos cruzando un hilo de guía.
La Figura 10 ilustra una vista lateral de un disco de empuje haciendo avanzar una válvula hacia fuera de la cápsula de introducción.
La Figura 11 ilustra una válvula aórtica en posición lateral.
La Figura 12 ilustra una válvula aórtica desde la vista superior.
La Figura 13 ilustra una vista lateral de una válvula aórtica con el anillo de montaje en la posición cerrada.
La Figura 14 ilustra una vista frontal de una válvula aórtica con el anillo de montaje en la posición abierta.
La Figura 15 es una ilustración gráfica de una vista lateral de un cambio de conformación de un clavo de montaje con el hinchamiento del globo.
El dispositivo de la presente invención se puede usar en un sistema para la (suplantación o) substitución de una válvula cardiaca en un huésped por medios endovasculares. El sistema de substitución de la válvula incluye hasta cuatro componentes: (1) un dispositivo de válvula protésica, (2) un dispositivo de introducción de válvula, (3) un dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal con una cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento según la presente invención, y (4) un cortador de tejido. No es necesario que todos los componentes del sistema de la invención sean usados conjuntamente en la substitución de la válvula; la descripción de la substitución de la válvula usando todos los componentes es meramente explicativa.
En un procedimiento general, la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento (Fig. 1), que contiene el dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal, se inserta en un punto de entrada en el huésped y se usa para transportar el dispositivo intraluminal hasta el emplazamiento deseado, sobre un hilo de guía. En el emplazamiento, una barrera permeable selectivamente del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal sale de la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento, se expande de manera controlada y ajustable, y entra en contacto con el lumen del vaso que rodea la válvula o la prótesis antigua (Figs. 2, 3 y 4). El hilo de guía se retira del canal de trabajo del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal dejando el canal disponible para el paso del cortador de tejido y los dispositivos de angioscopia, ultrasonidos, agarre de tejidos, y de corte de tejidos. El canal se puede usar asimismo para la irrigación o para la aplicación de aparatos de succión para la retirada de desbridados, trombos u otros materiales.
A continuación se inserta el cortador de tejido dentro del huésped a través del canal de trabajo del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal hacia el emplazamiento de la válvula donde se utiliza para cortar y eliminar la válvula existente de su emplazamiento (Figs. 5 y 6). La posición exacta del cortador se asegura mediante ecocardiografía transesofágica y ultrasonidos intra-arteriales o intra-cardiacos, y angioscopia. La precisión en la extracción y la substitución de la válvula es importante para el éxito de la substitución endovascular de la válvula. Existen varias técnicas de imagen disponibles actualmente que proporcionan opciones complementarias para asegurar esta precisión: 1) Se puede usar continuamente la ecocardiografía transesofágica; 2) El paso de ultrasonidos intra-vasculares a través del canal de trabajo del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal; 3) El paso de ultrasonidos intra-vasculares por medio del sistema venoso a través del septo intra-auricular a través de la válvula mitral y hacia el ventrículo izquierdo; 4) Se puede pasar un angioscopio hacia el ventrículo izquierdo de manera que proporcionaría el beneficio añadido de permitir una imagen constante de alta definición de todo el procedimiento y alta irrigación sanguínea.
Cualquier residuo de tejido resultante del procedimiento queda atrapado en la barrera del dispositivo de procedimiento intralumnial o es eliminado del huésped mediante succión y los dispositivos de recuperación de tejido insertados a través del canal de trabajo del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal. Los residuos de tejido son eliminados a través del canal de trabajo del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal mediante succión, dispositivos de agarre (por ejemplo la cesta de Dormier o pinzas de agarre), o quedan atrapados en la barrera del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal para evitar embolismo. Una vez que se ha eliminado todo el tejido necesario, la contracción del cortador de tejido permite la eliminación del cortador de tejido a través del canal de trabajo del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal. La barrera del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal se contrae y el dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal se retira dentro de la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento que se elimina a continuación.
