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EP4408664A1 - Ensemble projection comprenant une vitre composite - Google Patents

Ensemble projection comprenant une vitre composite

Info

Publication number
EP4408664A1
EP4408664A1 EP22776931.2A EP22776931A EP4408664A1 EP 4408664 A1 EP4408664 A1 EP 4408664A1 EP 22776931 A EP22776931 A EP 22776931A EP 4408664 A1 EP4408664 A1 EP 4408664A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
pane
interior
projection arrangement
oxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22776931.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Hagen
Valentin SCHULZ
Martin Arndt
Pauline GIRARD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Sekurit France
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP4408664A1 publication Critical patent/EP4408664A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

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    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
    • G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
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    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10935—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin as a preformed layer, e.g. formed by extrusion
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/21—Oxides
    • C03C2217/218—V2O5, Nb2O5, Ta2O5
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/21—Oxides
    • C03C2217/22—ZrO2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/21—Oxides
    • C03C2217/23—Mixtures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
    • C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
    • C03C2218/113—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions by sol-gel processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/013—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature

Definitions

  • Projection arrangement comprising a composite pane
  • the invention relates to a projection arrangement, a method for its production and its use.
  • Windshields with functional elements are increasingly being used in vehicles. These include, for example, display elements that allow the glazing to be used as a display, with the glazing remaining transparent. Via displays of this type, the driver of a motor vehicle can have relevant information displayed directly on the windshield of the motor vehicle without having to take his or her eyes off the road. Applications in buses, trains or other forms of public transport, in which current information about the journey or advertising is projected onto the glazing, are also known.
  • HUD head-up display
  • the projection arrangements known under the term head-up display (HUD) consisting of a projector and a windshield with a wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer and/or wedge-shaped panes are often used to display navigation information in windshields.
  • a wedge angle is necessary to avoid double images.
  • the projected image appears in the form of a virtual image at a certain distance from the windshield, so that the driver of the motor vehicle perceives the projected navigation information as being on the road in front of him, for example.
  • DE 102009020824 A1 describes a virtual image system comprising a windshield and an image source, the real rays of the image source hitting the windshield, being reflected there as virtual rays and refracted rays of the real image rays hitting a matt black material on the windshield surfaces to avoid ghost images to prevent.
  • HUD projectors typically essentially s-polarized due to the better reflection characteristics of the windshield compared to p-polarization.
  • the viewer wears polarization-selective sunglasses that only transmit p-polarized light, the HUD image will at best be perceived as weakened.
  • a solution to this problem is the use of projection arrangements using p-polarized light.
  • DE102014220189A1 discloses a head-up display projection arrangement that is operated with p-polarized radiation, the windshield having a reflective structure that reflects p-polarized radiation in the direction of the viewer.
  • US20040135742A1 also discloses a head-up display projection arrangement using p-polarized radiation, which has a reflective structure.
  • WO 96/19347A3 proposes a multilayer polymer layer as a reflective structure.
  • WO 2021145387 A1 discloses a vehicle window with a HUD coating comprising high-index and low-index layers.
  • Another well-known concept for displaying information on a pane is the integration of display films based on diffuse reflection. These create a real image that appears to the viewer in the plane of the glazing. Glazings with transparent display films are known, for example, from EP 2 670 594 A1 and EP 2 856 256 A1. The diffuse reflection of the display element is generated by means of a rough internal surface and a coating on it. EP 3 151 062 A1 describes a projection arrangement for integration in automobile glazing.
  • the windshield of a motor vehicle can thus be used simultaneously as a projection surface for a virtual HUD image and a real image based on diffuse reflection.
  • These different projection technologies are also used to move displays such as the speedometer, warnings or vehicle data, which are traditionally integrated in the dashboard of a vehicle, to the windshield.
  • a large number of large-scale projections on the windshield can be irritating for the driver.
  • the projectors used for head-up displays must have a correspondingly high output to ensure that the projected image has sufficient brightness even with backlighting and can be easily recognized by the viewer.
  • Such projectors have a comparatively high energy consumption.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide such an improved laminated pane, a method for its production and its use.
  • the projection arrangement according to the invention comprises a compound pane and a light source for p-polarized light.
  • the laminated pane includes an outer pane with an outside surface (side I) and an inside surface (side II), a Inner pane having an outside surface (side III) and an inside surface (side IV) and a thermoplastic interlayer connecting the inside surface of the outer pane to the outside surface of the inner pane.
  • the laminated pane has at least a first partial area in which a reflective layer is arranged on the interior-side surface of the inner pane.
  • the reflection layer is arranged on the interior-side surface of the inner pane in such a way that it forms an exposed surface of the composite pane, ie the surface directly bordering on the surroundings.
  • the reflection layer forms the layer that is furthest away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the direction of the inner pane.
  • the reflection layer comprises at least one optically high-index layer with a refractive index of greater than or equal to 1.7 and one optically low-index layer with a refractive index of less than or equal to 1.6, arranged flat one above the other in this order.
  • the laminated pane also has at least one opaque cover layer in at least a second partial region of the laminated pane, which is arranged on the outside surface of the outer pane, on the interior surface of the outer pane, on the outside surface of the inner pane and/or on the interior surface of the inner pane is.
  • the opaque covering layer can be arranged directly or indirectly on the pane surface. At least one opaque cover layer is arranged in an area of the pane in which the reflection layer is also located, so that there is an overlapping area of reflection layer and opaque layer. Projecting the second sub-area with an opaque cover layer into the plane of the first sub-area, in which the reflection layer is located, results in at least partial congruence of the two sub-areas.
  • the reflection layer is at a smaller distance from the vehicle interior than the opaque covering layer.
  • the light source for p-polarized light is arranged on the side of the interior-side surface of the inner pane and is thus located in the vehicle interior when the projection arrangement is installed in a vehicle.
