ES2281118T3 - PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A FIBER COMPOSITE MATERIAL IN THE FORM OF A DATE AND FIBER COMPOSITE MATERIAL IN THE FORM OF A DATE. - Google Patents

Abstract

Molten glass filaments are deposited on a rotating drum and solidify as fibers (3). They are scraped off by a blade (4) and fed tangentially to a conical forming chamber (6) where they swirl round, optionally assisted by an air current. A core yarn (12) is introduced axially to produce a wrapped composite strand. Independent claims are also included for: (a) an apparatus for feeding the core yarn (12) at one end (9) and removing the composite at the other end (8) of the forming chamber (6), optionally with intermingling or texturizing of the core feed (13); and (b) a composite strand (14) with a staple fiber or filament yarn core wrapped with glass fibers.

Description

Procedure and device for manufacturing of a fibrous composite material in the form of wick and material fibrous wick-shaped compound.

The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a fibrous, wick-shaped composite material, made of glass fibers and at least one contribution material, in which a large number of glass fibers is conducted to within an enclosure, which is essentially symmetrical of revolution and closed at least in the perimeter direction with the exception of an entrance hole, within which they form a swirl of fibers that are extracted in the form of a ribbon of fibers on one side front of the enclosure, and the contribution material is introduced in The enclosure.

In addition, the invention relates to a device for the manufacture of a fibrous composite material in the form of wick, made of glass fibers and at least one material of contribution, with a spinning hopper, which presents on its face perimeter a longitudinal opening for feeding and on one side front one extraction hole, and with a device for extraction.

Finally, the invention relates to a fibrous wick-shaped composite material, made of fibers of glass and synthetic material, in which the synthetic material conforms the soul of the fibrous composite material, which is lined with glass fibers.

Glass fibers have given good results in many application purposes. When they are made forming flat materials, for example, in the form of fabrics or veil, they constitute many times the support for a coating. They are examples of this, roof covering fabrics or floor coverings. In order for the function to be fulfilled bearing, to the fibrous structures formed by the fibers of glass certain requirements are required, especially as regards to the capacity of stretching and the resistance to breakage. Also when fibrous structures with glass fibers they only exist in the form of a cord, for example, as a wick or thread, there are similar requirements.

It is true that the fibrous structures that They consist exclusively of glass fibers and fabrics manufactured from them have great dimensional stability in changing thermal conditions. Usually they also have high resistance to breakage, but can hardly stretch. By that reason is known to combine glass fibers with fibers of plastic or synthetic fibers. For example, in the case of fabric tapes for support it is known to conform them in several layers, being a layer of fiberglass fabric and another layer of synthetic fiber fabric. Synthetic fibers are distinguished in particular due to high elongation. However they have a reduced dimensional stability Then the fiber tape synthetic will lengthen because of variations in temperature and very small undulations will be generated, since the tape of Fiberglass support does not expand together or contract. In the undulations moisture can penetrate, so that, by example, in the case of roofing fabrics, failures can occur in waterproofing.

For that reason tests have already been carried out to stimulate the combination of glass fibers and fibers synthetic during the manufacture of the fibrous composite. Thus, for example, the patent DE 36 34 904 A1 is known as feed the drum that is used for the extraction and production of glass fibers with fibers or strands of other material, which then they are conducted in parallel to the glass fibers until inside the closed space of the spinning hopper where swirl together. The synthetic material, for example, It can be sprayed on the drum. In this case you will get a relatively homogeneous fiber mix, that is, in the material fibrous compound will be presented in the glass fibers section and synthetic fibers with a statistically distributed preset

US 3 625 809 A shows a material fibrous, wick-shaped compound, made of glass fibers and a synthetic matter, in which synthetic matter is configured as the soul of the fibrous composite material, which is lined by glass fibers In the case of glass fibers it is about continuous glass filaments.

EP 0 498 216 A1 shows a thread that It consists of several layers. A synthetic core is wrapped by Two layers of synthetic material. About these layers of material synthetic is a third layer formed by a wire, which is composed, for example, of stainless steel. This layer in turn is wrapped by a fourth layer of polyester and a fifth layer of Another polyester fiber. Glass fibers can also be used as a core or as a coating.

US 3 938 313 A shows a tire reinforcement and a manufacturing process. A soul, which can be formed by a strand of synthetic material or by cut fiber or by continuous fibers, is spirally wrapped by continuous glass filaments. For this it is necessary that the organs for the supply of the glass fibers rotate relatively with respect to the soul so
keep going.

US 3 620 280 A shows another fibrous composite material for the reinforcement of certain articles, such as, for example, tires. The material fibrous compound has a soul of organic fibers on which a glass of fibers is presently rolled continuously.