A continuación se inserta el dispositivo de introducción de la válvula que contiene el dispositivo de válvula protésica y se usa para transportar la válvula de substitución hasta el emplazamiento de la válvula sobre un hilo de guía (Fig. 7). La abrazadera del dispositivo de introducción de la válvula, que puede incluir opcionalmente globos de posicionamiento en torno a la cápsula de introducción del dispositivo de introducción de la válvula, se hincha de manera diferencial, de manera que ciertos globos se hinchan más o menos que otros para asegurar el posicionamiento exacto de la válvula protésica cuando se libera fuera de la cápsula de introducción (Fig. 8). Los medios para empujar la válvula fuera de la cápsula de introducción, después de que la cápsula de introducción esté en la posición apropiada, se proporcionan con el fin de hacer avanzar el dispositivo de empuje del dispositivo de introducción de la válvula dentro de la cápsula (Fig. 9). Los medios para asegurar los clavos de montaje en el emplazamiento deseado se proporcionan con el fin de hinchar un globo dentro del dispositivo de válvula protésica y dentro del lumen del anillo de montaje (Figs. 10-15). A continuación se pueden deshinchar los globos de posicionamiento de la cápsula y el globo intraluminal, y se retira el dispositivo de introducción de la válvula.
Para apoyar la circulación del paciente durante la substitución endovascular de la válvula aórtica será necesario someter al paciente a bypass cardiopulmonar parcial o completo. Existen varios medios disponibles actualmente para proporcionar este apoyo. Por ejemplo, un procedimiento es la inserción percutánea de cánula venosa y arterial con descompresión del ventrículo izquierdo mediante la inserción de una línea arterial pulmonar que permite la aspiración de sangre y una marcada disminución del llenado ventricular izquierdo, y la expulsión.
El sistema que usa el dispositivo de la invención proporciona varias ventajas, incluyendo la capacidad de sustituir o suplantar válvulas o prótesis cardiacas o de otro tipo existentes mediante medios endovasculares sin sutura que eliminan los superiores riesgos, costes y complicaciones de los procedimientos quirúrgicos a corazón abierto. Este dispositivo de válvula protésica, preferiblemente usando una bioprótesis u otra prótesis flexible resistente a los trombos para las laminillas de la válvula, eliminará la necesidad de terapia anticoagulante permanente para el huésped. Una vez insertada, la válvula puede operar de manera autónoma. Además, las válvulas de substitución bioprotésicas en el pasado han necesitado suturas y, por lo tanto, cirugía a corazón abierto para la fijación en el anillo o emplazamiento vascular. El dispositivo de montaje usado con la válvula del sistema permite que el sistema se fije mediante medios endovasculares sin necesidad de suturas. El dispositivo de válvula protésica se inserta en base permanente, y permanece durante la vida de la válvula incorporada en el dispositivo. Por ejemplo, la vida de una válvula bioprotésica puede ser superior a veinte años. Futuros desarrollos pueden proporcionar válvulas protésicas alternativas con una vida sensiblemente superior. Puesto que la mayoría de los pacientes que no pueden tolerar los procedimientos a corazón abierto son personas mayores, la válvula bioprotésica generalmente sobrepasará la vida del paciente. El dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal y el cortador permiten la novedosa capacidad de llevar a cabo procedimientos endovasculares sin los graves efectos laterales de provocar la circulación de residuos sueltos y otros émbolos dentro de la vasculatura.
A continuación se describirán los componentes del sistema de substitución de la válvula. La cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento comprende un manguito cilíndrico hecho de un material flexible duradero, por ejemplo teflón recubierto de poliuretano u otros materiales que tengan las siguientes características: una flexibilidad tal que se pueda maniobrar fácilmente a través de la vasculatura, una duración tal que pueda resistir el contacto abrasivo y la presión de los instrumentos insertados y contenidos dentro de él, y no trombogenia de manera que los coágulos sanguíneos no se desarrollen ni se adhieran a su superficie. La cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento posee una superficie externa generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente cilíndrica con un diseño de malla o tamiz. Se caracteriza por su capacidad para contener la barrera del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal y otros dispositivos que se podrían usar de manera intraluminal, y de transporte intraluminal. El dispositivo se introduce sobre un hilo de guía hacia dicho emplazamiento (Fig. 1).