  • a reflective layer comprising a high-index layer and a low-index layer is particularly suitable in terms of high reflectivity for p-polarized light. In comparison to this, a single low-refractive layer or a single high-refractive layer show a significantly lower reflectivity.
  • the combination of the reflective layer according to the invention with the opaque covering layer lying behind it from the perspective of a vehicle occupant results in good visibility of the image, even in the event of external solar radiation, for occupants wearing sunglasses and when using weak light sources. Even under these circumstances, the image formed by the light source appears bright and is excellent in visibility. This enables a reduction in the power of the light source and thus reduced energy consumption.
  • the reflective layer is arranged spatially in front of the opaque cover layer when viewed through the inner pane.
  • the region of the laminated pane in which the reflection layer is arranged appears opaque as a result.
  • the reflective layer in front of the opaque background is preferably transparent, but can also be opaque itself.
  • the expression “looking through the laminated pane” means looking through the laminated pane, starting from the interior-side surface of the inner pane.
  • “spatially in front of” means that the reflection layer is arranged spatially further away from the outside surface of the outer pane than at least the opaque cover layer.
  • the opaque covering layer can be applied to one or more pane surfaces.
  • an advantage of the invention in this respect is that the reflective layer is suitable for being attached in a freely exposed manner on the interior-side surface of the inner pane.
  • the surface on which the opaque cover layer is to be placed can be freely selected according to customer requirements.
  • a reflection layer applied to the outside surface of the inner pane or the inside surface of the outer pane could be covered by a masking print lying further in the direction of the vehicle interior. This is avoided by means of the structure according to the invention. If the opaque cover layer is arranged on the interior-side surface of the inner pane, the reflection layer is applied to the surface of the opaque cover layer facing away from the inner pane and its function is therefore not impaired by the cover layer.
  • the reflection layer can be applied directly or indirectly, preferably directly, to the opaque cover layer.
  • the opaque cover layer is preferably widened at least in the area that overlaps with the reflection layer and in which the laminated pane is used to display images. This means that the opaque cover layer is perpendicular to the nearest one Considered section of the peripheral edge of the laminated pane has a greater width than in other sections. In this way, the opaque cover layer can be adapted to the dimensions of the reflection layer.
  • the opaque cover layer is preferably formed in the edge area of the laminated pane all the way around along the peripheral edge of the laminated pane, with the width of the cover layer varying.
  • an exposed surface means a surface that is accessible and has direct contact with the surrounding atmosphere. It can also be referred to as the external surface.
  • An exposed surface is to be distinguished from internal surfaces of a laminated pane that are bonded together via the thermoplastic interlayer. If the pane is designed as a composite pane, the outside surface of the outer pane and the interior surface of the inner pane (ie the substrate according to the invention) are exposed.
  • Arranged flat on top of one another means that the projection of a first layer in the plane of a second layer is at least partially congruent with the second layer.
  • the composite pane is a vehicle windshield.
  • the at least one opaque cover layer within the meaning of the invention is a layer that prevents the view through the laminated pane.
  • a transmission of at most 5%, preferably at most 2%, particularly preferably at most 1%, in particular at most 0.1%, of the light of the visible spectrum takes place through the opaque covering layer.
  • the light source of the projection arrangement emits p-polarized light and is arranged in the vicinity of the interior-side surface of the inner pane such that the light source irradiates this surface, with the light being reflected by the reflective layer of the composite pane.
  • the reflection layer preferably reflects at least 5%, preferably at least 6%, particularly preferably at least 10% of the p-polarized light impinging on the reflection layer in a wavelength range of 450 nm to 650 nm and angles of incidence of 55° to 75°. This is advantageous in order to achieve the greatest possible brightness of an image emitted by the light source and reflected on the reflection layer.
  • the light source is used to emit an image, so it can also be referred to as a display device or image display device.
  • a projector, a display or another device known to those skilled in the art can be used as the light source.
  • the light source is preferably a display, particularly preferably an LCD display, LED display, OLED display or electroluminescent display, in particular an LCD display.
  • Displays have a low installation height and can therefore be easily and space-savingly integrated into the dashboard of a vehicle. In addition, displays are much more energy-efficient to operate than projectors.
  • the comparatively lower brightness of displays is completely sufficient in combination with the reflection layer according to the invention and the opaque covering layer behind it.
  • the radiation from the light source preferably strikes the laminated pane at an incidence angle of 55° to 80°, preferably from 62° to 77° on the laminated pane in the region of the reflection layer.
  • the angle of incidence is the angle between the incidence vector of the radiation of the image display device and the surface normal at the geometric center of the reflective layer.
  • p-polarized light means light of the visible spectrum that has a majority of p-polarization.
  • the p-polarized light preferably has a proportion of light with p-polarization of at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90% and in particular about 100%.
  • the direction of polarization is considered in relation to the plane of incidence of the radiation on the laminated pane. Radiation whose electric field oscillates in the plane of incidence is referred to as p-polarized radiation.
  • S-polarized radiation is radiation whose electric field oscillates perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
  • the plane of incidence is spanned by the incidence vector and the surface normal of the laminated pane in the geometric center of the irradiated area.
  • the polarization ie in particular the proportion of p- and s-polarized radiation, is determined at a point in the area irradiated by the light source, preferably in the geometric center of the irradiated area. Since laminated panes can be curved (for example if they are designed as windscreens), which affects the plane of incidence of the radiation, slightly deviating polarization components can occur in the other areas, which is unavoidable for physical reasons.
  • At least one opaque cover layer is preferably arranged in an edge area of the outer pane.
  • a cover layer preferably serves to mask an adhesive bond of the laminated pane, for example as a windshield in a vehicle body. This achieves a harmonious overall impression of the laminated pane when installed.
  • the opaque cover print serves as UV protection for the adhesive material used.
