[go: up one dir, main page]

ES2167338T3 - Composicion para tratar pacientes con enfermedades hepaticas. - Google Patents

Composicion para tratar pacientes con enfermedades hepaticas.

Info

Publication number
ES2167338T3
ES2167338T3 ES94103163T ES94103163T ES2167338T3 ES 2167338 T3 ES2167338 T3 ES 2167338T3 ES 94103163 T ES94103163 T ES 94103163T ES 94103163 T ES94103163 T ES 94103163T ES 2167338 T3 ES2167338 T3 ES 2167338T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
composition
hepatic
ready
treat patients
hepatic diseases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES94103163T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ahmad Reza Kamarei
Eric Leopold
Dirk H Montagne
Susan L Trimbo
Guy Vaussard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe des Produits Nestle SA
Nestle SA
Original Assignee
Societe des Produits Nestle SA
Nestle SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe des Produits Nestle SA, Nestle SA filed Critical Societe des Produits Nestle SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2167338T3 publication Critical patent/ES2167338T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A23L33/12Fatty acids or derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/40Complete food formulations for specific consumer groups or specific purposes, e.g. infant formula
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Pediatric Medicine (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

SE PROPORCIONA UNA COMPOSICION QUE PROVEE UNA FORMULACION NUTRITIVAMENTE COMPLETA, CALORIFICAMENTE DENSA, ADECUADA PARA USO COMO UN ALIMENTO SUPLEMENTARIO O TOTALMENTE COMPLETO. LA COMPOSICION ESTA ESPECIFICAMENTE ADAPTADA PARA ENFRENTARSE A LOS REQUERIMIENTOS DE PACIENTES HEPATICOS QUE NECESITAN DE SOPORTE NUTRITIVO. EN CONTRASTE CON LAS FORMULAS HEPATICAS CORRIENTES, LA COMPOSICION ESTA LISTA PARA USO Y NO REQUIERE RECONSTITUCION O MEZCLADO. LA FORMULA LISTA PARA USO CONTIENE UNA FUENTE DE PROTEINA QUE CONTIENE AL MENOS 25% DE SU CONTENIDO DE PROTEINA TOTAL COMO AMINO ACIDOS CRISTALINOS LIBRES.
ES94103163T 1993-03-09 1994-03-03 Composicion para tratar pacientes con enfermedades hepaticas. Expired - Lifetime ES2167338T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/028,373 US5571783A (en) 1993-03-09 1993-03-09 Composition and method for treating patients with hepatic disease

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2167338T3 true ES2167338T3 (es) 2002-05-16

Family

ID=21843089

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES94103163T Expired - Lifetime ES2167338T3 (es) 1993-03-09 1994-03-03 Composicion para tratar pacientes con enfermedades hepaticas.

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5571783A (es)
EP (1) EP0614616B1 (es)
JP (1) JPH0748270A (es)
AT (1) ATE209864T1 (es)
AU (1) AU5763094A (es)
CA (1) CA2116947A1 (es)
DE (1) DE69429297T2 (es)
DK (1) DK0614616T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2167338T3 (es)
PT (1) PT614616E (es)