Se proporcionan medios para retirar parcialmente la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento (15) para permitir la expansión total del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal con el fin de tener el extremo distal de la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento y el extremo proximal del canal de trabajo (5) del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal enroscados juntos mediante un mecanismo de tornillo (10). En la rotación del canal de trabajo sobre las roscas de la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento, el dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal se puede hacer avanzar dentro y fuera de la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento. Después de la finalización del trabajo, el dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal se puede retirar dentro de la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento y a continuación se puede asegurar dentro de la cápsula mediante la rotación del canal de trabajo sobre las roscas de la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento en dirección inversa (Fig. 2).
El dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal ayuda a la realización de los procedimientos intraluminales por vía endovascular u otros medios intraluminales y comprende una capa (la "barrera") y un tubo (el "canal de trabajo"). La barrera (20) comprende un cono a modo de paraguas con una superficie externa generalmente cónica y una superficie interna generalmente cónica (Fig. 2). Entre los materiales para la fabricación del cono se incluyen materiales flexibles, duraderos, y permeables selectivamente (de manera que solamente ciertos tamaños de partícula puedan pasar a su través) como por ejemplo malla de polipropileno, poliéster, dacron, o nylon sobre soporte de acero inoxidable. La punta del cono está perforada para permitir una salida del canal de trabajo y puntos aguas abajo de la vasculatura. La barrera se suspende sobre el trípode de acero inoxidable (Fig. 3). Unido circunferencialmente a la barrera se encuentra un dispositivo de expansión (25, la "abrazadera"), como un globo (Fig. 4). El globo puede tener entre cuatro y veinte segmentos, cada uno de ellos separado mediante un diafragma. Cada segmento del globo posee hinchado separado, un canal de deshinchado que permite que cada segmento tenga un hinchado diferencial dirigido desde un control central externo. El dispositivo externo para el hinchado y/o deshinchado de cada segmento de la abrazadera está compuesto de medios como jeringuillas o cilindros de aire comprimido en paralelo. Cada uno posee una válvula en serie que permite el hinchado cuando se aplica presión y el deshinchado activo o pasivo cuando se abre. El hinchado diferencial de cada segmento de globo permite cambios sutiles en el ángulo del canal de trabajo con respecto al emplazamiento de la válvula. Una vez hinchada, la barrera se caracteriza por su capacidad de permitir el flujo sanguíneo a través de su superficie permeable impidiendo la presión hacia atrás y la embolia, y de proporcionar una región de procedimiento de trabajo unida mediante la superficie interna de la barrera y que se extiende desde los extremos distales de la barrera próximamente hacia la vasculatura y el corazón (Fig. 2).
El tubo del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal, el canal de trabajo, comprende un cilindro alargado flexible. El canal de trabajo está fabricado de un material flexible duradero, por ejemplo teflón recubierto de poliuretano u otros materiales que tengan las siguientes características: flexibilidad, durabilidad, y no trombogenia. El tubo tiene una superficie externa generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente cilíndrica. El extremo proximal abierto del canal de trabajo está unido en torno a la punta cónica perforada de la barrera y su extremo distal se extiende fuera y a través del punto de entrada vascular. Para su uso en un humano adulto, el canal de trabajo tiene preferiblemente un diámetro interno de aproximadamente 0.5 a 10 milímetros que le hace capaz de proporcionar un paso para instrumentos como por ejemplo dispositivos de ultrasonidos, de angioscopia, de desbridamiento, de succión, de irrigación, o de recuperación, y el cortador de tejido, desde el exterior del huésped hasta la región de procedimiento de trabajo. Para su uso en un huésped distinto a un humano adulto, se puede aumentar o disminuir este intervalo de tamaños del diámetro interno en función del tamaño del huésped y del lumen. También puede ser útil disponer de succión o irrigación aplicadas al canal de trabajo.