  • An opaque cover layer located on the outer pane is preferably printed onto the outer pane, in particular using the screen printing method.
  • Screen printing processes for applying opaque cover layers to panes are known as such.
  • Such printed cover layers are also referred to as screen printing, black printing or black print and contain an opaque pigment, for example a black pigment.
  • black pigments are, for example, pigment black (carbon black), aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and graphite.
  • An opaque cover layer printed on using the screen printing process is preferably subjected to a temperature treatment in order to bond it permanently to the glass surface. The thermal treatment is typically performed at temperatures in the range of 450°C to 700°C. If the outer pane is bent, the temperature treatment of a screen print to be applied to it can also take place during the bending of the pane.
  • the opaque cover layer on the outer pane can be applied to the interior surface of the outer pane and/or to the outside surface of the outer pane.
  • the surface of the outer pane on the interior side is preferred insofar as the opaque cover print is protected from the effects of the weather.
  • At least one opaque covering layer in the form of an opaque covering print is particularly preferably arranged on the interior-side surface of the outer pane and/or the interior-side surface of the inner pane.
  • An opaque masking print applied to the interior surface of the inner pane also conceals the view from inside the vehicle through the laminated pane to the outside. For example, components that are laminated into the laminated pane, such as electrical connections, can be laminated.
  • the reflective layer arranged on the interior surface of the inner pane directly adjacent to the surroundings allows a combination with cover layers on the interior surface of the inner pane, in contrast to layers that are only suitable for use on the inside of the laminated pane.
  • a reflection layer applied on the inside, ie on side II or side III would be covered by a cover layer applied on side IV.
  • the reflection layer is applied to a partial area of the interior-side surface of the inner pane.
  • the reflection layer is preferably in direct contact with the interior surface of the inner pane (side IV) or an opaque cover layer applied to this pane surface.
  • the reflective layer is arranged at least in an area on side IV of the laminated pane which, when viewed through the laminated pane, overlaps the opaque cover layer. This means that the p-polarized light, which is projected from the light source onto the reflection layer, hits the laminated pane in the area where the opaque cover layer is located. This achieves a high contrast of the display.
  • the reflection layer comprises at least one optically high-index layer and one optically low-index layer in this order.
  • At least one optically low-index layer is arranged at a greater distance from the interior-side surface of the inner pane than an optically high-index layer.
  • at least one optically high-index layer is arranged at a smaller distance from the interior-side surface of the inner pane than an optically low-index layer.
  • the layers of the reflection layer are arranged flat one above the other on the interior-side surface of the inner pane.
  • the high-index layer preferably has a refractive index of at least 1.8, particularly preferably at least 1.9, very particularly preferably at least 2.0.
  • the increase in the refractive index brings about a high refractive index effect.
  • the high-index layer can also be referred to as a reflection-enhancing layer since it typically increases the overall reflectivity of the coated surface.
  • the refractive indices mentioned lead to particularly good results.
  • the refractive index is preferably at most 2.5 - a further increase in the refractive index would bring no further improvement with regard to the p-polarized radiation, but would increase the overall reflectivity.
  • refractive indices are generally given in relation to a wavelength of 550 nm. Methods for determining refractive indices are known to those skilled in the art. The refractive indices specified within the scope of the invention can be determined, for example, by means of ellipsometry, with commercially available ellipsometers being able to be used. Unless otherwise stated, the specification of layer thicknesses or thicknesses relates to the geometric thickness of a layer. Suitable materials for the high-index layer are silicon nitride (Sisl ⁇ ), a silicon-metal mixed nitride (e.g.
  • silicon zirconium nitride SiZrN
  • silicon-aluminum mixed nitride silicon-hafnium mixed nitride or silicon-titanium mixed nitride
  • aluminum nitride tin oxide, niobium oxide , bismuth oxide, titanium oxide, tin-zinc composite oxide and zirconium oxide.
  • transition metal oxides such as scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, tantalum oxide
  • lanthanide oxides such as lanthanum oxide or cerium oxide
  • the high-index layer preferably contains one or more of these materials or is based on them.
  • the high-index layer can be applied by physical or chemical vapor deposition, ie a PVD or CVD method (PVD: physical vapor deposition, CVD: chemical vapor deposition).
  • Suitable materials on the basis of which the coating is preferably formed are in particular silicon nitride, a silicon-metal mixed nitride (for example silicon zirconium nitride, silicon-aluminum mixed nitride, silicon-hafnium mixed nitride or silicon-titanium mixed nitride), aluminum nitride, tin oxide, niobium oxide , bismuth oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, or tin-zinc mixed oxide.
  • the high-index layer is preferably a coating applied by cathode sputtering (“sputtered”), in particular a coating applied by cathode sputtering with the assistance of a magnetic field (“magnetron-sputtered”).
  • the high-index layer is particularly preferably a sol-gel coating.
  • the advantages of the sol-gel process as a wet-chemical process are a high level of flexibility, which makes it possible, for example, to simply provide only parts of the pane surface with the coating, and low costs compared to gas-phase depositions such as cathode sputtering.
  • the high-index layer applied as a sol-gel coating preferably contains titanium oxide or zirconium oxide, particularly preferably titanium oxide, in order to achieve the refractive index according to the invention. Layers comprising titanium dioxide, which are deposited by means of PVD processes, are subject to greater changes in crystallinity when the disk is thermally treated.
  • a high-index layer comprising titanium oxide applied as a sol-gel coating is at least partially amorphous and does not have this disadvantage. The chemical conversion of the sol-gel is helpful in order to avoid problems with temperature treatments.
  • a sol containing the precursors of the coating is first prepared and matured. Ripening may involve hydrolysis of the precursors and/or a (partial) reaction between the precursors.
  • the precursors are usually present in a solvent, preferably water, alcohol (especially ethanol) or a water-alcohol mixture.