The role that forms the basis for the invention is to be able to better control the conformation of the material fibrous compound

This task is solved in a procedure of the genre cited at the beginning making the material of contribution is entered by the front face that is in front of that, by which the fibrous tape is removed.

In this way it is possible to configure in a way more directed correspondence between glass fibers and the contribution material. With this it is possible, for example, to achieve a certain distribution of the glass fibers and the material of contribution throughout the section of the composite material fibrous. In particular you can get the swirl of fibers of glass and the contribution material are structured in a way practically concentric with respect to each other, which was not possible with the known procedure. This way of proceeding, by One part, facilitates handling. The space in which the swirling can substantially be left without modifications. On the other hand, the possibility of be able to effect a directed combination of glass fibers and the contribution material.

Preferably the contribution material will be Will present in wick form. This wick, for example a material fibrous compound of staple fibers or filaments or a single monofilament, can then be combined with glass fibers in a directed manner, so that a composite material is obtained fibrous made of swirling glass fibers and material of wick form contribution. Then the glass fibers they will ensure a certain dimensional stability within the material fibrous compound, while the contribution material can achieve other properties, such as, for example, an ability to enhanced elongation

In this case it is especially preferred that the contribution material is conducted essentially in a manner centered across the enclosure. For example, you can take the Contribution material through the site before entering glass fibers Then, on the one hand, the contribution material It will facilitate the extraction of glass fibers from the enclosure. Then the properties of the fibrous composite material that originates. Composite material fibrous will present a soul made of the contribution material that It is surrounded by glass fibers. Thus the soul or core are protected by glass fibers. If the soul is constituted, for example, for a combustible material, then thanks to the fiberglass wrap you can get a better fire behavior on a stand that is manufactured with the aid of a similar fibrous composite material, that is, a similar material may withstand the action of the fire. The core or soul structure of contribution material and fiberglass coating is obtained in a way relatively simple Certainly the fibrous composite It can still be crooked. But it does not have to be like that. I also know you can make the fibrous composite as wick, which It has the advantage of greater surface coverage in the manufacture of flat materials and that the thread manufacturing, which makes material manufacturing cheaper blueprints. Despite this, similar flat materials are stable enough

The contribution material will be formed preferably by several filaments. This improves the bond between the glass fibers and the contribution material. At swirling the filaments of the contribution material are release slightly from each other, thus allowing the fibers of Glass can be easily retained.

It is also preferred when the material of contribution has a superficial treatment. A treatment similar surface serves to increase the capacity of adhesion of the glass fibers in the contribution material.

In this case it is especially preferred that the contribution material is textured. The textured itself it is known to increase the volume of the material of input. But in the present case it can also be used in advantageous way to improve the capacity of glass fibers to get in touch with the contribution material.

As an alternative or in addition to what above, an agent can be applied to the contribution material Adhesion mediator. Then the glass fibers are they will stick to the surface of the contribution material.

In a preferred configuration the material Fibrous compound can be heat treated. In that case the Glass fibers can be fused with the contribution material. Here, in many cases, deep fusion is neither necessary nor neither desired. Most of the time it is enough that after the heat treatment the glass fibers are glued to the material of contribution.

This is especially advantageous when the material Contribution is a synthetic material. Then temperatures relatively small are enough to bring softening of the synthetic material, in particular the compounds of organic fibers, such that glass fibers can reach a sufficient bond with the synthetic material. The use of synthetic materials as input material already It is known in itself. But until now it was limited because through the combination of glass fibers with the material synthetic behavior was generated against fires that already It did not meet many requirements. If now, so to speak, he dresses the synthetic material with the glass fibers, then you can dramatically improve fire behavior and, otherwise, enjoy the advantages of a combination of glass fibers and synthetic material, namely high stability dimensional with changing temperatures at the same time as ductility under mechanical solicitations. A composite material similar fibrous is protected, for example, against jets of flame and radiant heat, such that the composite material  Fibrous can also be used for fabric manufacturing asphalt roofing if first a material is made support plane from the fibrous composite.

As synthetic material it will be used with preference polyester. Thanks to its mechanical properties the Polyester has shown, especially thanks to its ductility, Good results for the combination.

In the case of a device of the type cited at principle, the task is solved because on the front face opposite to the extraction hole there is a device Feeding for at least one contribution material.

As explained in the context of procedure, with the feeding device can be regulated the structuring of the fibrous composite material. Thanks to the provision of the feeding device on the front face of the spinning hopper, the input material can be fed from relatively directed way, such that the contribution material is find in a certain position of the material section fibrous compound

Preferably the feeding device present a thread distributor. A thread distributor It will sell a thread. Then the contribution material can be presented as "thread" that will later be lined by glass fibers The "thread" can be presented with many different settings It can be a monofilament, but it can also be a yarn of several filaments or fibers cut. It can also be a fiber composite relatively loose individual. Finally, you can also use a wire, for example, a copper wire.