El cortador de tejido comprende al menos una cuchilla proximal y un cable. La cuchilla proximal (45) comprende una cuchilla plegable de bisagra (30) con una longitud variando entre aproximadamente 1,0 y 20 milímetros y con superficies de corte afiladas. Este intervalo de longitudes de la cuchilla se puede aumentar o disminuir dependiendo del tamaño del huésped y del lumen. Por otra parte, la cuchilla proximal puede comprender un cable flexible capaz de girar a alta velocidad que proporcionaría un contacto de corte con el tejido. La cuchilla está fabricada de un material duradero rígido, por ejemplo acero inoxidable o elgiloy. La cuchilla proximal se caracteriza por su capacidad de paso a través del canal de trabajo hasta la región de procedimiento de trabajo en un estado no extendido, a continuación su propia extensión para permitir el corte de cualquier tejido no deseado y finalmente su retorno a su estado no extendido. Se pueden añadir cuchillas adicionales a la cuchilla proximal con el fin de aumentar la capacidad de corte del cortador de tejido (Figs. 5, 6). Por ejemplo, se pueden añadir a los extremos distales de la cuchilla proximal dos cuchillas distales más cortas de aproximadamente 0.5 a 5.0 milímetros (40) por medio de fusión, bisagras, o cualquier otro procedimiento de conexión. Este intervalo de longitudes de la cuchilla se puede aumentar o disminuir de tamaño en función del tamaño del huésped y del lumen. Estas cuchillas proporcionan superficies de corte afiladas en un intervalo de ángulos de aproximadamente treinta a ciento cincuenta grados con la cuchilla proximal lo que permite el corte simultáneo en varios ángulos.
El cable (35) del cortador de tejido comprende un hilo alargado flexible y duradero, y se caracteriza por su capacidad para impulsar el cortador de tejido (Fig. 6). El cable está unido a la cuchilla proximal en una posición central o no central y conectado de manera distal a un motor externo. Por ejemplo, el cable puede ser un cable coaxial de acero conectado a un motor de corriente continua para el giro a velocidad variable.
El dispositivo de introducción de la válvula comprende una capa, un tubo, un dispositivo de empuje y una abrazadera. La capa del dispositivo de introducción de la válvula, la cápsula de introducción, comprende un manguito flexible que tiene una superficie externa generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente cilíndrica reforzado en el extremo proximal que está abierto, y posee un extremo distal semi-cerrado con una abertura perforada, la abertura distal, que tiene un diámetro aproximadamente igual al diámetro interno del canal de introducción (50) (Fig. 7). La cápsula de introducción está fabricada de un material duradero, no trombogénico y flexible, por ejemplo teflón recubierto de poliuretano con un diseño de malla o tamiz. La cápsula de introducción se caracteriza por su capacidad de contener y mantener el dispositivo de válvula protésica en su estado comprimido permitiendo un fácil transporte a través de la vasculatura del huésped. La cápsula de introducción está reforzada en su base con un sólido distinto a una malla o tamiz, por ejemplo poliuretano sólido recubierto con teflón, con el fin de sostener el anillo de montaje y los clavos de montaje del dispositivo de válvula protésica en su estado comprimido dentro de la cápsula de introducción.
La abrazadera (70) se une de manera circunferencial a la superficie externa de la cápsula de introducción en el extremo proximal de la cápsula. La abrazadera comprende un dispositivo expansible circunferencialmente, como una serie de globos segmentados, y se caracteriza por tener la capacidad de expandirse para mantener la cápsula de introducción en una posición determinada durante la liberación del dispositivo de válvula protésica (Fig. 8). Cada globo segmentado puede tener un canal de hinchado/deshinchado para proporcionar expansión y compresión segmental autónoma. La expansión diferencial de la serie de globos segmentados es dirigida desde un control externo como se hace con el dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal. El hinchamiento individual diferencial permite un posicionamiento exacto de la cápsula de introducción en la proximidad del emplazamiento deseado de colocación de la válvula.
El tubo del dispositivo de introducción de la válvula, el canal de introducción, comprende un cilindro alargado flexible. El canal de introducción (50) está fabricado de un material flexible y duradero, por ejemplo teflón recubierto de poliuretano u otros materiales que tengan las siguientes características: flexibilidad, durabilidad, y no trombogenia. El canal de introducción tiene una superficie externa generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente cilíndrica. El extremo proximal del canal de introducción está unido circunferencialmente en torno a la abertura distal de la cápsula de introducción y las salidas de extremo distales del canal de introducción a través del punto de entrada vascular (Fig. 9). Para su uso en un humano adulto, el canal de introducción tiene preferiblemente un diámetro interno de aproximadamente 0.5-10 mm, que le hace capaz de contener el canal de empuje (55) del dispositivo de empuje. Para su uso en un huésped distinto a un humano adulto, este intervalo de tamaños del diámetro interno se puede aumentar o disminuir en función del tamaño del huésped y del lumen. El canal de introducción y el canal de empuje se caracterizan también por ser capaces de alojar instrumentos de succión o irrigación dentro de su lumen.