  • the sol-gel coating is formed on the basis of titanium oxide or zirconium oxide.
  • the sol contains titanium oxide or zirconium oxide precursors.
  • the sol is applied directly or indirectly to the interior surface of the inner pane, in particular by wet-chemical methods, for example by dip coating, spin coating, flow coating, by application using rollers or brushes or by spray coating (spray coating), or by printing methods, for example pad printing or screen printing.
  • wet-chemical methods for example by dip coating, spin coating, flow coating, by application using rollers or brushes or by spray coating (spray coating), or by printing methods, for example pad printing or screen printing.
  • drying with the solvent being evaporated. This drying can take place at ambient temperature or by means of separate heating (for example at a temperature of up to 120° C.).
  • the surface is typically cleaned by methods known per se.
  • the sol is then condensed.
  • the condensation can include a temperature treatment, which can be carried out as a separate temperature treatment at up to 500°C, for example, or as part of a glass bending process, typically at temperatures of 600°C to 700°C.
  • the precursors have UV-crosslinkable functional groups (for example methacrylate, vinyl or acrylate groups)
  • the condensation can include a UV treatment.
  • suitable precursors e.g. silicates
  • the condensation can comprise an IR treatment.
  • solvent can be evaporated, for example at a temperature of up to 120°C.
  • the refractive index of the optically low-index layer is at most 1.6, preferably at most 1.5, particularly preferably at most 1.4, for example 1.25 to 1.35. These values have proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to the reflection properties of the pane.
  • the low-index layer is preferably based on nanoporous silicon oxide.
  • the reflection properties of the layer are determined on the one hand by the refractive index and on the other hand by the thickness of the low-index layer.
  • the refractive index in turn depends on the pore size and the density of the pores.
  • the pores are dimensioned and distributed in such a way that the refractive index is from 1.2 to 1.4, particularly preferably from 1.25 to 1.35.
  • a refractive index in these ranges is particularly advantageous in order to achieve a homogeneous reflection spectrum in the range of incidence angles of around 65° and around 75°.
  • the thickness of the low-index layer is preferably from 30 nm to 500 nm, particularly preferably from 50 nm to 150 nm. Good properties are achieved in this way.
  • the silicon oxide can be doped, for example with aluminum, zirconium, titanium, boron, tin or zinc.
  • the optical, mechanical and chemical properties of the coating can be adjusted by doping.
  • the low-index layer preferably comprises only one homogeneous layer of nanoporous silicon oxide.
  • the pores are in particular closed nanopores, but can also be open pores.
  • Nanopores are understood to mean pores that have sizes in the nanometer range, ie from 1 nm to less than 1000 nm (1 pm).
  • the pores preferably have an essentially circular cross-section (spherical pores), but can also have other cross-sections, for example an elliptical, oval or elongated cross-section (ellipsoidal or ovoid pores).
  • Preferably at least 80% of all pores have essentially the same cross-sectional shape. It can be advantageous if the pore size is at least 20 nm or even at least 40 nm.
  • the average size of the pores is preferably from 1 nm to 500 nm, particularly preferably from 1 nm to 100 nm, very particularly preferably from 20 nm to 80 nm.
  • the size of the pores means the diameter for circular pores and for pores of other shapes the greatest linear expansion. At least 80% of all pore sizes are preferably in the specified ranges, and the sizes of all pores are particularly preferably in the specified ranges.
  • the proportion of pore volume in the total volume is preferably between 10% and 90%, particularly preferably below 80%, very particularly preferably less than 60%.
  • the low-index layer is also preferably a sol-gel coating. It is deposited on the high-index layer in a sol-gel process. First, a sol containing the precursors of the coating is provided and cured.
  • Ripening may involve hydrolysis of the precursors and/or a (partial) reaction between the precursors.
  • this sol is referred to as a precursor sol and contains silicon oxide precursors in a solvent.
  • the precursors are preferably silanes, in particular tetraethoxysilanes or methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS).
  • MTEOS methyltriethoxysilane
  • silicates can also be used as precursors, in particular sodium, lithium or potassium silicates, for example tetramethyl orthosilicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), tetraisopropyl orthosilicate, or organosilanes of the general form R 2 n Si(OR 1 )4-n.
  • R 1 is preferably an alkyl group
  • R 2 is an alkyl, epoxy, acrylate, methacrylate, amine, phenyl or vinyl group
  • n is an integer from 0 to 2.
  • Silicon halides or alkoxides can also be used .
  • the solvent is preferably water, alcohol (particularly ethanol) or a water-alcohol mixture.
  • the precursor sol is then mixed with a pore former dispersed in an aqueous phase.
  • the task of the pore former is to create the pores in the silicon oxide matrix as a kind of placeholder when creating the low-index layer.
  • the shape, size and concentration of the pore former determine the shape, size and density of the pores.
  • pore size, pore distribution and pore density can be controlled in a targeted manner and reproducible results are ensured.
  • polymer nanoparticles can be used as pore formers, preferably PMMA nanoparticles (polymethyl methacrylate), but alternatively also nanoparticles made of polycarbonates, polyesters or polystyrenes, or copolymers of methyl (meth)acrylates and (meth)acrylic acid.
  • nanodroplets of an oil in the form of a nanoemulsion can also be used.
  • the solution obtained in this way is applied to the high-index layer on the interior-side surface of the inner pane.
  • This is expediently done using wet-chemical methods, for example using those mentioned for the deposition of the high-index layer.
  • the sol is then condensed.
  • the silicon oxide matrix forms around the pore formers.
  • the condensation can include a temperature treatment, for example at a temperature of, for example, up to 350°C.
  • a temperature treatment for example at a temperature of, for example, up to 350°C.
  • UV-crosslinkable functional groups for example methacrylate, vinyl or acrylate group
  • the condensation can include a UV treatment.