Families Citing this family (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9419345D0 (en) * 1994-09-26 1994-11-09 Sandoz Nutrition Ltd Organic compounds
US5589468A (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-12-31 Clintec Nutrition Co. Method for providing nutrition to elderly patients
FI972744L (fi) * 1995-02-23 1997-08-22 Novartis Nutrition Ag Aminohappokokoonpanoja ja niiden käyttö kliinisessä ravinnossa
US5656608B1 (en) * 1995-02-23 2000-09-26 Novartis Nutrition Ltd Amino acid compositions and methods of treatment using same
GB9512100D0 (en) * 1995-06-14 1995-08-09 Sandoz Nutrition Ltd Improvements in or relating to organic compounds
CA2173780A1 (en) * 1995-06-01 1996-12-02 Randy Grote Method for providing nutrition in a variety of compositional forms
US5728678A (en) * 1995-06-06 1998-03-17 Nestec Ltd. Method and composition for providing nutrition to a renal failure patient
JPH09194364A (ja) * 1996-01-22 1997-07-29 Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd ビタミンa吸収促進剤
WO1997038593A1 (en) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-23 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Inc. Diabetic supplement bar
US5866555A (en) * 1997-03-12 1999-02-02 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Diabetic supplement bar
US5817329A (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-10-06 Gardiner; Paul T. Nutritional supplement for increased muscle size and strength for body builders
IT1291126B1 (it) * 1997-04-01 1998-12-29 Sigma Tau Ind Farmaceuti Composizioni solide atte alla somministrazione orale comprendenti sali non igroscopici della l-carnitina e delle alcanoil l-carnitine
ES2132021B1 (es) * 1997-05-28 2000-02-16 Riera Simon Schwartz Formulas de aminoacidos para personas de la tercera edad y procedimiento para el calculo de las mismas.
FR2765481B1 (fr) * 1997-07-07 2000-12-08 Jacques Bogart Sa Complexe amino-lipidique vitamine
US20040022827A1 (en) * 1997-09-30 2004-02-05 Chugai Seiyaku Kabusiki Kaisha Remedy for hepatopathy
WO2002069964A1 (en) 2001-03-05 2002-09-12 Ernest Stephen P Enteral formulation
ES2291406T3 (es) * 2001-11-26 2008-03-01 Nestec S.A. Composicion nutritiva auto-estable, que contiene proteina de suero lacteo, intacta, procedimiento de fabricacion y uso.
US20030105104A1 (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-06-05 Burzynski Stanislaw R. Formulation of amino acids and riboflavin useful to reduce toxic effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy
AU2002367129A1 (en) * 2001-12-25 2003-07-15 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Organ fibrosis inhibitors
CN1662229B (zh) * 2002-06-21 2010-05-26 奥里尔股份有限公司 牛磺酸和/或亚牛磺酸在制备治疗秃头症的药物中的应用
JPWO2004019928A1 (ja) * 2002-08-30 2005-12-15 味の素株式会社 肝疾患治療剤
US20040219188A1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2004-11-04 Comer Gail M. Composition and methods for nutritional management of patients with hepatic disease
US7256202B2 (en) * 2003-12-31 2007-08-14 Halow George M Composition and method for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