El dispositivo de empuje comprende un disco y un tubo. El disco de empuje (60) del dispositivo de empuje comprende un disco generalmente circular, con una superficie distal plana generalmente, una superficie proximal plana generalmente y una abertura central. El diámetro de la abertura debería ser menor que el diámetro usado en el canal de introducción. El disco de empuje está fabricado de un material duradero y flexible como el teflón recubierto de poliuretano u otros materiales que tengan las siguientes características: flexibilidad y durabilidad. La superficie proximal del disco de empuje entra en contacto con el dispositivo de válvula protésica contenido dentro de la cápsula de introducción (Fig. 9).
Unido a la superficie distal del disco de empuje circunferencialmente en torno a la abertura central del disco de empuje está el extremo proximal del tubo, el canal de empuje. El canal de empuje comprende un cilindro flexible alargado y está fabricado de un material duradero, flexible y no trombogénico que pueda mantener su integridad estructural de manera que no se deforme bajo la aplicación de presión externa (por ejemplo, teflón recubierto de poliuretano). El canal de empuje tiene una superficie externa generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente cilíndrica, y tiene un diámetro interno menor que el usado en el canal de introducción (Fig. 10). Se caracteriza por estar contenido dentro del lumen del canal de introducción con su extremo distal extendiéndose más allá del punto de entrada vascular a través del canal de introducción y por su capacidad de de permitir el paso del globo de montaje (75) y el hilo de guía (65). Se caracteriza asimismo por su capacidad de avanzar dentro del lumen del canal de introducción bajo la aplicación de presión externa en el punto de entrada vascular con el fin de hacer avanzar el disco de empuje dentro de la cápsula de introducción. El canal de empuje se caracteriza también por su capacidad de alojar instrumentos de succión o irrigación dentro de su lumen.
El dispositivo de válvula protésica comprende un manguito (80), una válvula y un anillo. El manguito es un cilindro flexible con forma cilíndrica que tiene una superficie externa generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente cilíndrica. El manguito se asegura en su superficie interna a la válvula y en la base de su superficie externa a un anillo comprimible, el anillo de montaje (85) (Figs. 11, 12). Entre los medios de fijación se pueden incluir la sutura, el enlace químico, la soldadura con láser, el grapado, u otros procedimientos. Entre los materiales de fijación se incluyen el polipropileno, el poliéster, el nylon, el acero inoxidable u otros materiales inertes y duraderos. El manguito es de un material duradero, compatible con el huésped, no trombogénico, flexible y comprimible, por ejemplo dacron o politetrafluoroetileno, para permitir que se comprima, maniobre, y transporte fácilmente a través de la vasculatura con el fin de permitir la colocación endovascular. La durabilidad del manguito permite asegurar la unión a otros objetos y capas, y permite que el manguito permanezca intacto a pesar del procedimiento de substitución, y la duración a largo plazo del dispositivo protésico dentro del huésped. Todos los componentes del dispositivo de válvula protésica, el anillo de montaje, el manguito y la válvula, son flexibles, comprimibles, no trombogénicos y duraderos.