  • suitable precursors e.g. silicates
  • the condensation can comprise an IR treatment.
  • solvent can be evaporated at a temperature of up to 120 °C.
  • the coated substrate is preferably subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of at least 400° C., preferably at least 500° C., during which the pore formers decompose.
  • Organic pore formers are in particular charred (carbonized).
  • the heat treatment can take place as part of a bending process or thermal tempering process.
  • the heat treatment is preferably carried out over a period of no more than 15 minutes, particularly preferably no more than 5 minutes.
  • the heat treatment can also serve to complete the condensation and thereby densify the coating, which improves its mechanical properties, in particular its Stability.
  • the pore former can also be dissolved out of the coating using solvents.
  • the corresponding polymer In the case of polymer nanoparticles, the corresponding polymer must be soluble in the solvent, for example tetrahydrofuran (THF) can be used in the case of PMMA nanoparticles.
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • Removal of the pore former is preferred, creating empty pores. In principle, however, it is also possible to leave the pore former in the pores. If it has a different refractive index than silicon oxide, this will be affected.
  • the pores are then filled with the pore former, for example with PMMA nanoparticles.
  • Hollow particles can also be used as pore formers, for example hollow polymer nanoparticles such as PMMA nanoparticles or hollow silicon oxide nanoparticles. If such a pore former is left in the pores and not removed, the pores have a hollow core and an edge area filled with the pore former.
  • the sol-gel process described enables the production of a low-index layer with a regular, homogeneous distribution of the pores.
  • the shape, size and density of the pores can be adjusted in a targeted manner and the low-index layer has a low tortuosity.
  • the reflection layer comprises at least one high-index layer and at least one low-index layer. Accordingly, a plurality of high-index layers and low-index layers can also be applied, with these preferably being applied alternately to one another. In the case of an alternating sequence of layers, the layers bordering on a low-index layer have a high refractive index and the layers bordering on a high-index layer have a low refractive index.
  • the layer stack of high-index layers and low-index layers begins, viewed from the inner pane, preferably with a high-index layer.
  • the exposed surface of the reflection layer, with which the layer stack ends can be formed by a high-index layer or a low-index layer.
  • the reflection layer comprises exactly one low-index layer and exactly one high-index layer, the high-index layer being at a smaller distance from the inner pane than the low-index layer.
  • the high-index layer is therefore the layer of the reflection coating that is closer to the inner pane, while the low-index layer closes off the layer stack and is the surface of the reflection coating that is exposed to the environment.
  • the low-index layer is thus arranged above the high-index layer in relation to the surface of the inner pane on the interior side.
  • the low-index layer is preferably deposited directly on the high-index layer, ie no further layers are arranged between the high-index layer and the low-index layer.
  • the reflection coating particularly preferably consists of exactly one individual high-index layer and exactly one individual low-index layer and has no further layers below or above this layer. The inventors have surprisingly found that a reflective coating comprising exactly one low-index layer and exactly one high-index layer has improved reflection behavior for p-polarized light, with a lower angle dependency being able to be determined in particular.
  • the high-index layers preferably have a layer thickness of 30 nm to 150 nm each, particularly preferably 30 nm to 100 nm, in particular 40 nm to 70 nm.
  • the low-index layers preferably each have a layer thickness of 100 nm to 300 nm, particularly preferably 150 nm to 250 nm, in particular 165 nm to 220 nm.
  • a particularly advantageous reflection of p-polarized light over a large angular range can be achieved within these layer thickness ranges. This is particularly the case when the reflective coating is precisely a highly refractive layer and precisely comprises a low-index layer and the layer thicknesses are within the ranges mentioned in each case.
  • the reflection spectrum should be as smooth as possible with respect to p-polarized radiation and should not exhibit any pronounced local minima and maxima.
  • the difference between the maximum reflectance occurring and the average reflectance and the difference between the minimum reflectance occurring and the average reflectance should be at most 3%, particularly preferably at most 2%.
  • the difference given is to be understood as an absolute deviation of the degree of reflection (given in %), not as a percentage deviation relative to the mean value.
  • the standard deviation in the spectral range from 450 nm to 650 nm can be used as a measure of the smoothness of the reflection spectrum.
  • a reflection layer comprising exactly one high-index layer and exactly one low-index layer has proven to be advantageous.
  • a HUD layer is arranged between the interior surface of the outer pane and the outside surface of the inner pane.
  • the principle of a head-up display (HUD) and the technical terms used here from the field of HUDs are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
  • HUD head-up display
  • the principle of a head-up display (HUD) and the technical terms used here from the field of HUDs are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the HUD layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, whereby "between” can mean both within the thermoplastic intermediate layer and in direct spatial contact on the inside of the outer pane and on the outside of the inner pane.
  • the HUD layer is configured to reflect p-polarized light.
  • the HUD layer is a reflective coating that is introduced over a large area into the laminated pane, with the area in which the HUD coating is located also being referred to as the HUD area.
  • a projector is directed at the HUD area of the laminated pane.
  • the radiation from the projector is preferably predominantly p-polarized.
  • the HUD layer is capable of reflecting p-polarized radiation.
  • the projection arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable for combination with a HUD layer.
  • the reflection layer provided on the interior surface of the inner pane and the opaque cover layer applied in this area are only locally limited to the edge area of the composite pane and thus do not affect the HUD layer applied in the see-through area of the composite pane. Because the reflective layer is positioned on an exposed surface of the laminated pane, the HUD layer can be independently attached to one of the internal surfaces of the laminated pane, where it is protected from environmental influences.
  • the HUD layer preferably includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tin, titanium, copper, chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese, zirconium, cerium, yttrium, silver, gold, platinum and palladium, or mixtures thereof.