US20060089412A1 (en) * 2004-10-18 2006-04-27 Ajinomoto Co. Inc. Pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
DE602005019319D1 (de) 2004-11-26 2010-03-25 Ucl Business Plc Zusammensetzungen mit ornithin und phenylacetat oder phenylbutyrat zur behandlung von hepatischer enzephalopathie
JP2006241140A (ja) * 2005-02-01 2006-09-14 Otsuka Pharmaceut Factory Inc 肝疾患用栄養組成物
US20100144875A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2010-06-10 Larson Brian T Compositions and Methods for Preserving Brain Function
BRPI0621481A2 (pt) * 2006-03-23 2011-12-13 Nestec Sa suplemento nutricional de alta caloria
US20090092657A1 (en) * 2007-10-09 2009-04-09 Douglas Burke Amino acid combinant omega oil aphrodisiac
RU2379065C1 (ru) * 2008-04-24 2010-01-20 Государственное учреждение научно-исследовательский институт общей реаниматологии Российской академии медицинских наук Способ зондового питания больных с черепно-мозговой травмой
EP2300020B1 (en) * 2008-07-07 2018-06-27 Pentec Health, Inc. Nutritive compositions and methods of using same
PT2413924T (pt) 2009-04-03 2018-01-04 Ocera Therapeutics Inc Fenil acetato de l-ornitina e métodos de preparação do mesmo
EA025735B1 (ru) 2009-06-08 2017-01-30 ЮСиЭл БИЗНЕС ПиЭлСи Способ лечения портальной гипертензии с использованием l-орнитина в сочетании по меньшей мере с одним из соединений, выбранных из фенилацетата и фенилбутирата
AU2010331939B2 (en) * 2009-12-18 2013-10-03 Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. Protein recovery beverage
CN102883729A (zh) * 2010-01-04 2013-01-16 潘泰克健康公司 营养组合物及其使用方法
ES2660037T3 (es) 2010-06-28 2018-03-20 Nestec S.A. Composiciones nutritivas hipocalóricas, de alto contenido en proteínas y procedimientos para su utilización
KR101213825B1 (ko) 2010-07-16 2012-12-18 서울대학교산학협력단 세린을 유효성분으로 함유하는 지방간 질환의 예방 및 치료용 조성물
EA028395B1 (ru) 2010-10-06 2017-11-30 Осера Терапьютикс, Инк. Способы получения фенилацетата l-орнитина
US20210176999A1 (en) 2011-04-17 2021-06-17 Omega Foods, LLC Prepared foods having high efficacy omega-6/omega-3 balanced polyunsaturated fatty acids
WO2013133691A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 N.V. Nutricia Liquid nutritional composition comprising free amino acids
BR112017010761B1 (pt) 2014-11-24 2022-10-18 Ucl Business Plc Tratamento de doenças associadas à ativação de célula estrelada hepática com o uso de terapias de redução de amônia
JP6990170B2 (ja) 2015-08-18 2022-01-12 オセラ セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド L-オルニチンをフェニルアセテートおよびフェニルブチレートのうちの少なくとも1つと組み合わせて用いる筋肉喪失の治療および予防
JOP20190146A1 (ar) 2016-12-19 2019-06-18 Axcella Health Inc تركيبات حمض أميني وطرق لمعالجة أمراض الكبد
AU2018266357B2 (en) 2017-05-11 2022-12-08 Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. Processes of making L-ornithine phenylacetate
JP7266581B2 (ja) 2017-08-14 2023-04-28 アクセラ・ヘルス・インコーポレイテッド 肝疾患の治療のためのアミノ酸組成物
EP3810123A1 (en) 2018-06-20 2021-04-28 Axcella Health Inc. Compositions and methods for the treatment of fat infiltration in muscle