La fijación a la capa interna del dispositivo de válvula protésica comprende una válvula que opera permitiendo el flujo circulatorio unidireccional de sangre. La válvula comprende un anillo con forma cilíndrica (100) que tiene una superficie externa generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente cilíndrica con al menos una cúspide (95) para permitir el flujo sanguíneo en una única dirección. La(s) cúspide(s) están unidas al extremo distal (con relación al flujo sanguíneo) del anillo cilíndrico. La(s) cúspide(s) se abren de manera distal para permitir la circulación de flujo sanguíneo a través del emplazamiento de la válvula, y a continuación se cierran alternativamente centralmente para prevenir el flujo circulatorio inverso. La válvula es flexible, comprimible, compatible con el huésped y no trombogénica. La válvula puede ser, por ejemplo, una válvula aórtica porcina conservada en glutaraldehído que posea tres cúspides que se abren distalmente para permitir el flujo sanguíneo unidireccional. La válvula también puede ser un homotrasplante o xenotrasplante fresco, criopreservado o conservado en glutaraldehído. El material óptimo será sintético, fabricado a partir de materiales no biológicos, no trombogénicos, flexibles, que se pueda transportar a través de la vasculatura, biocompatible y muy duradero de manera que pueda resistir una fijación permanente en el emplazamiento de la válvula. Es altamente deseable usar un material flexible cuando la válvula va a ser insertada mediante medios endovasculares.
El anillo de montaje (85) del dispositivo de válvula protésica está preferiblemente unido en la base de la superficie externa del manguito. El anillo de montaje está fabricado de materiales duraderos, con alta resistencia a la fractura, excelentes características a la fatiga y resistentes a la corrosión (por ejemplo, acero inoxidable, MP35N o elgiloy), y está estructurado en una arquitectura comprimible que se pueda contraer en su aplicación y expandir en la liberación de presión externa y mantener aún su forma básica. El anillo de montaje tiene una superficie externa generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente cilíndrica compuesta de una serie de clavos de montaje (90) para fijar el dispositivo de válvula protésica en el emplazamiento de la válvula deseado (Figs. 13-15). EL anillo de montaje proporciona una fijación endovascular sin sutura del dispositivo que le permite operar de manera autónoma. Los clavos están fijados mediante fusión, soldadura u otros procedimientos de conexión, con un ángulo de aproximadamente 30 a aproximadamente 150 grados con el anillo de montaje. La composición de ángulos proporciona una fijación segura de tal manera que el dispositivo de válvula protésica puede tolerar las variaciones de presión direccionales y de grado sobre la válvula que ocurren durante las diferentes fases del ciclo cardiaco. A medida que se ejerce una presión uniforme sobre la superficie interna del anillo de montaje, como por ejemplo por hinchamiento del globo de montaje, el anillo de montaje se expande y los clavos se extienden hacia la pared del lumen y se fijan en ella.
Una vez finalizada la implantación endovascular del dispositivo de válvula protésica en el huésped, la operación del dispositivo de válvula protésica se puede controlar mediante los mismos procedimientos usados para controlar las substituciones de válvulas llevadas a cabo mediante cirugía a corazón abierto. Se puede realizar un examen físico rutinario, ecocardiografía o angiografía periódica. Sin embargo, en contraste con la cirugía a corazón abierto, el huésped necesita un corto periodo de recuperación y puede volver a casa al cabo de un día del procedimiento endovascular. El dispositivo de válvula protésica se puede usar en cualquier paciente para el que se indiquen las válvulas bioprotésicas, como los pacientes mayores con enfermedades de válvulas cardiacas, y pacientes que no toleran procedimientos a corazón abierto o anticoagulación a largo plazo. Además, con el desarrollo de válvulas sintéticas de mayor duración, flexibles y no trombogénicas alternativas a la bioprótesis, el dispositivo de válvula protésica estará indicado para todos los pacientes en los que las ventajas relativas de larga vida, cualidad no trombogénica, y facilidad de la inserción de los dispositivos de válvula protésica prevalezcan sobre los inconvenientes de las válvulas mecánicas. La anticoagulación puede ser beneficiosa en ciertas situaciones clínicas para uso tanto a corto como a largo plazo.
El dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal, la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento y el cortador de tejido se pueden aplicar conjuntamente entre sí, para la instrumentación o en la eliminación de válvulas o tejido cardiaco, aórtico, cerebrovascular, mesentérico, renal o de venas periféricas, y serían especialmente importantes en cualquier parte en el sistema cardiaco o vascular cuando sea problemática la embolia periférica o sea esencial la colocación exacta de los instrumentos. También se pueden usar en otros lúmenes, por ejemplo, los tractos gastrointestinal, genitourinario, biliar y respiratorio. Además, el sistema de substitución de válvulas se puede usar para suplantar así como para sustituir una válvula o prótesis de un huésped. En tal procedimiento la válvula o prótesis con mal funcionamiento no es eliminada mediante el cortador de tejido, y el dispositivo de válvula protésica se fija en un emplazamiento endovascular de manera que el dispositivo suplante la función de la válvula o prótesis con mal funcionamiento. Además, el sistema de substitución de la válvula se podría usar en especies no humanas, por ejemplo otros mamíferos.