  • the HUD layer is a coating containing a thin layer stack, ie a layer sequence of thin individual layers.
  • This thin layer stack contains one or more electrically conductive layers based on silver.
  • the electrically conductive layer based on silver gives the reflective coating the basic reflective properties and also an IR-reflecting effect and electrical conductivity.
  • the electrically conductive layer is based on silver.
  • the conductive layer preferably contains at least 90% by weight silver, particularly preferably at least 99% by weight silver, very particularly preferably at least 99.9% by weight silver.
  • the silver layer can have doping, for example palladium, gold, copper or aluminum.
  • Silver-based materials are particularly suitable for reflecting p-polarized light. The use of silver has proven to be particularly advantageous when reflecting p-polarized light.
  • the coating has a thickness of 5 nm to 50 nm and preferably 8 nm to 25 nm.
  • the HUD layer is designed as a coating, it is preferably applied to the inner pane or outer pane by physical vapor deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by cathode sputtering (“sputtering”) and very particularly preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering (“magnetron sputtering”) .
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the coating can also, for example, by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), for example plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD), by vapor deposition or by Atomic layer deposition (ALD) are applied.
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • PECVD plasma-enhanced vapor deposition
  • ALD Atomic layer deposition
  • the HUD layer can also be formed as a reflective foil that reflects p-polarized light.
  • the HUD layer can be a carrier film with a reflective coating or a reflective polymer film.
  • the reflective coating preferably comprises at least one metal-based layer and/or a dielectric layer sequence with alternating refractive indices.
  • the metal-based layer preferably contains or consists of silver and/or aluminum.
  • the dielectric layers can, for example, be based on silicon nitride, zinc oxide, tin-zinc oxide, silicon-metal mixed nitrides such as silicon-zirconium nitride, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide or silicon carbide.
  • the oxides and nitrides mentioned can be deposited stoichiometrically, under-stoichiometrically or over-stoichiometrically. They can have dopings, for example aluminum, zirconium, titanium or boron.
  • the reflective polymer film preferably comprises or consists of dielectric polymer layers.
  • the dielectric polymer layers preferably contain PET. If the HUD layer is in the form of a reflective film, it is preferably from 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m and in particular from 100 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m thick.
  • the CVD or PVD coating processes can also be used for production.
  • the HUD layer is designed as a reflective film and is arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that the HUD layer does not have to be applied to the outer pane or inner pane using thin-layer technology (for example CVD and PVD). This results in uses of the HUD layer with further advantageous functions such as a more homogeneous reflection of the p-polarized light on the HUD layer.
  • the manufacture of the laminated pane can be simplified since the HUD layer does not have to be arranged on the outer or inner pane via an additional process prior to lamination.
  • the composite pane of the projection arrangement is preferably a windshield.
  • the optionally available HUD layer is in the transparent area of the laminated pane.
  • the total transmission through the laminated pane is at least 70%, based on light type A, in an embodiment as a windshield of a motor vehicle.
  • the term total transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows.
  • first layer is arranged above a second layer, this means within the meaning of the invention that the first layer is arranged further away from the substrate on which the coating is applied than the second layer. If a first layer is arranged below a second layer, this means within the meaning of the invention that the second layer is arranged further away from the substrate than the first layer.
  • the layer mainly consists of this material, in particular essentially of this material in addition to any impurities or dopings.
  • the oxides and nitrides mentioned can be deposited stoichiometrically, under-stoichiometrically or over-stoichiometrically (even if a stoichiometric sum formula is given for better understanding). They can have dopings, for example aluminum, zirconium, titanium or boron.
  • the outer pane and inner pane preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alumino-silicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate , polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
  • glass particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alumino-silicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate , polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
  • the outer pane and inner pane can have further suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.
  • the thickness of the individual panes can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • Discs with standard thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm and preferably 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm are preferably used.
  • the size of the discs can vary widely and depends on the use.
  • the composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape.
  • the outer pane and inner pane preferably have no shadow zones, so that they can be coated by cathode sputtering, for example.
  • the outer panes are preferred and inner pane flat or slightly or strongly curved in one direction or in several directions of the room.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer contains or consists of at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyurethane (PU) or copolymers or derivatives thereof, optionally in combination with polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer or mixture thereof.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably designed as at least one thermoplastic composite film and contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains at least one plasticizer.
  • Plasticizers are chemical compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, more supple and/or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics to lower temperatures so that the plastics have the desired more elastic properties in the operating temperature range.
  • Preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, especially low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins and camphor.
  • Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of triethylene or tetraethylene glycol. Particular preference is given to using 3G7, 3G8 or 4G7 as plasticizers, the first digit denoting the number of ethylene glycol units and the last digit denoting the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid part of the compound.
  • 3G8 stands for triethylene glycol bis-(2-ethylhexanoate), ie for a compound of the formula C 4 H 9 CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) CO (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 3O 2 CCH (CH 2 CH 3 ) C 4 H 9 .
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer based on PVB preferably contains at least 3% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, particularly preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight and in particular at least 35% by weight a plasticizer.
  • the plasticizer contains or consists, for example, of triethylene glycol bis-(2-ethylhexanoate).
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by a single film or by more than one film.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably being from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a functional thermoplastic intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties, an intermediate layer which reflects infrared radiation, an intermediate layer which absorbs infrared radiation and/or an intermediate layer which absorbs UV radiation.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a band filter film that blocks out narrow bands of visible light.
  • the invention includes a method for producing a projection arrangement according to the invention.
  • the method comprises at least the following steps:
  • Step e) of the process takes place either before, during or after steps a) to d).
  • the reflective layer is only applied after this opaque covering layer has been applied.
  • the reflection layer reflects the p-polarized light. The p-polarized light leaves the laminated pane on the inside of the inner pane.