Family Cites Families (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3697287A (en) * 1969-01-28 1972-10-10 Morton Norwich Products Inc Amino acid food composition
US3698912A (en) * 1969-07-01 1972-10-17 Morton Norwich Products Inc Process for making nutrient composition
US3773930A (en) * 1971-03-23 1973-11-20 Johnson & Johnson Amino acid composition
IT987278B (it) * 1973-05-11 1975-02-20 Snam Progetti Procedimento per la preparazione di l carbamil ammino acidi e dei corrispondenti l amminoacidi
US3920838A (en) * 1973-09-04 1975-11-18 Flatt Jean Pierre Amino acid therapy
GB1511302A (en) * 1974-04-15 1978-05-17 Univ Johns Hopkins Pharmaceutical compositions comprising amino acid analogues
US4100293A (en) * 1974-04-15 1978-07-11 The Johns Hopkins University Treatment of hepatic disorders with therapeutic compositions comprising keto analogs of essential amino acids
US3950529A (en) * 1975-02-03 1976-04-13 Massachusetts General Hospital Amino acid formulations for patients with liver disease and method of using same
US4098910A (en) * 1975-02-19 1978-07-04 International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. Flavoring with certain 3-furyl alkyl disulfides
US4025650A (en) * 1975-11-24 1977-05-24 Control Drug, Inc. Method and composition for preventing nutritional deficiency
US4053589A (en) * 1975-11-24 1977-10-11 Control Drug Inc. Method of treating nutritional deficiency during cardiac cachexia, diabetes, hypoglycemia, gastroenterology, lipid, cell glycogen and keratin-related skin conditions and alcoholism
US4288546A (en) * 1976-04-09 1981-09-08 The Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Process for the large scale production of pituitary hormones by serial secondary suspension culture
US4124448A (en) * 1976-04-09 1978-11-07 The Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Process for the large scale production of human growth hormone by serial secondary suspension culture
US4082613A (en) * 1976-04-23 1978-04-04 The Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Process for the production of insulin by genetically transformed fungal cells
US4288542A (en) * 1976-04-30 1981-09-08 The Upjohn Company Radioenzymatic assay of catecholamines
GB1592791A (en) * 1977-01-07 1981-07-08 Radiochemical Centre Ltd Selenium- or tellurium-containing bile acids and derivatives thereof
DE2750159C3 (de) * 1977-11-09 1980-05-22 Lentia Gmbh, Chem. U. Pharm. Erzeugnisse - Industriebedarf, 8000 Muenchen Infusionslösung zur Behandlung von hepatischer Encephalopathie und ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US4320146A (en) * 1978-03-17 1982-03-16 The Johns Hopkins University Treatment of hepatic and renal disorders with ornithine and arginine salts of branched chain keto acids
JPS5536457A (en) * 1978-09-08 1980-03-14 Ajinomoto Co Inc Amino acid infusion
JPS5564512A (en) * 1978-11-11 1980-05-15 Kanebo Ltd Cosmetic composition of oil-in-water emulsion
US4391909A (en) * 1979-03-28 1983-07-05 Damon Corporation Microcapsules containing viable tissue cells
US4352814A (en) * 1979-04-18 1982-10-05 The Johns Hopkins University Treatment of hepatic and renal disorders with mixed salts of essential or semi-essential amino acids and nitrogen-free analogs
US4254103A (en) * 1979-06-08 1981-03-03 Institul de Cercetari Chimicofarmaceutice Hepatoprotector Factor (HF) and method of treatment
US4216065A (en) * 1979-06-18 1980-08-05 University Of Delaware Bio-selective electrode probes using tissue slices
US4252822A (en) * 1979-12-26 1981-02-24 Children's Hospital Medical Center Method for treating phenylketonuria
USRE30753E (en) * 1980-01-07 1981-09-29 The Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Process for the large scale production of human growth hormone by serial secondary suspension culture
US4284647A (en) * 1980-03-31 1981-08-18 The Johns Hopkins University Process for waste nitrogen removal
JPS5729949A (en) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-18 Nippon Koutai Kenkyusho:Kk Determination of sugar branch related to cancer and diagnostic technique of cancer
JPS5852634B2 (ja) * 1980-12-05 1983-11-24 株式会社林原生物化学研究所 ウロキナ−ゼの製造法
US4529543A (en) * 1981-02-24 1985-07-16 Newport Pharmaceuticals International Hepatosin
US4898879A (en) * 1981-06-29 1990-02-06 Baxter International Inc. Nurtitional composition for management of hepatic failure
JPS58126767A (ja) * 1982-01-22 1983-07-28 Ajinomoto Co Inc 肝臓病患者用栄養組成物
US4612302A (en) * 1983-11-14 1986-09-16 Brigham And Women's Hospital Clinical use of somatostatin analogues
FR2556594B1 (fr) * 1983-12-20 1988-09-09 Synthelabo Solutions d'acides amines
CH658165A5 (fr) * 1984-01-04 1986-10-31 Nestle Sa Produit alimentaire efficace dans le traitement de la lepre.
US4703062A (en) * 1984-01-16 1987-10-27 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Parenteral nutrition with medium and long chain triglycerides
US4704394A (en) * 1984-04-25 1987-11-03 Technology Unlimited, Inc. Treatment for hyperactivity
US4687782A (en) * 1984-12-10 1987-08-18 Nutri-Fuels Systems, Inc. Nutritional composition for enhancing skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise training
DE3521226A1 (de) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-14 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Gene fuer biologisch aktive proteine
JPH0667831B2 (ja) * 1986-01-13 1994-08-31 森永乳業株式会社 肝物質合成機能障害改善用のアミノ酸組成物
US4863898A (en) * 1986-02-06 1989-09-05 Albion International, Inc. Amino acid chelated compositions for delivery to specific biological tissue sites
US4920098A (en) * 1986-09-17 1990-04-24 Baxter International Inc. Nutritional support or therapy for individuals at risk or under treatment for atherosclerotic vascular, cardiovascular, and/or thrombotic diseases
US5053387A (en) * 1987-02-20 1991-10-01 Shriners Hospitals For Crippled Children Omega-3 fatty acids in traumatic injury treatment
US4780309A (en) * 1987-06-16 1988-10-25 Warner-Lambert Company Edible aerosol foam compositions and method of preparing same
FI892006A7 (fi) * 1988-04-29 1989-10-30 Phil Gold Laktalbumiini ruoan lisäaineena
JPH02145170A (ja) * 1988-11-29 1990-06-04 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd 液状蛋白補助食品
US5221668A (en) * 1992-02-26 1993-06-22 Abbott Laboratories Nutritional product for trauma and surgery patients