Preferably the feeding device present a swirling device. The device of swirling can do, especially when the material of contribution consists of several filaments, which said filaments release something from each other, so that afterwards facilitate the fastening of glass fibers.

It also represents an advantage that after extraction hole has arranged a device swirling With this swirling device you retention forces within the material may increase fibrous compound

Preferably after the extraction hole will have arranged a device for heat treatment. With it may be heated the fibrous composite material for, by example, soften or begin the fusion of the soul of material synthetic. In this case the glass fibers will adhere better.

In the case of the fibrous composite material of the type quoted at the beginning, the improvement of the structure is achieved because glass fibers surround the soul like a whirlpool of fibers

As described above, this will Get an improved behavior against fires. He core or soul of synthetic material is protected by the fibers of surrounding glass, for example, in front of flying objects in combustion fire propagators. Glass fibers too form a screen against radiated heat, so that it they can take advantage of a combination of fibers of glass and synthetic material without having to assume most of the inconvenience As a fibrous composite material, a wick, i.e. a fibrous composite material of volume relatively large That later facilitates the manufacture of flat materials, because with this one you can achieve greater surface coverage. Certainly the soul of synthetic material Here it is not covered without gaps. But the configuration in the which glass fibers are arranged as a whirlpool around the soul is enough to get the properties desired, particularly with regard to behavior versus the fires.

It will be advantageous if the synthetic material is configured as filament or cut fiber wick or as thread of cut fibers. The glass fibers that are added in the swirling will then have the opportunity to submit to the surface of synthetic material.

This possibility is further improved if the Synthetic material is textured. Through texturing it obtains, on the one hand, an increase in volume and, on the other, that the surface open, so that the glass fibers can penetrate there and hold on, so to speak. This is applicable, about Everything, in the case of filaments.

The relationship between the weight of the fibers of glass and that of the synthetic material will preferably be found in the range from 5:95 to 80:20. With these values a relative flexibility to adapt the fibrous composite material to various applications

The invention also relates to a fabric made of a fibrous composite material that is manufactured and structured as described above. A fabric similar has a relatively good behavior against fires.

Preferably from a fabric similar and a coating, for example, bituminous, can be manufacture a fabric for roof covering. This one presents dimensional stability and remains for a long time waterproof even with changing ambient temperatures. For other part has a fire behavior sufficient to Be able to meet the safety requirements.

The invention is described below. based on an example of preferred execution in combination with a drawing. It shows:

Unique figure: schematic representation of a device for manufacturing this composite material fibrous.

The manufacture of glass fibers is Performs as described in DE 36 34 904 A1. Be expressly refers to that document.

In a manner not described in greater detail, it melts glass in a container that has exit holes on its side lower, called "bushings". The molten glass comes out of them and it forms a drop that when reaching a certain size falls down dragging behind it a glass thread. The nozzle is arranged such that the drop can fall in front of a drum of spinning (2). Laterally below the spinning drum (in the figure this would be from the non-visible rear side of the drum of spinning -2-) there is an inclined plate, on which the drop of glass keeps sliding. The thread that drags the drop behind of glass then reaches the spinning drum and is dragged by he. In this way on the surface of the spinning drum (2) is formed a large number of glass fibers (3) arranged next to each other. The glass fibers are transported on the spinning drum (2) or, as the case may be, on a layer of air adhered thereto, until reaching a lifting device (4), for example, a scraper blade The lifting device (4) lifts from the spinning drum (2), which rotates in the direction of the arrow (5), the Cluster of glass fibers. Then the glass fibers (3) are they introduce into a spinning hopper (6) that presents for this purpose a entrance hole (7) arranged in its perimeter wall. For the In addition, the spinning hopper (6) is closed in the perimeter direction. That way it encloses a space in which the swirls are swirled glass fibers (3) forming a swirl of fibers.

The spinning hopper (6) has at its end with the smallest diameter a front hole (8) that forms a extraction hole. On the opposite front side there is a feed hole (9). To form the swirl of fibers the spinning hopper (6) can be traversed from the hole of feed (9) to the extraction hole (8) by air or other gas

So far the device (1) and the procedure manufacturing that can be done with it corresponds to the process described in document DE 36 34 904 A1.

Now, additionally, in front of the hole power supply (9) a power supply device is installed (10) featuring a thread distributor (11) that will sell a thread of synthetic material (12). The synthetic material thread (12) is formed by several fibers, which can be configured as filaments or as cut fibers. In the case of the material thread synthetic, it will preferably be a polyester thread. In instead you can also use a monofilament or a wire.