  • the layer stack is laminated under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure, the individual layers being connected (laminated) to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • Methods known per se can be used to produce a laminated pane. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours.
  • Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 130°C to 145°C.
  • the outer pane, the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane.
  • Plants of this type are known for the production of laminated panes and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant.
  • the temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C.
  • Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice.
  • vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the outer pane and the inner pane can be laminated within, for example, about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80°C to 170°C.
  • a HUD layer is applied to the interior surface of the inner pane and/or the outside surface of the inner pane before, during or after one of steps a) and b).
  • the HUD layer is part of the thermoplastic intermediate layer and is introduced into the laminated pane together with it.
  • the invention extends to the use of the projection arrangement according to the invention in vehicles for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles.
  • the use of the laminated pane as a vehicle windshield is preferred.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the projection arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the laminated pane of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 6 shows a view of the inner pane of the laminated pane according to FIG. 1 with a reflective coating in cross section along section line AA',
  • FIG. 7a shows a reflection spectrum of a composite pane according to Example 1 from Table 1 compared to p-polarized radiation at 65°
  • FIG. 7b shows a reflection spectrum of a laminated pane according to Example 1 from Table 1 compared to p-polarized radiation at 75°
  • FIG. 8a shows a reflection spectrum of a composite pane according to Example 2 from Table 1 compared to p-polarized radiation at 65°
  • FIG. 8b shows a reflection spectrum of a composite pane according to Example 2 from Table 1 compared to p-polarized radiation at 75°
  • FIG. 9a shows a reflection spectrum of a laminated pane according to the invention according to example 3 from table 1 compared to p-polarized radiation at 65°,
  • FIG. 9b shows a reflection spectrum of a composite pane according to Example 3 from Table 1 compared to p-polarized radiation at 75°
  • FIG. 10a shows a reflection spectrum of a laminated pane not according to the invention according to comparative example 4 from Table 1 compared to p-polarized radiation at 65°
  • FIG. 10b shows a reflection spectrum of a laminated pane not according to the invention according to comparative example 4 from Table 1 compared to p-polarized radiation at 75°.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the projection arrangement 100 according to the invention when installed in a vehicle in the form of a schematic representation.
  • a plan view of composite pane 10 of projection assembly 100 is shown in FIG.
  • the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 corresponds to section line A-A of composite pane 1, as indicated in FIG.
  • the laminated pane 10 comprises an outer pane 1 and an inner pane 2 with a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 which is arranged between the panes.
  • the laminated pane 10 is installed in a vehicle and separates a vehicle interior 12 from an external environment 13 .
  • the laminated pane 10 is the windshield of a motor vehicle.
  • the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 are each made of glass, preferably thermally toughened soda-lime glass, and are transparent to visible light.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 comprises a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the outside surface I of the outer pane 1 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 and is at the same time the outer surface of the laminated pane 10.
  • the interior surface II of the outer pane 1 and the outside surface III of the inner pane 2 each face the intermediate layer 3.
  • the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 and is at the same time the inside of the laminated pane 10.
  • the laminated pane 10 can have any suitable geometric shape and/or curvature. As a composite pane 10, it typically has a
  • a frame-shaped peripheral opaque covering layer 5 is opaque and prevents the view of structures arranged on the inside of the composite pane 10.
  • the laminated pane 1 also has an opaque cover layer 5 in the edge region R on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 2, which is designed in the form of a frame all the way around.
  • the opaque cover layers 5 consist of an electrically non-conductive material conventionally used for cover prints, for example a black-colored screen printing ink that is baked.
  • the opaque covering layers 5 prevent the laminated pane 10 from being seen through, as a result of which, for example, an adhesive strip for gluing the laminated pane 10 into a vehicle body is not visible when viewed from the outside 13 .
  • At least one of the cover layers 5 is applied in a partial area B of the pane.
  • a partial area B extends circumferentially in the edge area R of the laminated pane 10.
  • the partial area B and the opaque cover layer 5 located therein are widened, the widened partial area B when the pane is installed as a windshield in a motor vehicle is adjacent to the edge of the engine and the dashboard.
  • the reflection layer 9 is arranged in a view through the laminated pane 10 so as to overlap the opaque cover layer 5 located underneath, with this opaque cover layer 5 completely covering the reflection layer 9 , ie the reflection layer 9 has no section which does not overlap with the cover layer 5 lying underneath.
  • the reflection layer 9 is arranged here, for example, only in a section of the edge region R of the laminated pane 10, which is adjacent to the engine compartment of the motor vehicle in the installed state. However, it would also be possible for the reflection layer 9 to be in an upper (roof-side) section or to be arranged in a lateral portion of the edge region R.
  • a plurality of reflection layers 9 could be provided in the sections of the edge region R mentioned.
  • the reflection layers 9 could be arranged in such a way that a (partially) circulating image is generated.
  • the opaque cover layer 5 located on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 2 is widened in the section in which the first partial region D with the reflective layer 9 is located. In this way, an overlapping of the first partial area D with the reflective layer 9 and the second partial area B with the opaque cover layer 5 is achieved.
  • the “width” is understood to be the dimension of the opaque cover layer 5 perpendicular to its extension.
  • the overlap according to the invention between the reflective layer 9 and the opaque cover layer 5 does not have to be provided by a cover layer 5 directly adjoining the reflective layer 9 . In this sense, one of the opaque covering layers 5 according to FIG.
  • the projection arrangement 100 has a light source 8 as an image generator.
  • the light source 8 is used to generate p-polarized light 7 (image information), which is directed onto the reflection layer 9 and is reflected by the reflection layer 9 as reflected light into the vehicle interior 12, where it can be perceived by an observer, e.g. the driver .
  • the reflection layer 9 is suitably formed to reflect the p-polarized light 7 of the light source 8, i.e. an image formed by the light 7 of the light source 8.