Ahora que la invención se ha descrito completamente, será evidente para cualquier experto en la materia que se pueden realizar muchos cambios y modificaciones de la misma sin desviarse del alcance de las reivindicaciones añadidas.

Claims (5)

1. Dispositivo para llevar a cabo un procedimiento intraluminal en un emplazamiento de un paciente, comprendiendo dicho dispositivo una barrera (20) que entra en contacto con la pared del lumen cuando se encuentra en una condición expandida; y
una cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento que tiene un manguito tubular flexible (15), estando montada la barrera sobre un elemento flexible para el transporte de la barrera (20) de manera endoluminal hacia dicho emplazamiento, siendo la barrera (20) móvil con relación al manguito (15) para salir del manguito, y siendo capaz de expandirse para entrar en contacto con la pared del lumen cuando se produzca dicha salida para rodear el emplazamiento, caracterizado por el hecho de que el elemento flexible es tubular para ofrecer un canal de trabajo en su interior, estando unido un extremo abierto del canal de trabajo (5) a un extremo perforado de la barrera para permitir una salida del canal de trabajo.
2. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1, en el que la barrera (20) es de un material permeable selectivamente.
3. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1, en el que la barrera (20) tiene una abrazadera (25) expansible circunferencialmente de manera diferencial para permitir cambios en el ángulo del canal de trabajo (5) de la barrera, con relación al emplazamiento.
4. Dispositivo de la reivindicación 1, que comprende además:
un cortador de tejido para la eliminación de tejido no deseado, teniendo el cortador de tejido al menos una cuchilla (45) y un cable (35), estando el cable en el canal de trabajo, y siendo dicha al menos una cuchilla (45) móvil en un estado no extendido, y siendo capaz de paso endovascular hasta el emplazamiento rodeado cuando se encentra en la posición no extendida.
5. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 4, en el que dicha al menos una cuchilla (45) posee una bisagra (30) para permitir el movimiento de la cuchilla (45) hacia y desde condiciones no extendidas y extendidas.
ES99108298T 1991-07-16 1992-07-15 Dispositivo para la substitucion de valvulas aorticas. Expired - Lifetime ES2207885T3 (es)

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ES02019355T Expired - Lifetime ES2296854T3 (es) 1991-07-16 1992-07-15 Reemplazo de valvula endovascular.
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US20020058995A1 (en) 2002-05-16
EP1283027A2 (en) 2003-02-12
EP1283027B1 (en) 2007-11-14
EP0597967A1 (en) 1994-05-25
US8915959B2 (en) 2014-12-23
AU668690B2 (en) 1996-05-16
CA2113476C (en) 2006-10-10
DE69230375D1 (de) 2000-01-05
DE69233715D1 (de) 2007-12-27
AU2412792A (en) 1993-02-23
DE69230375T2 (de) 2000-07-06
DE69233210D1 (de) 2003-10-23
EP1283027A3 (en) 2003-04-23
DE69233210T2 (de) 2004-08-19
EP0937439B1 (en) 2003-09-17
DE69233715T2 (de) 2008-10-30
JPH06511167A (ja) 1994-12-15
US20110270388A9 (en) 2011-11-03
US20040236418A1 (en) 2004-11-25
EP0937439A2 (en) 1999-08-25
US20040225355A1 (en) 2004-11-11
EP0597967A4 (en) 1994-12-07
EP0597967B1 (en) 1999-12-01
CA2113476A1 (en) 1993-02-04
ES2142829T3 (es) 2000-05-01
ES2296854T3 (es) 2008-05-01
US6338735B1 (en) 2002-01-15
US5545214A (en) 1996-08-13
US5370685A (en) 1994-12-06
WO1993001768A1 (en) 1993-02-04
EP0937439A3 (en) 1999-10-13

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