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE209864T1 (de) 2001-12-15
EP0614616B1 (en) 2001-12-05
EP0614616A2 (en) 1994-09-14
EP0614616A3 (en) 1995-07-26
CA2116947A1 (en) 1994-09-10
PT614616E (pt) 2002-04-29
AU5763094A (en) 1994-09-15
DE69429297D1 (de) 2002-01-17
DK0614616T3 (da) 2002-01-14
DE69429297T2 (de) 2002-10-24
JPH0748270A (ja) 1995-02-21
US5571783A (en) 1996-11-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ES2167338T3 (es) Composicion para tratar pacientes con enfermedades hepaticas.
IL87488A0 (en) Pharmaceutical compositions for the topical treatment of conditions associated with photodamaged skin,comprising substituted propenyl phenyl derivatives
DE69822832D1 (de) Therapeutische und lebensmittel-zusammensetzungen, welche essentielle fettsäuren und bioaktive disulfide enthalten
DE69620291D1 (de) Nahrungszusammensetzungen in verschiedenen Formen
NZ337129A (en) Medical food for diabetics comprising a mixture of linolenic acid and alkanoyl-L-carnitine
DK0567433T3 (da) Oralt indtagelige ernæringspræparater med forbedret smag
DE69124223D1 (de) Vitamine und mineralien enthaltende nahrungszusätze
GR3017282T3 (en) Novel arylpyridazines, their manufacture, use and medicaments containing them.
ATE129894T1 (de) Kurzbettige, einfach ungesättigte fettsäuren enthaltende nahrungsmittel und pharmazeutische zusammensetzungen sowie deren anwendungen.
DK0418593T3 (da) Protein-, peptid- og aminosyreblandinger med optimeret aminosyresammensætning
DK0598770T3 (da) Pyrazinderivater samt fremstilling og anvendelse deraf
IT1187687B (it) Composizioni farmaceutiche contenenti come principi attivi flavanolignani e fosfolipidi
DE69928276D1 (de) Verwendung natürlicher physiologisch aktiver substanzen gegen parasitäre fischerkrankungen
ES2106096T3 (es) Procedimiento para asegurar glutation intracelular adecuado en el tejido.
NZ242233A (en) Medicaments containing micronised dihydro-4-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy benzylidene)-2-methyl-2h-1,2-oxazin-3(4h)-one
DE69430416D1 (de) Zusammensetzungen aus Aminosäure zur Behandlung von Infektionen
SE8800988L (sv) Farmaceutiska kompositioner med verkan paa hjaertat och det kardiovaskulaera systemet samt foerfarande foer framstaellning av desamma
DE58903919D1 (en) Propanolaminderivate.
JPS5648857A (en) Low-protein feed
NO894083L (no) Farmasoeytiske blandinger for behandling av adrenoleukodystrophy.
FI964535A0 (fi) Ravinnevalmiste