  • the p-polarized light 7 preferably strikes the laminated pane 1 at an angle of incidence of 50° to 80°, in particular 65° to 75°.
  • the light source 8 is, for example, a display, in this case an LCD display. It would also be possible, for example, for the composite pane 10 to be a roof pane, side pane or rear pane.
  • the reflective layer 9 is shown extending along the lower section of the edge region R of the laminated pane 10 .
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 correspond to the section line AA in the lower section Z of the edge region R of the laminated pane 1, as indicated in FIG.
  • the embodiment of the laminated pane 10 shown in FIG. 3 essentially corresponds to the laminated pane according to the embodiment in FIG.
  • the HUD layer 4 also extends into the see-through area of the laminated pane 10, ie the area in which none of the opaque covering layers 5 is present.
  • a projector (not shown) can be directed onto this area of the pane and the HUD layer 4 can be generated as a projection surface for a virtual image.
  • the opaque cover layer 5 is located on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 2 and covers the HUD layer 4 for the viewer located in the interior 12 .
  • the reflection layer 9 is applied to the interior-side surface IV on the opaque covering layer 5 .
  • the reflection layer 9 is applied directly to this opaque covering layer 5 .
  • the image projected from the light source 8 onto the reflection layer 9 can be seen well against the background of the opaque cover layer 5 with high contrast.
  • the HUD layer 4 can be used independently of the reflection layer 9, with the image of the reflection layer 9 and the HUD image not influencing each other.
  • the embodiment of the laminated pane 10 shown in FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment in FIG. 3 only in that the reflection layer 9 is applied directly to the surface IV of the laminated pane 10 on the interior side.
  • the opaque cover layer 5 closest to the reflection layer 9 is applied to the outside surface III of the inner pane 1 and serves there as an opaque background of the image of the reflection layer.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the laminated pane 10, which essentially corresponds to the embodiment in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows a view of the inner pane 2 with the reflective layer 9 of FIG. 1 in detail.
  • the reflection layer 9 consists of two layers, a low-index layer 9.1 and a high-index layer 9.2, and is applied to the opaque covering layer 5.
  • the invention is explained below using examples and a comparative example.
  • the reflection properties of composite panes according to the invention for p-polarized light and a composite pane not according to the invention are compared below.
  • the basic structure of the compound panes corresponds to that described in FIG. 3, the compound panes differing in the composition of the reflective layer.
  • the reflection layer is applied to the opaque covering layer 5 on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 2 .
  • the layer thicknesses, the layer structure and the refractive indices according to Examples 1 to 3 according to the invention and Comparative Example 4 not according to the invention are summarized in Table 1. All low-index layers and high-index layers were implemented as sol-gel coatings.
  • the reflectivity for p-polarized light which is essential for the image quality, is denoted by RL(A) p-pol and is determined on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 2 at 65° and at 75°.
  • the values for the reflection (RL) refer to the light type A, which by definition is based on the relative radiation distribution of the Planckian radiator with 2856 Kelvin.
  • the corresponding reflection spectra are shown in Figures 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a and 10b.
  • a comparison of the properties of the reflective layer 9 according to Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 4 shows that the reflective layers according to Examples 1 to 3 have a significantly increased reflection compared to Comparative Example 4 both below 65° and below 75°.
  • the laminated pane of example 3 according to the invention shows a sufficiently high reflectivity below 65°.
  • the composite panes of Examples 1 and 2 were further optimized for use in a larger range of angles.
  • reflection layers comprising precisely one low-index layer and one high-index layer have proven to be advantageous in order to achieve a lower angular dependency of the reflection properties.
  • Example 1 has a low-index layer with a further lowered refractive index compared to the other examples and the comparative example.
  • the low-index layer according to Example 1 is designed as nanoporous silicon oxide.
  • the laminated pane according to Example 1 has proven to be advantageous with regard to a particularly homogeneous reflection spectrum.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble projection (100) comprenant au moins une source de lumière (8) pour une lumière polarisée p (7) et une vitre composite (10) qui comprend une vitre extérieure (1), une vitre intérieure (2) et une couche intermédiaire thermoplastique (3) : une couche réfléchissante (9) étant conçue pour réfléchir la lumière polarisée p (7) dans au moins une première partie (D) de la vitre composite (10) sur la surface côté intérieur (IV) de la vitre intérieure (2) ; au moins une couche de recouvrement opaque (5) étant disposée dans au moins dans une seconde partie (B) de la vitre composite (10) sur la surface côté extérieur (I) de la vitre extérieure (1), sur la surface côté intérieur (II) de la vitre extérieure (1), sur la surface côté extérieur (III) de la vitre intérieure (2) et/ou sur la surface côté intérieur (IV) de la vitre intérieure (2) et une saillie de la seconde partie (B) dans le plan de la première partie (D) étant au moins en partie congruente avec celle-ci ; et la couche réfléchissante (9) comprenant, dans cet ordre, au moins une couche à indice de réfraction élevé (9.1) ayant un indice de réfraction supérieur ou égal à 1,7 et une couche à faible réfraction optique (9,2) ayant un indice de réfraction inférieur ou égal à 1,6.
EP22776931.2A 2021-09-28 2022-09-07 Ensemble projection comprenant une vitre composite Pending EP4408664A1 (fr)

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EP21199333 2021-09-28
PCT/EP2022/074862 WO2023052065A1 (fr) 2021-09-28 2022-09-07 Ensemble projection comprenant une vitre composite

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WO2024217882A1 (fr) 2023-04-17 2024-10-24 Saint-Gobain Glass France Feuille de verre composite ayant un élément de plaque de hud
WO2025002865A1 (fr) 2023-06-30 2025-01-02 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre composite comprenant un film transparent pouvant être chauffé et une couche réfléchissante pour rayonnement polarisé p

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