The synthetic material thread (12) goes through a swirling device (13) in which it is textured. He textured leads to an increase in volume and at the same time as open the surface of the synthetic material thread (12), that is, Its fibers hollow out. The synthetic material thread (12) is driven through the spinning hopper (6). This can happen before the glass fibers are introduced (3). Since the synthetic material yarn (12) is essentially conducted centered through the spinning hopper (6), the fibers of Glass (3) is deposited around it when swirling. That is to say, they will form a swirl of fiberglass that has a core of synthetic material thread (12). Then, at the end of the hopper of spun through the extraction hole (8) a material is extracted fibrous compound (14) formed as a wick. This wick presents, such as said, a soul of synthetic material thread (12), which is wrapped by glass fibers (3) relatively loosely. Is that is, the fibrous composite (14) has a volume relatively large, so that it is provided for its elaboration in the form of a fabric, since a covering can be reached here relatively high surface.

The fibrous composite (14) can be made go through another swirling device (15), in which the mechanical cohesion between the material thread continues to improve synthetic (12) or, as appropriate, its fibers, and glass fibers (3). Finally, the fibrous composite (14) can also be also pass through a heating device (16), in the which is heated so much that the synthetic material thread (12) is soften This also leads to an improved bond between the fibers of glass (3) and the thread of synthetic material (12). After the fibrous composite (14) is wound in a device winding (17).

By controlling the drum load of spinning (2) the relationship between the material can be controlled Synthetic thread of synthetic material (12) and glass fibers (3). If bushings are used with few injectors starting of which drops can be generated, then the weight ratio from the synthetic material will grow. The density of glass fibers (3) in the spinning drum is reduced. Naturally likewise the proportion of glass fibers in the material can be increased fibrous compound when bushings are used with more injectors

The synthetic material thread (12) is also You can apply a mediating agent for adhesion before entering in the spinning hopper (6) in order to improve the adhesion of the glass fibers (3) on the synthetic material thread (12).

Instead of a synthetic material thread (12) other materials can also be used, for example, a wire, especially a copper wire.

A fabric that is manufactured from the material fibrous compound (14) has a behavior against fires that is better than the material combination synthetic / fiberglass commonly used. It is protected especially against flying objects in combustion propagators of fire and radiant heat, so that it can be used in advantageous form for roof coverings in which the fabric of the fabric is coated with a bituminous layer or with a similar product.

Claims (21)

1. Process for the manufacture of a fibrous composite material (14) in the form of a wick made of glass fibers (3) and at least one input material (12), in which a large number of glass fibers (3 ) is conducted into an enclosure with essentially symmetry of revolution and closed at least in the perimeter direction with the exception of an entry hole (7), within which they form a swirl of fibers that is extracted in the form of a tape of fibers by a front face of the enclosure, and the contribution material (12) is introduced into the enclosure, characterized in that the contribution material (12) is introduced from the front face opposite to that by which the fiber tape is removed. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the addition material (12) is in the form of a wick. 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the addition material (12) is essentially conducted through the enclosure in a centered manner. Method according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the contribution material (12) is formed by several filaments. 5. Method according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the contribution material (12) receives a surface treatment. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the contribution material (12) is textured. Method according to claims 5 or 6, characterized in that an adhesion mediating agent is applied to the contribution material (12). Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fibrous composite material (14) receives a heat treatment. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the contribution material (12) is a synthetic material. 10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that polyester is used as synthetic material. 11. Device for the manufacture of a fibrous composite material in the form of a wick made of glass fibers and at least one contribution material, with a spinning hopper, which has a longitudinal opening in its perimeter face for feeding and in its front face an extraction hole, and with an extraction device, characterized in that a feeding device (10) for at least one input material (12) is arranged on the front face opposite to that of the extraction hole (8) ). 12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the feeding device (10) has a wire distributor (11). 13. Device according to claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the feeding device (10) has a swirling device (13). 14. Device according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that a swirling device (15) is arranged behind the extraction hole (8). 15. Device according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that an installation for heat treatment (16) is arranged behind the extraction hole (8). 16. Wick-shaped fibrous composite material made of glass fibers and synthetic material, in which the synthetic material is configured as the core of the fibrous composite material (14) that is wrapped by the glass fibers (3), characterized in that the glass fibers (3) surround the soul like a swirl of fibers. 17. Fibrous composite material according to claim 16, characterized in that the synthetic material is configured as a filament or cut fiber wick or as a cut fiber thread. 18. Fibrous composite material according to claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the synthetic material is textured. 19. Fibrous composite material according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the ratio between the weight of the glass fibers (3) and that of the synthetic material is in the range between 5:95 and 80:20. 20. Fabric made of a composite material fibrous according to one of claims 16 to 19. 21. Roof covering fabric with a fabric according to claim 20 and a coating.